Synopsis of Phyllosticta in China
Identifieur interne : 001069 ( Pmc/Corpus ); précédent : 001068; suivant : 001070Synopsis of Phyllosticta in China
Auteurs : Ke Zhang ; Roger G. Shivas ; Lei CaiSource :
- Mycology [ 2150-1203 ] ; 2015.
Abstract
The generic concept of
Url:
DOI: 10.1080/21501203.2015.1027507
PubMed: 26000199
PubMed Central: 4409051
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<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Synopsis of <italic>Phyllosticta</italic> in China</title><author><name sortKey="Zhang, Ke" sort="Zhang, Ke" uniqKey="Zhang K" first="Ke" last="Zhang">Ke Zhang</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="AFF0001"></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Shivas, Roger G" sort="Shivas, Roger G" uniqKey="Shivas R" first="Roger G." last="Shivas">Roger G. Shivas</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="AFF0002"></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cai, Lei" sort="Cai, Lei" uniqKey="Cai L" first="Lei" last="Cai">Lei Cai</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="AFF0001"></nlm:aff></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno><idno type="pmid">26000199</idno><idno type="pmc">4409051</idno><idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4409051</idno><idno type="RBID">PMC:4409051</idno><idno type="doi">10.1080/21501203.2015.1027507</idno><date when="2015">2015</date><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">001069</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Synopsis of <italic>Phyllosticta</italic> in China</title><author><name sortKey="Zhang, Ke" sort="Zhang, Ke" uniqKey="Zhang K" first="Ke" last="Zhang">Ke Zhang</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="AFF0001"></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Shivas, Roger G" sort="Shivas, Roger G" uniqKey="Shivas R" first="Roger G." last="Shivas">Roger G. Shivas</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="AFF0002"></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cai, Lei" sort="Cai, Lei" uniqKey="Cai L" first="Lei" last="Cai">Lei Cai</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="AFF0001"></nlm:aff></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Mycology</title><idno type="ISSN">2150-1203</idno><idno type="eISSN">2150-1211</idno><imprint><date when="2015">2015</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p>The generic concept of <italic>Phyllosticta</italic> has undergone substantial changes since its establishment in 1818. The existence of conidia with a mucilaginous sheath and an apical appendage is synapomorphic for <italic>Phyllosticta</italic> species, which has been shown in recent molecular phylogenetic studies. Thus a natural classification of <italic>Phyllosticta</italic> species should emphasize above morphological characters. Many names in <italic>Phyllosticta</italic>, both published in the scientific literatures and in publically accessible databases, need updating. In China, more than 200 species names in <italic>Phyllosticta</italic> have been recorded, of which, 158 species names are reviewed here based on their morphological descriptions and molecular data. Only 20 species of <italic>Phyllosticta</italic> are accepted from China. Other records of <italic>Phyllosticta</italic> refer to <italic>Phoma</italic> (89 records), <italic>Asteromella</italic> (14 records), <italic>Boeremia</italic> (9 records), <italic>Phomopsis</italic> (7 records) and <italic>Microsphaeropsis</italic> (1 record), with 19 names of uncertain generic classification. This work demonstrates an urgent need for the re-assessment of records of <italic>Phyllosticta</italic> worldwide.</p></div></front><back><div1 type="bibliography"><listBibl><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Aveskamp, M" uniqKey="Aveskamp M">M Aveskamp</name></author><author><name sortKey="De Gruyter, J" uniqKey="De Gruyter J">J De Gruyter</name></author><author><name sortKey="Woudenberg, J" uniqKey="Woudenberg J">J Woudenberg</name></author><author><name sortKey="Verkley, G" uniqKey="Verkley G">G Verkley</name></author><author><name sortKey="Crous, Pw" uniqKey="Crous P">PW. 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<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Mycology</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">Mycology</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="archive">TMYC</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">tmyc20</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title>Mycology</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2150-1203</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2150-1211</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Taylor & Francis</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">26000199</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="pmc">4409051</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">1027507</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1080/21501203.2015.1027507</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Original Articles</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Synopsis of <italic>Phyllosticta</italic> in China</article-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Zhang</surname><given-names>Ke</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="AFF0001"><sup>a</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Shivas</surname><given-names>Roger G.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="AFF0002"><sup>b</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Cai</surname><given-names>Lei</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="AFF0001"><sup>a</sup></xref><xref ref-type="corresp" rid="AN0001"><sup>*</sup></xref></contrib><aff id="AFF0001"><label><sup>a</sup></label><institution><named-content content-type="department">State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology</named-content>,<named-content content-type="institution-name">Chinese Academy of Sciences</named-content></institution>,<named-content content-type="city">Beijing</named-content><named-content content-type="postal-code">100101</named-content>,<country>P. R. China</country></aff><aff id="AFF0002"><label><sup>b</sup></label><institution><named-content content-type="department">Plant Pathology Herbarium, Biosecurity Queensland</named-content>,<named-content content-type="institution-name">Ecosciences Precinct</named-content></institution>,<named-content content-type="city">Dutton Park</named-content>,<named-content content-type="state">QLD</named-content><named-content content-type="postal-code">4102</named-content>,<country>Australia</country></aff></contrib-group><author-notes><corresp id="AN0001"><label>* </label>Corresponding author. Email: <email xlink:href="cail@im.ac.cn">cail@im.ac.cn</email></corresp></author-notes><pub-date pub-type="ppub"><day>2</day><month>1</month><year>2015</year><pmc-comment>string-date: March 2015</pmc-comment>
</pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>17</day><month>4</month><year>2015</year></pub-date><volume>6</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage seq="7">50</fpage><lpage>75</lpage><history><date date-type="received"><day>6</day><month>2</month><year>2015</year></date><date date-type="accepted"><day>2</day><month>3</month><year>2015</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement>© 2015 Mycological Society of China</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2015</copyright-year><copyright-holder>Mycological Society of China</copyright-holder><license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"><license-p>This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</ext-link>), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri content-type="pdf" xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="tmyc-6-050.pdf"></self-uri><abstract><p>The generic concept of <italic>Phyllosticta</italic> has undergone substantial changes since its establishment in 1818. The existence of conidia with a mucilaginous sheath and an apical appendage is synapomorphic for <italic>Phyllosticta</italic> species, which has been shown in recent molecular phylogenetic studies. Thus a natural classification of <italic>Phyllosticta</italic> species should emphasize above morphological characters. Many names in <italic>Phyllosticta</italic>, both published in the scientific literatures and in publically accessible databases, need updating. In China, more than 200 species names in <italic>Phyllosticta</italic> have been recorded, of which, 158 species names are reviewed here based on their morphological descriptions and molecular data. Only 20 species of <italic>Phyllosticta</italic> are accepted from China. Other records of <italic>Phyllosticta</italic> refer to <italic>Phoma</italic> (89 records), <italic>Asteromella</italic> (14 records), <italic>Boeremia</italic> (9 records), <italic>Phomopsis</italic> (7 records) and <italic>Microsphaeropsis</italic> (1 record), with 19 names of uncertain generic classification. This work demonstrates an urgent need for the re-assessment of records of <italic>Phyllosticta</italic> worldwide.</p></abstract><kwd-group kwd-group-type="author"><title>Keywords</title><kwd><italic>Guignardia</italic></kwd><kwd>inventory</kwd><kwd>phytopathogenic fungi</kwd><kwd>systematics</kwd><kwd>taxonomy</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement>This work was financially funded by NSFC [31322001]. Dr. Roger G. Shivas acknowledges NSFC [31110103906] for supporting his academic visit to China.</funding-statement></funding-group><counts><table-count count="1"></table-count><ref-count count="107"></ref-count><page-count count="26"></page-count></counts></article-meta></front><body><sec sec-type="intro" id="S0001"><title>Introduction</title><p><italic>Phyllosticta</italic> is an important group of plant pathogenic fungi distributed worldwide that cause serious diseases, e.g. citrus black spot (Baayen et al. <xref rid="CIT0002" ref-type="bibr">2002</xref>), cranberry early rot (Shear <xref rid="CIT0079" ref-type="bibr">1907</xref>). Many records of <italic>Phyllosticta</italic> appear in the literature under the later synonym <italic>Guignardia</italic>, which was introduced for the teleomorphic stage of the fungus (van der Aa <xref rid="CIT0090" ref-type="bibr">1973</xref>; Hyde <xref rid="CIT0038" ref-type="bibr">1995</xref>; Crous et al. <xref rid="CIT0020" ref-type="bibr">1996</xref>; Wulandari et al. <xref rid="CIT0101" ref-type="bibr">2010</xref>).</p><p>Since the genus <italic>Phyllosticta</italic> was established by Persoon (<xref rid="CIT0057" ref-type="bibr">1818</xref>), more than 3000 species’ epithets have been recorded. Early classification of <italic>Phyllosticta</italic> was mostly based on host association and disease symptoms (Desmazières <xref rid="CIT0023" ref-type="bibr">1847</xref>; Saccardo <xref rid="CIT0067" ref-type="bibr">1884</xref>). Desmazières (<xref rid="CIT0023" ref-type="bibr">1847</xref>) revised <italic>Phyllosticta</italic>, and considered it was characterized as leaf spotting fungi that had small conidia and globose pycnidia (Desmazières <xref rid="CIT0023" ref-type="bibr">1847</xref>). Saccardo (<xref rid="CIT0066" ref-type="bibr">1878</xref>, <xref rid="CIT0067" ref-type="bibr">1884</xref>) later defined <italic>Phyllosticta</italic> as a group of fungi parasitic on leaves, with 1-celled, ovoid or oblong, hyaline conidia. Unfortunately, many morphologically similar fungi occur on leaf spots, e.g. <italic>Asteromella, Phoma</italic> or <italic>Phomopsis</italic>, which has led to much confusion in the plant pathological and mycological literature.</p><p>The most recent morphology-based revisionary treatments define <italic>Phyllosticta</italic> (van der Aa <xref rid="CIT0090" ref-type="bibr">1973</xref>; van der Aa and Vanev <xref rid="CIT0092" ref-type="bibr">2002</xref>) as having globose, subglobose or tympaniform pycnidia: 1-celled, globose, subglobose, ellipsoidal, ovoidal, obovoidal or pyriform conidia with slime sheaths and an apical appendage. van der Aa and Vanev (<xref rid="CIT0092" ref-type="bibr">2002</xref>) considered more than 2000 species names, accepting only 141 species. The existence of conidia with a mucilaginous sheath and an apical appendage is synapomorphic for <italic>Phyllosticta</italic> species in recent molecular phylogenetic studies (Motohashi et al. <xref rid="CIT0051" ref-type="bibr">2009</xref>; Wikee et al. <xref rid="CIT0098" ref-type="bibr">2011</xref>; Su and Cai <xref rid="CIT0081" ref-type="bibr">2012</xref>; Zhang, Su, et al. <xref rid="CIT0105" ref-type="bibr">2013</xref>). Recent molecular studies have portrayed clearer phylogenetic relationships in the group, based on DNA sequence analysis of conconcatenated intron-dominated genes such as ITS, ACT, TEF, and highly conserved gene coding regions such as LSU and GAPDH. These studies have recognized many cryptic species in traditionally morphologically circumscribed species complexes, e.g. <italic>P. citricarpa</italic> on citrus, <italic>P. musarum</italic> on banana, <italic>P. vaccinii</italic> on <italic>Vaccinium, G. philoprina</italic> on <italic>Rhododendron, Hedera, Ilex, Magnolia</italic> and <italic>Taxus</italic> (Wulandari et al. <xref rid="CIT0100" ref-type="bibr">2009</xref>; Glienke et al. <xref rid="CIT0031" ref-type="bibr">2011</xref>; Wang et al. <xref rid="CIT0094" ref-type="bibr">2012</xref>; Wikee et al. <xref rid="CIT0097" ref-type="bibr">2013</xref>; Zhang, Zhang, et al. <xref rid="CIT0106" ref-type="bibr">2013</xref>).</p><p>The morphological characters of <italic>Phoma</italic> are: pycnidia immersed, globose to subglobose or obpyriform, pale brown to dark brown, with one central ostiole, sometimes with more than one ostiole in culture; conidiogenous cells hyaline, short, phialidic, enteroblastic, obpyriform, formed from the cells lining the inside of the pycnidium; conidia hyaline, 1-celled, occasionally 1-septate, usually biguttulate, oblong, obovate or ellipsoidal, asepta conidia usually 3–12 μm long, conidia with 1–3 septa usually 8–15 μm long, 0.5–5 μm wide; chlamydospores are often formed in culture (van der Aa and Vanev <xref rid="CIT0092" ref-type="bibr">2002</xref>; Boerema et al. <xref rid="CIT0009" ref-type="bibr">2004</xref>).</p><p>The morphological characters of <italic>Asteromella</italic> are: conidiomata pycnidial, globose, separate or more frequently aggregated, dark brown, immersed, unilocular, thick-walled, wall of brown; ostiole central, circular, papillate; conidiophores hyaline, smooth, 1–3 septate, tapered at the apex, branched only at the base, formed from the inner cells of the pycnidial wall; conidiogenous cells enteroblastic, phialidic, integrated or less often discrete, determinate, hyaline, apertures apical or lateral on short branches produced immediately below transverse sept; conidia hyaline, aseptate, thin-walled, eguttulate, cylindrical to oval (Sutton <xref rid="CIT0082" ref-type="bibr">1980</xref>; van der Aa and Vanev <xref rid="CIT0092" ref-type="bibr">2002</xref>).</p><p>The morphological characters of <italic>Phomopsis</italic> are: pycnidia, brown to black, scattered or aggregated, globose to conical, convulated to unilocular, singly ostiolate, pycnidial wall consisting of brown; conidiophores hyaline, cylindrical, branched above or below, 1–3-septate; conidiogenous cells straight to curved, tapering slightly towards the apex. α-conidia 1-celled, hyaline, fusoid to ellipsoidal, apex bluntly rounded, biguttulate; β-conidia 1-celled, hyaline, filamentous, usually curved at upper half, without guttules (Muntaňola-Cvetcovic et al. <xref rid="CIT0053" ref-type="bibr">1981</xref>; van der Aa and Vanev <xref rid="CIT0092" ref-type="bibr">2002</xref>).</p><p>The first report of <italic>Phyllosticta</italic> in China (Miura <xref rid="CIT0049" ref-type="bibr">1928</xref>) listed 24 species from northeast China. Since then, more than 200 records of <italic>Phyllosticta</italic> have been reported from China by Teng (<xref rid="CIT0087" ref-type="bibr">1963</xref>), Tai (<xref rid="CIT0086" ref-type="bibr">1979</xref>) and subsequent mycologists. Most of these records were reported and described in the <italic>Flora Fungorum Sinicorm,</italic> Vol. 15 (Bai <xref rid="CIT0003" ref-type="bibr">2003</xref>). Bai (<xref rid="CIT0003" ref-type="bibr">2003</xref>) accepted the significance of the slime sheath and apical appendage in identifying <italic>Phyllosticta</italic> species, but he listed many species that did not possess these structures under <italic>Phyllosticta</italic>. More recently, some newly described species have been reported from China (Su and Cai <xref rid="CIT0081" ref-type="bibr">2012</xref>; Zhang, Su, et al. <xref rid="CIT0105" ref-type="bibr">2013</xref>). An updated checklist of <italic>Phyllosticta</italic> species in China is needed, especially as some of these species have biosecurity significance.</p><p>We examined 158 records of <italic>Phyllosticta</italic> recorded in <italic>Flora Fungorum Sinicorm</italic> Vol. 15 and published subsequently. Earlier records were not considered. Most of the recorded species were reclassified based on morphology, while the generic identity of 19 records could not be determined. Of the remaining 139 records of <italic>Phyllosticta</italic>, 89 were considered to be <italic>Phoma</italic>, 14 <italic>Asteromella</italic>, 9 <italic>Boeremia</italic>, 7 <italic>Phomopsis</italic> and 1 <italic>Microsphaeropsis</italic>. Only 20 species actually belonged to <italic>Phyllosticta</italic>. Notes for each species and a check list of accepted <italic>Phyllosticta</italic> species names in China are provided (<xref rid="T0001" ref-type="table">Table 1</xref>).
<table-wrap id="T0001" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Table 1. </label><caption><p>Check list of accepted <italic>Phyllosticta</italic> species in China.</p></caption><pmc-comment>OASIS TABLE HERE</pmc-comment><table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><colgroup><col width="1*"></col><col width="1*"></col><col width="1*"></col><col width="1*"></col><col width="1*"></col></colgroup><thead><tr><th>Species</th><th align="center">Host</th><th align="center">Conidiogenous cells</th><th align="center">Conidia</th><th align="center">References</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td><italic>P. amaryllidicola</italic></td><td><italic>Lycoris radiata</italic></td><td>4–6 × 2–4 μm, ampulliform, 1-celled, hyaline</td><td>9–11 × 6–7 μm, ovoid, ellipsoidal, 1-celled, hyaline</td><td>Bai (<xref rid="CIT0003" ref-type="bibr">2003</xref>)</td></tr><tr><td><italic>P. arecae</italic></td><td><italic>Areca catechu</italic></td><td>7.5–10 × 5–6 μm, ampulliform, 1-celled, hyaline</td><td>6–12.5 × 5–7 μm, ovoid, ellipsoidal, cylindrical, 1-celled, hyaline</td><td>Bai (<xref rid="CIT0003" ref-type="bibr">2003</xref>)</td></tr><tr><td><italic>P. capitalensis</italic></td><td>Various</td><td>7–20 × 3–7 μm, subcylindrical to ampulliform, frequently reduced to conidiogenous cells, or branching from a basal supporting cell</td><td>7–10 × 3–5 μm, terminal, subcylindrical to ampulliform to doliiform, hyaline, smooth</td><td>Glienke et al. (<xref rid="CIT0031" ref-type="bibr">2011</xref>)</td></tr><tr><td><italic>P. carochlae</italic></td><td><italic>Caryota ochlandra</italic></td><td>2–6.5 × 5.5–13 μm, holoblastic, hyaline, cylindrical, proliferating 1–2 times percurrently</td><td>6–8.5 × 10–12 μm, unicellular, ovoid, obovoid, ellipsoidal to subglobose, enclosed in a mucilaginous sheath, and bearing a hyaline, mucoid apical appendage</td><td>Zhou et al. (<xref rid="CIT0107" ref-type="bibr">2015</xref>)</td></tr><tr><td><italic>P. citriasiana</italic></td><td><italic>Citrus maxima</italic></td><td>7–17 × 3–5 μm, terminal, subcylindrical to ampulliform or somewhat doliiform, hyaline, smooth</td><td>12–14 × 6–7 μm, solitary, hyaline, aseptate, thin- and smooth-walled, coarsely guttulate, ellipsoidal to obovoid</td><td>Wulandari et al. (<xref rid="CIT0100" ref-type="bibr">2009</xref>)</td></tr><tr><td><italic>P. citricarpa</italic></td><td><italic>Citrus</italic> spp.</td><td>7–12 × 3–4 μm, terminal, subcylindrical to somewhat doliiform, hyaline, smooth</td><td>11–12 × 7 μm, solitary, hyaline, aseptate, thin- and smooth-walled, coarsely guttulate, ellipsoid to obovoid, tapering toward a narrowly truncate base</td><td>Glienke et al. (<xref rid="CIT0031" ref-type="bibr">2011</xref>)</td></tr><tr><td><italic>P. citrichinaensis</italic></td><td><italic>Citrus</italic> spp.</td><td>6–12 × 2–5 μm, holoblastic, phialidic, short cylindrical, lageniform, unicellular, thinwalled, smooth</td><td>8–12 × 6–9 μm, ellipsoid to ovoid, with rounded ends, unicellular, thin, smooth-walled, pomiform, colourless</td><td>Wang et al. (<xref rid="CIT0094" ref-type="bibr">2012</xref>)</td></tr><tr><td><italic>P. cruenta</italic></td><td><italic>Polygonatum macropodium</italic></td><td>8–15 × 2–5 μm, ampulliform, cylindrical 1-celled, hyaline</td><td>10–14 × 7–8 μm, ovoid, 1-celled, hyaline</td><td>Bai (<xref rid="CIT0003" ref-type="bibr">2003</xref>)</td></tr><tr><td><italic>P. euonymi-japonici</italic></td><td><italic>Euonymus japonicus</italic></td><td>15–22.5 × 3.75–5 μm, holoblastic, phialidic, short cylindrical, lageniform, unicellular, colourless</td><td>10–12.5 × 7.5–10 μm, ellipsoid to ovoid, hyaline, with rounded ends, unicellular, thin, smooth-walled</td><td>Liu and Lu (<xref rid="CIT0043" ref-type="bibr">2007</xref>)</td></tr><tr><td><italic>P. ghaesembillae</italic></td><td><italic>Codiaeum variegatum</italic></td><td>4–6 × 2–3.5 μm, ampulliform, 1-celled, hyaline</td><td>10–13 × 7–7.5 μm, ovoid, 1-celled, hyaline</td><td>Bai (<xref rid="CIT0003" ref-type="bibr">2003</xref>)</td></tr><tr><td><italic>P. hemerocallidis</italic></td><td><italic>Hemerocallis fulva</italic></td><td>10–12.5 × 5 μm, ampulliform, 1-celled, hyaline</td><td>7.5–12.5 × 5–7 μm, ovoid, ellipsoidal, 1-celled, hyaline</td><td>Bai (<xref rid="CIT0003" ref-type="bibr">2003</xref>)</td></tr><tr><td><italic>P. hostae</italic></td><td><italic>Hosta plantaginea</italic></td><td>7–22 × 2–5 μm, holoblastic, phialidic, cylindrical, subcylindrical to ampulliform, hyaline, thin-walled, smooth</td><td>8–15 × 5–9 μm, unicellular, thin- and smooth-walled, ellipsoid, subglobose to obovoid, truncate at the base when young, later rounded at both ends</td><td>Su and Cai (<xref rid="CIT0081" ref-type="bibr">2012</xref>)</td></tr><tr><td><italic>P. hubeiensis</italic></td><td><italic>Viburnum odoratissimum</italic></td><td>6–12.5 × 3–5 μm, holoblastic, hyaline, cylindrical or conical</td><td>10–14.5 × 6–9 μm, 1-celled, ellipsoid to obovoid, truncate at the base sometimes</td><td>Zhang, Su, et al. (<xref rid="CIT0105" ref-type="bibr">2013</xref>)</td></tr><tr><td><italic>P. minima</italic></td><td><italic>Acer cinnamomifolium</italic></td><td>4–7.5 × 3–7 μm, ampulliform, 1-celled, hyaline</td><td>7.5–12 × 4–7 μm, ovoid, ellipsoidal, 1-celled, hyaline</td><td>Bai (<xref rid="CIT0003" ref-type="bibr">2003</xref>)</td></tr><tr><td><italic>P. murrayicola</italic></td><td><italic>Murraya paniculata</italic></td><td>4–6 × 2–3.5 μm, ampulliform, 1-celled, hyaline</td><td>10–12.5 × 6–8 μm, ovoid, pyriform, 1-celled, hyaline</td><td>Bai (<xref rid="CIT0003" ref-type="bibr">2003</xref>)</td></tr><tr><td><italic>P. musaechinensis</italic></td><td><italic>Musa</italic> sp.</td><td>cylindrical or conical</td><td>14–18 × 8–12 μm, hyaline, aseptate, coarsely guttulate, ellipsoidal or clavate, thin- and smooth-walled, surrounded by a mucilaginous sheath, apex tapering, straight to curved, appendage 4.0–18.5 μm long</td><td>Wu et al. (<xref rid="CIT0099" ref-type="bibr">2014</xref>)</td></tr><tr><td><italic>P. musarum</italic></td><td><italic>Musa</italic> sp.</td><td>–</td><td>15–18 × 9–10 µm, 1-celled, obovoidal, ellipsoidal or short cylindrical, pyriform when young, with a truncate base, broadly rounded</td><td>Pu et al. (<xref rid="CIT0060" ref-type="bibr">2008</xref>)</td></tr><tr><td><italic>P. schimae</italic></td><td><italic>Schima superba</italic></td><td>8–30 × 2–4 μm, holoblastic, phialidic, short cylindrical, subcylindrical to ampulliform, hyaline, thin-walled, smooth</td><td>7–13 × 4–7 μm, unicellular, thin- and smooth-walled, globose, ellipsoid to obovoid, truncate at the base when young, later rounded at both ends</td><td>Su and Cai (<xref rid="CIT0081" ref-type="bibr">2012</xref>)</td></tr><tr><td><italic>P. schimicola</italic></td><td><italic>Schima superba</italic></td><td>1.5–4.5 × 5–12 μm, holoblastic, hyaline, long cylindrical, subcylindrical to ampulliform, proliferating 1–2 times percurrently</td><td>5–8 × 8–11 μm, unicellular, smooth-walled, ovoid to long ovoid, ampulliform, ellipsoidal to subglobose, truncate at the base when young, enclosed in a smooth and a mucilaginous sheath, and bearing a hyaline, mucoid apical appendage.</td><td>Zhou et al. (<xref rid="CIT0107" ref-type="bibr">2015</xref>)</td></tr><tr><td><italic>P. styracicola</italic></td><td><italic>Styrax grandiflorus</italic></td><td>2–3.5 × 8–12.5 μm, holoblastic, hyaline, cylindrical</td><td>9.5–13 × 6.5–9 μm, 1-celled, ellipsoidal to subglobose</td><td>Zhang, Su, et al. (<xref rid="CIT0105" ref-type="bibr">2013</xref>)</td></tr></tbody></table></table-wrap></p></sec><sec id="S0002"><title>Taxonomy</title><p>1. <italic>Phyllosticta abutilonis</italic> P. Hennings, Hedwigia 48: 13. 1908.</p><p>→ <italic>Boeremia exigua</italic> (Desm.) Aveskamp, Gruyter & Verkley.</p><p>Host: <italic>Abutilon theophrasti</italic> (Malvaceae).</p><p>Distribution: Inner Mongolia, Jilin, Liaoning.</p><p>Specimens: HMSAU 653, HMSAU 654, HMSAU 1398, HMSAU 1995.</p><p>Notes: The Chinese specimens had cylindrical, ellipsoidal and subglobose conidia that measured 56 × 23 μm, and lacked a mucilaginous sheath and an apical appendage (Bai <xref rid="CIT0003" ref-type="bibr">2003</xref>, p. 136). These characters are clearly atypical for <italic>Phyllosticta</italic> but are essentially similar to <italic>Boeremia exigua</italic> (Aveskamp et al. <xref rid="CIT0001" ref-type="bibr">2010</xref>).</p><p>2. <italic>Phyllosticta aceris</italic> Saccardo, Michelia 1: 147. 1878.</p><p>→ <italic>Phoma</italic> sp.</p><p>Host: <italic>Acer saccharum, A. negundo</italic> (Aceraceae).</p><p>Distribution: Jilin, Liaoning.</p><p>Specimens: HMSAU 1210, HMSAU 1174, HMSAU 2049, HMSAU 2076.</p><p>Notes: Many species of <italic>Phyllosticta</italic> have been reported from <italic>Acer</italic> spp., although only two, <italic>P. capitalensis</italic> and <italic>P. minima</italic>, were accepted by van der Aa and Vanev (<xref rid="CIT0092" ref-type="bibr">2002</xref>). The Chinese specimens had oval or elliptical, 1-celled, hyaline, conidia with one guttule that measured 5–7.5 × 2–3.5 μm, seldom with short appendages (Bai <xref rid="CIT0003" ref-type="bibr">2003</xref>, p. 45).The conidial size is smaller than <italic>P. capitalensis</italic> (8–15 × 5–8 μm) and <italic>P. minima</italic> (7.5–12 × 4.5–8 μm) (van der Aa <xref rid="CIT0090" ref-type="bibr">1973</xref>). van der Aa and Vanev (<xref rid="CIT0092" ref-type="bibr">2002</xref>) considered <italic>Phyllosticta aceris</italic> a <italic>Phomopsis</italic> species, as the conidia lacked a mucilaginous sheath and an apical appendage. The conidiogenous cells of the Chinese specimens were cylindrical, 1-celled, hyaline, 4–7.5 × 2–3 μm (Bai <xref rid="CIT0003" ref-type="bibr">2003</xref>, p. 45) which indicate that it belongs to <italic>Phoma</italic>.</p><p>3. <italic>Phyllosticta acetosae</italic> Saccardo, Michelia. 1: 151. 1878.</p><p>→ <italic>Asteromella</italic> sp. or <italic>Phoma</italic> sp.</p><p>Host: <italic>Rumex</italic> spp. (Rumiceae).</p><p>Distribution: Liaoning, Tibet.</p><p>Specimens: HMSAU 2718, HMSAU 2002, HMSAU 2003.</p><p>Notes: The conidia of <italic>P. acetosae</italic> were originally described as oblong or cylindrical, with 2 guttules, hyaline that measured 4–5 × 2 μm (Saccardo <xref rid="CIT0066" ref-type="bibr">1878</xref>). van der Aa and Vanev (<xref rid="CIT0092" ref-type="bibr">2002</xref>) considered that this fungus belonged to <italic>Asteromella</italic>. The Chinese specimens had ampulliform conidiogenous cells, and 1-celled, ovoid to ellipsoidal hyaline conidia round at both ends that measured 3–5 × 2–2.5 μm, with 2 guttules (Bai <xref rid="CIT0003" ref-type="bibr">2003</xref>, p. 158), which also indicate an <italic>Asteromella</italic> or small-spored <italic>Phoma</italic> species.</p><p>4. <italic>Phyllosticta acetosellae</italic> Smith & Ramsbottom, Trans. Brit. Myc. Soc. 4 (1): 173. 1912 [1913].</p><p>→ <italic>Phoma acetosellae</italic> (A.L. Sm. & Ramsb.) van der Aa & Boerema.</p><p>Host: <italic>Rumex</italic> spp. (Rumiceae).</p><p>Distribution: Liaoning, Jilin, Tibet.</p><p>Specimens: HMSAU 1177, HMSAU 406, HMSAU 2685.</p><p>Notes: The Chinese specimens had conidia that are cylindrical, sometimes irregular, 1-celled, hyaline, biguttulate, 6–10 × 2–4 μm (Bai <xref rid="CIT0003" ref-type="bibr">2003</xref>, p. 159) and matched the description of <italic>Phoma acetosellae</italic> (van der Aa et al. <xref rid="CIT0092" ref-type="bibr">2002</xref>).</p><p>5. <italic>Phyllosticta aglaiae</italic> G.Z. Lu & J.K. Bai, in Yu et al., Journal of Shenyang Agricultural University, 25(2): 154, 1994.</p><p>→ <italic>Asteromella</italic> sp. or <italic>Phoma</italic> sp.</p><p>Host: <italic>Aglaia odorata</italic> (Meliaceae).</p><p>Distribution: Liaoning.</p><p>Specimen: HMSAU 2045.</p><p>Notes: When this species was first described, Yu et al. (<xref rid="CIT0104" ref-type="bibr">1994</xref>) did not provide a description, so this name is invalid. The Chinese holotype had ovoid or ellipsoidal, 1-celled, hyaline, conidia with 2 guttules that measured 2.5–5 × 1–1.5 μm, and lacked a mucilaginous sheath and an apical appendage (Bai <xref rid="CIT0003" ref-type="bibr">2003</xref>, p. 139). This species does not belong to <italic>Phyllosticta</italic> but may be an <italic>Asteromella</italic> species or very small-spored <italic>Phoma</italic> species.</p><p>6. <italic>Phyllosticta allescheri</italic> Sydow, Hedwigia, 157, 1897.</p><p>→ <italic>Phoma</italic> sp.</p><p>Hosts: <italic>Parthenocissus himalayana, Parthenocissus thunbergii</italic> (Vitaceae).</p><p>Distribution: Jilin, Sichuan.</p><p>Specimens: HMSAU 2702, HMSAU 800.</p><p>Notes: The only <italic>Phyllosticta</italic> species described from <italic>Parthenocissus</italic> is <italic>P. parthenocissisus</italic> (Zhang, Zhang, et al. <xref rid="CIT0106" ref-type="bibr">2013</xref>), which was first classified as <italic>P. ampelicida</italic>. According to Sydow’s (<xref rid="CIT0084" ref-type="bibr">1897</xref>) original description, the conidia of <italic>P. allescheri</italic> are 3–5 × 1 μm (Sydow <xref rid="CIT0084" ref-type="bibr">1897</xref>). van der Aa and Vanev (<xref rid="CIT0092" ref-type="bibr">2002</xref>) transferred <italic>P. allescheri</italic> to <italic>Asteromella allescheri</italic>. The Chinese specimens had ellipsoidal conidia that measured 3–6 × 1.5–2 μm, without mucilaginous sheaths and apical appendages (Bai <xref rid="CIT0003" ref-type="bibr">2003</xref>, p. 218). The length to width ratio is different from <italic>Asteromella allescheri</italic>. The Chinese specimens may be a small-spored <italic>Phoma</italic> species.</p><p>7. <italic>Phyllostcta amaranthi</italic> Ellis & kellerman, J. Mycol., 1: 4, 1885.</p><p>→ <italic>Phoma macrostoma</italic> var. <italic>macrostoma</italic> Mont.</p><p>Hosts: <italic>Amaranthus tetroflexus, Amaranthus viridis</italic> (Amaranthaceae).</p><p>Distribution: Liaoning, Jilin.</p><p>Specimens: HMSAU 1092, HMSAU 1093, HMSAU 343.</p><p>Notes: Two <italic>Phyllosticta</italic> species, <italic>P. amaranthi</italic> and <italic>P. atriplicis</italic>, have been described on <italic>Amaranthus.</italic> They were reclassified as <italic>Phoma macrostoma</italic> var. <italic>macrostoma</italic> (conidia subglobose, ellipsoidal to oblong, mainly asptate, 8.5–14 × 2.5–4 μm) (Boerema et al. <xref rid="CIT0009" ref-type="bibr">2004</xref>) and <italic>Ascochyta caulina</italic> (conidiogenous cells 4–7 μm diam, conidia 1–3-septate, irregularly multiguttulate, 12–27 × 3.5–7.5 μm), respectively. The Chinese specimens had elliptical, cylindrical, 1-celled, hyaline conidia with 2 guttules that measured 10–14 × 3–4 μm, without mucilaginous sheaths and apical appendages (Bai <xref rid="CIT0003" ref-type="bibr">2003</xref>, p. 48), which is most likely <italic>Phoma macrostoma</italic> var. <italic>macrostoma</italic>.</p><p>8. <italic>Phyllosticta amaryllidicola</italic> van der Aa, Studies in Mycology, 5: 27, 1973.</p><p>Host: <italic>Lycoris radiata</italic> (Amaryllidaceae).</p><p>Distribution: Yunnan.</p><p>Specimens: HMSAU 2334.</p><p>Notes: <italic>Phyllosticta amaryllidicola</italic> was mistakenly spelt as <italic>P. amaryllicola</italic> by Bai (<xref rid="CIT0003" ref-type="bibr">2003</xref>, p. 48). The description of the specimen from China (Bai <xref rid="CIT0003" ref-type="bibr">2003</xref>, p. 48) matched Aa’s description of the type specimen (van der Aa <xref rid="CIT0090" ref-type="bibr">1973</xref>).</p><p>9. <italic>Phyllosticta amaryllidis</italic> Bresadola, Hedwigia 35: 55, 1896.</p><p>→ <italic>Phoma</italic> sp.</p><p>Host: <italic>Sansevieria trifasciata</italic> (Asperagaceae).</p><p>Distribution: Yunnan.</p><p>Specimens: HMSAU 2349.</p><p>Notes: Three <italic>Phyllosticta</italic> species, <italic>P. amaryllidis, P. cycadina</italic> and <italic>P. sansevieriae</italic> were reported from <italic>Sansevieria</italic> spp. (Farr and Rossman <xref rid="CIT0030" ref-type="bibr">2012</xref><italic>).</italic> These species have been reclassified as <italic>Asteromella amaryllidis, Asterromella</italic> sp., and <italic>Phoma</italic> sp. respectively (van der Aa and Vanev <xref rid="CIT0092" ref-type="bibr">2002</xref>). In the description of the specimen of <italic>P. amaryllidis</italic> from China (Bai <xref rid="CIT0003" ref-type="bibr">2003</xref>, p. 50), the shapes and sizes of conidiogenous cells and conidia are smaller than those of <italic>Asteromella amaryllidis</italic> (van der Aa and Vanev <xref rid="CIT0092" ref-type="bibr">2002</xref>). The conidial size of the Chinese specimen is 3.5–4 × 1–1.5 μm (Bai <xref rid="CIT0003" ref-type="bibr">2003</xref>, p. 50), and matches <italic>P. sansevieriae</italic>, which has been reclassified as a <italic>Phoma</italic> species (Batista <xref rid="CIT0005" ref-type="bibr">1952</xref>; van der Aa and Vanev <xref rid="CIT0092" ref-type="bibr">2002</xref>). Both <italic>P. amaryllidis</italic> and <italic>P. sansevieriae</italic> maybe small-spored <italic>Phoma</italic> species, because they lack a mucilaginous sheath and an apical appendage.</p><p>10. <italic>Phyllosticta ambrosioidis</italic> Thümen, Contr. Myc. Lusit., 592, 1878.</p><p>→ <italic>Asteromella</italic> sp. or <italic>Phoma</italic> sp.</p><p>Host: <italic>Chenopodium album</italic> (Atripliceae).</p><p>Distribution: Heilongjiang, Jilin, Tibet.</p><p>Specimens: HMSAU 57, HMSAU 1317, HMSAU 2666.</p><p>Notes: The Chinese specimens had conidiogenous cells that are flask-shaped, 1-celled, hyaline, and conidia that are ovoid, ellipsoidal, 1-celled, hyaline, 3–5 × 1–1.5 μm, without mucilaginous sheaths and apical appendages (Bai <xref rid="CIT0003" ref-type="bibr">2003</xref>, p. 71). This species may be a small-spored <italic>Phoma</italic> or <italic>Asteromella</italic> species.</p><p>11. <italic>Phyllosticta anacardiacearum</italic> van der Aa, Studies in Mycology, 5: 31, 1973.</p><p>→ <italic>Phyllosticta capitalensis</italic> Henn.</p><p>Host: <italic>Elaeocarpus glabripetalus</italic> (Elaeocarpaceae).</p><p>Distribution: Zhejiang.</p><p>Specimen: <italic>Elaeocarpus glabripetalus</italic>, Hangzhou, Zhejiang.</p><p>Notes: Lou et al. (<xref rid="CIT0044" ref-type="bibr">2009</xref>) reported leaf blight of <italic>Elaeocarpus glabripetalus</italic> in Zhejiang, China. The pathogen was identified as <italic>P. anacardiacearum</italic>, based on morphology and ITS sequence data (EU821356–EU821361). The ITS sequences of this record EU821356 was identical to the ITS sequence (JF261465) of the epitye strain of <italic>Phyllosticta capitalensis</italic> (CPC18848) (Bai <xref rid="CIT0003" ref-type="bibr">2003</xref>; Glienke et al. <xref rid="CIT0031" ref-type="bibr">2011</xref>). The conidial size of the Chinese specimen (10–13 × 6–8 μm) agree with the description given by Glienke et al. <xref rid="CIT0031" ref-type="bibr">2011</xref>) for <italic>P. capitalensis</italic> (11–12 × 6–7 μm).</p><p>12. <italic>Phyllosticta angelicae</italic> Saccardo, Michelia, 2: 620, 1880.</p><p>→ <italic>Asteromella</italic> sp.</p><p>Host: <italic>Angelica dahurica</italic> (Apiaceae).</p><p>Distribution: Liaoning.</p><p>Specimen: HMSAU 1527.</p><p>Notes: The current name of <italic>P. angelicae</italic> is <italic>Asteromella angelicae</italic> (Sacc.) Moesz ex Bat. & Peres (Batista and Peres <xref rid="CIT0004" ref-type="bibr">1961</xref>). The morphology of the Chinese specimen (Bai <xref rid="CIT0003" ref-type="bibr">2003</xref>, p. 215) indicates an <italic>Asteromella</italic> species, i.e. branched conidiophores, conidiogenous cells ampulliform, hyaline, 3–6 × 1.5–2 μm, conidia ellipsoidal, round at both ends, 1-celled, hyaline, with one guttule, 3–5 × 1.5–2 μm.</p><p>13. <italic>Phyllosticta annonae</italic> Henn. Hedwiga, 41: 104, 1902.</p><p>→ <italic>Phoma</italic> sp.</p><p>Host: <italic>Annona squamosa</italic> (Annonaceae).</p><p>Distribution: Yunnan.</p><p>Specimen: HMSAU 2335.</p><p>Notes: This species has been reclassified in <italic>Phoma</italic> which produce ellipsoid or ovoid conidia measuring 5.7–8.1 × 2. 6–3.2 μm (van der Aa and Vanev <xref rid="CIT0092" ref-type="bibr">2002</xref>). The conidia of specimen from China were smaller than those of <italic>Phyllosticta annonae</italic> (3–4 × 1.5–2 μm vs. 5.7–8.1 × 2. 6–3.2 μm) (Bai <xref rid="CIT0003" ref-type="bibr">2003</xref>, p. 51). This indicates that it is a small-spored <italic>Phoma</italic> species.</p><p>14. <italic>Phyllosticta apii</italic> Halsted, Rep. New. Jers. Agric. St., 253, 1891.</p><p>→ <italic>Phoma</italic> sp.</p><p>Host: <italic>Saposhnikovia divaricata</italic> (Apiaceae).</p><p>Distribution: Liaoning.</p><p>Specimen: HMSAU 2350.</p><p>Notes: Bai (<xref rid="CIT0003" ref-type="bibr">2003</xref>, p. 216) described specimens from China as conidiogenous cells ampulliform, 1-celled, hyaline, 5–8 × 2–3 μm, conidia oblong or long-fusiform, 1-celled, hyaline, 7–9 × 2–3.5 μm. As the conidia lacked a mucilaginous sheath and an apical appendage, this species most likely represents a <italic>Phoma</italic> species.</p><p>15. <italic>Phyllosticta apocyni</italic> Ellis & Martius, New North Am. Fungi in Am. Nat. Dec., p. 1264, 1884.</p><p>→ <italic>Phyllosticta apocyni-androsaemifolii</italic> Bubák & Dearness</p><p>Host: <italic>Ecdysanthera rosea</italic> (Apocynaceae).</p><p>Distribution: Yunnan.</p><p>Specimen: HMSAU 2340.</p><p>Notes: The specimens from China had conical conidiogenous cells, 3–6 × 2–4 μm; conidia globose or subglobose, 1-celled, 10–12 × 7–8 μm, with a mucilaginous sheath and an apical appendage, 5–13 μm long (Bai <xref rid="CIT0003" ref-type="bibr">2003</xref>, p. 53). This is in accordance with the description of <italic>P. apocyni-androsaemifolii</italic>, which is a synonym of <italic>Phyllosticta apocyni</italic> Ellis & Martius (van der Aa and Vanev <xref rid="CIT0092" ref-type="bibr">2002</xref>).</p><p>16. <italic>Phyllosticta arecae</italic> Höhnel, Sber. Akad. Wiss. Wien math. Naturw Kl., 1, 121; 385, 1912.</p><p>Host: <italic>Areca catechu</italic> (Areceae).</p><p>Distribution: Hainnan.</p><p>Specimen: HMSAU 2216.</p><p>Notes: The Chinese specimen (Bai <xref rid="CIT0003" ref-type="bibr">2003</xref>, p. 153) is typical <italic>P. arecae</italic> based on the similarity of the leaf spots (pale brown, with broad darker brown margin), pycnidia (globose or subglobose, 65–100 μm in diameter), conidiogenous cells (conical, 7.5–10 × 5–6 μm), and conidia (ovoidal, ellipsoidal or cylindrical, with guttules, 6–12.5 × 5–7 μm) with the original description (Höhnel <xref rid="CIT0036" ref-type="bibr">1912</xref>).</p><p>17. <italic>Phyllosticta argyrea</italic> Spegazzini, Fung. Arg. Pug., 2: 121. 1880.</p><p>→ <italic>Phoma</italic> sp.</p><p>Host: <italic>Elaeagnus umbellata</italic> (Elaeagnaceae).</p><p>Distribution: Henan, Liaoning, Shandong, Zhejiang.</p><p>Specimen: HMSAU 2000.</p><p>Notes: The conidia of Chinese specimen are longer than <italic>Phyllosticta argyrea</italic> (ovoid, acute at one or both ends, 1-celled, hyaline, 5–8 × 1.5–2 μm), and lack a mucilaginous sheath and an apical appendage (Bai <xref rid="CIT0003" ref-type="bibr">2003</xref>, p. 86), which indicates that it belongs to <italic>Phoma</italic>.</p><p>18. <italic>Phyllosticta arida</italic> Earle, Torr. Bot. Cl, 367, 1898.</p><p>→ <italic>Phyllosticta minima</italic> (Berkeley & M.A. Curtis) Underwood & Earle</p><p>Host: <italic>Acer cinnamomifolium</italic> (Aceraceae).</p><p>Distribution: Hainan, Jilin.</p><p>Specimens: HMSAU 2618.</p><p>Notes: <italic>P. arida</italic> is a synonym of <italic>P. minima</italic> (van der Aa and Vanev <xref rid="CIT0092" ref-type="bibr">2002</xref>). Based on the the conidial size and presence of a mucilaginous sheath, as well as host species, the Chinese specimen (Bai <xref rid="CIT0003" ref-type="bibr">2003</xref>, p. 47) is in accordance with <italic>P. minima</italic> (van der Aa <xref rid="CIT0090" ref-type="bibr">1973</xref>).</p><p>19. <italic>Phyllosticta astragalicola</italic> Massalongo, Bot. Centr., 26: 386, 1890.</p><p>→ <italic>Asteromella</italic> sp.</p><p>Host: <italic>Astragalus tibetanus</italic> (Fabaceae).</p><p>Distribution: Xinjiang.</p><p>Specimen: HMSAU 2223.</p><p>Notes: Two species of <italic>Phyllosticta, P. astragali</italic> and <italic>P. astragalicola</italic>, have been described from <italic>Astragalus</italic> spp. These two species have conidial sizes of 13–16 × 3 μm and 3–4 × 1–1.5 μm, respectively (Saccardo <xref rid="CIT0067" ref-type="bibr">1884</xref>, <xref rid="CIT0069" ref-type="bibr">1892</xref>), and each lack a mucilaginous sheath and an apical appendage, which thus do not belong to <italic>Phyllosticta</italic>. The Chinese specimen had conidia that are ellipsoidal or bacilliform, 4–6 × 1–1.5 μm (Bai <xref rid="CIT0003" ref-type="bibr">2003</xref>, p. 115), which is longer than the original description of <italic>P. astragalicola</italic>. The Chinese specimen is likely an <italic>Asteromella</italic> species.</p><p>20. <italic>Phyllosticta atractyli</italic> (Sicard) Koval, Jour. Bot. Acad. Sci. Ukr., 18(2): 75, 1961.</p><p>→ <italic>Phoma</italic> sp.</p><p>Host: <italic>Atractylodes japonica</italic> (Asteraceae).</p><p>Distribution: Liaoning.</p><p>Specimen: HMSAU 2336.</p><p>Notes: The conidia of the Chinese specimen (Bai <xref rid="CIT0003" ref-type="bibr">2003</xref>, p. 76) were longer than <italic>Phyllosticta atractyli</italic> (6–8 × 2–2.5 μm vs. 4–5 × 2–2.5 μm) (van der Aa and Vanev <xref rid="CIT0092" ref-type="bibr">2002</xref>) and also lacked a mucilaginous sheath and an apical appendage. It may represent a <italic>Phoma</italic> species.</p><p>21. <italic>Phyllosticta bauhiniae</italic> Cooke, Grevillea., 12: 26, 1883.</p><p>→ <italic>Phoma</italic> sp.</p><p>Host: <italic>Bauhinia variegata</italic> (Fabaceae).</p><p>Distribution: Yunnan.</p><p>Specimens: HMSAU 2338, HMSAU 2339.</p><p>Notes: The only known species described from <italic>Bauhinia</italic> spp. is <italic>P. capitalensis. Phyllosticta bauhinicola</italic> described from <italic>Bauhinia</italic> sp. was considered to represent <italic>Phoma macrostoma</italic> var. <italic>macrostoma</italic> (van der Aa and Vanev <xref rid="CIT0092" ref-type="bibr">2002</xref>), with conidia ovoidal or short cylindrical, 3–8.5 × 1.2–3.6 μm. The morphology of <italic>P. bauhiniae</italic> in the original description is similar to <italic>P. bauhinicola</italic> (conidia ellipsoidal, 7.5 × 2 μm) (Cooke <xref rid="CIT0018" ref-type="bibr">1883</xref>). The Chinese specimens had conidia size of 5–7 × 1.5–2 μm (Bai <xref rid="CIT0003" ref-type="bibr">2003</xref>, p. 116) and represent a <italic>Phoma</italic> species.</p><p>22. <italic>Phyllosticta boussingaultiae</italic> Spegazzini, Fg. Agr. novi v. Crit., 312, 1899.</p><p>→ <italic>Phoma</italic> sp.</p><p>Host: <italic>Basella rubra</italic> (Basellaceae).</p><p>Distribution: Yunan.</p><p>Specimen: HMSAU 2337.</p><p>Notes: The Chinese record is the only known report of <italic>Phyllosticta</italic> species from <italic>Basella</italic>. The morphological description (Bai <xref rid="CIT0003" ref-type="bibr">2003</xref>, p. 58) indicated that it is a <italic>Phoma</italic> species with small, ellipsoidal to ovoid conidia. Several <italic>Phoma</italic> species have been reported from <italic>Basella</italic> spp., including <italic>Phoma albae</italic> and <italic>Phoma exigua</italic>, the later has subsequently been reclassified as <italic>Boeremia exigua</italic> var. <italic>exigua</italic> (Aveskamp et al. <xref rid="CIT0001" ref-type="bibr">2010</xref>).</p><p>23. <italic>Phyllosticta bejeirinckii</italic> Vuillemin, Journ. de Bot., 2: 255, <xref rid="CIT0093" ref-type="bibr">1888</xref>.</p><p>→ <italic>Phoma</italic> sp.</p><p>Host: <italic>Prunus mume</italic> (Rosaceae).</p><p>Distribution: Guangdong.</p><p>Specimen: HMSAU 2218.</p><p>Notes: <italic>Phyllosticta beijerinckii</italic> has conidia that are ellipsoidal, hyaline, 6 × 5 μm. The conidia of the Chinese specimen (Bai <xref rid="CIT0003" ref-type="bibr">2003</xref>, p. 179) are longer (7.5–10 × 5–6 μm) than those of <italic>P. beijerinckii</italic>, and lack a mucilaginous sheath and an apical appendage. This may be a large-spored <italic>Phoma</italic> species.</p><p>24. <italic>Phyllosticta berberidis</italic> Rabenhorst, Herb. Myc. N., 1865, 1860.</p><p>→ <italic>Phoma</italic> sp.</p><p>Host: <italic>Mahonia bealei</italic> (Berberidaceae).</p><p>Distribution: Jilin.</p><p>Specimen: HMSAU 1168.</p><p>Notes: The conidia of <italic>P. berberidis</italic> reported from China are 1-celled, ellipsoidal or cylindrical, 5–6 × 2–3 μm and lack a mucilaginous sheath and an apical appendage (Bai <xref rid="CIT0003" ref-type="bibr">2003</xref>, p. 59). <italic>Phyllosticta berberidis</italic> has been reclassified as <italic>Phoma macrostoma</italic> var. <italic>macrostoma</italic> (van der Aa and Vanev <xref rid="CIT0092" ref-type="bibr">2002</xref>). However, the conidia of <italic>Phoma macrostoma</italic> var. <italic>macrostoma</italic> are 0–3–septate, variable in shape, 5–14 × 2.5–4 μm. The Chinese specimen represents another <italic>Phoma</italic> species with small conidia.</p><p>25. <italic>Phyllosticta brassicae</italic> (Currey) Westendorp, Bull. Brux. 397, 1851.</p><p>→ <italic>Phoma lingam</italic> (Tode) Desm.</p><p>Host: <italic>Brassica oleracea</italic> (Brassicaceae).</p><p>Distribution: Hebei, Jilin, Sichuan.</p><p>Specimen: HMSAU 702.</p><p>Notes: In the original description of <italic>Phyllosticta brassicae</italic> (Westendorp <xref rid="CIT0096" ref-type="bibr">1851</xref>), the conidial size was not given and this species has since been reclassified as <italic>Phoma lingam</italic> (van der Aa and Vanev <xref rid="CIT0092" ref-type="bibr">2002</xref>; Boerema et al. <xref rid="CIT0009" ref-type="bibr">2004</xref>). Boerema et al. (<xref rid="CIT0009" ref-type="bibr">2004</xref>) considered <italic>Phoma lingam</italic> had ellipsoidal or sub-ellipsoidal conidia, with 2 polar guttules, and measured 3.5–4.5 × 1–1.5 μm. In Bai’s (<xref rid="CIT0003" ref-type="bibr">2003</xref>, p. 82) Chinese record, the fungus was parasitic on leaves of <italic>Brassica</italic> spp., with ampulliform, 1-celled and hyaline conidiogenous cells, and ellipsoidal, hyaline, 1-celled, conidia that measured 3–5 × 1.5–2 μm. The characters are in accordance with <italic>Phoma lingam</italic>.</p><p>26. <italic>Phyllosticta camelliae</italic> Kickx, Flor. Crypt. Flandr, 1–490, 1867.</p><p>→ <italic>Phoma</italic> sp.</p><p>Host: <italic>Camellia sinensis</italic> (Theaceae).</p><p>Distribution: Anhui, Sichuan.</p><p>Specimens: HMSAU 2251, HMSAU 2633.</p><p>Notes: <italic>Phyllosticta camelliae</italic> has been synonymized with <italic>Phomopsis theae</italic> by van der Aa and Vanev (<xref rid="CIT0092" ref-type="bibr">2002</xref>), which produces conidia ellipsoidal, fusiform, 1-celled, hyaline, with 2 guttules, 6–9 × 2–3 μm. The Chinese specimens had short conidia, (ellipsoidal, round at both ends, 1-celled, hyaline, with 2 guttules, 4–6 × 2–2.5 μm) and the short unbranched conidiogenous cells (ampulliform, 1-celled, hyaline 5–7.5 × 4–5 μm) (Bai <xref rid="CIT0003" ref-type="bibr">2003</xref>, p. 207). This indicates that this specimen belong to a <italic>Phoma</italic> species.</p><p>27. <italic>Phyllosticta cannabis</italic> (L.A. Kirchner) Spegazzini, Nov. Add. n. 150, 1875.</p><p>→ <italic>Phoma cannabis</italic> (L.A. Kirchn.) McPartl.</p><p>Host: <italic>Cannabis sativa</italic> (Cannabaceae).</p><p>Distribution: Jilin, Liaoning.</p><p>Specimens: HMSAU 707, HMSAU 1849, HMSAU 478.</p><p>Notes: <italic>Phyllosticta cannabis</italic> has been synonymized with <italic>Phoma cannabis</italic> (L.A. Kirchner) McPartland (<xref rid="CIT0048" ref-type="bibr">1994</xref>). The host and morphology of the Chinese specimens (Bai <xref rid="CIT0003" ref-type="bibr">2003</xref>, p. 140) are in accordance with the original description (McPartland <xref rid="CIT0048" ref-type="bibr">1994</xref>).</p><p>28. <italic>Phyllosticta capitalensis</italic> Henn. Hedwigia, 48: 13, 1908.</p><p>Hosts: <italic>Citrus</italic> spp. (Rutaceae), <italic>Annona squamosa</italic> (Annonaceae), <italic>Thea sinensis</italic> (Theaceae), <italic>Dracaena cambodiana</italic> (Asparagaceae), <italic>Aquilaria sinensis</italic> (Thymelaeaceae), <italic>Musa</italic> sp. (Musaceae).</p><p>Distribution: Chongqing, Guizhou, Fujian, Zhejiang, Shandong, Yunnan.</p><p>Specimens: GZAAS 6.1201, GZAAS 6.1242, GZAAS 6.1202.</p><p>Notes: <italic>P. capitalensis</italic> is an endophyte with wide geographic distribution and range of hosts (Baayen et al. <xref rid="CIT0002" ref-type="bibr">2002</xref>; Glienke et al. <xref rid="CIT0031" ref-type="bibr">2011</xref>). Based on the ITS sequence of epitype designated by Glienke et al. (<xref rid="CIT0031" ref-type="bibr">2011</xref>) and recent reports (Lou et al. <xref rid="CIT0044" ref-type="bibr">2009</xref>; Lin et al. <xref rid="CIT0042" ref-type="bibr">2010</xref>; Jin <xref rid="CIT0039" ref-type="bibr">2011</xref>; Xing et al. <xref rid="CIT0102" ref-type="bibr">2011</xref>; Wang et al. <xref rid="CIT0094" ref-type="bibr">2012</xref>; Wu et al. <xref rid="CIT0099" ref-type="bibr">2014</xref>), <italic>P. capitalensis</italic> is widely distributed in China.</p><p>29. <italic>Phyllosticta caprifolii</italic> (Opiz) Saccardo, Micheia, 1: 137, 1878.</p><p>→ <italic>Phoma</italic> sp.</p><p>Host: <italic>Lonicera praeflorens</italic> (Caprifoliaceae).</p><p>Distribution: Liaoning.</p><p>Specimen: HMSAU 1528.</p><p>Notes: Other than the record by Bai (<xref rid="CIT0003" ref-type="bibr">2003</xref>, p. 64), species of <italic>Phyllosticta</italic> have not been recorded on <italic>Lonicera</italic> spp. The specimen from China produced 1-celled ovoid conidia that measured 4–6 × 2–3.5 μm. It is likely a <italic>Phoma</italic> species.</p><p>30. <italic>Phyllosticta capsici</italic> Spegazzini, Fg. Arg. Novi. V. Crit., 314, 1899.</p><p>→ <italic>Phoma</italic> sp.</p><p>Host: <italic>Capsicum annuum</italic> (Capsiceae).</p><p>Distribution: Jilin, Tibet.</p><p>Specimens: HMSAU 636, HMSAU 2765.</p><p>Notes: The conidia of specimen from China (Bai <xref rid="CIT0003" ref-type="bibr">2003</xref>, p. 204) are smaller (4–6 × 1.5–2.5 μm) than <italic>Phyllosticta capsici</italic> (7–8 × 3.5–4 μm) (Saccardo <xref rid="CIT0073" ref-type="bibr">1902</xref>). The Chinese specimens had conidia that lacked a mucilaginous sheath and an apical appendage, which indicates a <italic>Phoma</italic> species.</p><p>31. <italic>Phyllosticta caraganae</italic> Sydow, Hedwigia, 134, 1899.</p><p>→ <italic>Phoma macrostoma</italic> Mont.</p><p>Host: <italic>Caragana microphylla</italic> (Fabaceae).</p><p>Distribution: Inner Mongolia.</p><p>Specimen: HMSAU 2255.</p><p>Notes: <italic>Phyllosticta caraganae</italic> has long-oval conidia that measured 5–7 × 2–2.5 μm (Sydow <xref rid="CIT0085" ref-type="bibr">1899</xref>). van der Aa and Vanev (<xref rid="CIT0092" ref-type="bibr">2002</xref>) considered that this species was <italic>Phoma macrostoma</italic>. The morphology of Chinese specimens (Bai <xref rid="CIT0003" ref-type="bibr">2003</xref>, p. 118) matches the original descriptions of <italic>Phoma macrostoma</italic> (Montagne <xref rid="CIT0050" ref-type="bibr">1849</xref>).</p><p>32. <italic>Phyllosticta carochlae</italic> N. Zhou et al. Fungal Biol. X: X, 2015.</p><p>Host: <italic>Caryota ochlandra</italic> (Palmae).</p><p>Distribution: Fujian.</p><p>Specimens: HMAS 245578, CGMCC 3.17317, CGMCC 3.17318.</p><p>Note: This is an accepted <italic>Phyllosticta</italic> species with typical morphology and well inferred phylogenetic relationships (Zhou et al. <xref rid="CIT0107" ref-type="bibr">2015</xref>).</p><p>33. <italic>Phyllosticta castaneae</italic> Ellis & Everhart, Proc. Acad. Phil., 2357, 1894.</p><p>→ <italic>Phomopsis</italic> sp.</p><p>Hosts: <italic>Castanea mollissima</italic> (Fagaceae), <italic>Castanopsis sclerophylla</italic> (Fagaceae), <italic>Lithocarpus</italic> sp. (Fagaceae).</p><p>Distribution: Anhui, Hainan, Jilin.</p><p>Specimens: HMSAU 1127, HMSAU 2659, HMSAU 2647.</p><p>Notes: The conidia of <italic>P. castaneae</italic> are hyaline, 6–8 × 2.5–3 μm (Ellis and Everhart <xref rid="CIT0028" ref-type="bibr">1894</xref>; Saccardo <xref rid="CIT0070" ref-type="bibr">1895</xref>). However, van der Aa and Vanev (<xref rid="CIT0092" ref-type="bibr">2002</xref>) observed poorly developed <italic>Phomopsis</italic> species on the holotype. The morphological characters of the Chinese specimens also point to a <italic>Phomopsis</italic> species with conidiogenous cells ampulliform, 1-celled, hyaline, 5–12 × 4–6 μm, and conidia oval, cylindrical, fusiform, 1-celled, hyaline, 6–8 × 2.5–3 μm (Bai <xref rid="CIT0003" ref-type="bibr">2003</xref>, p. 97).</p><p>34. <italic>Phyllosticta celticola</italic> Bubák & Kabák, Ann. Myc., 5: 42, 1907.</p><p>→ <italic>Phoma macrostoma</italic> var. <italic>macrostoma</italic> Mont.</p><p>Host: <italic>Celtis bungeana</italic> (Cannabaceae).</p><p>Distribution: Liaoning.</p><p>Specimen: HMSAU 2037.</p><p>Notes: <italic>Phyllosticta celtidicola</italic> was erroneously spelt as <italic>P. celticola</italic> by Bai (<xref rid="CIT0003" ref-type="bibr">2003</xref>, p. 211). <italic>Phyllosticta celtidicola</italic> has been considered a synonym of <italic>Phoma macrostoma</italic> var. <italic>macrostoma</italic> (Gruyter et al. <xref rid="CIT0032" ref-type="bibr">2002</xref>).</p><p>35. <italic>Phyllosticta chaenomelesicola</italic> L. Yu & J. K. Bai, Acta Mycol. Sin. 14(3): 192, 1995.</p><p>→ <italic>Phoma</italic> sp.</p><p>Host: <italic>Chaenomeles speciosa</italic> (Rosaceae).</p><p>Distribution: Liaoning.</p><p>Specimen: HMSAU 1981 (holotype).</p><p>Notes: According to the morphological description of the type material, this species has holoblastic, 1-celled, hyaline conidiogenous cells, and ovoid, cylindrical, 1-celled, hyaline conidia that measure 8–11 × 5–6 μm (Bai <xref rid="CIT0003" ref-type="bibr">2003</xref>, p. 171), which is more typical for a <italic>Phoma</italic> species.</p><p>36. <italic>Phyllosticta chrysanthemi</italic> Ellis & Dearness, Canad. Rec. Sc., 268, 1893.</p><p>→ <italic>Phoma</italic> sp.</p><p>Host: <italic>Dendranthema morifolium</italic> (Asteraceae).</p><p>Distribution: Guangdong.</p><p>Specimen: HMSAU 2204.</p><p>Notes: The pycnidia of the type material of <italic>Phyllosticta chrysanthemi</italic> contained brown ovoid to ellipsoidal conidia that measured 4–5 × 2.5–3 μm (Saccardo <xref rid="CIT0070" ref-type="bibr">1895</xref>; van der Aa and Vanev <xref rid="CIT0092" ref-type="bibr">2002</xref>). This could be a <italic>Microsphaeropsis</italic> species. The conidia of the specimen from China were hyaline, ellipsoidal, oval, 4–6 × 2–2.5 μm, without mucilaginous sheaths and apical appendages (Bai <xref rid="CIT0003" ref-type="bibr">2003</xref>, p. 77), which indicates a <italic>Phoma</italic> sp.</p><p>37. <italic>Phyllosticta cirsii</italic> Desmazières, Ann. S. N., 31, 1847.</p><p>→ <italic>Phoma</italic> sp.</p><p>Host: <italic>Cirsium</italic> sp. (Asteraceae).</p><p>Distribution: Liaoning.</p><p>Specimen: HMSAU 1992.</p><p>Notes: This is a <italic>Phoma</italic> species with 1-celled, hyaline, ovoid, ellipsoidal conidia that measured 3–5 × 2–2.5 μm (Bai <xref rid="CIT0003" ref-type="bibr">2003</xref>, p. 73).</p><p>38. <italic>Phyllosticta citriasiana</italic> Wulandari, Crous & Gruyter, Fungal Diversity, 34: 23, 2009.</p><p>Host: <italic>Citrus maxima</italic> (Rutaceae).</p><p>Distribution: Fujian, Guangdong.</p><p>Specimens: ZJUCC 200901, ZJUCC 200914.</p><p>Notes: Wang et al. (<xref rid="CIT0094" ref-type="bibr">2012</xref>) investigated <italic>Phyllosticta</italic> species associated with <italic>Citrus</italic> spp. in China and identified three species, <italic>P. citriasiana, P. citricarpa</italic> and <italic>P. citrichinaensis</italic>. These three taxa are true <italic>Phyllosticta</italic> spp. with typical morphology and confirmed phylogenetic placement (ITS GenBank number: JN791637, JN791597, JN791644).</p><p>39. <italic>Phyllosticta citricarpa</italic> (McAlpine) van der Aa, Stud. Mycol., 5: 40, 1973.</p><p>Hosts: <italic>Citrus reticulata, Citrus sinensis</italic> (Rutaceae).</p><p>Distribution: Chongqing, Jiangxi, Zhejiang.</p><p>Specimens: ZJUCC 200968, ZJUCC 200946, ZJUCC 200928.</p><p>References: Wang et al. (<xref rid="CIT0094" ref-type="bibr">2012</xref>). Fungal diversity, 52, pp. 209–224.</p><p>Note: See notes under <italic>Phyllosticta citriasiana</italic>.</p><p>40. <italic>Phyllosticta citrichinaensis</italic> X.H. Wang, K.D. Hyde & H.Y. Li, Fungal Diversity, 52: 209, 2012.</p><p>Host: <italic>Citrus maxima</italic> (Rutaceae).</p><p>Distribution: Guangdong.</p><p>Specimen: ZJU 201006 (holotype).</p><p>References: Wang et al. (<xref rid="CIT0094" ref-type="bibr">2012</xref>). Fungal diversity, 52, pp. 209–224.</p><p>Note: See notes under <italic>Phyllosticta citriasiana</italic>.</p><p>41. <italic>Phyllosticta clematidis</italic> Ellis & Dearness, New Spec. Canad. Fung. In Canad. Rec. Sc., 268, 1893.</p><p>→ <italic>Phoma clematidina</italic> (Thüm.) Boerema</p><p>Host: <italic>Clematis heraeleifolia</italic> (Ranunculaceae).</p><p>Distribution: Sichuan, Hainan.</p><p>Specimens: HMSAU 2643, HMSAU 2708.</p><p>Notes: <italic>P. clematidicola</italic> Brunad, <italic>P. clematidis</italic> Brunad and <italic>P. clematidi</italic>s have been described from <italic>Clematis</italic> spp. All have been reclassified as <italic>Phoma clematidina</italic> (van der Aa and Vanev <xref rid="CIT0092" ref-type="bibr">2002</xref>). The description of the Chinese specimens (Bai <xref rid="CIT0003" ref-type="bibr">2003</xref>, p. 164) matches the description of <italic>Phoma clematidina</italic> (Saccardo <xref rid="CIT0070" ref-type="bibr">1895</xref>, <xref rid="CIT0072" ref-type="bibr">1899</xref>).</p><p>42. <italic>Phyllosticta cocos</italic> Cooke, <italic>Grevillea</italic> 8: 94, 1880.</p><p>→ <italic>Phomopsis cocoina</italic> (Cooke) Punith.</p><p>Host: <italic>Rhapis excelsa</italic> (Arecaceae).</p><p>Distribution: Jilin.</p><p>Specimen: HMSAU 2658.</p><p>Notes: Punithalingam (<xref rid="CIT0061" ref-type="bibr">1975</xref>) examined the types of <italic>Phoma cocoina</italic> Cooke, <italic>Phyllosticta cocos</italic> and <italic>Phomopsis cocoes</italic> Petch, and combined them into <italic>Phomopsis cocoina</italic> (Cooke) Punith. In the original description, the conidia of <italic>Phomopsis cocoina</italic> are ellipsoidal and 8 μm long. The conidia of the specimen from China are fusiform or ellipsoidal, 6–7.5 × 2–2.5 μm (Bai <xref rid="CIT0003" ref-type="bibr">2003</xref>, p. 155), which is in general accordance with <italic>Phomopsis cocoina</italic>.</p><p>43. <italic>Phyllosticta coffeicola</italic> Speg., Revta. Fac. Agron. Univ. nac. La Plata, 2: 345, 1896.</p><p>→ <italic>Phoma</italic> sp.</p><p>Host: <italic>Coffea ababica</italic> (Rubiaceae).</p><p>Distribution: Hainan.</p><p>Specimen: HMSAU 2214.</p><p>Notes: The Chinese specimen (Bai <xref rid="CIT0003" ref-type="bibr">2003</xref>, p. 191) had conidiogenous cells ampulliform, 1-celled, hyaline, 3–5 × 3–4 μm, conidia ellipsoidal or oval, 1-celled, hyaline, 3–4 × 1.5–2 μm, without mucilaginous sheaths and apical appendages. This specimen may be a small-spored <italic>Phoma</italic> species.</p><p>44. <italic>Phyllosticta commelinicola</italic> Young, Mycologia, 7: 144, <xref rid="CIT0103" ref-type="bibr">1915</xref>.</p><p>→ <italic>Phoma</italic> sp.</p><p>Host: <italic>Commelina communis</italic> (Commelinaceae).</p><p>Distribution: Liaoning.</p><p>Specimens: HMSAU 456, HMSAU 1847, HMSAU 2068.</p><p>Notes: The conidial size of the specimen from China was similar to that in the original description of <italic>P. commelinicola</italic> (8–17 × 3–5 μm vs. 9.6–14.4 × 4.8–7.2 μm) (Young <xref rid="CIT0103" ref-type="bibr">1915</xref>). However, the conidial shape is cylindrical rather than ovoid in the original description. The description of the Chinese specimens (Bai <xref rid="CIT0003" ref-type="bibr">2003</xref>, p. 72) also indicated that the conidia were medianly constricted, which may represents a large-spored <italic>Phoma</italic> sp. because the conidia lack a mucilaginous sheath and an apical appendage.</p><p>45. <italic>Phyllosticta commonsii</italic> Ellis & Everhart, Jour. Myc., 146, 1889.</p><p>→ <italic>Phoma</italic> sp.</p><p>Hosts: <italic>Paeonia lactiflora, Paeonia suffruticosa</italic> (Paeoniaceae).</p><p>Distribution: Jilin.</p><p>Specimens: HMSAU 918, HMSAU 980.</p><p>Notes: Ellis and Everhart (<xref rid="CIT0025" ref-type="bibr">1889</xref>) described the conidia of <italic>P. commonsii</italic> as oblong or ellipsoidal, smoky hyaline, 4–5 × 2–2.5 μm. Examination of type specimen showed two fungi present, i.e. <italic>Microsphaeropsis</italic>-like species with pigmented conidia, as well as <italic>Phoma exigua</italic> (van der Aa and Vanev <xref rid="CIT0092" ref-type="bibr">2002</xref>). The Chinese specimens had conidiogenous cells ampulliform, 1-celled, hyaline, 4–6 × 1.5–2.5 μm, and conidia measured 4–7.5 × 2–2.5 μm, which indicates a <italic>Phoma</italic> species (Bai <xref rid="CIT0003" ref-type="bibr">2003</xref>, p. 164).</p><p>46. <italic>Phyllosticta convallaricola</italic> L. Yu & J. K. Bai, Acta Mycologica Sinica, 14(3): 193, 1995.</p><p>→ <italic>Phoma</italic> sp.</p><p>Host: <italic>Convallaria keisei</italic> (Asparagaceae).</p><p>Distribution: Jilin.</p><p>Specimen: HMSAU 995.</p><p>Note: <italic>Phyllosticta convallaricola</italic> has been considered a small-spored <italic>Phoma</italic> sp. by van der Aa and Vanev (<xref rid="CIT0092" ref-type="bibr">2002</xref>).</p><p>47. <italic>Phyllosticta coriariicola</italic> Spegazzini, Fungi Chilenses, 138, 1910.</p><p>→ <italic>Asteromella</italic> sp.</p><p>Host: <italic>Coriaria sinica</italic> (Coriariaceae).</p><p>Distribution: Sichuan.</p><p>Specimen: HMSAU 2728.</p><p>Note: The Chinese specimen had bacilliform, 1-celled conidia (Bai <xref rid="CIT0003" ref-type="bibr">2003</xref>, p. 125), indicating an <italic>Asteromella</italic> species.</p><p>48. <italic>Phyllosticta coryli</italic> Westendorp, Bull. Acad. Roy. Belg., 19: 9, 1851.</p><p>→ <italic>Boeremia exigua</italic> (Desm.) Aveskamp, Gruyter & Verkley.</p><p>Host: <italic>Corylus heterophylla</italic> (Betulaceae).</p><p>Distribution: Jilin.</p><p>Specimen: HMSAU 1129.</p><p>Notes: <italic>Phyllosticta coryli</italic> has been reclassified as <italic>Boeremia exigua</italic> (van der Aa and Vanev <xref rid="CIT0092" ref-type="bibr">2002</xref>). The Chinese specimen had hyaline, ellipsoidal, conidia that measured 4–6.5 × 2–3 μm (Bai <xref rid="CIT0003" ref-type="bibr">2003</xref>, p. 60), which are similar to <italic>Boeremia exigua</italic> (Westendorp <xref rid="CIT0096" ref-type="bibr">1851</xref>).</p><p>49. <italic>Phyllosticta cotoneastri</italic> Allescher, Hedwigia, 1: 158, 1897.</p><p>→ <italic>Phoma</italic> sp.</p><p>Host: <italic>Cotoneaster multiflorus</italic> (Rosaceae).</p><p>Distribution: Liaoning.</p><p>Specimen: HMSAU 2043.</p><p>Notes: <italic>Phyllosticta cotoneastri</italic> was reclassified as <italic>Phoma asiatica</italic> by van der Aa and Vanev (<xref rid="CIT0092" ref-type="bibr">2002</xref>). The Chinese specimen (5–7 × 2.5–4 μm) had conidia that are shorter and broader than the type of <italic>Phoma asiatica</italic> (Bai <xref rid="CIT0003" ref-type="bibr">2003</xref>, p. 173). The Chinese specimen may be an unidentified <italic>Phoma</italic> sp.</p><p>50. <italic>Phyllosticta crastophila</italic> Saccardo, Michelia, 1: 153, 1878.</p><p>→ <italic>Phoma herbarum</italic> Cooke.</p><p>Hosts: <italic>Setaria italica, Setaria viridis, Setaria</italic> spp. (Paniceae).</p><p>Distribution: Inner Mongolia, Jilin.</p><p>Specimens: HMSAU 656, HMSAU 1400, HMSAU 1132, HMSAU 1399.</p><p>Notes: The conidia of <italic>P. crastophila</italic> are oblong, with obtuse ends, 2-guttulate, hyaline, and measured 5–6 × 2 μm (Saccardo <xref rid="CIT0066" ref-type="bibr">1878</xref>); the species has been reclassified as <italic>Phoma herbarum</italic> (van der Aa and Vanev <xref rid="CIT0092" ref-type="bibr">2002</xref>). Chinese specimens associated with different hosts have conidia of different sizes (Bai <xref rid="CIT0003" ref-type="bibr">2003</xref>). On <italic>Setaria italica</italic>, the conidia are ovoid, cylindrical, 4–6 × 1.5–2 μm, and on <italic>Setaria viridis</italic>, the conidia are 7–10 × 2.5–3.5 μm; both lacked a mucilaginous sheath and an apical appendage (Bai <xref rid="CIT0003" ref-type="bibr">2003</xref>). The former matches the description of <italic>Phoma herbarum</italic>, while the fungus on <italic>Setaria viridis</italic> may represent another <italic>Phoma</italic> sp.</p><p>51. <italic>Phyllosticta crataegicola</italic> Saccardo, Michelia, 1; 1878.</p><p>→ <italic>Phoma</italic> sp.</p><p>Host: <italic>Crataegus pinnatifida</italic> (Rosaceae).</p><p>Distribution: Jilin, Liaoning.</p><p>Specimens: HMSAU 892, HMSAU 1261, HMSAU 891, HMSAU 1057.</p><p>Notes: The Chinese specimens appear to be a small-spored <italic>Phoma</italic> species, with ovoid, ellipsoidal conidia that measure 4–5 × 2. 5–3 μm, without mucilaginous sheaths or apical appendages (Bai <xref rid="CIT0003" ref-type="bibr">2003</xref>, p. 174).</p><p>52. <italic>Phyllosticta cruenta</italic> (Fries) Kickx, Flor. Crypt. Flandr. 1: 412, 1849.</p><p>Host: <italic>Polygonatum macropodium</italic> (Asparagaceae).</p><p>Distribution: Inner Mongolia.</p><p>Specimen: HMSAU 1771.</p><p>Note: The specimen from China is typical of <italic>P. cruenta</italic> (van der Aa <xref rid="CIT0090" ref-type="bibr">1973</xref>; Bai <xref rid="CIT0003" ref-type="bibr">2003</xref>, p. 125).</p><p>53. <italic>Phyllosticta cucurbitacearum</italic> Saccardo, Michelia, 1: 145, 1878.</p><p>→ <italic>Phoma</italic> sp.</p><p>Host: <italic>Cucurbita moshata</italic> (Cucurbitaceae).</p><p>Distribution: Jilin.</p><p>Specimen: HMSAU 981.</p><p>Note: This is a <italic>Phoma</italic> sp. with 1-celled, hyaline, ellipsoidal or cylindrical conidia that measure 5–7 × 2–2.5 μm, without a mucilaginous sheath or apical appendage (Bai <xref rid="CIT0003" ref-type="bibr">2003</xref>, p. 83).</p><p>54. <italic>Phyllosticta cycadina</italic> Passerini, Atti Accad. Naz. Lincei, Rendiconti Adunanze Solenni, Ser 4: 66, <xref rid="CIT0056" ref-type="bibr">1888</xref>.</p><p>→ <italic>Asteromella</italic> sp.</p><p>Host: <italic>Cycas revoluta</italic> (Cycadaceae).</p><p>Distribution: Liaoning.</p><p>Specimen: HMSAU 2461.</p><p>Notes: The conidia of <italic>P. cycadina</italic> are hyaline, bacilliform, 2.5 × 0.5–0.7 μm (Saccardo <xref rid="CIT0069" ref-type="bibr">1892</xref>), and resemble an <italic>Asteromella</italic> sp. (van der Aa and Vanev <xref rid="CIT0092" ref-type="bibr">2002</xref>). Conidia from the Chinese specimen are larger than the type of <italic>P. cycadina</italic> (3–4 × 1–1.5 μm vs. 2.5 × 0.5–0.7 μm) (Passerini <xref rid="CIT0056" ref-type="bibr">1888</xref>; Bai <xref rid="CIT0003" ref-type="bibr">2003</xref>, p. 85). The Chinese specimen is likely an <italic>Asteromella</italic> sp.</p><p>55. <italic>Phyllosticta cynanchi</italic> Brunaud, Glan. Mycol., Ser 2: 6, 1892.</p><p>→ <italic>Phoma</italic> sp.</p><p>Host: <italic>Cynanchum auriculatum</italic> (Apocynaceae).</p><p>Distribution: Jiangsu.</p><p>Specimen: HMSAU 2639.</p><p>Note: The description points to a <italic>Phoma</italic> species with conidia oblong to ovoidal, 5–7 × 3.5–5 μm (Bai <xref rid="CIT0003" ref-type="bibr">2003</xref>, p. 57).</p><p>56. <italic>Phyllosticta dahliaecola</italic> Brunaud, Champ. Saint., 429, 1887.</p><p>→ <italic>Boeremia exigua</italic> (Desm.) Aveskamp, Gruyter & Verkley.</p><p>Host: <italic>Dahlia variabilis</italic> (Asteraceae).</p><p>Distribution: Jilin.</p><p>Specimen: HMSAU 1179.</p><p>Notes: This species was reclassified as <italic>Phoma exigua</italic> (van der Aa and Vanev <xref rid="CIT0092" ref-type="bibr">2002</xref>), which was subsequently renamed <italic>Boeremia exigua</italic> (Aveskamp et al. <xref rid="CIT0001" ref-type="bibr">2010</xref>). The morphology of this specimen from China (Bai <xref rid="CIT0003" ref-type="bibr">2003</xref>, p. 75) is in accordance with <italic>Boeremia exigua.</italic></p><p>57. <italic>Phyllosticta dalbergiicola</italic> Sydow, Bull. Herb. Boiss., 82, 1901.</p><p>→ <italic>Phomopsis nivea</italic> (Syd. & P. Syd.) van der Aa.</p><p>Host: <italic>Dalbergia</italic> sp. (Fabaceae).</p><p>Distribution: Hainan.</p><p>Specimen: HMSAU 2727.</p><p>Notes: <italic>Phyllosticta dalbergiicola</italic> has been reclassified as <italic>Phomopsis nivea</italic> (van der Aa and Vanev <xref rid="CIT0092" ref-type="bibr">2002</xref>). The description of the record from China (Bai <xref rid="CIT0003" ref-type="bibr">2003</xref>, p. 119) indicates conidia oblong, 5–7 × 2–3 μm, with 2 guttules, in accordance with <italic>Phomopsis</italic>.</p><p>58. <italic>Phyllosticta desmodiicola</italic> Diedicke, Ann. Myc., 14: 178, 1916.</p><p>→ <italic>Phoma</italic> sp.</p><p>Host: <italic>Desmodium styracifolium</italic> (Fabaceae).</p><p>Distribution: Guangdong.</p><p>Specimen: HMSAU 2202.</p><p>Notes: According to van der Aa and Vanev (<xref rid="CIT0092" ref-type="bibr">2002</xref>), the type specimen of <italic>P. desmodiicola</italic> contains several species including <italic>Phoma</italic> spp., <italic>Microsphaeropsis</italic> sp. and <italic>Didymella</italic> sp. The original description points to a <italic>Phoma</italic> species with conidia ellipsoidal or cylindrical, 5–7 × 2–3 μm (Sydow <xref rid="CIT0083" ref-type="bibr">1916</xref>). The specimen from China has similar conidial characters (Bai <xref rid="CIT0003" ref-type="bibr">2003</xref>, p. 121), indicating a <italic>Phoma</italic> species.</p><p>59. <italic>Phyllosticta deutziae</italic> Ellis & Everhart, Hourn. Myc., 146, 1889.</p><p>→ <italic>Phoma</italic> sp.</p><p>Host: <italic>Deutzia prunifolia</italic> (Hydrangeaceae).</p><p>Distribution: Liaoning.</p><p>Specimen: HMSAU 1988.</p><p>Notes: In Ellis and Everhart’s (<xref rid="CIT0025" ref-type="bibr">1889</xref>) original description, this species has sub-ellipsoidal, fuscous conidia, 4–5 × 3 μm. van der Aa and Vanev (<xref rid="CIT0092" ref-type="bibr">2002</xref>) revised this species as <italic>Microsphaeropsis olivaceae,</italic> while in the specimen from China, the conidia are ellipsoidal, 1-celled, hyaline, bi-guttulate, 3–6 × 2–3.5 μm (Bai <xref rid="CIT0003" ref-type="bibr">2003</xref>, p. 198), which points to a <italic>Phoma</italic> species.</p><p>60. <italic>Phyllosticta deutziicola</italic> Petr., Annls Mycol. 12(5): 471, 1941.</p><p>Host: <italic>Deutzia scabra</italic> (Hydrangeaceae).</p><p>Distribution: Hebei, Liaoning.</p><p>Specimens: HMSAU 2638, HMSAU 2058.</p><p>Notes: <italic>P. deutziicola</italic> was wrongly spelt as <italic>P. deutzicola</italic> by Bai (<xref rid="CIT0003" ref-type="bibr">2003</xref>, p. 197). This species has conidia ellipsoidal, hyaline, 2–5 × 1–4 μm (Petrak <xref rid="CIT0058" ref-type="bibr">1914</xref>), and was considered to be <italic>Phoma pomorum</italic> (van der Aa and Vanev <xref rid="CIT0092" ref-type="bibr">2002</xref>). In Bai’s description, the conidia of this record are bacilliform, 1-celled, hyaline, 3–4 × 1–1.5 μm, which differs from the type of <italic>Phoma pomorum</italic>. More information is needed to determine its classification.</p><p>61. <italic>Phyllosticta digitalis</italic> Bellynck, West. Exs., 1053, 1855.</p><p>→ <italic>Phoma</italic> sp.</p><p>Host: <italic>Rehmannia glutinosa</italic> (Rehmanniaceae).</p><p>Distribution: Jilin.</p><p>Specimen: HMSAU 1105.</p><p>Notes: <italic>P. digitalis</italic> was first reported from <italic>Digitalis lutea</italic>, with conidia ovoid, 2-guttules, 7 × 2.5 μm (Saccardo <xref rid="CIT0067" ref-type="bibr">1884</xref>). The Chinese record lacks a mucilaginous sheath and an apical appendage (Bai <xref rid="CIT0003" ref-type="bibr">2003</xref>, p. 200), which indicates a <italic>Phoma</italic> species.</p><p>62. <italic>Phyllosticta draconis</italic> Berkeley, in Welw. F. Port. 5, 1853.</p><p>→ <italic>Phomopsis</italic> sp.</p><p>Host: <italic>Dracaena angustifolia</italic> (Asparagaceae).</p><p>Distribution: Yunnan.</p><p>Specimen: HMSAU 2609.</p><p>Notes: This name <italic>Phyllosticta draconis</italic> Berkeley reported in 1853 is invalid. <italic>P. draconis</italic> Berk. ex Cooke and <italic>P. draconis</italic> Berk. ex P. Karst were described later, with conidia 7 × 3 μm and 20 × 3 μm, respectively (Cooke <xref rid="CIT0019" ref-type="bibr">1885</xref>; Karsten <xref rid="CIT0040" ref-type="bibr">1896</xref>). The Chinese specimen had fusiform, biguttulate conidia, without a mucilatigous sheath or apical appendage (Bai <xref rid="CIT0003" ref-type="bibr">2003</xref>, p. 130), which is typical for alpha-conidia of <italic>Phomopsis</italic> species.</p><p>63. <italic>Phyllosticta eriobotryae</italic> Thümen, Contr. Fl. Mic. Lit., 215, 1877.</p><p>→ <italic>Phoma</italic> sp.</p><p>Host: <italic>Eriobotrya japonica</italic> (Rosaceae).</p><p>Distribution: Jilin.</p><p>Specimen: HMSAU 1130.</p><p>Note: This is a <italic>Phoma</italic> species with oval, ellipsoidal, 1-celled, hyaline conidia that measure 3.5–6 × 2.5–3 μm (Bai <xref rid="CIT0003" ref-type="bibr">2003</xref>, p. 175).</p><p>64. <italic>Phyllosticta eucommiae</italic> F. X. Chao & P. K. Chi, Fungus Diseasea on Cultivated Medicinal Plants of Guangdong Province, 139, 1994.</p><p>→ <italic>Phoma</italic> sp.</p><p>Host: <italic>Eucommia ulmoides</italic> (Eucommiaceae).</p><p>Distribution: Guangdong.</p><p>Specimen: HMSAU 2221.</p><p>Notes: This species was first reported in China; both the original description and non-original description did not mention the existence of a conidial appendage and mucilaginous sheath (Chi <xref rid="CIT0015" ref-type="bibr">1994</xref>; Bai <xref rid="CIT0003" ref-type="bibr">2003</xref>, p. 91). This is likely a <italic>Phoma</italic> species with conidia ellipsoidal, oval, 10–12.5 × 5–7 μm (van der Aa and Vanev <xref rid="CIT0092" ref-type="bibr">2002</xref>).</p><p>65. <italic>Phyllosticta euonymella</italic> Saccardo, Michelia, 1: 138, 1878.</p><p>→ <italic>Asteromella</italic> sp.</p><p>Host: <italic>Euonymus alatus</italic> (Celastraceae).</p><p>Distribution: Liaoning.</p><p>Specimen: HMSAU 1748.</p><p>Note: This is an <italic>Asteromella</italic> species with small conidia, hyaline, 1-celled, baciliform, 3–4 × 0.7–0.8 μm (Bai <xref rid="CIT0003" ref-type="bibr">2003</xref>, p. 70).</p><p>66. <italic>Phyllosticta euonymi-japonici</italic> L.L. Liu & G.Z. Lu Mycosystema, 26: 171, 2007.</p><p>Host: <italic>Euonymus japonica</italic> (Celastraceae).</p><p>Distribution: Liaoning.</p><p>Specimen: IBE 0000989 (holotype).</p><p>Notes: This is the only <italic>Phyllosticta</italic> species have been reported from <italic>Euonymus</italic> (Liu and Lu <xref rid="CIT0043" ref-type="bibr">2007</xref>). The morphology of this species is typical for <italic>Phyllosticta</italic>.</p><p>67. <italic>Phyllosticta forsythiae</italic> Saccardo, Fung. Ital. 87. 1877.</p><p>→ <italic>Phoma</italic> sp.</p><p>Host: <italic>Forsythia suspensa</italic> (Oleaceae).</p><p>Distribution: Liaoning.</p><p>Specimen: HMSAU 2235.</p><p>Notes: The Chinese specimen had ovoid or ellipsoidal conidia, 4–6 × 2–3 μm (Bai <xref rid="CIT0003" ref-type="bibr">2003</xref>, p. 141). According to van der Aa and Vanev (<xref rid="CIT0092" ref-type="bibr">2002</xref>), all collections of this species belong to <italic>Phoma exigua</italic>, which has already been reported from <italic>Forsythia</italic> spp. The record from China is also a <italic>Phoma</italic> species.</p><p>68. <italic>Phyllosticta fragaricola</italic> Desmazières & Robinson, Plant Crypt. Fr., 3: 686, 1859.</p><p>→ <italic>Phomopsis</italic> sp.</p><p>Host: <italic>Fragaria ananassa</italic> (Rosaceae).</p><p>Distribution: Liaoning, Jilin, Tibet.</p><p>Specimen: HMSAU 163, HMSAU 1845, HMSAU 984, HMSAU 2720.</p><p>Notes: This is a <italic>Phomopsis</italic> species with cylindrical, ampulliform, 1-celled, hyaline, branched conidiogenous cells, and cylindrical, ellipsoidal, 1-celled, hyaline conidia that measured 4–7 × 1.5–2 μm (Bai <xref rid="CIT0003" ref-type="bibr">2003</xref>, p. 70).</p><p>69. <italic>Phyllosticta gelsemii</italic> Ellis & Everhart, Journ. Myc., 7: 131, 1892.</p><p>Host: <italic>Strychnos nux-vomica</italic> (Loganiaceae).</p><p>Distribution: Hainan.</p><p>Specimen: HMSAU 2180.</p><p>Notes: <italic>P. gelsemii</italic> was first described from <italic>Gelsemium</italic> sp. (Ellis and Everhart <xref rid="CIT0026" ref-type="bibr">1892</xref>). van der Aa transferred this species to <italic>Colephoma</italic> (van der Aa and Vanev <xref rid="CIT0092" ref-type="bibr">2002</xref>). The Chinese specimen (Bai <xref rid="CIT0003" ref-type="bibr">2003</xref>, p. 132) is different from <italic>Colephoma gelsemii</italic> in producing broader conidiogenous cells (7.5–10 × 5–7.5 μm vs. 4–12 × 2.5–5 μm) and shorter conidia (7.5–12.5 × 5–6 μm vs. 14–21 × 2.5–3 μm). More information is needed to confirm the identity of the Chinese specimen.</p><p>70. <italic>Phyllosticta ghaesemnillae</italic> Kooders, Botan, Untersuch., 205, 1907.</p><p>Host: <italic>Codiaeum variegatum</italic> (Euphorbiaceae).</p><p>Distribution: Yunnan.</p><p>Specimen: HMSAU 2341.</p><p>Notes: Though Bai (<xref rid="CIT0003" ref-type="bibr">2003</xref>, p. 92) did not indicate the existence of conidial appendages, other morphological characters (pycnidia 105–135 μm in diameter; conidiogenous cells cylindrical or conical, 4–6 × 2–3.5 μm; conidia ovoidal, with one guttule and mucilaginous sheath, 10–13 × 7–7.5 μm) are in good accordance with the descriptions of Kooders and van der Aa and Vanev (<xref rid="CIT0092" ref-type="bibr">2002</xref>). The Chinese specimen refers to a <italic>Phyllosticta</italic> species.</p><p>71. <italic>Phyllosticta ginkgo</italic> Brunaud, Liste Sphaerops., 7: 1886.</p><p>→ <italic>Phoma</italic> sp.</p><p>Host: <italic>Ginkgo biloba</italic> (Ginkgoaceae).</p><p>Distribution: Liaoning.</p><p>Specimen: HMSAU 1990.</p><p>Notes: The Chinese specimen had conidia that are ovoid, ellipsoidal, 4–5 × 2–2.5 μm, lacking a mucilaginous sheath and an apical appendage (Bai <xref rid="CIT0003" ref-type="bibr">2003</xref>, p. 99). This description points to a small spored <italic>Phoma</italic> species.</p><p>72. <italic>Phyllosticta glycines</italic> Thüm., Inst. Rev. Sci. Litt, Coimbra Ser. 3: 28:504, 1881.</p><p>→ <italic>Phoma</italic> sp.</p><p>Hosts: <italic>Glycine</italic> spp. (Fabaceae).</p><p>Distribution: Inner Mongolia, Jilin, Liaoning.</p><p>Specimens: HMSAU 432, HMSAU 573, HMSAU 993, HMSAU 926, HMSAU 1401, HMSAU 1531.</p><p>Notes: The Chinese specimens (Bai <xref rid="CIT0003" ref-type="bibr">2003</xref>, p. 121) had ampulliform, 1-celled, hyaline conidiogenous cells and oval, ellipsoidal, 1-celled, hyaline conidia that measured 4–7 × 2–3 μm, lacking a mucilaginous sheath and an apical appendage. This specimen belongs to a <italic>Phoma</italic> sp.</p><p>73. <italic>Phyllosticta grossulariae</italic> Saccardo, Michelia, 1: 136, 1878.</p><p>→ <italic>Phoma</italic> sp.</p><p>Host: <italic>Ribes pauciflorum</italic> (Grossulariaceae).</p><p>Distribution: Liaoning.</p><p>Specimen: HMSAU 2082.</p><p>Notes: According to Boerema et al. (<xref rid="CIT0009" ref-type="bibr">2004</xref>), <italic>Phoma macrostoma</italic> var. <italic>macrostoma</italic> has many synonyms, including <italic>Phyllosticta grossulariae</italic>. The conidial size of this specimen from China (5–6 × 2–3 μm) is smaller than that of <italic>Phoma macrostoma</italic> var. <italic>macrostoma</italic>. This might be another <italic>Phoma</italic> species because of the lack of a mucilaginous sheath and an apical appendage (Bai <xref rid="CIT0003" ref-type="bibr">2003</xref>, p. 199).</p><p>74. <italic>Phyllosticta guceviczii</italic> Zhilina, Izv. Akad. Nauk. Armyan S. S. R., Biol. Sci., 15: 65, 1962.</p><p>→ <italic>Asteromella</italic> sp.</p><p>Host: <italic>Dictamnus dasycarpus</italic> (Rutaceae).</p><p>Distribution: Jilin.</p><p>Specimen: HMSAU 1852.</p><p>Notes: The conidia of this specimen are bacilliform, 1-celled, hyaline, 3–4 × 1–1.5 μm (Bai <xref rid="CIT0003" ref-type="bibr">2003</xref>, p. 192). This is an <italic>Asteromella</italic> species.</p><p>75. <italic>Phyllosticta haynaldii</italic> Roumeguére & Saccardo, Sacc., Michelia, 2: 342, 1880.</p><p>→ <italic>Phoma</italic> sp.</p><p>Host: <italic>Ilex cornuta</italic> (Aquifoliaceae).</p><p>Distribution: Liaoning.</p><p>Specimens: HMSAU 2342, HMSAU 2364.</p><p>Notes: The description of this specimen (Bai <xref rid="CIT0003" ref-type="bibr">2003</xref>, p. 17) showed that this record is a <italic>Phoma</italic> species with hyaline ovoidal, ellipsoidal conidia that measured 4–6.5 × 2–2.5 μm.</p><p>76. <italic>Phyllosticta hemerocallidis</italic> G. M. Chang & P. K. Chi, Chi et al., Fungus Diseases on Cultivated Medicinal Plants of Guangdong Province, 214, 1994.</p><p>→ <italic>Phyllosticta hemerocallidis</italic> (G. M. Chang & P. K. Chi) Vanev.</p><p>Host: <italic>Hemerocallis fliva</italic> (Xanthorrhoeaceae).</p><p>Distribution: Guangdong.</p><p>Specimen: HMSAU 2222.</p><p>Notes: <italic>Phyllosticta hemerocallidis</italic> (G. M. Chang & P. K. Chi) Vanev was first described as <italic>Phyllostictina hemerocallidis</italic> on cultivated medicinal plants (Chi <xref rid="CIT0015" ref-type="bibr">1994</xref>). It was transferred to <italic>Phyllosticta</italic> by van der Aa and Vanev (<xref rid="CIT0092" ref-type="bibr">2002</xref>). In <italic>Flora Fungorum Sinicorum</italic> (Bai <xref rid="CIT0003" ref-type="bibr">2003</xref>, p. 128), this species was recorded with the wrong author name.</p><p>77. <italic>Phyllosticta heveae</italic> Zimmermann, Bull. Inst. Buttenuitenz., 10: 21, 1901.</p><p>→ <italic>Phoma</italic> sp.</p><p>Host: <italic>Hevea</italic> sp. (Euphorbiaceae).</p><p>Distribution: Jilin.</p><p>Specimen: HMSAU 2069.</p><p>Notes: van der Aa and Vanev reclassified this species as <italic>Phomopsis ramicola</italic> (van der Aa and Vanev <xref rid="CIT0092" ref-type="bibr">2002</xref>), while the sketch and description of specimen from China (Bai <xref rid="CIT0003" ref-type="bibr">2003</xref>, p. 94) indicates a <italic>Phoma</italic> species with conidia ellipsoidal or ovoid with obtuse or acute at both ends, 3–7 × 2–3 μm, without mucilaginous sheaths and apical appendages.</p><p>78. <italic>Phyllosticta hostae</italic> Y.Y. Su & L. Cai, Persoonia, 28: 76, 2012.</p><p>Host: <italic>Hosta plantaginea</italic> (Asparagaceae).</p><p>Distribution: Beijing.</p><p>Specimen: HMAS242924 (holotype).</p><p>Note: This is an accepted <italic>Phyllosticta</italic> species with typical morphology and well inferred phylogenetic relationships (Su and Cai <xref rid="CIT0081" ref-type="bibr">2012</xref>).</p><p>79. <italic>Phyllosticta hubeiensis</italic> K. Zhang & L. Cai, Mycol. Prog., 2012.</p><p>Host: <italic>Viburnum odoratissimum</italic> (Adoxaceae).</p><p>Distribution: Hubei.</p><p>Specimen: HMAS 243495 (holotype).</p><p>Note: This species is an accepted <italic>Phyllosticta</italic> species with typical morphology and well inferred phylogenetic relationships (Zhang, Zhang, et al. <xref rid="CIT0106" ref-type="bibr">2013</xref>).</p><p>80. <italic>Phyllosticta iridis</italic> Ellis & Everhart, New Fung. in Proceed. Acad. N. Sc. Philad, 456, 1893.</p><p>→ <italic>Phoma</italic> sp.</p><p>Host: <italic>Iris ensata</italic> (Iridaceae).</p><p>Distribution: Ningxia.</p><p>Specimen: HMSAU 2256.</p><p>Notes: According to the description of specimen from China (Bai <xref rid="CIT0003" ref-type="bibr">2003</xref>, p. 106), the conidia (ellipsoidal, oval or fusiform, 6–7.5 × 4–5 μm, without mucilaginous sheaths and apical appendages) are different from <italic>Phyllosticta</italic> species described form <italic>Iris</italic> spp., such as <italic>P. iridis</italic> (9–11 × 2.5 μm) <italic>P. iridum</italic> (10 × 2.5 μm) and <italic>P. pseudacori</italic> (5 × 2.5 μm). The description points to a <italic>Phoma</italic> species.</p><p>81. <italic>Phyllosticta jasmini</italic> Saccardo, Michelia, 1: 138, 1878.</p><p>Hosts: <italic>Jasminum</italic> spp. (Oleaceae).</p><p>Distribution: Tibet, Yunnan.</p><p>Specimens: HMSAU 2379, HMSAU 2343.</p><p>Notes: The description of the record in China indicates sheath surrounding the conidia, but no apical appendages were observed (Bai <xref rid="CIT0003" ref-type="bibr">2003</xref>, p. 143). Thus, there is not sufficient evidence to include this species in <italic>Phyllosticta</italic>. According to van der Aa and Vanev (<xref rid="CIT0092" ref-type="bibr">2002</xref>), a second species, <italic>Phoma</italic> sp. has been observed from the holotype of <italic>P. jasmini</italic>. More information of the record from China is needed to confirm its identity.</p><p>82. <italic>Phyllosticta jasminicola</italic> (Desmazières) Saccardo, Syll. Fung., 11: 474, 1895.</p><p>→ <italic>Phoma</italic> sp.</p><p>Host: <italic>Jasminum sambac</italic> (Oleaceae).</p><p>Distribution: Yunan.</p><p>Specimen: HMSAU 2344.</p><p>Notes: Based on the type specimen of <italic>P. jasminicola</italic>, this species has been revised as <italic>Asteromella jasminicola</italic> by Petrak (<xref rid="CIT0059" ref-type="bibr">1934</xref>). The conidial size of <italic>Asteromella jasminicola</italic> is 2–3 × 0.5 μm. In the description of the Chinese specimen (Bai <xref rid="CIT0003" ref-type="bibr">2003</xref>, p. 144), the conidia are ellipsoidal, 3–4 × 2–2.5 μm, without mucilaginous sheaths and apical appendages, which are larger than <italic>Asteromella jasminicola</italic>. According to the illustration and description, this may be a <italic>Phoma</italic> species.</p><p>83. <italic>Phyllosticta jatrophae-podagricae</italic> Yadav & Rao, J. Univ. Poona, 54: 155, 1981.</p><p>→ <italic>Phomopsis</italic> sp.</p><p>Host: <italic>Jatropha podagrica</italic> (Euphorbiaceae).</p><p>Distribution: Yunan.</p><p>Specimen: HMSAU 2345.</p><p>Notes: <italic>Phyllosticta jatrophae-podagricae</italic> is the only species associated with <italic>Jatropha</italic> spp. The type of <italic>Phyllosticta jatrophae-podagricae</italic> was regarded as a <italic>Phoma</italic> species (van der Aa and Vanev <xref rid="CIT0092" ref-type="bibr">2002</xref>). The specimen from China has conidia that are fusiform, acute ends, 6–8 × 2–2.5 μm (larger than the type), with 1–2 guttules (Bai <xref rid="CIT0003" ref-type="bibr">2003</xref>, p. 96). This is likely a <italic>Phomopsis</italic> species.</p><p>84. <italic>Phyllosticta juglandis</italic> Saccardo, Michelia, 1: 135, 1878.</p><p>→ <italic>Phoma</italic> sp.</p><p>Host: <italic>Juglans sieboldana</italic> var. <italic>cordiformis</italic> (Juglandaceae).</p><p>Distribution: Liaoning.</p><p>Specimen: HMSAU 2050.</p><p>Notes: The conidiogenous cells of this species are ampulliform, 1-celled, hyaline, 4–6 × 2–3 μm, and the conidia are ellipsoidal or cylindrical, 4–7 × 2.5–3 μm, without mucilaginous sheaths and apical appendages (Bai <xref rid="CIT0003" ref-type="bibr">2003</xref>, p. 107). The description also indicates that some of the conidia are brown. This record may be a <italic>Phoma</italic> species.</p><p>85. <italic>Phyllosticta kalopanacis</italic> G. Z. Lu & J. K. Bai, in Yu et al., Journal of Shenyang Agricultural University, 25(2): 156, 1994.</p><p>→ <italic>Phoma</italic> sp.</p><p>Host: <italic>Kalopanax septemlobus</italic> (Araliaceae).</p><p>Distribution: Liaoning.</p><p>Specimen: HMSAU 2047.</p><p>Notes: This name was first published without any description (Yu et al. <xref rid="CIT0104" ref-type="bibr">1994</xref>). The description of the Chinese specimen indicated that the conidia are fusiform, or ellipsoidal, pointed at both ends, 6–7.5 × 1.5–2 μm, without mucilaginous sheaths and apical appendages (Bai <xref rid="CIT0003" ref-type="bibr">2003</xref>, p. 55). This species may be a <italic>Phoma</italic> species with small conidia.</p><p>86. <italic>Phyllosticta lantanae</italic> Passerini, Erb. Critt. It., 2: 1290, 1882.</p><p>→ <italic>Phoma</italic> sp.</p><p>Hosts: <italic>Viburnum fordiae, Viburnum sargentii</italic> (Adoxaceae).</p><p>Distribution: Liaoning, Taiwan.</p><p>Specimens: HMSAU 2635, HMSAU 2048.</p><p>Notes: The only accepted <italic>Phyllosticta</italic> species associated with <italic>Viburnum</italic> is <italic>Phyllosticta hubeiensis</italic> (Farr and Rossman <xref rid="CIT0030" ref-type="bibr">2012</xref>; Zhang, Su, et al. <xref rid="CIT0105" ref-type="bibr">2013</xref>), with conidia bearing mucilaginous sheaths and apical appendages. This record represents a <italic>Phoma</italic> species with conidia 1-celled, oval, 5–7.5 × 2–2.5 μm (Bai <xref rid="CIT0003" ref-type="bibr">2003</xref>, p. 65).</p><p>87. <italic>Phyllosticta ligustri</italic> Saccardo, Michelia, 1:134, 1878.</p><p>→ <italic>Phoma</italic> sp.</p><p>Host: <italic>Ligustrum japonicum</italic> (Oleaceae).</p><p>Distribution: Jilin.</p><p>Specimen: HMSAU 1058.</p><p>Notes: Fungus described by Saccardo was not observed from the type specimen of <italic>P. ligustri</italic> (van der Aa and Vanev <xref rid="CIT0092" ref-type="bibr">2002</xref>). In Saccardo’s original description, the conidia are ovoid, 6–7 × 2.5–3 μm, while the conidia of the specimen from China are shorter (3–5 × 2–3 μm), ellipsoidal, without mucilaginous sheaths and apical appendages (Bai <xref rid="CIT0003" ref-type="bibr">2003</xref>, p. 145). This may be a <italic>Phoma</italic> species.</p><p>88. <italic>Phyllosticta lilii</italic> Ellis & Dearness, in Canad. Rec. Scienc., 267, 1893.</p><p>→ <italic>Phoma</italic> sp.</p><p>Hosts: <italic>Lilium brownie, Lilium souliei</italic> (Liliaceae).</p><p>Distribution: Guangdong.</p><p>Specimens: HMSAU 2182, HMSAU 2161.</p><p>Notes: Ellis and Everhart (<xref rid="CIT0027" ref-type="bibr">1893</xref>) described <italic>P. lilii</italic> as the pycnidial stage of <italic>Leptosphaeria lilii</italic>, with conidia 4–5 × 2.5–3 μm. van der Aa and Vanev (<xref rid="CIT0092" ref-type="bibr">2002</xref>) regarded this species as typical for <italic>Coniothyrium</italic> with typical brownish conidia. However, the record from China has hyaline, globose or ellipsoidal conidia, 3–5 × 2–2.5 μm, without mucilaginous sheaths and apical appendages (Bai <xref rid="CIT0003" ref-type="bibr">2003</xref>, p. 131). This may be a <italic>Phoma</italic> species.</p><p>89. <italic>Phyllosticta lindericola</italic> Ellis & Everhart, Proc. Acad. Phil., 354, 1894.</p><p>→ <italic>Phoma</italic> sp.</p><p>Host: <italic>Lindera</italic> sp. (Lauraceae).</p><p>Distribution: Anhui.</p><p>Specimen: HMSAU 2700.</p><p>Notes: The conidia of <italic>P. lindericola</italic> are oblong or ellipsoidal, 4–7 × 2–3 μm (Ellis and Everhart <xref rid="CIT0028" ref-type="bibr">1894</xref>), while the conidia of the specimen from China are subglobose or ellipsoidal, 5–9 × 3–5 μm, without mucilaginous sheaths and apical appendages. Based on the type specimen, this could be a <italic>Phomopsis</italic> sp. (van der Aa and Vanev <xref rid="CIT0092" ref-type="bibr">2002</xref>), but the record from China is likely a <italic>Phoma</italic> species because of its ampulliform, 1-celled, hyaline conidiogenous cells, 5–7.5 × 5–6 μm (Bai <xref rid="CIT0003" ref-type="bibr">2003</xref>, p. 110).</p><p>90. <italic>Phyllosticta linocierae</italic> Thüm, Rev, Mycol. Toulouse 2:36, 1880.</p><p>→ <italic>Phoma</italic> sp.</p><p>Host: <italic>Olea yunnanensis</italic> (Oleaceae).</p><p>Distribution: Yunnan.</p><p>Specimen: HMSAU 2509.</p><p>Notes: The Chinese specimen lacks a mucilaginous sheath and an apical appendage (Bai <xref rid="CIT0003" ref-type="bibr">2003</xref>, p. 147). Its morphological description indicates a <italic>Phoma</italic> species.</p><p>91. <italic>Phyllosticta liquidambaris-formosanae</italic> J. K. Bai & G. Z. Lu. <italic>Flora Fungorum Sinicorm</italic>, 15: 104, 2002.</p><p>→ <italic>Phoma</italic> sp.</p><p>Host: <italic>Liquidambar formosana</italic> (Altingiaceae).</p><p>Distribution: Guangxi.</p><p>Specimen: HMSAU 2703.</p><p>Notes: In the original description, the conidiogenous cells of <italic>P. liquidambaris-formosanae</italic> are ampulliform, 1-celled, hyaline, 2–5 × 1.5–2 μm; the conidia are fusiform or oblong, 1-celled, hyaline, 5–7 × 2–2.5 μm, without mucilaginous sheaths and apical appendages (Bai <xref rid="CIT0003" ref-type="bibr">2003</xref>, p. 104). These morphological characters do not fit the the generic concept of <italic>Phyllosticta</italic> but indicate a <italic>Phoma</italic> species.</p><p>92. <italic>Phyllosticta lonicerae</italic> Westend., Bull. Acad. Brux, 18(2): 399, 1851.</p><p>→ <italic>Phoma</italic> sp.</p><p>Host: <italic>Lonicera confusa</italic> (Caprifoliaceae).</p><p>Distribution: Guangdong.</p><p>Specimen: HMSAU 2213.</p><p>Notes: <italic>Phyllosticta lonicerae</italic> has been treated as a synonym of <italic>Kabatia periclymeni</italic> (Sutton <xref rid="CIT0082" ref-type="bibr">1980</xref>; van der Aa and Vanev <xref rid="CIT0092" ref-type="bibr">2002</xref>). The description of the conidiomata of the specimen from China (Bai <xref rid="CIT0003" ref-type="bibr">2003</xref>, p. 147) is atypical for <italic>Kabatia</italic> (Saccardo <xref rid="CIT0075" ref-type="bibr">1906</xref>). The morphology of this record (conidiogenous cells ampulliform, 1-celled, hyaline, 7.5–10 × 4–6 μm, conidia cylindrical, ellipsoidal, 1-celled, hyaline, with 2 guttules, 6–9 × 2.5–3 μm, without mucilaginous sheaths and apical appendages) indicates a <italic>Phoma</italic> species.</p><p>93. <italic>Phyllosticta ludwigiae</italic> Peck, Ann. Rep. Reg. N. Y. St. Mus. 44:135, 1891.</p><p>→ <italic>Phoma</italic> sp.</p><p>Host: <italic>Oenothera biennis</italic> (Onagraceae).</p><p>Distribution: Sichuan.</p><p>Specimen: HMSAU 2624.</p><p>Notes: The conidia from the Chinese specimen are larger than the original description of <italic>P. ludwigiae</italic> (5–10 × 4–6 μm vs. 7–9 × 4 μm) and lack mucilaginous sheaths and apical appendages (Bai <xref rid="CIT0003" ref-type="bibr">2003</xref>, p. 152). No accepted <italic>Phyllosticta</italic> sp. has been reported from <italic>Oenothera</italic> spp. The description of the Chinese specimen indicates a <italic>Phoma</italic> species.</p><p>94. <italic>Phyllosticta lychnidis</italic> Bondartsev, Bull. Jard. Jard. Imper. Bot. St. Petersh., 12: 102, 1912.</p><p>Host: <italic>Lychnis coronat</italic>a (Caryophyllaceae).</p><p>Distribution: Liaoning.</p><p>Specimen: HMSAU 2083.</p><p>Notes: <italic>Phyllosticta lychnidis</italic> Bondartsev is a later homonym of <italic>P. lychnidis</italic> (Kuńze & J. C. Schmidt: Fries) Ellis & Everhart. Both names have been reclassified as <italic>Boeremia exigua</italic> (<italic>Phoma exigua</italic>) (van der Aa et al. <xref rid="CIT0091" ref-type="bibr">2000</xref>; van der Aa and Vanev <xref rid="CIT0092" ref-type="bibr">2002</xref>; Aveskamp et al. <xref rid="CIT0001" ref-type="bibr">2010</xref>). The morphology of specimen from China is generally similar to <italic>Boeremia exigua</italic>, but Bai (<xref rid="CIT0003" ref-type="bibr">2003</xref>, p. 68) also mentioned the existence of short colloidal appendages; thus, more information is needed to confirm its identity.</p><p>95. <italic>Phyllosticta lythri</italic> Cejp, Nova Hedwigia, 18(2–4): 564, 1969.</p><p>→ <italic>Boeremia exigua</italic> (Desm.) Aveskamp, Gruyter & Verkley.</p><p>Host: <italic>Lythrum salicaria</italic> (Lythraceae).</p><p>Distribution: Jilin.</p><p>Specimen: HMSAU 2394.</p><p>Notes: Boerema and Dorenbosch (<xref rid="CIT0008" ref-type="bibr">1973</xref>) reported <italic>Phoma exigua</italic> from <italic>Lythrum</italic> sp., which has been reclassified as <italic>Boeremia exigua</italic> (Aveskamp et al. <xref rid="CIT0001" ref-type="bibr">2010</xref>). The morphology of the Chinese specimen is in good accordance with the original description of <italic>Boeremia exigua</italic>, with subglobose or ellipsoidal or subglobose conidia that measure 4–6 × 2–2.5 μm (Bai <xref rid="CIT0003" ref-type="bibr">2003</xref>, p. 133).</p><p>96. <italic>Phyllosticta macleayae</italic> Naito, Memoirs of the College of Agriculture, Kyoto, 47: 46, 1940.</p><p>→ <italic>Phoma</italic> sp.</p><p>Host: <italic>Macleaya cordata</italic> (Papaveraceae).</p><p>Distribution: Jilin.</p><p>Specimen: HMSAU 1059.</p><p>Notes: The original description of <italic>Phyllosticta macleayae</italic> indicates the existence of septa in conidia (Naito <xref rid="CIT0054" ref-type="bibr">1940</xref>). van der Aa and Vanev (<xref rid="CIT0092" ref-type="bibr">2002</xref>) pointed out that this species may be conspecific to <italic>Phoma glaucii</italic>. In the description of the Chinese specimen, Bai (<xref rid="CIT0003" ref-type="bibr">2003</xref>, p. 156) indicated the existence of constrictions in the middle of the conidia, but no septum was observed. Based on morphology, this is a <italic>Phoma</italic> species.</p><p>97. <italic>Phyllosticta magnoliae</italic> Saccardo, Michelia, 1: 139, 1878.</p><p>Hosts: <italic>Michelia alba, Magnolia denudata, Magnolia liliflora</italic> (Magnoliaceae).</p><p>Distribution: Jilin, Liaoning, Sichuan.</p><p>Specimens: HMSAU 2080, HMSAU 2707, HMSAU 1060.</p><p>Notes: Various <italic>Phyllosticta</italic> records have been reported from <italic>Michelia</italic> and <italic>Magnolia</italic> species, including <italic>P. magnoliae</italic> Sacc., <italic>P. cookie</italic> Sacc., <italic>P. magnolia-pumilae</italic> Sawada, <italic>P. yugokwa</italic> Sawada and <italic>P. kobus</italic> P. Henn. All these species have been placed in <italic>Phoma</italic>. (van der Aa and Vanev <xref rid="CIT0092" ref-type="bibr">2002</xref>), except <italic>P. kobus</italic> which has typical conidia of <italic>Phyllosticta</italic>, 9–12 × 6–8 μm, with mucilaginous sheaths and apical appendages (Hennings <xref rid="CIT0035" ref-type="bibr">1905</xref>). The conidia of the specimen from China are ellipsoidal, 5–7 × 2.5–3 μm, lacking apical appendages (Bai <xref rid="CIT0003" ref-type="bibr">2003</xref>, p. 134), which do not place it in <italic>Phyllosticta</italic>.</p><p>98. <italic>Phyllosticta malkoffii</italic> Bubak, Ann. Myc., 6: 24, 1908.</p><p>→ <italic>Boeremia exigua</italic> (Desm.) Aveskamp, Gruyter & Verkley.</p><p>Host: <italic>Gossypium herbaceum</italic> (Malvaceae).</p><p>Distribution: Liaoning.</p><p>Specimen: HMSAU 6022.</p><p>Notes: This species has been synonymized with <italic>Boeremia exigua</italic> (Aveskamp et al. <xref rid="CIT0001" ref-type="bibr">2010</xref>). The Chinese specimen matches the original description of <italic>Boeremia exigua</italic> (Bai <xref rid="CIT0003" ref-type="bibr">2003</xref>, p. 136).</p><p>99. <italic>Phyllosticta medicaginis</italic> (Fuckel) Saccardo, Syll. Fung. 3: 42, 1884.</p><p>→ <italic>Boeremia exigua</italic> (Desm.) Aveskamp, Gruyter & Verkley.</p><p>Hosts: <italic>Medicago sativa</italic> (Fabaceae), <italic>Trigonella foenum-graecum</italic> (Fabaceae).</p><p>Distribution: Jilin, Xinjiang.</p><p>Specimens: HMSAU 512, HMSAU 2692.</p><p>Notes: <italic>Phyllosticta bonanseana</italic> and <italic>P. medicaginis</italic> have been described on <italic>Medicago</italic> sp. <italic>P. trilobachne</italic> and <italic>P. medicaginis</italic> have been described on <italic>Trigonella</italic> sp.; but none of these is an accepted species in <italic>Phyllosticta. P. bonanseana, P. medicaginis, P. trilobachne</italic> have been reclassified as <italic>Phoma exigua</italic> var. <italic>exigua, Sporonema phacidioides</italic> and <italic>Phoma</italic> sp., respectively (van der Aa and Vanev <xref rid="CIT0092" ref-type="bibr">2002</xref>). The current name of <italic>Phoma exigua</italic> var. <italic>exigua</italic> is <italic>Boeremia exigua</italic> (Aveskamp et al. <xref rid="CIT0001" ref-type="bibr">2010</xref>), with conidia variable in shape, hyaline, thin-walled, smooth, mainly aseptate, 2.5–12 × 2–4 μm. The conidia of specimens from China are cylindrical, 1-celled, hyaline, 5–9 × 1.5–2.5 μm, without appendages (Bai <xref rid="CIT0003" ref-type="bibr">2003</xref>, p. 122). Considering the morphology, the specimen from China belongs to <italic>Boeremia exigua</italic>.</p><p>100. <italic>Phyllosticta menthae</italic> Bresadola, Ann. Mycol., 13: 104, 1915.</p><p>→ <italic>Boeremia exigua</italic> var. <italic>exigua</italic> (Desm.) Aveskamp, Gruyter & Verkley.</p><p>Host: <italic>Scutellaria baicalensis</italic> (Lamiaceae).</p><p>Distribution: Liaoning.</p><p>Specimen: HMSAU 2451.</p><p>Notes: <italic>P. decidua</italic> (conidia cylindrical, 3–3.5 × 1.5 μm) (Ellis and Kellerman <xref rid="CIT0029" ref-type="bibr">1883</xref>), <italic>P. menthae</italic> (conidia ellipsoidal or cylindrical, 6–7 × 2–2.5 μm) (Bresadola <xref rid="CIT0011" ref-type="bibr">1915</xref>), and <italic>P. scutellariae</italic> (oblong or ellipsoidal, 5–6 × 2.5–3 μm) (van der Aa and Vanev <xref rid="CIT0092" ref-type="bibr">2002</xref>) have been described from <italic>Scutellaria</italic> spp. All these three species have been reclassified as <italic>Boeremia exigua</italic> var. <italic>exigua</italic> (Aveskamp et al. <xref rid="CIT0001" ref-type="bibr">2010</xref>). The morphology of the specimen from China (conidiogenous cells ampuliform, 5–6 × 3–4 μm, conidia ellipsoidal or cylindrical, 4–7 × 2.5–3 μm, without mucilaginous sheaths and apical appendages) (Bai <xref rid="CIT0003" ref-type="bibr">2003</xref>, p. 108) are essentially similar to <italic>Boeremia exigua</italic> var. <italic>exigua</italic>.</p><p>101. <italic>Phyllosticta musaechinensis</italic> S.P. Wu, Z.Y. Liu & K.D. Hyde, Phytotaxa, 188: 142, 2014.</p><p>Host: <italic>Musa</italic> sp.</p><p>Distribution: Chongqing.</p><p>Specimens: GZAAS6.1247, GZAAS6.1384.</p><p>Note: This species is an accepted <italic>Phyllosticta</italic> species with typical morphology and strong phylogenetic inference (Wu et al. <xref rid="CIT0099" ref-type="bibr">2014</xref>; ITS GenBank number: KF955294).</p><p>102. <italic>Phyllosticta murrayicola</italic> van der Aa, Studies in Mycology, 5: 71, 1973.</p><p>Host: <italic>Murraya paniculata</italic> (Rutaceae).</p><p>Distribution: Yunnan.</p><p>Specimen: HMSAU 2346.</p><p>Notes: The description of leaf spots (ochreous, with purple brownish border), pycnidia (globose or subglobose, 80–175 μm in diameter) and conidia (ovoidal, 10–12.5 × 6–8 μm) of the Chinese specimen (Bai <xref rid="CIT0003" ref-type="bibr">2003</xref>, p. 192) is in accordance with the description of type material of <italic>Phyllosticta murrayicola</italic> (van der Aa <xref rid="CIT0090" ref-type="bibr">1973</xref>).</p><p>103. <italic>Phyllosticta musarum</italic> (Cooke) van der Aa, Studies in Mycology, 5: 72, 1973.</p><p>Host: <italic>Musa</italic> spp. (Musaceae).</p><p>Distribution: Hainan.</p><p>Specimen: Not provided in literature.</p><p>Notes: Pu et al. (<xref rid="CIT0060" ref-type="bibr">2008</xref>) isolated <italic>Phyllosticta</italic> species from <italic>Musa</italic> in China, and morphologically identified as <italic>P. musarum</italic> with conidia ‘1-celled, obovoidal, ellipsoidal or short cylindrical, pyriform when young, with a truncate base, broadly rounded, 15–18 × 9–10 µm’. The microscopic photographs clearly showed conidia with mucilaginous sheaths and apical appendages, typical of <italic>Phyllosticta</italic>. More recent molecular studies reveal three <italic>Phyllosticta</italic> species causing freckle diseases on <italic>Musa</italic> (Glienke et al. <xref rid="CIT0031" ref-type="bibr">2011</xref>; Wang et al. <xref rid="CIT0094" ref-type="bibr">2012</xref>, Wikee et al. <xref rid="CIT0097" ref-type="bibr">2013</xref>); DNA sequence analysis is needed to determine if the Chinese specimens belong to <italic>Phyllosticta musarum</italic>.</p><p>104. <italic>Phyllosticta nigro-maculans</italic> Saccardo, Ann. Mycol. 13: 134, 1915.</p><p>→ <italic>Asteromella</italic> sp.</p><p>Hosts: <italic>Pulsatilla chinesis</italic> (Ranunculaceae), <italic>Anemone rivularis</italic> (Ranunculaceae).</p><p>Distribution: Hebei, Liaoning.</p><p>Specimens: HMSAU 2033, HMSAU 66338.</p><p>Notes: There are two <italic>P. nigro-maculans</italic> records, <italic>P. nigro-maculans</italic> Sacc. 1896 from <italic>Orchis epiphytarum</italic> and <italic>P. nigro-maculans</italic> Sacc. 1915 from <italic>Anemone nemorosa</italic>. Both have small, hyaline, cylindrical conidia, 5–6 × 1 μm and 3–3.6 × 1 μm (Saccardo <xref rid="CIT0071" ref-type="bibr">1896</xref>, <xref rid="CIT0076" ref-type="bibr">1915</xref>). The Chinese specimens had conidia ellipsoidal, hyaline, 2–3 × 1–1.5 μm, without mucilaginous sheaths and apical appendages (Bai <xref rid="CIT0003" ref-type="bibr">2003</xref>, p. 166), similar to an <italic>Asteromella</italic> species.</p><p>105. <italic>Phyllosticta nitidula</italic> Durieu & Mont. Syll. Gen. Sp. Crypt. (Paris): 279, 1856.</p><p>→ <italic>Asteromella</italic> sp.</p><p>Host: <italic>Lonicera japonica</italic> (Caprifoliaceae).</p><p>Distribution: Jilin.</p><p>Specimen: HMSAU 1420.</p><p>Notes: <italic>Phyllosticta alpigena</italic> has been reported from <italic>Lonicera nigra</italic> (Saccardo <xref rid="CIT0074" ref-type="bibr">1903</xref>); its conidia are 4–4.5 × 1 μm. This species has been transferred to <italic>Asteromella</italic> as <italic>A. alpigena</italic>. The Chinese record (Bai <xref rid="CIT0003" ref-type="bibr">2003</xref>, p. 64) should not be classified as <italic>Phyllosticta</italic> because of its small conidia (2–4 × 1 μm), and absence of mucilaginous sheaths and apical appendages. It is likely an <italic>Asteromella</italic> species.</p><p>106. <italic>Phyllosticta osmanthi</italic> Tassi, Bull. Labor. Ort. Bot. Siena, 142, 1899.</p><p>→ <italic>Phoma</italic> sp.</p><p>Host: <italic>Osmanthus fragrans</italic> (Oleaceae).</p><p>Distribution: Liaoning.</p><p>Specimen: HMSAU 2347.</p><p>Notes: The description (Bai <xref rid="CIT0003" ref-type="bibr">2003</xref>, p. 146) indicates a <italic>Phoma</italic> species, with conidia ellipsoidal, obtuse at both ends, 4–5 × 1.5–2 μm, without mucilaginous sheaths and apical appendages.</p><p>107. <italic>Phyllosticta osmanthicola</italic> Trichieri, Bull. Orto Bot. Napoli, 3: 4, 1911.</p><p>→ <italic>Phoma</italic> sp.</p><p>Host: <italic>Osmanthus fragrans</italic> (Oleaceae).</p><p>Distribution: Taiwan.</p><p>Specimen: HMSAU 2637.</p><p>Notes: van der Aa revised this species as <italic>Phomopsis osmanthi</italic> based on the original description (Saccardo and Trotter <xref rid="CIT0077" ref-type="bibr">1931</xref>; van der Aa and Vanev <xref rid="CIT0092" ref-type="bibr">2002</xref>). The morphology of Chinese specimen is somewhat similar with the original description (long-ellipsoidal, 1-celled, hyaline, with 2 guttules, 6–8.5 × 2–2.5 μm vs. fusoid, 1-celled, hyaline, with 1–2 guttules, 7–9.5 × 2 μm without mucilaginous sheaths and apical appendages) (Bai <xref rid="CIT0003" ref-type="bibr">2003</xref>, p. 147), while the ampulliform, 1-celled, hyaline conidiogenous cells showed this record should be a <italic>Phoma</italic> species.</p><p>108. <italic>Phyllosticta osteospora</italic> Saccardo, Michelia, 1: 531, 1878.</p><p>Host: <italic>Fraxinus rhynchophylla</italic> (Oleaceae).</p><p>Distribution: Liaoning.</p><p>Specimen: HMSAU1982.</p><p>Notes: This species was reclassified as <italic>Asteromella osteospora</italic> by Rupprecht (<xref rid="CIT0065" ref-type="bibr">1959</xref>), with average conidial size of 7.2 × 1 μm. According to the description and illustration of specimen from China, the conidia are dumb-bell-shaped, 3–6 × 0.7–1 μm, which is shorter than the type of <italic>Asteromella osteospora</italic> (Bai <xref rid="CIT0003" ref-type="bibr">2003</xref>, p. 149). This record is more likely the spermatial stage of a <italic>Phyllosticta</italic> species. Currently, there is no accepted species reported from <italic>Fraxinus</italic> spp.; therefore, more information is needed for this Chinese record.</p><p>109. <italic>Phyllosticta panax</italic> Nakata & Takimoto, in Hara, Pathologia Agriculturalis Plantarum, 5, 1921.</p><p>→ <italic>Phoma</italic> sp.</p><p>Host: <italic>Panax ginseng</italic> (Araliaceae).</p><p>Distribution: Jilin.</p><p>Specimen: HMSAU 988.</p><p>Notes: Bai’s (<xref rid="CIT0003" ref-type="bibr">2003</xref>, p. 55) identification of this species was based on Chi et al. (<xref rid="CIT0016" ref-type="bibr">1966</xref>) and the host. The description indicated a species with conidiogenous cells ampulliform, hyaline, 6–7.5 × 4–5 μm, conidia ovoid, ellipsoidal, 1-celled, hyaline, 4–6 × 1.5–2 μm, without mucilaginous sheaths and apical appendages. This points to a small-spored <italic>Phoma</italic> species.</p><p>110. <italic>Phyllosticta papaya</italic> Saccardo, Malpighia 5: 274, 1891.</p><p>→ <italic>Asteromella</italic> sp.</p><p>Host: <italic>Carica papaya</italic> (Caricaceae).</p><p>Distribution: Guangdong.</p><p>Specimen: HMSAU 2461.</p><p>Notes: Both <italic>Phyllosticta papaya</italic> Saccardo and <italic>P. caricae-papayae</italic> Allesch. have been reported from <italic>Carica papaya</italic> (Saccardo <xref rid="CIT0068" ref-type="bibr">1891</xref>; Hennings <xref rid="CIT0034" ref-type="bibr">1895</xref>). The descriptions of these two species indicate they are <italic>Asteromella</italic> spp. The conidia of the specimen from China were larger than <italic>P. papaya and P. caricae-papayae</italic> (4–5 × 1.5–2 μm, without mucilaginous sheaths and apical appendages) (Bai <xref rid="CIT0003" ref-type="bibr">2003</xref>, p. 67). This is an <italic>Asteromella</italic> species.</p><p>111. <italic>Phyllosticta pharbitis</italic> Saccardo, Michelia, 1: 144, 1878.</p><p>→ <italic>Phoma</italic> sp.</p><p>Host: <italic>Pharbitis hederacea</italic> (Convolvulaceae).</p><p>Distribution: Jilin.</p><p>Specimen: HMSAU 985.</p><p>Notes: The original description of this species indicates a <italic>Phoma</italic> sp. with conidia oblong, 6 × 2–3 μm (Saccardo <xref rid="CIT0066" ref-type="bibr">1878</xref>). The description of the specimen from China is in good accordance with the original description, with conidia 3–6 × 2–2.5 μm, without mucilaginous sheaths and apical appendages (Bai <xref rid="CIT0003" ref-type="bibr">2003</xref>, p. 79).</p><p>112. <italic>Phyllosticta phaseolina</italic> Saccardo, Michelia, 1: 149, 1878.</p><p>→ <italic>Boeremia exigua</italic> (Desm.) Aveskamp, Gruyter & Verkley.</p><p>Hosts: <italic>Dolichos lablab</italic> (Fabaceae), <italic>Phaseolus calcaratus, P. vulgaris</italic> (Fabaceae), <italic>Vigna sinensis</italic> (Fabaceae).</p><p>Distribution: Inner Mongolia, Jilin, Liaoning.</p><p>Specimens: HMSAU 983, HMSAU 852, HMSAU 989, HMSAU 324, HMSAU 2006, HMSAU 703, HMSAU 851.</p><p>Notes: In the original description of <italic>P. phaseolina</italic>, the conidia are oval or ellipsoidal, 6 × 2.5 μm. van der Aa and Vanev (<xref rid="CIT0092" ref-type="bibr">2002</xref>) reclassified this species as <italic>Phoma exigua</italic>, which was treated as a synonym of <italic>Boeremia exigua</italic> (Aveskamp et al. <xref rid="CIT0001" ref-type="bibr">2010</xref>). The conidia of the specimen from China are ovoid or ellipsoidal, 3–6 × 2–2.5 μm (Bai <xref rid="CIT0003" ref-type="bibr">2003</xref>, p. 111); the morphology is in good accordance with <italic>Boeremia exigua</italic>.</p><p>113. <italic>Phyllosticta phellodendri</italic> Negru, in Stud. Univ. Victor babes et Bolyaik Romania, 3: 14, 1958.</p><p>→ <italic>Phoma</italic> sp.</p><p>Host: <italic>Phellodendron amurense</italic> (Rutaceae).</p><p>Distribution: Jilin.</p><p>Specimen: HMSAU 1267.</p><p>Notes: Based on the original description, van der Aa (<xref rid="CIT0090" ref-type="bibr">1973</xref>) indicates this species may be a <italic>Phomopsis</italic> or large-spored <italic>Phoma</italic> species with conidia ellipsoidal, hyaline, 1-celled, 8–10 × 3–3.5 μm (van der Aa and Vanev <xref rid="CIT0092" ref-type="bibr">2002</xref>). The Chinese specimen had smaller conidia lacking mucilaginous sheaths and apical appendages (Bai <xref rid="CIT0003" ref-type="bibr">2003</xref>, p. 194), which points to a small-spored <italic>Phoma</italic> species.</p><p>114. <italic>Phyllosticta phlogis</italic> Vestergen, Cefv. K. Vet-Akad. Forh. Jan., 1: 37, 1897.</p><p>→ <italic>Phoma</italic> sp.</p><p>Host: <italic>Phlox paniculata</italic> (Polemoniaceae).</p><p>Distribution: Liaoning.</p><p>Specimen: HMSAU 2054.</p><p>Notes: The Chinese specimen (Bai <xref rid="CIT0003" ref-type="bibr">2003</xref>, p. 157) had conidia that are 1-celled, hyaline, oval, ellipsoidal, 3–5 × 2–2.5 μm, without mucilaginous sheaths and apical appendages. This is a <italic>Phoma</italic> species.</p><p>115. <italic>Phyllsoticta photinica</italic> Saccardo, Michelia, 1: 276, 1878.</p><p>→ <italic>Asteromella</italic> sp.</p><p>Host: <italic>Photinia glabra</italic> (Rosaceae).</p><p>Distribution: Guizhou.</p><p>Specimen: HMSAU 2726.</p><p>Notes: No fungus described by Saccardo (conidia oblong to ovoid, hyaline or olivaceous, 2–3.5 × 0.75–1 μm) was found on the type specimen (Saccardo <xref rid="CIT0066" ref-type="bibr">1878</xref>; van der Aa and Vanev <xref rid="CIT0092" ref-type="bibr">2002</xref>). The Chinese specimen had similar-sized conidia (2–3 × 0.8–1 μm) that were hyaline, oblong to bacilliform without mucilaginous sheaths and apical appendages (Bai <xref rid="CIT0003" ref-type="bibr">2003</xref>, p. 181). This may be an <italic>Asteromella</italic> species.</p><p>116. <italic>Phyllosticta physaleos</italic> Saccardo, Michelia, 1: 150, 1878.</p><p>→ <italic>Phoma</italic> sp.</p><p>Host: <italic>Physalis alkekengi</italic> var. <italic>franchetii</italic> (Solanaceae).</p><p>Distribution: Heilongjiang.</p><p>Specimen: HMSAU 151.</p><p>Notes: The Chinese specimen had conidia that were ellipsoidal, oval, 1-celled, hyaline, 5–7.5 × 2.5–3 μm (Bai <xref rid="CIT0003" ref-type="bibr">2003</xref>, p. 205), which indicates a <italic>Phoma</italic> species.</p><p>117. <italic>Phyllosticta pirina</italic> Saccardo, Michelia, 1: 134, 1878.</p><p>→ <italic>Phoma pomorum</italic> Thüm.</p><p>Hosts: <italic>Pyrus ussuriensis, Pyrus ussuriensis</italic> var. <italic>ovoidea, Pyrus serotina</italic> (Rosaceae).</p><p>Distribution: Jilin.</p><p>Specimens: HMSAU 739, HMSAU 760, HMSAU 704, HMSAU 738, HMSAU 1913, HMSAU 1133, HMSAU 1172, HMSAU 1173, HMSAU 1176, HMSAU 1175.</p><p>Notes: This species has been revised as <italic>Phoma pomorum</italic>, with conidia variable, mostly ovoid or ellipsoidal, 5–7 × 1.5–3 μm (Boerema <xref rid="CIT0006" ref-type="bibr">1976</xref>; Boerema et al. <xref rid="CIT0009" ref-type="bibr">2004</xref>). The Chinese specimens had ovoid, ellipsoidal, 1-celled, hyaline conidia that measured 4–7 × 2–3.5 μm (Bai <xref rid="CIT0003" ref-type="bibr">2003</xref>, p. 176), in good accordance with Boerema’s description.</p><p>118. <italic>Phyllosticta pisi</italic> Westendorp, Bull. Ac. Belg. Ser., 12(7):569, 1857.</p><p>→ <italic>Phoma</italic> sp.</p><p>Host: <italic>Pisum sativum</italic> (Fabaceae).</p><p>Distribution: Tibet.</p><p>Specimen: HMSAU 2677.</p><p>Notes: van der Aa and Vanev (<xref rid="CIT0092" ref-type="bibr">2002</xref>) considered this species as <italic>Ascochyta pisi</italic>, which has 2-celled conidia (Chilvers et al. <xref rid="CIT0017" ref-type="bibr">2009</xref>). The Chinese specimen had 1-celled conidia that are hyaline, ellipsoidal, 5–8 × 2–2.5 μm, without mucilaginous sheaths and apical appendages (Bai <xref rid="CIT0003" ref-type="bibr">2003</xref>, p. 124), indicating a <italic>Phoma</italic> species.</p><p>119. <italic>Phyllositcta plectranthi</italic> Koval, J. Bot. Acad. Sci. Ukr., 18(2): 76, 1961.</p><p>→ <italic>Phoma</italic> sp.</p><p>Host: <italic>Plectranthus</italic> sp. (Lamiaceae).</p><p>Distribution: Liaoning.</p><p>Specimen: HMSAU 2434.</p><p>Note: The description of the Chinese specimen (Bai <xref rid="CIT0003" ref-type="bibr">2003</xref>, p. 108) indicates a <italic>Phoma</italic> species with conidia ellipsoidal, 5–7.5 × 2.5–3 μm, without mucilaginous sheaths and apical appendages.</p><p>120. <italic>Phyllosticta polygonorum</italic> Saccardo, Michelia, 1: 141, 1878.</p><p>→ <italic>Phoma</italic> sp.</p><p>Hosts: <italic>Fagopyrum esculentum</italic> (Polygonaceae), <italic>Polygonum orientale, P. platyphyllum</italic>, (Polygonaceae).</p><p>Distribution: Heilongjiang, Jilin, Inner Mongolia, Tibet.</p><p>Specimens: HMSAU 63, HMSAU 991, HMSAU 2664, HMSAU 1633, HMSAU 2665.</p><p>Notes: The Chinese specimens had conidia ovoid, ellipsoidal, hyaline, 4–5.5 × 2–3 μm, without mucilaginous sheaths and apical appendages (Bai <xref rid="CIT0003" ref-type="bibr">2003</xref>, p. 161). This represents a small-spored <italic>Phoma</italic> species.</p><p>121. <italic>Phyllosticta populina</italic> Saccardo, Michelia, 1: 155, 1878.</p><p>→ <italic>Phoma</italic> sp.</p><p>Host: <italic>Populus tomentosa</italic> (Saliceae).</p><p>Distribution: Henan.</p><p>Specimen: HMSAU 1186.</p><p>Notes: Several species including <italic>Mycosphaerella populi, Asteromella</italic> sp. and <italic>Phoma</italic> sp. were observed on the type material of <italic>Phyllosticta populina</italic> (van der Aa and Vanev <xref rid="CIT0092" ref-type="bibr">2002</xref>). The Chinese specimen had conidia that are ellipsoidal, oval, hyaline, 3–6 × 2.5–3 μm (Bai <xref rid="CIT0003" ref-type="bibr">2003</xref>, p. 195), which indicates a <italic>Phoma</italic> species.</p><p>122. <italic>Phyllosticta praetervisa</italic> Bubák, Ann. Myc., 2(5):397, 1904.</p><p>Host: <italic>Tilia amurensis</italic> (Malvaceae).</p><p>Distribution: Jilin.</p><p>Specimen: HMSAU 1628.</p><p>Notes: In Bubák’s original description, the conidia are short cylindrical, straight, round at both ends, with 2 guttules, 4–5 × 1 μm (Bubák <xref rid="CIT0014" ref-type="bibr">1904</xref>). This species was later treated as a synonym of <italic>Asteromella praetervisa</italic> (Rupprecht <xref rid="CIT0064" ref-type="bibr">1957</xref>). Bai (<xref rid="CIT0003" ref-type="bibr">2003</xref>, p. 209) described a fungus with conidiogenous cells ampulliform, 1-celled, hyaline, 4–6 × 2.5–4 μm, conidia bacilliform, enlarged at both ends, 4–6 × 0.7–1 μm. Both the description and sketch showed dumb-bell-shaped conidia. This species is more likely a spermatial state of <italic>Phyllosticta</italic> rather than <italic>Asteromella</italic>, but more characterization is needed to cofirm its identity.</p><p>123. <italic>Phyllosticta prinsepiae</italic> G. Z. Lu & J. K. Bai, in Yu et al., Journal of Shenyang Agricultural University, 25: 157, 1994.</p><p>Host: <italic>Prinsepia sinensis</italic> (Rosaceae).</p><p>Distribution: Liaoning.</p><p>Specimen: HMSAU 2046.</p><p>Notes: The original literature did not provide a description of this species (Yu et al. <xref rid="CIT0104" ref-type="bibr">1994</xref>); it is therefore an illegal name. The description of <italic>P. prinsepiae</italic> in Bai (<xref rid="CIT0003" ref-type="bibr">2003</xref>, p. 183) indicated that the conidia of this species are fusiform or kidney-shaped, with pointed ends, 1-celled, hyaline, 6–8 × 1.5–2.5 μm, without mucilaginous sheaths and apical appendages. This fungus does not belong to <italic>Phyllosticta</italic> but more information is needed to confirm its identity.</p><p>124. <italic>Phyllosticta prunicola</italic> (Opiz) Saccardo, Michelia, 1: 157, 1878.</p><p>→ <italic>Phoma pomorum</italic> Thüm.</p><p>Hosts: <italic>Prunus davidiana, P. humulis, P. mandshurica</italic> (Rosaceae).</p><p>Distribution: Jilin.</p><p>Specimens: HMSAU 979, HMSAU 1980, HMSAU 1228, HMSAU 737, HMSAU 893.</p><p>Notes: The morphology of this record from China (Bai <xref rid="CIT0003" ref-type="bibr">2003</xref>, p. 183) is similar to the <italic>P. pirina</italic> record in leaf spots, pycnidia, and conidia, which most likely represents <italic>Phoma pomorum</italic> species (see note of <italic>P. pirina</italic>).</p><p>125. <italic>Phyllosticta rhamni</italic> Westendorp. Bull. Acad. Roy. Belg., 2: 26, 1857.</p><p>→ <italic>Phoma</italic> sp.</p><p>Host: <italic>Rhamnus ussuriensis</italic> (Rhamnaceae).</p><p>Distribution: Liaoning.</p><p>Specimens: HMSAU 1979, HMSAU 2077.</p><p>Notes: Westendorp mistakenly described the spermatial stage of a rust fungus as <italic>Phyllosticta</italic> (van der Aa and Vanev <xref rid="CIT0092" ref-type="bibr">2002</xref>). In the <italic>Flora Fungorum Sinicorum</italic>, Bai (<xref rid="CIT0003" ref-type="bibr">2003</xref>, p. 167) described a coelomycetous fungus, with conidia ovoid or cylindrical, 1-celled, hyaline, 4–7 × 3–4 μm, without mucilaginous sheaths and apical appendages, which indicates a <italic>Phoma</italic> species.</p><p>126. <italic>Phyllosticta rhamnicola</italic> Desmazières, Ann. Sci. Nat., 8: 32, 1847.</p><p>Host: <italic>Rhamnus dahurica</italic> (Rhamnaceae).</p><p>Distribution: Jilin.</p><p>Specimen: HMSAU 1211.</p><p>Notes: van der Aa and Vanev (<xref rid="CIT0092" ref-type="bibr">2002</xref>) indicated that <italic>Mycosphaerella punctiformis</italic> and <italic>Guignardia rhamani</italic> were found on the type specimen of <italic>Phyllosticta rhamnicola</italic>, and the ‘spores’ of <italic>P. rhamnicola</italic> that Desmazières studied were the inner ascomatal cells of <italic>G. rhamani</italic> (van der Aa and Vanev <xref rid="CIT0092" ref-type="bibr">2002</xref>). In the description by Bai (<xref rid="CIT0003" ref-type="bibr">2003</xref>, p. 167), the conidia are fusiform, hyaline, round at both side, and constricted in the middle, 4–6 × 1–1.5 μm; while in the illustration, the conidia are dumb-bell-shaped which is incongruent with the description. More information is needed to confirm its identity.</p><p>127. <italic>Phyllosticta rhei</italic> Ellis & Everhart, Journ. Myc., 5: 145, 1889.</p><p>→ <italic>Phoma</italic> sp.</p><p>Host: <italic>Rheum officinale</italic> (Rumiceae).</p><p>Distribution: Jilin, Sichuan.</p><p>Specimens: HMSAU 992, HMSAU 2640.</p><p>Notes: <italic>Phyllosticta rhei</italic> Ellis & Everhart is a later homonym of <italic>P. rhei</italic> Roumeguère. The original description indicates the existence of septa in the conidia (Ellis and Everhart <xref rid="CIT0025" ref-type="bibr">1889</xref>). This species has been reclassified as <italic>Phoma rhei</italic> by Gruyter et al. (<xref rid="CIT0032" ref-type="bibr">2002</xref>). The Chinese specimens had smaller conidia than that of <italic>Phoma rhei</italic>, and lack mucilaginous sheaths or apical appendages (Bai <xref rid="CIT0003" ref-type="bibr">2003</xref>, p. 162). This record may represent another <italic>Phoma</italic> species.</p><p>128. <italic>Phyllosticta rhododendri</italic> Westendorp, Null. Ac. Bruxell, 18:399, 1851.</p><p>→ <italic>Phoma</italic> sp.</p><p>Host: <italic>Rhododendron micranthum</italic> (Ericaceae).</p><p>Distribution: Liaoning.</p><p>Specimen: HMSAU 2044.</p><p>Notes: The Chinese specimen had conidia that are 1-celled, hyaline, ellipsoidal or cylindrical, 6–7.5 × 2.5–3 μm, without mucilaginous sheaths and apical appendages (Bai <xref rid="CIT0003" ref-type="bibr">2003</xref>, p. 87). This indicates a <italic>Phoma</italic> species.</p><p>129. <italic>Phyllosticta ricini</italic> Rostrup, Bot. Tidsskr., 22: 266, 1899.</p><p>→ <italic>Phoma</italic> sp.</p><p>Host: <italic>Ricinus communis</italic> (Euphorbiaceae).</p><p>Distribution: Jilin.</p><p>Specimen: HMSAU 705.</p><p>Notes: van der Aa and Vanev (<xref rid="CIT0092" ref-type="bibr">2002</xref>) reclassified <italic>Phyllosticta ricini</italic> (conidia 6–7 × 3–4 μm) in <italic>Phoma</italic> species. The Chinese specimen (Bai <xref rid="CIT0003" ref-type="bibr">2003</xref>, p. 94) also pointed to a <italic>Phoma</italic> species but with smaller conidia, 3–5 × 2–3 μm, lacking a mucilaginous sheath and an apical appendage.</p><p>130. <italic>Phyllosticta rosicola</italic> Massalongo, Atti d. R. Istit. venedo disc. lett. ed arti, 59: 687, 1900.</p><p>→ <italic>Asteromella rosicola</italic> (C. Massal.) H. Ruppr.</p><p>Host: <italic>Rosa</italic> sp. (Rosaceae).</p><p>Distribution: Inner Mongolia.</p><p>Specimen: HMSAU 1591.</p><p>Notes: In the original description of <italic>Phyllosticta rosicola</italic>, the conidia are bacilliform, enlarged at both ends, 2.5–4 × 1 μm (Massalongo <xref rid="CIT0045" ref-type="bibr">1900</xref>). In 1959, Rupprecht transferred this species to <italic>Asteromella</italic> (Rupprecht <xref rid="CIT0065" ref-type="bibr">1959</xref>). The Chinese specimen (Bai <xref rid="CIT0003" ref-type="bibr">2003</xref>, p. 188) is morphologically concordant with <italic>Asteromella rosicola</italic>.</p><p>131. <italic>Phyllosticta roumeguerii</italic> Saccardo, Michelia, 2: 88, 1880.</p><p>→ <italic>Phoma</italic> sp.</p><p>Host: <italic>Viburnum sargentii</italic> (Adoxaceae).</p><p>Distribution: Liaoning.</p><p>Specimen: HMSAU 2070.</p><p>Notes: <italic>Phyllosticta roumeguerii</italic> Saccardo and <italic>Phyllosticta roumeguerii</italic> (Saccardo) Allescher have been reclassified as <italic>Phoma exigua</italic> var. <italic>viburni</italic> and <italic>Phomopsis</italic> sp., respectively (van der Aa and Vanev <xref rid="CIT0092" ref-type="bibr">2002</xref>). The Chinese specimen (Bai <xref rid="CIT0003" ref-type="bibr">2003</xref>, p. 66) had conidiogenous cells ampulliform, 1-celled, hyaline, 5–8 × 2 μm, and conidia 1-celled, ellipsoidal, 1–3 guttules, 7–8 × 3–3.5 μm, without mucilaginous sheaths and apical appendages, which indicates a <italic>Phoma</italic> species.</p><p>132. <italic>Phyllosticta ruborum</italic> Saccardo, Michelia, 2: 342, 1880.</p><p>Host: <italic>Rubus phoenicolasius</italic> (Rosaceae).</p><p>Distribution: Shanxi.</p><p>Specimen: HMSAU 2710.</p><p>Notes: van der Aa and Vanev (<xref rid="CIT0092" ref-type="bibr">2002</xref>) reclassified this species as <italic>Phomopsis vepris</italic> (Saccardo) Höhnel. The Chinese specimen had shorter conidia (2–4 × 1–1.5 μm) that lack mucilaginous sheaths and apical appendages (Bai <xref rid="CIT0003" ref-type="bibr">2003</xref>, p. 189). This is not a <italic>Phyllosticta</italic> species, but more information is needed to confirm its identity.</p><p>133. <italic>Phyllosticta saccardoi</italic> Thümen. Contr. Myc. Lusit., 28: 48, 1880.</p><p>→ <italic>Asteromella</italic> sp.</p><p>Host: <italic>Rhododendron micranthum</italic> (Ericaceae).</p><p>Distribution: Liaoning.</p><p>Specimen: HMSAU 159.</p><p>Notes: The Chinese specimen had conidia that are 1-celled, hyaline, ellipsoidal or ovoid, 2–4 × 1–2 μm, without mucilaginous sheaths and apical appendages (Bai <xref rid="CIT0003" ref-type="bibr">2003</xref>, p. 87). This is likely an <italic>Asteromella</italic> species.</p><p>134. <italic>Phyllosticta sanguisorbae</italic> Cochrjakov, Not. Syst. Crypt. Inst. Bot. Acad. Sci. USSR, 7: 145, 1951.</p><p>→ <italic>Phoma</italic> sp.</p><p>Host: <italic>Sanguisorba officinalis</italic> (Rosaceae).</p><p>Distribution: Inner Mongolia.</p><p>Specimen: HMSAU 1584.</p><p>References: Bai (<xref rid="CIT0003" ref-type="bibr">2003</xref>). <italic>Flora Fungorum Sinicorum</italic>, vol. 15, pp. 178–179.</p><p>Notes: van der Aa and Vanev (<xref rid="CIT0092" ref-type="bibr">2002</xref>) indicated that this species could be a <italic>Phomopsis</italic> species with conidia fusiform, 1-celled, biguttulate, 9–12 × 3–4 μm. The Chinese specimen had smaller conidia (5–7 × 2–3 μm) that are oval to ellipsoidal, without mucilaginous sheaths and apical appendages (Bai <xref rid="CIT0003" ref-type="bibr">2003</xref>, p. 178). This is likely a <italic>Phoma</italic> species.</p><p>135. <italic>Phyllosticta sanguisorbicola</italic> G. Z. Lu & J. K. Bai, in Yu et al., Journal of Shenyang Agricultural University, 25: 157, 1994.</p><p>Hosts: <italic>Sanguisorba officinalis</italic> (Rosaceae), <italic>Agrimonia pilosa</italic> (Rosaceae).</p><p>Distribution: Liaoning.</p><p>Specimens: HMSAU 2079, HMSAU 2333.</p><p>Notes: The original literature did not provide a description (Yu et al. <xref rid="CIT0104" ref-type="bibr">1994</xref>). <italic>Phyllosticta sanguisorbicola</italic> is thus an illegal name. The Chinese specimens had conidia that are bacilliform or kidney-shaped, with round ends, 1-celled, hyaline, 3–4 × 0.5–0.7 μm, without mucilaginous sheaths and apical appendages (Bai <xref rid="CIT0003" ref-type="bibr">2003</xref>, p. 190), typically not a <italic>Phyllosticta</italic> species. More information is needed to confirm its identity.</p><p>136. <italic>Phyllosticta schimae</italic> Y.Y. Su & L. Cai, Persoonia, 28: 76, 2012.</p><p>Host: <italic>Schima superba</italic> (Theaceae).</p><p>Distribution: Zhejiang.</p><p>Specimen: HMAS242923 (holotype).</p><p>Note: This species is an accepted <italic>Phyllosticta</italic> species with typical morphology and strong phylogenetic inference (Su and Cai <xref rid="CIT0081" ref-type="bibr">2012</xref>; ITS GenBank number: JN692534).</p><p>137. <italic>Phyllosticta scrophulariae</italic> Saccardo, Michelia, 1: 159, 1878.</p><p>→ <italic>Phoma</italic> sp.</p><p>Host: <italic>Scrophularia grayana</italic> (Scrophulariaceae).</p><p>Distribution: Jilin.</p><p>Specimens: HMSAU 1131, HMSAU 1178, HMSAU 1260.</p><p>Notes: van der Aa and Vanev (<xref rid="CIT0092" ref-type="bibr">2002</xref>) studied the type material and reclassified this species as a <italic>Phoma</italic> anamorph of <italic>Didymella exigua</italic>. The Chinese specimens had conidia that are ellipsoid to cylindrical, 1-celled, hyaline, 3–7.5 × 1.5–2.5 μm, without mucilaginous sheaths and apical appendages (Bai <xref rid="CIT0003" ref-type="bibr">2003</xref>, p. 200), which indicates a <italic>Phoma</italic> species.</p><p>138. <italic>Phyllosticta schimicola</italic> N. Zhou et al. Fungal Biol. X: X, 2015.</p><p>Host: <italic>Schima superb</italic> (Theaceae).</p><p>Distribution: Jiangxi.</p><p>Specimens: HMAS 245575, CGMCC 3.17319, CGMCC 3.17320.</p><p>Note: This species is an accepted <italic>Phyllosticta</italic> species with typical morphology and strong phylogenetic inference (Zhou et al. <xref rid="CIT0107" ref-type="bibr">2015</xref>).</p><p>139. <italic>Phyllosticta smilacina</italic> Spegazzini, Fg. Arg. Novi v. crit., 315, 1899.</p><p>→ <italic>Phoma</italic> sp.</p><p>Host: <italic>Smilax campestris</italic> (Smilacaceae).</p><p>Distribution: Shanxi.</p><p>Specimen: HMSAU 2604.</p><p>Notes: van der Aa and Vanev (<xref rid="CIT0092" ref-type="bibr">2002</xref>) reclassified this species as <italic>Phomopsis brunneola</italic>, with conidia ellipsoidal, 5–8 × 2–3 μm. The Chinese specimen had similar-sized conidia that are oval to ellipsoidal, without mucilaginous sheaths and apical appendages (Bai <xref rid="CIT0003" ref-type="bibr">2003</xref>, p. 129), and conidiogenous cells that are ampulliform, 1-celled, hyaline, 4–5 × 2–4 μm. This record is more likely a <italic>Phoma</italic> species.</p><p>140. <italic>Phyllosticta sonchi</italic> Sacc., Michelia, 1: 141, 1878.</p><p>→ <italic>Boeremia exigua</italic> (Desm.) Aveskamp, Gruyter & Verkley.</p><p>Host: <italic>Ixeris sonchifolia</italic> (Asteraceae).</p><p>Distribution: Liaoning.</p><p>Specimen: HMSAU 2351.</p><p>Notes: van der Aa and Vanev (<xref rid="CIT0092" ref-type="bibr">2002</xref>) reclassified this speices as <italic>Boeremia exigua</italic>. The Chinese specimen had conidia that are 1-celled, hyaline, ellipsoidal, 6–8 × 2.5–3 μm, without mucilaginous sheaths and apical appendages (Bai <xref rid="CIT0003" ref-type="bibr">2003</xref>, p. 78), which is in accordance with <italic>Boeremia exigua</italic>.</p><p>141. <italic>Phyllosticta sophoricola</italic> Hollós., Ann. Mus. Nat. Hung., 5: 456, 1907.</p><p>→ <italic>Phoma</italic> sp.</p><p>Host: <italic>Sophora japonica</italic> (Fabaceae).</p><p>Distribution: Liaoning.</p><p>Specimen: HMSAU 2041.</p><p>Note: The description and brief sketch (Bai <xref rid="CIT0003" ref-type="bibr">2003</xref>, p. 114) indicates a <italic>Phoma</italic> species with conidia oval or ellipsoidal, 5–7 × 3–4 μm, without mucilaginous sheaths and apical appendages.</p><p>142. <italic>Phyllosticta sorghina</italic> Sacc., Michelia, 1: 140, 1878.</p><p>→ <italic>Phoma sorghina</italic> (Sacc.) Boerema, Dorenb. & Kesteren.</p><p>Hosts: <italic>Sorghum vulgaris, S. vulgaris</italic> var. <italic>sudanese, Panicum miliaceum</italic> (Poaceae).</p><p>Distribution: Jilin, Mongolia.</p><p>Specimens: HMSAU 657, HMSAU 844, HMSAU 706, HMSAU 853, HMSAU 801.</p><p>Notes: <italic>Phyllosticta sorghina</italic> has been reclassified as <italic>Phoma sorghina</italic> (Sacc.) Boerema, Dorenb & Kesteren (Boerema <xref rid="CIT0007" ref-type="bibr">1993</xref>). The Chinese specimens had conidia that are ellipsoidal, sometimes curved, 3–6 × 2–2.5 μm, without mucilaginous sheaths and apical appendages (Bai <xref rid="CIT0003" ref-type="bibr">2003</xref>, p. 103), similar to <italic>Phoma sorghina</italic> (Boerema et al. <xref rid="CIT0009" ref-type="bibr">2004</xref>).</p><p>143. <italic>Phyllosticta spermoides</italic> Peck, Rep. (Annual) Trustees State Mus. Nat. Hist., New York 40: 58, 1887.</p><p>→ <italic>Asteromella</italic> sp.</p><p>Host: <italic>Vitis amurensis</italic> (Vitaceae).</p><p>Distribution: Liaoning.</p><p>Specimen: HMSAU 1984.</p><p>Notes: The conidia of the Chinese specimen are bacilliform, 1-celled, hyaline, 3–5 × 0.8–1 μm, without mucilaginous sheaths and apical appendages (Bai <xref rid="CIT0003" ref-type="bibr">2003</xref>, p. 218). These characters are in agreement with <italic>Asteromella</italic> species (van der Aa and Vanev <xref rid="CIT0092" ref-type="bibr">2002</xref>).</p><p>144. <italic>Phyllosticta spuriopimpinellae</italic> G.Z. Lu & J.K. Bai, in Yu et al., Journal of Shenyang Agricultural University, 25: 157, 1994.</p><p>→ <italic>Phoma</italic> sp.</p><p>Host: <italic>Spuriopimpinella brachycarpa</italic> (Apiaceae).</p><p>Distribution: Jilin.</p><p>Specimen: HMSAU 2038.</p><p>Notes: No description was provided when this species was first reported (Yu et al. <xref rid="CIT0104" ref-type="bibr">1994</xref>). In Bai’s description (<xref rid="CIT0003" ref-type="bibr">2003</xref>, p. 214), the specimen has conidia that are oval, 1-celled, hyaline, 2.5–4 × 1–1.5 μm, without mucilaginous sheaths and apical appendages. The conidial size is remarkably smaller than typical <italic>Phyllosticta</italic> species. Based on these morphological characters, we regarded that this specimen belong to a small-spored <italic>Phoma</italic> species.</p><p>145. <italic>Phyllosticta sterculiae</italic> G. Winter, Bolm soc. Broteriana, Coimbra, Ser. 12: 54, 1884.</p><p>→ <italic>Phomopsis</italic> sp.</p><p>Host: <italic>Sterculia wallichii</italic> (Malvaceae).</p><p>Distribution: Hainan.</p><p>Specimen: HMSAU 2209.</p><p>Notes: The Chinese specimen had conidiogenous cells that are ampulliform, 1-celled, hyaline, 10–17.5 × 2.5–3.5 μm, and conidia that are fusiform or oval, with pointed ends, 5–7.5 × 2–2.5 μm, without mucilaginous sheaths and apical appendages (Bai <xref rid="CIT0003" ref-type="bibr">2003</xref>, p. 206). The description points to a <italic>Phomopsis</italic> species with α-conidia.</p><p>146. <italic>Phyllosticta styracicola</italic> K. Zhang & L. Cai, Mycol. Prog. 12(3), 2012.</p><p>Host: <italic>Styrax grandiflorus</italic> (Styracaceae).</p><p>Distribution: Yunnan.</p><p>Specimen: HMAS 243474 (holotype).</p><p>Note: This species is an accepted <italic>Phyllosticta</italic> species with typical morphology and well-inferred phylogeny (Zhang, Zhang, et al. <xref rid="CIT0106" ref-type="bibr">2013</xref>; ITS GenBank number: JX025040).</p><p>147. <italic>Phyllosticta syringae</italic> Westendorp, Bull. Acad. R. Sci. Belg., Cl. Sci. 18: 23, 1852.</p><p>→ <italic>Phoma</italic> sp.</p><p>Host: <italic>Syringa amurensis</italic> (Oleaceae).</p><p>Distribution: Liaoning.</p><p>Specimen: HMSAU 2234.</p><p>Notes: Bresadola (<xref rid="CIT0010" ref-type="bibr">1894</xref>) transferred this species to <italic>Ascochyta</italic>. According to the original description of <italic>Ascochyta syringae</italic>, the conidia are 1-septate, but the conidia of the Chinese specimen are aseptate. In addition, both in the original and later description, the conidia of <italic>Ascochyta syringae</italic> are larger than that of the Chinese specimen (8–10 × 3–3.5 μm vs. 4–7.5 × 2–2.5 μm) (Bai <xref rid="CIT0003" ref-type="bibr">2003</xref>, p. 151). The description of this record indicates a <italic>Phoma</italic> species.</p><p>148. <italic>Phyllosticta tabaci</italic> Passerini, Atti Soc. Crittogam. Ital. 3: 13, 1881.</p><p>→ <italic>Phoma</italic> sp.</p><p>Host: <italic>Nicotiana tabacum</italic> (Solanaceae).</p><p>Distribution: Jilin.</p><p>Specimen: HMSAU 986.</p><p>Notes: The conidia of this record are cylindrical, ellipsoidal, 1-celled, hyaline, 4–7 × 2–3 μm, without mucilaginous sheaths and apical appendages (Bai <xref rid="CIT0003" ref-type="bibr">2003</xref>, p. 203). This is likely a <italic>Phoma</italic> species.</p><p>149. <italic>Phyllosticta theacearum</italic> van der Aa, Studies in Mycology, 5: 97, 1973.</p><p>→ <italic>Phyllosticta capitalensis</italic> Henn.</p><p>Host: <italic>Camellia sinensis</italic> (Theaceae).</p><p>Distribution: Shandong.</p><p>Specimen: MHQAU0192.</p><p>Notes: <italic>P. theacearum</italic> has been treated as a synonym of <italic>P. capitalensis</italic> (Baayen et al. <xref rid="CIT0002" ref-type="bibr">2002</xref>). Jin (<xref rid="CIT0039" ref-type="bibr">2011</xref>) identified one isolate as <italic>P. theacearum</italic> (Jin <xref rid="CIT0039" ref-type="bibr">2011</xref>). However, no detailed description or DNA sequence was provided except an illustration of conidia. Based on the provided information, we regarded this record as <italic>P. capitalensis.</italic></p><p>150. <italic>Phyllosticta ulmariae</italic> Thümen, Byull. Mosk. Obshch. Ispyt. Prir., boil. 55: 229, 1878.</p><p>→ <italic>Phoma</italic> sp.</p><p>Hosts: <italic>Spiraea pubescens, S. trilobata</italic> (Rosaceae).</p><p>Distribution: Hebei.</p><p>Specimens: HMSAU 6635, HMSAU 2612.</p><p>Note: This is a <italic>Phoma</italic> species with conidia ellipsoidal, 1-celled, 4–6 × 2.5–3 μm, without mucilaginous sheaths and apical appendages (Bai <xref rid="CIT0003" ref-type="bibr">2003</xref>, p. 185).</p><p>151. <italic>Phyllosticta ulmicola</italic> Sacc., Michelia, 1: 158, 1878.</p><p>→ <italic>Phoma</italic> sp.</p><p>Host: <italic>Ulmus macrocarpa</italic> (Ulmaceae).</p><p>Distribution: Liaoning.</p><p>Specimen: HMSAU 1532.</p><p>Notes: In Saccardo’s original description, the conidia are oblong or ellipsoidal, 6 × 3 μm, hyaline to olivaceous. It has been transferred to <italic>Microsphaeropsis</italic> (van der Aa and Vanev <xref rid="CIT0092" ref-type="bibr">2002</xref>). Bai (<xref rid="CIT0003" ref-type="bibr">2003</xref>, p. 211) described a fungus with oval, ellipsoidal, hyaline conidia, 4–6 × 2–3 μm, without mucilaginous sheaths and apical appendages, which should be a <italic>Phoma</italic> species.</p><p>152. <italic>Phyllosticta vaccinii</italic> Earle, Bull. Torr. Bot. Club 24: 31, 1897.</p><p>→ <italic>Phoma</italic> sp.</p><p>Host: <italic>Vaccinium vitis-idaea</italic> (Ericaceae).</p><p>Distribution: Inner Mongolia.</p><p>Specimen: HMSAU 1627.</p><p>References: Bai <xref rid="CIT0003" ref-type="bibr">2003</xref>. <italic>Flora Fungorum Sinicorum</italic>, vol. 15, pp. 90–91.</p><p>Notes: <italic>Phyllosticta vaccinii</italic> is an accepted species according to Aa’s examination of type specimen (van der Aa <xref rid="CIT0090" ref-type="bibr">1973</xref>; van der Aa and Vanev <xref rid="CIT0092" ref-type="bibr">2002</xref>), which has recently been epitypified (Zhang, Zhang, et al. <xref rid="CIT0106" ref-type="bibr">2013</xref>). The conidial size of the ex-epitype strain is 7.5–13 × 5–7.5 μm (Zhang, Zhang, et al. <xref rid="CIT0106" ref-type="bibr">2013</xref>). Another accepted <italic>Phyllosticta</italic> species from <italic>Vaccinium</italic> sp. is <italic>P. elongata</italic> (conidial size 12 × 6 μm) (Weidemann et al. <xref rid="CIT0095" ref-type="bibr">1982</xref>). The Chinese specimen (Bai <xref rid="CIT0003" ref-type="bibr">2003</xref>, p. 90) appears to be a <italic>Phoma</italic> species with small conidia (4–8 × 2–4 μm).</p><p>153. <italic>Phyllosticta valerianae-tripteris</italic> Unamuno, Mem. R. Soc. Espan. Hist. Nat., 15: 348, 1929.</p><p>Host: <italic>Patrinia scabiosaefolia</italic> (Caprifoliaceae).</p><p>Distribution: Liaoning.</p><p>Specimen: HMSAU 2606.</p><p>Notes: This species associated with <italic>Valeriana</italic> species has been reclassified by Gruyter and Noordeloos (<xref rid="CIT0033" ref-type="bibr">1992</xref>) as <italic>Phoma valerianae</italic> based on morphology. Recently, De Gruyter et al. <xref rid="CIT0021" ref-type="bibr">2013</xref>) transferred <italic>Phoma valerianae</italic> to <italic>Subplenodomus</italic> based on the phylogeny based on LSU and ITS sequences. The Chinese specimen was associated with <italic>Patrinia</italic> sp. with bacilliform or oblong, 3–4 × 1–1.5 μm conidia without mucilaginous sheaths and apical appendages (Bai <xref rid="CIT0003" ref-type="bibr">2003</xref>, p. 217). More information is needed to determine if this species should be reclassified as <italic>Subplenodomus valerianae.</italic></p><p>154. <italic>Phyllosticta vesicatoria</italic> Thümen, Flora, Regensburg 61: 177, 1878.</p><p>→ <italic>Asteromella quercifolii</italic> C. Massal.</p><p>Host: <italic>Cyclobalanopsis morii</italic> (Fagaceae).</p><p>Distribution: Liaoning, Jilin, Taiwan, Tibet.</p><p>Specimens: HMSAU 2636, HMSAU 2747, HMSAU 1463, HMSAU 1530.</p><p>Notes: The Chinese specimens had conidia that measured 2–5 × 1–1.5 μm, smaller than any accepted <italic>Phyllosticta</italic> species (Bai <xref rid="CIT0003" ref-type="bibr">2003</xref>, p. 98). There are another two <italic>Phyllosticta</italic> species on <italic>Quercus</italic> sp., i.e. <italic>P. livida</italic> and <italic>P. associate</italic>, with similar conidial sizes 3 × 1 μm and 2–4 × 1 μm respectively. All of these recordes may be <italic>Asteromella quercifolii</italic> (Saccardo <xref rid="CIT0069" ref-type="bibr">1892</xref>).</p><p>155. <italic>Phyllosticta vitis</italic> Sacc., Michelia, 1: 135, 1878.</p><p>→ <italic>Phoma</italic> sp.</p><p>Host: <italic>Vitis amurensis</italic> (Vitaceae).</p><p>Distribution: Jilin.</p><p>Specimen: HMSAU 2055.</p><p>References: Bai (<xref rid="CIT0003" ref-type="bibr">2003</xref>). <italic>Flora Fungorum Sinicorum</italic>, vol. 15, pp. 221–222.</p><p>Notes: The only accepted <italic>Phyllosticta</italic> species described from <italic>Vitis</italic> was <italic>P. ampecilicida. P. vitis</italic> has been revised as <italic>Phoma negriana</italic> (Thümen <xref rid="CIT0088" ref-type="bibr">1878</xref>; van der Aa and Vanev <xref rid="CIT0092" ref-type="bibr">2002</xref>), with conidia broadly ellipsoidal to oblong, with 2 guttules, 4.5–8.5 × 2–4 μm. The Chinese specimen had conidia that are ovoid, ellipsoidal, 1-celled, hyaline, 3–6 × 1.5–2.5 μm (Bai <xref rid="CIT0003" ref-type="bibr">2003</xref>, p. 221). This is a small-spored <italic>Phoma</italic> species.</p><p>156. <italic>Phyllosticta zeae</italic> G. L. Stout, Mycologia, 22: 281, 1930.</p><p>→ <italic>Phoma</italic> sp.</p><p>Host: <italic>Zea mays</italic> (Poaceae).</p><p>Distribution: Tibet.</p><p>Specimen: HMSAU 2675.</p><p>Notes: <italic>Phyllosticta zeae, P. hispida, P. maydis, P. sorghina</italic> and <italic>P. zeae-maydis</italic> have been recorded associated with <italic>Zea</italic> spp. These species have been reclassified as <italic>Asteromella</italic> sp., <italic>Phoma zeae-maydis, Epicoccum sorghi</italic>, or <italic>Phoma</italic> sp. (van der Aa and Vanev <xref rid="CIT0092" ref-type="bibr">2002</xref>). The Chinese specimen had conidia that were hyaline, 1-celled, ellipsoidal, 4–7 × 2–2.65 μm (Bai <xref rid="CIT0003" ref-type="bibr">2003</xref>, p. 100), which are morphologically similar to that of <italic>P. zeae</italic> G.L. Stout (Stout <xref rid="CIT0080" ref-type="bibr">1930</xref>) and <italic>Phoma zeae-maydis</italic> Sawada (Sawada <xref rid="CIT0078" ref-type="bibr">1959</xref>). Both may belong to <italic>Phoma</italic> (Punithalingam <xref rid="CIT0062" ref-type="bibr">1990</xref>).</p><p>157. <italic>Phyllosticta zingiberi</italic> Hori, in Hara, Z. S. B., 438, 1930.</p><p>→ <italic>Phoma</italic> sp.</p><p>Host: <italic>Zingiber officinale</italic> (Zingiberaceae).</p><p>Distribution: Guangdong.</p><p>Specimen: HMSAU 2203.</p><p>Notes: The Chinese specimen had conidia that are ellipsoidal or oval, 1-celled, hyaline, 5–6 × 2.5–3 μm, without mucilaginouse sheaths and apical appendages (Bai <xref rid="CIT0003" ref-type="bibr">2003</xref>, p. 222). This indicates a <italic>Phoma</italic> species.</p><p>158. <italic>Phyllosticta zizyphi</italic> Thümen, Hedwigia 19: 180, 1880.</p><p>→ <italic>Microsphaeropsis</italic> sp.</p><p>Host: <italic>Ziziphus jujuba</italic> (Rhamnaceae).</p><p>Distribution: Liaoning.</p><p>Specimen: HMSAU 2040.</p><p>Notes: In the original description of <italic>P. zizyphi</italic>, Thümen did not indicate whether the conidia were hyaline or pigmented (Thümen <xref rid="CIT0089" ref-type="bibr">1880</xref>). In van der Aa and Vanev’s (<xref rid="CIT0092" ref-type="bibr">2002</xref>) re-description, the conidia of <italic>P. zizyphi</italic> were given as broadly ellipsoidial, 1-celled, hyaline, 4–6 × 2–3 μm. The Chinese specimen had conidia that were oval or ellipsoidal, 1-celled, hyaline or brown, 5–7.5 × 3–4.5 μm, without mucilaginous sheaths and apical appendages (Bai <xref rid="CIT0003" ref-type="bibr">2003</xref>, p. 170). 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