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<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Characterization of the antioxidant properties of phenolic extracts from some citrus peels</title>
<author><name sortKey="Oboh, G" sort="Oboh, G" uniqKey="Oboh G" first="G." last="Oboh">G. Oboh</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff1">Biochemistry Department, Federal University of Technology, P.M.B. 704 Akure, Nigeria</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ademosun, A O" sort="Ademosun, A O" uniqKey="Ademosun A" first="A. O." last="Ademosun">A. O. Ademosun</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff1">Biochemistry Department, Federal University of Technology, P.M.B. 704 Akure, Nigeria</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
</titleStmt>
<publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno>
<idno type="pmid">24293692</idno>
<idno type="pmc">3550823</idno>
<idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3550823</idno>
<idno type="RBID">PMC:3550823</idno>
<idno type="doi">10.1007/s13197-010-0222-y</idno>
<date when="2011">2011</date>
<idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">000519</idno>
</publicationStmt>
<sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Characterization of the antioxidant properties of phenolic extracts from some citrus peels</title>
<author><name sortKey="Oboh, G" sort="Oboh, G" uniqKey="Oboh G" first="G." last="Oboh">G. Oboh</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff1">Biochemistry Department, Federal University of Technology, P.M.B. 704 Akure, Nigeria</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ademosun, A O" sort="Ademosun, A O" uniqKey="Ademosun A" first="A. O." last="Ademosun">A. O. Ademosun</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff1">Biochemistry Department, Federal University of Technology, P.M.B. 704 Akure, Nigeria</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
</analytic>
<series><title level="j">Journal of food science and technology</title>
<idno type="ISSN">0022-1155</idno>
<idno type="eISSN">0975-8402</idno>
<imprint><date when="2011">2011</date>
</imprint>
</series>
</biblStruct>
</sourceDesc>
</fileDesc>
<profileDesc><textClass></textClass>
</profileDesc>
</teiHeader>
<front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p>This study sought to determine the distribution of free and bound phenolics in some Nigerian citrus peels [orange (<italic>Citrus sinensis</italic>
), grapefruit (<italic>Citrus paradisii</italic>
) and shaddock (<italic>Citrus maxima</italic>
)] and characterize the antioxidant properties. The free phenolics were extracted with 80% acetone, while the bound phenolics were extracted from the alkaline and acid hydrolyzed residue with ethyl acetate. Free phenolic extracts had significantly higher (<italic>P</italic>
< 0.05) DPPH* scavenging ability than the bound phenolic extracts, except in orange peels where the bound phenolic extracts had significantly higher (<italic>P</italic>
< 0.05) DPPH* scavenging ability. Bound phenolics from orange peels had the highest ABTS* scavenging ability (6.09 mmol./TEAC g) and ferric reducing antioxidant properties (FRAP) (71.99 mg/GAE 100 g), while bound phenolics from shaddock peels had the least ABTS* scavenging ability (1.35 mmol./TEAC g) and FRAP (2.58 mg/GAE 100 g) . Bound phenolics from grapefruit peels had the highest OH* scavenging ability (EC<sub>50</sub>
= 3.8 mg/ml), while bound phenolics from shaddock peels had the least (EC<sub>50</sub>
= 16.1 mg/ml). The phenolics chelated Fe<sup>2+</sup>
and inhibited malondialdehyde production in rat’s pancreas in a dose-dependent manner. The additive and/or synergistic action of the free and bound phenolics could have contributed to the observed medicinal properties of the peels; therefore, the high antioxidant properties of the free and bound phenolic extracts from orange peels could be harness in the formulation of nutraceuticals and food preservatives.</p>
</div>
</front>
</TEI>
<pmc article-type="research-article"><pmc-comment>The publisher of this article does not allow downloading of the full text in XML form.</pmc-comment>
<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">J Food Sci Technol</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">J Food Sci Technol</journal-id>
<journal-title-group><journal-title>Journal of food science and technology</journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="ppub">0022-1155</issn>
<issn pub-type="epub">0975-8402</issn>
<publisher><publisher-name>Springer-Verlag</publisher-name>
<publisher-loc>India</publisher-loc>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">24293692</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="pmc">3550823</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">222</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1007/s13197-010-0222-y</article-id>
<article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Original Article</subject>
</subj-group>
</article-categories>
<title-group><article-title>Characterization of the antioxidant properties of phenolic extracts from some citrus peels</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name><surname>Oboh</surname>
<given-names>G.</given-names>
</name>
<address><email>goboh2001@yahoo.com</email>
</address>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff1"></xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Ademosun</surname>
<given-names>A. O.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff1"></xref>
</contrib>
<aff id="Aff1">Biochemistry Department, Federal University of Technology, P.M.B. 704 Akure, Nigeria</aff>
</contrib-group>
<pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>22</day>
<month>1</month>
<year>2011</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="ppub"><month>12</month>
<year>2012</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>49</volume>
<issue>6</issue>
<fpage>729</fpage>
<lpage>736</lpage>
<history><date date-type="rev-recd"><day>8</day>
<month>11</month>
<year>2010</year>
</date>
<date date-type="accepted"><day>29</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2010</year>
</date>
</history>
<permissions><copyright-statement>© Association of Food Scientists & Technologists (India) 2011</copyright-statement>
</permissions>
<abstract id="Abs1"><p>This study sought to determine the distribution of free and bound phenolics in some Nigerian citrus peels [orange (<italic>Citrus sinensis</italic>
), grapefruit (<italic>Citrus paradisii</italic>
) and shaddock (<italic>Citrus maxima</italic>
)] and characterize the antioxidant properties. The free phenolics were extracted with 80% acetone, while the bound phenolics were extracted from the alkaline and acid hydrolyzed residue with ethyl acetate. Free phenolic extracts had significantly higher (<italic>P</italic>
< 0.05) DPPH* scavenging ability than the bound phenolic extracts, except in orange peels where the bound phenolic extracts had significantly higher (<italic>P</italic>
< 0.05) DPPH* scavenging ability. Bound phenolics from orange peels had the highest ABTS* scavenging ability (6.09 mmol./TEAC g) and ferric reducing antioxidant properties (FRAP) (71.99 mg/GAE 100 g), while bound phenolics from shaddock peels had the least ABTS* scavenging ability (1.35 mmol./TEAC g) and FRAP (2.58 mg/GAE 100 g) . Bound phenolics from grapefruit peels had the highest OH* scavenging ability (EC<sub>50</sub>
= 3.8 mg/ml), while bound phenolics from shaddock peels had the least (EC<sub>50</sub>
= 16.1 mg/ml). The phenolics chelated Fe<sup>2+</sup>
and inhibited malondialdehyde production in rat’s pancreas in a dose-dependent manner. The additive and/or synergistic action of the free and bound phenolics could have contributed to the observed medicinal properties of the peels; therefore, the high antioxidant properties of the free and bound phenolic extracts from orange peels could be harness in the formulation of nutraceuticals and food preservatives.</p>
</abstract>
<kwd-group xml:lang="en"><title>Keywords</title>
<kwd>Citrus</kwd>
<kwd>Peels</kwd>
<kwd>Free</kwd>
<kwd>Bound</kwd>
<kwd>Phenols</kwd>
<kwd>Antioxidant</kwd>
</kwd-group>
<custom-meta-group><custom-meta><meta-name>issue-copyright-statement</meta-name>
<meta-value>© Association of Food Scientists & Technologists (India) 2012</meta-value>
</custom-meta>
</custom-meta-group>
</article-meta>
</front>
</pmc>
</record>
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