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<title xml:lang="en">Mapping the genetic and tissular diversity of 64 phenolic compounds in
<italic>Citrus</italic>
species using a UPLC–MS approach</title>
<author>
<name sortKey="Durand Hulak, Marie" sort="Durand Hulak, Marie" uniqKey="Durand Hulak M" first="Marie" last="Durand-Hulak">Marie Durand-Hulak</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="mcv012-AFF1">CIRAD, UMR AGAP, F-20230 San Giuliano, France,</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="mcv012-AFF1">INRA, UMR AGAP, F-20230 San Giuliano, France,</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Dugrand, Audray" sort="Dugrand, Audray" uniqKey="Dugrand A" first="Audray" last="Dugrand">Audray Dugrand</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="mcv012-AFF1">Université de Lorraine, UMR 1121 Laboratoire Agronomie et Environnement Nancy-Colmar, 2 avenue de la forêt de Haye, TSA 40602, F-54518 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France,</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Duval, Thibault" sort="Duval, Thibault" uniqKey="Duval T" first="Thibault" last="Duval">Thibault Duval</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="mcv012-AFF1">Université de Lorraine, UMR 1121 Laboratoire Agronomie et Environnement Nancy-Colmar, 2 avenue de la forêt de Haye, TSA 40602, F-54518 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France,</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Bidel, Luc P R" sort="Bidel, Luc P R" uniqKey="Bidel L" first="Luc P. R." last="Bidel">Luc P. R. Bidel</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="mcv012-AFF1">INRA, UMR AGAP, Place P. Viala, F-34060 Montpellier, France,</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Jay Allemand, Christian" sort="Jay Allemand, Christian" uniqKey="Jay Allemand C" first="Christian" last="Jay-Allemand">Christian Jay-Allemand</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff wicri:cut=" and" id="mcv012-AFF1">Université Montpellier II, UMR DIADE, F-34394 Montpellier, France</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Froelicher, Yann" sort="Froelicher, Yann" uniqKey="Froelicher Y" first="Yann" last="Froelicher">Yann Froelicher</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="mcv012-AFF1">CIRAD, UMR AGAP, F-20230 San Giuliano, France,</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Bourgaud, Frederic" sort="Bourgaud, Frederic" uniqKey="Bourgaud F" first="Frédéric" last="Bourgaud">Frédéric Bourgaud</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="mcv012-AFF1">Université de Lorraine, UMR 1121 Laboratoire Agronomie et Environnement Nancy-Colmar, 2 avenue de la forêt de Haye, TSA 40602, F-54518 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France,</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Fanciullino, Anne Laure" sort="Fanciullino, Anne Laure" uniqKey="Fanciullino A" first="Anne-Laure" last="Fanciullino">Anne-Laure Fanciullino</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="mcv012-AFF1">INRA, UMR AGAP, F-20230 San Giuliano, France,</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="mcv012-AFF1">INRA, UR 1115, Plantes et Systèmes de Culture Horticoles, Domaine St-Paul – Site Agroparc, F-84914 Avignon, France</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
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<idno type="pmid">25757470</idno>
<idno type="pmc">4373293</idno>
<idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4373293</idno>
<idno type="RBID">PMC:4373293</idno>
<idno type="doi">10.1093/aob/mcv012</idno>
<date when="2015">2015</date>
<idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">000C12</idno>
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<analytic>
<title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Mapping the genetic and tissular diversity of 64 phenolic compounds in
<italic>Citrus</italic>
species using a UPLC–MS approach</title>
<author>
<name sortKey="Durand Hulak, Marie" sort="Durand Hulak, Marie" uniqKey="Durand Hulak M" first="Marie" last="Durand-Hulak">Marie Durand-Hulak</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="mcv012-AFF1">CIRAD, UMR AGAP, F-20230 San Giuliano, France,</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="mcv012-AFF1">INRA, UMR AGAP, F-20230 San Giuliano, France,</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Dugrand, Audray" sort="Dugrand, Audray" uniqKey="Dugrand A" first="Audray" last="Dugrand">Audray Dugrand</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="mcv012-AFF1">Université de Lorraine, UMR 1121 Laboratoire Agronomie et Environnement Nancy-Colmar, 2 avenue de la forêt de Haye, TSA 40602, F-54518 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France,</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Duval, Thibault" sort="Duval, Thibault" uniqKey="Duval T" first="Thibault" last="Duval">Thibault Duval</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="mcv012-AFF1">Université de Lorraine, UMR 1121 Laboratoire Agronomie et Environnement Nancy-Colmar, 2 avenue de la forêt de Haye, TSA 40602, F-54518 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France,</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Bidel, Luc P R" sort="Bidel, Luc P R" uniqKey="Bidel L" first="Luc P. R." last="Bidel">Luc P. R. Bidel</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="mcv012-AFF1">INRA, UMR AGAP, Place P. Viala, F-34060 Montpellier, France,</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Jay Allemand, Christian" sort="Jay Allemand, Christian" uniqKey="Jay Allemand C" first="Christian" last="Jay-Allemand">Christian Jay-Allemand</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff wicri:cut=" and" id="mcv012-AFF1">Université Montpellier II, UMR DIADE, F-34394 Montpellier, France</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Froelicher, Yann" sort="Froelicher, Yann" uniqKey="Froelicher Y" first="Yann" last="Froelicher">Yann Froelicher</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="mcv012-AFF1">CIRAD, UMR AGAP, F-20230 San Giuliano, France,</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Bourgaud, Frederic" sort="Bourgaud, Frederic" uniqKey="Bourgaud F" first="Frédéric" last="Bourgaud">Frédéric Bourgaud</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="mcv012-AFF1">Université de Lorraine, UMR 1121 Laboratoire Agronomie et Environnement Nancy-Colmar, 2 avenue de la forêt de Haye, TSA 40602, F-54518 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France,</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Fanciullino, Anne Laure" sort="Fanciullino, Anne Laure" uniqKey="Fanciullino A" first="Anne-Laure" last="Fanciullino">Anne-Laure Fanciullino</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="mcv012-AFF1">INRA, UMR AGAP, F-20230 San Giuliano, France,</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="mcv012-AFF1">INRA, UR 1115, Plantes et Systèmes de Culture Horticoles, Domaine St-Paul – Site Agroparc, F-84914 Avignon, France</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
</analytic>
<series>
<title level="j">Annals of Botany</title>
<idno type="ISSN">0305-7364</idno>
<idno type="eISSN">1095-8290</idno>
<imprint>
<date when="2015">2015</date>
</imprint>
</series>
</biblStruct>
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<front>
<div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">
<p>
<bold>Background and Aims</bold>
Phenolic compounds contribute to food quality and have potential health benefits. Consequently, they are an important target of selection for
<italic>Citrus</italic>
species. Numerous studies on this subject have revealed new molecules, potential biosynthetic pathways and linkage between species. Although polyphenol profiles are correlated with gene expression, which is responsive to developmental and environmental cues, these factors are not monitored in most studies. A better understanding of the biosynthetic pathway and its regulation requires more information about environmental conditions, tissue specificity and connections between competing sub-pathways. This study proposes a rapid method, from sampling to analysis, that allows the quantitation of multiclass phenolic compounds across contrasting tissues and cultivars.</p>
<p>
<bold>Methods</bold>
Leaves and fruits of 11 cultivated citrus of commercial interest were collected from adult trees grown in an experimental orchard. Sixty-four phenolic compounds were simultaneously quantified by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry.</p>
<p>
<bold>Key Results</bold>
Combining data from vegetative tissues with data from fruit tissues improved cultivar classification based on polyphenols. The analysis of metabolite distribution highlighted the massive accumulation of specific phenolic compounds in leaves and the external part of the fruit pericarp, which reflects their involvement in plant defence. The overview of the biosynthetic pathway obtained confirmed some regulatory steps, for example those catalysed by rhamnosyltransferases. The results suggest that three other steps are responsible for the different metabolite profiles in ‘Clementine’ and ‘Star Ruby’ grapefruit.</p>
<p>
<bold>Conclusions</bold>
The method described provides a high-throughput method to study the distribution of phenolic compounds across contrasting tissues and cultivars in
<italic>Citrus</italic>
, and offers the opportunity to investigate their regulation and physiological roles. The method was validated in four different tissues and allowed the identification and quantitation of 64 phenolic compounds in 20 min, which represents an improvement over existing methods of analysing multiclass polyphenols.</p>
</div>
</front>
</TEI>
<pmc article-type="research-article">
<pmc-comment>The publisher of this article does not allow downloading of the full text in XML form.</pmc-comment>
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Ann Bot</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">Ann. Bot</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">annbot</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="hwp">annbot</journal-id>
<journal-title-group>
<journal-title>Annals of Botany</journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="ppub">0305-7364</issn>
<issn pub-type="epub">1095-8290</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name>Oxford University Press</publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id pub-id-type="pmid">25757470</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="pmc">4373293</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1093/aob/mcv012</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">mcv012</article-id>
<article-categories>
<subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
<subject>Technical Article</subject>
</subj-group>
</article-categories>
<title-group>
<article-title>Mapping the genetic and tissular diversity of 64 phenolic compounds in
<italic>Citrus</italic>
species using a UPLC–MS approach</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Durand-Hulak</surname>
<given-names>Marie</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="mcv012-AFF1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="mcv012-AFF1">
<sup>2</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Dugrand</surname>
<given-names>Audray</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="mcv012-AFF1">
<sup>3</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Duval</surname>
<given-names>Thibault</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="mcv012-AFF1">
<sup>3</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Bidel</surname>
<given-names>Luc P. R.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="mcv012-AFF1">
<sup>4</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Jay-Allemand</surname>
<given-names>Christian</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="mcv012-AFF1">
<sup>5</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Froelicher</surname>
<given-names>Yann</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="mcv012-AFF1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="corresp" rid="mcv012-COR1">*</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Bourgaud</surname>
<given-names>Frédéric</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="mcv012-AFF1">
<sup>3</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Fanciullino</surname>
<given-names>Anne-Laure</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="mcv012-AFF1">
<sup>2</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="mcv012-AFF1">
<sup>6</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<aff id="mcv012-AFF1">
<sup>1</sup>
CIRAD, UMR AGAP, F-20230 San Giuliano, France,
<sup>2</sup>
INRA, UMR AGAP, F-20230 San Giuliano, France,
<sup>3</sup>
Université de Lorraine, UMR 1121 Laboratoire Agronomie et Environnement Nancy-Colmar, 2 avenue de la forêt de Haye, TSA 40602, F-54518 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France,
<sup>4</sup>
INRA, UMR AGAP, Place P. Viala, F-34060 Montpellier, France,
<sup>5</sup>
Université Montpellier II, UMR DIADE, F-34394 Montpellier, France and
<sup>6</sup>
INRA, UR 1115, Plantes et Systèmes de Culture Horticoles, Domaine St-Paul – Site Agroparc, F-84914 Avignon, France</aff>
</contrib-group>
<author-notes>
<corresp id="mcv012-COR1">* For correspondence. E-mail
<email>froelicher@cirad.fr</email>
</corresp>
</author-notes>
<pub-date pub-type="ppub">
<month>4</month>
<year>2015</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>09</day>
<month>3</month>
<year>2015</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>115</volume>
<issue>5</issue>
<fpage>861</fpage>
<lpage>877</lpage>
<history>
<date date-type="received">
<day>24</day>
<month>10</month>
<year>2014</year>
</date>
<date date-type="rev-recd">
<day>10</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2014</year>
</date>
<date date-type="accepted">
<day>13</day>
<month>1</month>
<year>2015</year>
</date>
</history>
<permissions>
<copyright-statement>© The Author 2015. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Annals of Botany Company. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oup.com</copyright-statement>
<copyright-year>2015</copyright-year>
</permissions>
<abstract>
<p>
<bold>Background and Aims</bold>
Phenolic compounds contribute to food quality and have potential health benefits. Consequently, they are an important target of selection for
<italic>Citrus</italic>
species. Numerous studies on this subject have revealed new molecules, potential biosynthetic pathways and linkage between species. Although polyphenol profiles are correlated with gene expression, which is responsive to developmental and environmental cues, these factors are not monitored in most studies. A better understanding of the biosynthetic pathway and its regulation requires more information about environmental conditions, tissue specificity and connections between competing sub-pathways. This study proposes a rapid method, from sampling to analysis, that allows the quantitation of multiclass phenolic compounds across contrasting tissues and cultivars.</p>
<p>
<bold>Methods</bold>
Leaves and fruits of 11 cultivated citrus of commercial interest were collected from adult trees grown in an experimental orchard. Sixty-four phenolic compounds were simultaneously quantified by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry.</p>
<p>
<bold>Key Results</bold>
Combining data from vegetative tissues with data from fruit tissues improved cultivar classification based on polyphenols. The analysis of metabolite distribution highlighted the massive accumulation of specific phenolic compounds in leaves and the external part of the fruit pericarp, which reflects their involvement in plant defence. The overview of the biosynthetic pathway obtained confirmed some regulatory steps, for example those catalysed by rhamnosyltransferases. The results suggest that three other steps are responsible for the different metabolite profiles in ‘Clementine’ and ‘Star Ruby’ grapefruit.</p>
<p>
<bold>Conclusions</bold>
The method described provides a high-throughput method to study the distribution of phenolic compounds across contrasting tissues and cultivars in
<italic>Citrus</italic>
, and offers the opportunity to investigate their regulation and physiological roles. The method was validated in four different tissues and allowed the identification and quantitation of 64 phenolic compounds in 20 min, which represents an improvement over existing methods of analysing multiclass polyphenols.</p>
</abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd>Phenolic compounds</kwd>
<kwd>flavonoids</kwd>
<kwd>coumarins</kwd>
<kwd>
<italic>Citrus</italic>
</kwd>
<kwd>UPLC–MS</kwd>
<kwd>high-throughput method</kwd>
<kwd>phylogenetic relationships</kwd>
<kwd>tissue diversity</kwd>
<kwd>biosynthetic pathway.</kwd>
</kwd-group>
<counts>
<page-count count="17"></page-count>
</counts>
</article-meta>
</front>
</pmc>
</record>

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