Mitogen-activated protein kinase cascades in Vitis vinifera
Identifieur interne : 000074 ( Pmc/Corpus ); précédent : 000073; suivant : 000075Mitogen-activated protein kinase cascades in Vitis vinifera
Auteurs : Birsen Çak R ; Ozan K L ÇkayaSource :
- Frontiers in Plant Science [ 1664-462X ] ; 2015.
Abstract
Protein phosphorylation is one of the most important mechanisms to control cellular functions in response to external and endogenous signals. Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) are universal signaling molecules in eukaryotes that mediate the intracellular transmission of extracellular signals resulting in the induction of appropriate cellular responses. MAPK cascades are composed of four protein kinase modules: MAPKKK kinases (MAPKKKKs), MAPKK kinases (MAPKKKs), MAPK kinases (MAPKKs), and MAPKs. In plants, MAPKs are activated in response to abiotic stresses, wounding, and hormones, and during plant pathogen interactions and cell division. In this report, we performed a complete inventory of MAPK cascades genes in
Url:
DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.00556
PubMed: 26257761
PubMed Central: 4511077
Links to Exploration step
PMC:4511077Le document en format XML
<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Mitogen-activated protein kinase cascades in <italic>Vitis vinifera</italic></title><author><name sortKey="Cak R, Birsen" sort="Cak R, Birsen" uniqKey="Cak R B" first="Birsen" last="Çak R">Birsen Çak R</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1"><institution>Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Ege University</institution><country>Izmir, Turkey</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="K L Ckaya, Ozan" sort="K L Ckaya, Ozan" uniqKey="K L Ckaya O" first="Ozan" last="K L Çkaya">Ozan K L Çkaya</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff2"><institution>Department of Pharmacetical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cumhuriyet University</institution><country>Sivas, Turkey</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno><idno type="pmid">26257761</idno><idno type="pmc">4511077</idno><idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4511077</idno><idno type="RBID">PMC:4511077</idno><idno type="doi">10.3389/fpls.2015.00556</idno><date when="2015">2015</date><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">000074</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Mitogen-activated protein kinase cascades in <italic>Vitis vinifera</italic></title><author><name sortKey="Cak R, Birsen" sort="Cak R, Birsen" uniqKey="Cak R B" first="Birsen" last="Çak R">Birsen Çak R</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1"><institution>Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Ege University</institution><country>Izmir, Turkey</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="K L Ckaya, Ozan" sort="K L Ckaya, Ozan" uniqKey="K L Ckaya O" first="Ozan" last="K L Çkaya">Ozan K L Çkaya</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff2"><institution>Department of Pharmacetical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cumhuriyet University</institution><country>Sivas, Turkey</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Frontiers in Plant Science</title><idno type="eISSN">1664-462X</idno><imprint><date when="2015">2015</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p>Protein phosphorylation is one of the most important mechanisms to control cellular functions in response to external and endogenous signals. Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) are universal signaling molecules in eukaryotes that mediate the intracellular transmission of extracellular signals resulting in the induction of appropriate cellular responses. MAPK cascades are composed of four protein kinase modules: MAPKKK kinases (MAPKKKKs), MAPKK kinases (MAPKKKs), MAPK kinases (MAPKKs), and MAPKs. In plants, MAPKs are activated in response to abiotic stresses, wounding, and hormones, and during plant pathogen interactions and cell division. In this report, we performed a complete inventory of MAPK cascades genes in <italic>Vitis vinifera</italic>, the whole genome of which has been sequenced. By comparison with MAPK, MAPK kinases, MAPK kinase kinases and MAPK kinase kinase kinase kinase members of <italic>Arabidopsis thaliana</italic>, we revealed the existence of 14 MAPKs, 5 MAPKKs, 62 MAPKKKs, and 7 MAPKKKKs in <italic>Vitis vinifera</italic>. We identified orthologs of <italic>V. vinifera</italic> putative MAPKs in different species, and ESTs corresponding to members of MAPK cascades in various tissues. This work represents the first complete inventory of MAPK cascades in <italic>V. vinifera</italic> and could help elucidate the biological and physiological functions of these proteins in <italic>V. vinifera</italic>.</p></div></front><back><div1 type="bibliography"><listBibl><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Altschul, S F" uniqKey="Altschul S">S. F. Altschul</name></author><author><name sortKey="Gish, W" uniqKey="Gish W">W. Gish</name></author><author><name sortKey="Miller, W" uniqKey="Miller W">W. Miller</name></author><author><name sortKey="Myers, E W" uniqKey="Myers E">E. W. Myers</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lipman, D J" uniqKey="Lipman D">D. J. Lipman</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Asai, T" uniqKey="Asai T">T. 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<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Front Plant Sci</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">Front Plant Sci</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Front. Plant Sci.</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title>Frontiers in Plant Science</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">1664-462X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Frontiers Media S.A.</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">26257761</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="pmc">4511077</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.3389/fpls.2015.00556</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Plant Science</subject><subj-group><subject>Original Research</subject></subj-group></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Mitogen-activated protein kinase cascades in <italic>Vitis vinifera</italic></article-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Çakır</surname><given-names>Birsen</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref><xref ref-type="author-notes" rid="fn001"><sup>*</sup></xref><uri xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="http://loop.frontiersin.org/people/144926/overview"></uri></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Kılıçkaya</surname><given-names>Ozan</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"><sup>2</sup></xref></contrib></contrib-group><aff id="aff1"><sup>1</sup><institution>Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Ege University</institution><country>Izmir, Turkey</country></aff><aff id="aff2"><sup>2</sup><institution>Department of Pharmacetical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cumhuriyet University</institution><country>Sivas, Turkey</country></aff><author-notes><fn fn-type="edited-by"><p>Edited by: Joanna Marie-France Cross, İnönü University, Turkey</p></fn><fn fn-type="edited-by"><p>Reviewed by: Matthew R. Willmann, University of Pennsylvania, USA; Pao-Yang Chen, Academia Sinica, Taiwan; Samia Daldoul, Center of Biotechnology of Borj Cedria, Tunisia</p></fn><corresp id="fn001">*Correspondence: Birsen Çakır, Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Ege University, Bornova/Izmir 35100, Turkey <email xlink:type="simple">birsencakir@hotmail.com</email></corresp><fn fn-type="other" id="fn002"><p>This article was submitted to Plant Genetics and Genomics, a section of the journal Frontiers in Plant Science</p></fn></author-notes><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>22</day><month>7</month><year>2015</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2015</year></pub-date><volume>6</volume><elocation-id>556</elocation-id><history><date date-type="received"><day>08</day><month>2</month><year>2015</year></date><date date-type="accepted"><day>07</day><month>7</month><year>2015</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright © 2015 Çakır and Kılıçkaya.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2015</copyright-year><copyright-holder>Çakır and Kılıçkaya</copyright-holder><license xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"><license-p>This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.</license-p></license></permissions><abstract><p>Protein phosphorylation is one of the most important mechanisms to control cellular functions in response to external and endogenous signals. Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) are universal signaling molecules in eukaryotes that mediate the intracellular transmission of extracellular signals resulting in the induction of appropriate cellular responses. MAPK cascades are composed of four protein kinase modules: MAPKKK kinases (MAPKKKKs), MAPKK kinases (MAPKKKs), MAPK kinases (MAPKKs), and MAPKs. In plants, MAPKs are activated in response to abiotic stresses, wounding, and hormones, and during plant pathogen interactions and cell division. In this report, we performed a complete inventory of MAPK cascades genes in <italic>Vitis vinifera</italic>, the whole genome of which has been sequenced. By comparison with MAPK, MAPK kinases, MAPK kinase kinases and MAPK kinase kinase kinase kinase members of <italic>Arabidopsis thaliana</italic>, we revealed the existence of 14 MAPKs, 5 MAPKKs, 62 MAPKKKs, and 7 MAPKKKKs in <italic>Vitis vinifera</italic>. We identified orthologs of <italic>V. vinifera</italic> putative MAPKs in different species, and ESTs corresponding to members of MAPK cascades in various tissues. This work represents the first complete inventory of MAPK cascades in <italic>V. vinifera</italic> and could help elucidate the biological and physiological functions of these proteins in <italic>V. vinifera</italic>.</p></abstract><kwd-group><kwd>MAP kinase</kwd><kwd><italic>Vitis vinifera</italic></kwd><kwd>signal transduction</kwd><kwd>protein phosphorylation</kwd></kwd-group><counts><fig-count count="5"></fig-count><table-count count="2"></table-count><equation-count count="0"></equation-count><ref-count count="96"></ref-count><page-count count="18"></page-count><word-count count="9968"></word-count></counts></article-meta></front><body><sec sec-type="intro" id="s1"><title>Introduction</title><p>Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades are higly conserved modules of signal transduction in eucaryotes including yeast, animals, and plants. MAPK cascades play an important role in protein phosphorylation of signal transduction events (Rodriguez et al., <xref rid="B74" ref-type="bibr">2010</xref>). MAPK cascades typically consist of three protein kinases, MAPK, MAPK kinase (MAPKK), and MAPK kinase kinase (MAPKKK), but sometimes include MAP3K kinase (MAP4K) that phosphorylate the corresponding downstream substrates (Jonak et al., <xref rid="B32" ref-type="bibr">2002</xref>; Champion et al., <xref rid="B8" ref-type="bibr">2004</xref>).</p><p>MAPK is activated via phophorylation of conserved threonine (T) and tyrosine (Y) residues in the catalytic subdomain by its specific MAPKK, which is in turn activated by phophorylation of two serine/threonine residues in a conserved S/T-X33-5-S/T motif by an upstream MAPKKK (Stulemeijer et al., <xref rid="B79" ref-type="bibr">2007</xref>; Zaïdi et al., <xref rid="B95" ref-type="bibr">2010</xref>; Huang et al., <xref rid="B23" ref-type="bibr">2011</xref>). Upon activation, the MAPK could be translocated into the nucleus or cytoplasm to trigger the cellular responses through phosphorylation of downstream transcription factors or components of transcription machinery while some MAP kinases, like ERK3, are constitutively present in the nucleus and may function in the nucleus (Lee et al., <xref rid="B44" ref-type="bibr">2004</xref>; Pedley and Martin, <xref rid="B68" ref-type="bibr">2005</xref>; Fiil et al., <xref rid="B17" ref-type="bibr">2009</xref>; Nadarajah and Sidek, <xref rid="B60" ref-type="bibr">2010</xref>). MAPKKK is usually activated by a G protein, but sometimes activation is mediated via an upstream MAP4K (Champion et al., <xref rid="B8" ref-type="bibr">2004</xref>).</p><p>MAPK proteins contain 11 evolutionary conserved kinase domains that may be involved in substrate specifity or protein-protein interaction (Nadarajah and Sidek, <xref rid="B60" ref-type="bibr">2010</xref>). MAPK cascade proteins have TEY or TDY phophorylation motifs in the region between kinase domains VII and VIII (Group et al., <xref rid="B21" ref-type="bibr">2002</xref>), which provides a protein-binding domain for the activation of MAPKs (Rohila and Yang, <xref rid="B75" ref-type="bibr">2007</xref>).</p><p>In plants, MAPKs are involved in cellular responses to hormones, plant growth and development, regulation of the cell cycle, and responses to biotic and abiotic stresses (Jonak et al., <xref rid="B33" ref-type="bibr">1993</xref>; Wilson et al., <xref rid="B92" ref-type="bibr">1997</xref>; Zhang and Klessig, <xref rid="B96" ref-type="bibr">1997</xref>; Bögre et al., <xref rid="B4" ref-type="bibr">1999</xref>; Nishihama et al., <xref rid="B64" ref-type="bibr">2001</xref>; Bergmann et al., <xref rid="B3" ref-type="bibr">2004</xref>; Lukowitz et al., <xref rid="B50" ref-type="bibr">2004</xref>; Katou et al., <xref rid="B35" ref-type="bibr">2005</xref>; Meng et al., <xref rid="B56" ref-type="bibr">2012</xref>).</p><p>A variety of genes encoding MAPKs have been cloned from <italic>Arabidopsis</italic>, rice, tobacco and barley, and oat (Huttly and Phillips, <xref rid="B24" ref-type="bibr">1995</xref>; Knetsch et al., <xref rid="B39" ref-type="bibr">1996</xref>; Mizoguchi et al., <xref rid="B57" ref-type="bibr">1998</xref>; Nadarajah and Sidek, <xref rid="B60" ref-type="bibr">2010</xref>; Zaïdi et al., <xref rid="B95" ref-type="bibr">2010</xref>; Sun et al., <xref rid="B81" ref-type="bibr">2014</xref>). The <italic>Arabidopsis</italic> genome contains 20 MAPK genes (Group et al., <xref rid="B21" ref-type="bibr">2002</xref>; Jonak et al., <xref rid="B32" ref-type="bibr">2002</xref>). MAPK genes such as AtMPK4 and AtMPK6, have been identified in <italic>Arabidopsis</italic> (Ichimura et al., <xref rid="B27" ref-type="bibr">1998</xref>, <xref rid="B28" ref-type="bibr">2000</xref>; Nadarajah and Sidek, <xref rid="B60" ref-type="bibr">2010</xref>). It has been reported that MAPK genes are involved in biotic and abiotic stress responses (Mizoguchi et al., <xref rid="B58" ref-type="bibr">1996</xref>; Ichimura et al., <xref rid="B28" ref-type="bibr">2000</xref>; Asai et al., <xref rid="B2" ref-type="bibr">2002</xref>; Nadarajah and Sidek, <xref rid="B60" ref-type="bibr">2010</xref>). For example, OsMAPK3, OsMAPK6, and the MAPK kinase OsMKK4 are induced by a chitin elicitor in rice and the activated form of OsMKK4 induces cell death (Kishi-Kaboshi et al., <xref rid="B38" ref-type="bibr">2010</xref>). Similarly, NtWIPK, OsMPK5, and AtMPK3 were activated by pathogens and abiotic stresses (Zhang and Klessig, <xref rid="B97" ref-type="bibr">2001</xref>; Hamel et al., <xref rid="B22" ref-type="bibr">2006</xref>; Rohila and Yang, <xref rid="B75" ref-type="bibr">2007</xref>). AtMPK4 and AtMPK6 are activated by osmotic stress, low humidity, low temperature, and wounding (Ichimura et al., <xref rid="B28" ref-type="bibr">2000</xref>; Teige et al., <xref rid="B83" ref-type="bibr">2004</xref>). AtMPK3 and AtMPK6 are also regulated by biotic elicitors via AtMKK4/5 and AtMPK4 is a negative regulator of defense response (Asai et al., <xref rid="B2" ref-type="bibr">2002</xref>). In addition, AtMPK3 and AtMPK6 are involved in the embryo, anther and inflorescence development and stomatal distribution on the leaf surface (Bergmann et al., <xref rid="B3" ref-type="bibr">2004</xref>; Gray and Hetherington, <xref rid="B20" ref-type="bibr">2004</xref>; Bush and Krysan, <xref rid="B5" ref-type="bibr">2007</xref>).</p><p>MKKs are activated by the phosphorylation on conserved serine and threonine residues in the S/T-X3-5-S/T motif and characterized by a putative MAPK-docking domain K/R-K/R-K/R-X1-6-L-X-L/V/S, and a kinase domain (Group et al., <xref rid="B21" ref-type="bibr">2002</xref>). To date, many MAPKKs have been identified from several plant species. All the identified MAPKK genes from <italic>Arabidopsis</italic>, rice and poplar contain 11 catalytic subdomains (Ichimura et al., <xref rid="B29" ref-type="bibr">2002</xref>; Rao et al., <xref rid="B72" ref-type="bibr">2010</xref>; Wang et al., <xref rid="B89" ref-type="bibr">2014c</xref>). In <italic>Arabidopsis</italic>, MKK1 was activated by wounding and abiotic stress (Matsuoka et al., <xref rid="B54" ref-type="bibr">2002</xref>). Alfalfa SIMKK mediates both salt and elicitor-induced signals (Kiegerl et al., <xref rid="B37" ref-type="bibr">2000</xref>; Cardinale et al., <xref rid="B7" ref-type="bibr">2002</xref>). NtMEK2 activates SIPK and WIPK resulting in cell death (Yang et al., <xref rid="B93" ref-type="bibr">2001</xref>).</p><p>MAPKKKs form the largest class of MAPK cascade enzymes with 80 members classified into three subfamilies, MEKK, Raf, and ZIK containing 21, 11, and 48 genes, respectively in <italic>Arabidopsis</italic> (Jonak et al., <xref rid="B32" ref-type="bibr">2002</xref>). Plant MAPKKKs are characterized by different primary structures of their kinase domains, but are conserved within a single group (Champion et al., <xref rid="B8" ref-type="bibr">2004</xref>). The MEKK subfamily comprises a conserved kinase domain of G(T/S)Px(W/Y/F)MAPEV (Jonak et al., <xref rid="B32" ref-type="bibr">2002</xref>). The ZIK subfamily contains GTPEFMAPE(L/V)Y while the Raf subfamily has GTxx(W/Y)MAPE (Jonak et al., <xref rid="B32" ref-type="bibr">2002</xref>). All the MAPKKK proteins have a kinase domain, and most of them have a serine/threonine protein kinase active site (Wang et al., <xref rid="B87" ref-type="bibr">2015</xref>). In the RAF subfamily, most of the proteins have a long N-terminal regulatory domain and C-terminal kinase domain. By contrast, majority of the members in the ZIK subfamily have an N-terminal kinase domain (Wang et al., <xref rid="B87" ref-type="bibr">2015</xref>). However, the MEKK subfamily has a less conserved protein structure with a kinase domain located either at the C- or N-terminal or in the central part of the protein (Wang et al., <xref rid="B87" ref-type="bibr">2015</xref>). Homologs of MAPKKKs have been identified in plant species such as alfalfa, <italic>Arabidopsis</italic>, tobacco (Kovtun et al., <xref rid="B41" ref-type="bibr">2000</xref>; Nishihama et al., <xref rid="B64" ref-type="bibr">2001</xref>; Lukowitz et al., <xref rid="B50" ref-type="bibr">2004</xref>; Nakagami et al., <xref rid="B61" ref-type="bibr">2004</xref>). The MEKK subfamily contains NPK1, NbMAPKKKα, NbMAPKKKγ, NbMAPKKKε in tobacco (Jin et al., <xref rid="B31" ref-type="bibr">2002</xref>; del Pozo et al., <xref rid="B13" ref-type="bibr">2004</xref>; Liu et al., <xref rid="B48" ref-type="bibr">2004</xref>; Melech-Bonfil and Sessa, <xref rid="B55" ref-type="bibr">2010</xref>), MEKK1 in <italic>Arabidopsis</italic> (Asai et al., <xref rid="B2" ref-type="bibr">2002</xref>), and SIMAPKKKα and SIMAPKKKε in tomato (Oh et al., <xref rid="B66" ref-type="bibr">2010</xref>; Sun et al., <xref rid="B81" ref-type="bibr">2014</xref>). The second subfamily, Raf, includes <italic>Arabidopsis</italic> CTR1/raf1 (Kieber et al., <xref rid="B36" ref-type="bibr">1993</xref>), EDR/Raf2 (Frye et al., <xref rid="B18" ref-type="bibr">2001</xref>), and DSM1 in rice (Ning et al., <xref rid="B62" ref-type="bibr">2010</xref>). In <italic>Arabidopsis</italic>, MEKK1 regulates defense responses against different pathogens including bacteria and fungi (Asai et al., <xref rid="B2" ref-type="bibr">2002</xref>; Qiu et al., <xref rid="B71" ref-type="bibr">2008</xref>; Galletti et al., <xref rid="B19" ref-type="bibr">2011</xref>). In addition, AtEDR1, a Raf-like MAPKKK, regulates SA-inducible defense responses (Frye et al., <xref rid="B18" ref-type="bibr">2001</xref>). The ZIK subfamily which contains 10 and 9 members in <italic>Arabidopsis</italic> and rice, respectively, are able to regulate flowering time and circadian rhythms (Wang et al., <xref rid="B91" ref-type="bibr">2008</xref>; Kumar et al., <xref rid="B42" ref-type="bibr">2011</xref>).</p><p>A putative phosphorylation domain T/Sx<sub>5</sub>T/S is found between domains VII and VIII in MAP4Ks, which is identical to the phosphorylation motif of MAPKKs from plants (Jouannic et al., <xref rid="B34" ref-type="bibr">1999</xref>; Ichimura et al., <xref rid="B29" ref-type="bibr">2002</xref>). Both domains participate in peptide-substrate recognition (Champion et al., <xref rid="B8" ref-type="bibr">2004</xref>). MAP4Ks can be linked to the plasma membrane through association with a small GTPase or lipid (Qi and Elion, <xref rid="B70" ref-type="bibr">2005</xref>). They are directly activated by stimulated interaction with adaptor proteins (Qi and Elion, <xref rid="B70" ref-type="bibr">2005</xref>). The MAP4Ks are divided into eight classes including PAK-related, Gck, Mst, Tao, Ste/PAK, Sok (Champion et al., <xref rid="B8" ref-type="bibr">2004</xref>). The majority of MAP4Ks are from the large class of Ste20 protein kinases, which exhibit a highly diverse noncatalytic domain (Dan et al., <xref rid="B11" ref-type="bibr">2001</xref>). The PAKs, which have a C-terminal catalytic domain, are separated from the GC Kinase-related polypeptides, which contain an N-terminal catalytic domain (Dan et al., <xref rid="B11" ref-type="bibr">2001</xref>). Most of the MAP4Ks contain an N-terminal catalytic domain, but members of the STE20/PAK group have a C-terminal kinase domain and some plant MAP4Ks have their kinase domain in the middle of the sequences (Leprince et al., <xref rid="B45" ref-type="bibr">1999</xref>). The <italic>Arabidopsis</italic> genome contains 10 putative MAP4Ks (Champion et al., <xref rid="B8" ref-type="bibr">2004</xref>). A maize gene encoding MIK is a GCK-like kinase being a subfamily of MAP4K (Llompart et al., <xref rid="B49" ref-type="bibr">2003</xref>), which relates membrane-located receptors to MAP kinases (Dan et al., <xref rid="B11" ref-type="bibr">2001</xref>). Some MAP4K are able to phosphorylate MEKK or Raf members whereas other MAP4Ks either phosphorylate MAPKKs or function as adaptors (Champion et al., <xref rid="B8" ref-type="bibr">2004</xref>).</p><p>However, the functions of most MAPK genes in plants are still unknown. Although MAPK cascades are involved in signaling multiple defense responses, the role of <italic>Vitis</italic> MAPK cascades in response to biotic and abiotic stresses are not elucidated. In previous studies in grapevine, a few components of the MAPK gene family were isolated (Wang et al., <xref rid="B85" ref-type="bibr">2014a</xref>). In addition, the gene family of MAPKKKs were identified and their expression profiles were analyzed in different organs in response to different stresses (Wang et al., <xref rid="B86" ref-type="bibr">2014b</xref>). Interestingly, the expression of <italic>VvMAP</italic> kinase gene was induced by salinity and drought (Daldoul et al., <xref rid="B10" ref-type="bibr">2012</xref>). However, the MAPKK and the MAPKKKK subfamilies have not yet been characterized. To explore the role of MAPK cascade proteins in biotic and abiotic stress responses in grapevine, the publicly available grapevine genome (Jaillon et al., <xref rid="B30" ref-type="bibr">2007</xref>) was analyzed to identify all members of MAPK cascade proteins. Using these databases, we characterized all members of MAPK cascades of <italic>V. vinifera</italic> and performed a phylogenetic analysis in comparison with members of <italic>Arabidopsis</italic> MAPK cascade proteins.</p></sec><sec sec-type="materials|methods" id="s2"><title>Materials and methods</title><sec><title>Genome-wide identification of MAPK cascade genes in grapevine</title><p>The MAPK cascade protein sequences of <italic>Arabidopsis thaliana</italic> were used to search against the <italic>V. vinifera</italic> proteome 12× database (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.genoscope.cns.fr/externe/GenomeBrowser/Vitis/">http://www.genoscope.cns.fr/externe/GenomeBrowser/Vitis/</ext-link>) using a BLASTP analysis (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/blast">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/blast</ext-link>) (Altschul et al., <xref rid="B1" ref-type="bibr">1990</xref>) with scores higher than 400 and an “E” value > e-120 (Çakır and Kılıçkaya, <xref rid="B6" ref-type="bibr">2013</xref>). The sequences of Arabidopsis MAPK cascade proteins were obtained from the TAİR (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.arabidopsis.org/">http://www.arabidopsis.org/</ext-link>). MAPK domain (PS01351), ATP-binding domain (PS00107), protein kinase domain (PS50011), serine/threonine protein kinase active site (PS00108) were identified in the sequences of polypeptides corresponding to <italic>V. vinifera</italic> MAPK cascade proteins by the Conserved Domain Database (CDD) at NCBI (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Structure/cdd/wrpsb.cgi">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Structure/cdd/wrpsb.cgi</ext-link>) and PROSITE (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://prosite.expasy.org/">http://prosite.expasy.org/</ext-link>) (Marchler-Bauer et al., <xref rid="B53" ref-type="bibr">2009</xref>). In addition, the NCBI non-redundant protein database was screened with each sequence in order to independently validate the automatic annotation.</p></sec><sec><title>Multiple-sequence alignment and phylogenetic tree construction</title><p>Multiple-sequence alignments of the putative MAPK cascade proteins were aligned using CLUSTAL W and subjected to phylogenetic analysis by both the maximum parsimony and distance with neighbor-joining methods with 1000 bootstrap replicates (Saitou and Nei, <xref rid="B76" ref-type="bibr">1987</xref>; Thompson et al., <xref rid="B84" ref-type="bibr">1994</xref>). The phylogenetic tree was illustrated using MEGA5. Because similar results were obtained with both methods, only the single tree retrieved from the distance analysis is discussed in detail.</p><p>For MAPK cascade subfamilies from both <italic>V. vinifera</italic> and <italic>A. thaliana</italic>, multiple sequence alignment was performed using the multiple sequence comparison by log-expectation (MUSCLE) alignment tool (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.ebi.ac.uk/Tools/msa/muscle/">http://www.ebi.ac.uk/Tools/msa/muscle/</ext-link>) (Edgar, <xref rid="B14" ref-type="bibr">2004</xref>). The phylogenetic analysis was performed using a neighbor-joining method with 1000 bootstrap replicates andvisualized with MEGA5 software (Tamura et al., <xref rid="B82" ref-type="bibr">2011</xref>). The protein theoretical molecular weight and isoelectric point were predicted using compute pI/MW (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://au.expasy.org/tools">http://au.expasy.org/tools</ext-link>).</p></sec><sec><title>Orthology analysis and database search</title><p>Orthology analysis was performed using the PHOG web server (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://phylofacts.berkeley.edu/orthologs/">http://phylofacts.berkeley.edu/orthologs/</ext-link>) (Datta et al., <xref rid="B12" ref-type="bibr">2009</xref>). The sequences of conserved domains with similarity over 70% and an “E” value of 0.0 were selected as queries. The selected sequences of conserved domains from different species were then used in a BLASTP search against the <italic>V. vinifera</italic> protein sequence database. The best hits were annotated as putative orthologous sequences (Moreno-Hagelsieb and Latimer, <xref rid="B59" ref-type="bibr">2008</xref>).</p><p>Expressed sequence tags (ESTs) were identified by BLASTn of the <italic>V. vinifera</italic> expressed sequence tag (EST) database (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/dbEST">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/dbEST</ext-link>). Using the sequences of all of the MAPK cascade proteins as queries. The positives sequences were then confirmed by alignment with the query ORF.</p></sec></sec><sec id="s3"><title>Results and discussion</title><sec><title>Genome-wide identification of MAPK cascade genes in <italic>Vitis vinifera</italic></title><p><italic>Vitis vinifera</italic> MAPK cascade sequences were mined from the grapevine genome proteome 12x database (Jaillon et al., <xref rid="B30" ref-type="bibr">2007</xref>). We identified 88 ORFs encoding putative MAPK cascade proteins containing at least MAPK domain by BLAST searches of the grapevine genome proteome 12× database with the amino acid sequences of the MAPK cascade proteins from <italic>A. thaliana</italic> as queries (Table <xref ref-type="table" rid="T1">1</xref>). The completed <italic>Vitis</italic> genome contains 14 MAPKs, 5 MAPKKs, 62 MAPKKKs, and 7 MAPKKKKs (Table <xref ref-type="table" rid="T1">1</xref>).</p><table-wrap id="T1" position="float"><label>Table 1</label><caption><p><bold>Detailed inventory of the <italic>Vitis</italic> MAPK cascade proteins</bold>.</p></caption><table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><thead><tr><th valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>Subfamily name</bold></th><th valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>12X <italic>Vitis vinifera</italic> ID</bold></th><th valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>NCBI GenBank ID</bold></th><th valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>Chr</bold></th><th valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>Str</bold></th><th valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>Genomic location</bold></th><th valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>Gene length in bp</bold></th><th valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>CDS length in bp</bold></th><th valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>Length of protein in AA</bold></th><th valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>Number of Exon</bold></th><th valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>Number of Intron</bold></th><th valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>pI</bold></th><th valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>mW (kDa)</bold></th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td valign="top" align="left" colspan="13" style="background-color:#bbbdc0" rowspan="1"><bold>VvMPKs</bold></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">VvMPK1</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">GSVIVT01000784001</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="DDBJ/EMBL/GenBank" xlink:href="CBI31754.3">CBI31754.3</ext-link></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">12</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">+</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">124452–133238</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">8787</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1518</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">505</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">10</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">9</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">9.34</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">57.43</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">VvMPK2</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">GSVIVT01005924001</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="DDBJ/EMBL/GenBank" xlink:href="CBI35594.3">CBI35594.3</ext-link></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">7</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">+</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">886169–898284</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">12116</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1341</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">446</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">16</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">15</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5.40</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">51.22</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">VvMPK3</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">GSVIVT01008408001</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="DDBJ/EMBL/GenBank" xlink:href="CBI15552.3">CBI15552.3</ext-link></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">17</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">+</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2368190–2377747</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">9558</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1806</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">601</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">11</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">10</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">6.89</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">67.98</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">VvMPK4</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">GSVIVT01009766001</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="DDBJ/EMBL/GenBank" xlink:href="CBI19748.3">CBI19748.3</ext-link></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">18</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">+</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">11125765–11129338</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3574</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">588</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">195</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5.44</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">22.50</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">VvMPK5</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">GSVIVT01011749001</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="DDBJ/EMBL/GenBank" xlink:href="CBI26902.3">CBI26902.3</ext-link></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4565334–4574753</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">9420</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1842</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">613</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">11</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">10</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">8.68</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">70.46</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">VvMPK6</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">GSVIVT01014081001</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="DDBJ/EMBL/GenBank" xlink:href="CBI20098.3">CBI20098.3</ext-link></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">19</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">+</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">224299–234190</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">9892</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1797</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">599</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">10</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">9</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">9.21</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">67.79</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">VvMPK7</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">GSVIVT01017873001</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="DDBJ/EMBL/GenBank" xlink:href="CBI26170.3">CBI26170.3</ext-link></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4205509–4215917</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">10409</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1692</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">563</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">10</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">9</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">8.59</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">64.03</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">VvMPK8</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">GSVIVT01018883001</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="DDBJ/EMBL/GenBank" xlink:href="CBI17457.3">CBI17457.3</ext-link></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">+</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">18974001–19005635</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">31635</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2310</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">769</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">10</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">9</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5.51</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">87.48</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">VvMPK9</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">GSVIVT01019406001</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="DDBJ/EMBL/GenBank" xlink:href="CBI34380.3">CBI34380.3</ext-link></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">380310–386888</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">6579</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1128</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">375</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">6</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5.86</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">42.80</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">VvMPK10</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">GSVIVT01022771001</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="DDBJ/EMBL/GenBank" xlink:href="CBI37450.3">CBI37450.3</ext-link></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">+</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">16326975–16335400</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">8426</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1359</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">452</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">16</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">15</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">9.62</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">51.58</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">VvMPK11</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">GSVIVT01025091001</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="DDBJ/EMBL/GenBank" xlink:href="CBI16237.3">CBI16237.3</ext-link></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">6</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">+</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4580755–4584961</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4207</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1116</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">371</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">6</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4.94</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">42.53</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">VvMPK12</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">GSVIVT01025105001</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="DDBJ/EMBL/GenBank" xlink:href="CBI16244.3">CBI16244.3</ext-link></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">6</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4432854–4436338</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3485</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">990</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">329</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">6</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5.52</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">38.17</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">VvMPK13</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">GSVIVT01026984001</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="DDBJ/EMBL/GenBank" xlink:href="CBI40425.3">CBI40425.3</ext-link></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">15</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">18821560–18826926</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5367</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1128</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">375</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">6</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">6.43</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">43.27</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">VvMPK14</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">GSVIVT01038192001</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="DDBJ/EMBL/GenBank" xlink:href="CBI24707.3">CBI24707.3</ext-link></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">+</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">24220238–24241107</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">20870</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">993</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">330</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">6</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5.64</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">38.37</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" colspan="13" style="background-color:#bbbdc0" rowspan="1"><bold>VvMAPKKs</bold></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">VvMKK1</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">GSVIVT01008476001</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="DDBJ/EMBL/GenBank" xlink:href="CBI15608.3">CBI15608.3</ext-link></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">17</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">+</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1537423–1538551</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1129</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">675</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">224</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">6.38</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">24.66</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">VvMKK2</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">GSVIVT01015155001</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="DDBJ/EMBL/GenBank" xlink:href="CBI27870.3">CBI27870.3</ext-link></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">11</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">+</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1417439–1424337</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">6899</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1065</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">355</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">8</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">7</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">6.00</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">39.28</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">VvMKK3</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">GSVIVT01015283001</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="DDBJ/EMBL/GenBank" xlink:href="CBI27984.3">CBI27984.3</ext-link></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">11</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">+</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2377698–2381398</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3701</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1065</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">355</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">8</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">7</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">6.02</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">39.98</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">VvMKK4</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">GSVIVT01016115001</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="DDBJ/EMBL/GenBank" xlink:href="CBI25274.3">CBI25274.3</ext-link></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">9</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">+</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">19257788–19265261</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">7474</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1188</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">396</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">10.15</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">43.78</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">VvMKK5</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">GSVIVT01032414001</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="DDBJ/EMBL/GenBank" xlink:href="CBI34873.3">CBI34873.3</ext-link></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">14</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">27139003–27145873</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">6871</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1557</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">519</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">9</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">8</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5.56</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">57.61</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" colspan="13" style="background-color:#bbbdc0" rowspan="1"><bold>VvMAPKKKs</bold></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">VviMAPKKK1</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">GSVIVT01000047001</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="DDBJ/EMBL/GenBank" xlink:href="CBI36768.3">CBI36768.3</ext-link></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">14</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">+</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3063647–3072319</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">8673</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1992</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">664</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">17</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">16</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5.36</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">72.89</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">VviMAPKKK2</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">GSVIVT01000256001</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="DDBJ/EMBL/GenBank" xlink:href="CBI27711.3">CBI27711.3</ext-link></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">7</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">+</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">20596048–20597073</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1026</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">921</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">307</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">8.97</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">33.93</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">VviMAPKKK3</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">GSVIVT01001193001</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="DDBJ/EMBL/GenBank" xlink:href="CBI28728.3">CBI28728.3</ext-link></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">7</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">+</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">944892–950225</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5334</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1215</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">405</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">6</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">7.03</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">44.92</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">VviMAPKKK4</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">GSVIVT01001690001</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="DDBJ/EMBL/GenBank" xlink:href="CBI35506.3">CBI35506.3</ext-link></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">18</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">14296312–14329573</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">33262</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1653</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">551</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">16</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">15</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5.07</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">61.80</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">VviMAPKKK5</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">GSVIVT01002332001</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="DDBJ/EMBL/GenBank" xlink:href="CBI35719.3">CBI35719.3</ext-link></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Un</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">+</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">34161697–34167622</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5926</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">696</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">232</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">7</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">6</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">9.43</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">26.14</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">VviMAPKKK6</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">GSVIVT01004254001</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="DDBJ/EMBL/GenBank" xlink:href="CBI18826.3">CBI18826.3</ext-link></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Un</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">+</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">37734319–37739476</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5158</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1158</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">386</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">10</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">9</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">9.51</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">43.07</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">VviMAPKKK7</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">GSVIVT01007446001</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="DDBJ/EMBL/GenBank" xlink:href="CBI25853.3">CBI25853.3</ext-link></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Un</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">+</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">31988209–31995727</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">7519</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2124</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">708</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">11</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">10</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">9.73</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">77.57</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">VviMAPKKK8</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">GSVIVT01007637001</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="DDBJ/EMBL/GenBank" xlink:href="CBI14941.3">CBI14941.3</ext-link></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">17</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">10966272–10980533</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">14262</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1464</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">488</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">9</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">8</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5.47</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">54.86</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">VviMAPKKK9</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">GSVIVT01007646001</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="DDBJ/EMBL/GenBank" xlink:href="CBI14949.3">CBI14949.3</ext-link></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">17</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">+</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">10874999–10877438</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2440</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1059</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">353</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">6</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">8.13</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">40.08</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">VviMAPKKK10</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">GSVIVT01007762001</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="DDBJ/EMBL/GenBank" xlink:href="CBI15038.3">CBI15038.3</ext-link></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">17</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">+</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">9308908–9314007</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5100</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">909</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">303</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">7.97</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">34.37</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">VviMAPKKK11</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">GSVIVT01007775001</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="DDBJ/EMBL/GenBank" xlink:href="CBI15048.3">CBI15048.3</ext-link></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">17</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">9166428–9172256</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5829</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1050</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">350</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">6</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">7.02</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">38.56</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">VviMAPKKK12</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">GSVIVT01008413001</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="DDBJ/EMBL/GenBank" xlink:href="CBI15555.3">CBI15555.3</ext-link></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">17</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2321687–2342403</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">20717</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2697</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">899</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">16</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">15</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5.24</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">99.09</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">VviMAPKKK13</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">GSVIVT01008728001</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="DDBJ/EMBL/GenBank" xlink:href="CBI18907.3">CBI18907.3</ext-link></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">18</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1477098–1491666</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">14569</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1569</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">523</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">16</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">15</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">6.67</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">59.46</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">VviMAPKKK14</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">GSVIVT01008938001</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="DDBJ/EMBL/GenBank" xlink:href="CBI19081.3">CBI19081.3</ext-link></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">18</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3594893–3606331</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">11439</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">822</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">274</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">8</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">7</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">6.45</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">30.15</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">VviMAPKKK15</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">GSVIVT01009192001</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="DDBJ/EMBL/GenBank" xlink:href="CBI19282.3">CBI19282.3</ext-link></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">18</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5939861–5949524</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">9664</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2718</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">906</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">15</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">14</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">8.41</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">101.48</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">VviMAPKKK16</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">GSVIVT01009575001</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="DDBJ/EMBL/GenBank" xlink:href="CBI19581.3">CBI19581.3</ext-link></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">18</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">+</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">9549009–9561275</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">12267</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1101</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">367</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">10</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">9</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">8.39</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">40.91</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">VviMAPKKK17</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">GSVIVT01012031001</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="DDBJ/EMBL/GenBank" xlink:href="CBI27127.3">CBI27127.3</ext-link></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2006896–2039042</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">32147</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4191</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1397</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">25</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">24</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5.73</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">154.60</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">VviMAPKKK18</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">GSVIVT01012116001</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="DDBJ/EMBL/GenBank" xlink:href="CBI27196.3">CBI27196.3</ext-link></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">+</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1303636–1315494</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">11859</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3717</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1239</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">11</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">10</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5.32</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">136.73</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">VviMAPKKK19</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">GSVIVT01012632001</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="DDBJ/EMBL/GenBank" xlink:href="CBI23172.3">CBI23172.3</ext-link></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">10</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">+</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">222774–228777</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">6004</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1287</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">429</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5.48</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">48.37</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">VviMAPKKK20</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">GSVIVT01012686001</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="DDBJ/EMBL/GenBank" xlink:href="CBI23211.3">CBI23211.3</ext-link></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">10</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">+</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">641937–648890</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">6954</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3369</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1123</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">8</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">7</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">6.09</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">123.96</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">VviMAPKKK21</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">GSVIVT01012895001</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="DDBJ/EMBL/GenBank" xlink:href="CBI25598.3">CBI25598.3</ext-link></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">11</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">+</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">6576324–6581862</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5539</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1470</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">490</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">9</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">8</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5.40</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">54.29</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">VviMAPKKK22</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">GSVIVT01015494001</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="DDBJ/EMBL/GenBank" xlink:href="CBI28162.3">CBI28162.3</ext-link></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">11</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4194704–4202353</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">7650</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3066</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1022</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">7</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">6</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">8.36</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">114.09</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">VviMAPKKK23</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">GSVIVT01017915001</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="DDBJ/EMBL/GenBank" xlink:href="CBI26208.3">CBI26208.3</ext-link></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">+</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4619229–4633132</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">13904</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2061</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">687</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">17</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">16</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">6.76</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">75.81</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">VviMAPKKK24</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">GSVIVT01017968001</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="DDBJ/EMBL/GenBank" xlink:href="CBI26245.3">CBI26245.3</ext-link></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">+</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5145293–5148759</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3467</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1632</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">544</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">11</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">10</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5.43</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">63.24</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">VviMAPKKK25</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">GSVIVT01018020001</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="DDBJ/EMBL/GenBank" xlink:href="CBI26291.3">CBI26291.3</ext-link></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5521761–5528578</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">6818</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1371</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">457</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">7</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">6</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">8.32</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">51.27</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">VviMAPKKK26</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">GSVIVT01018052001</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="DDBJ/EMBL/GenBank" xlink:href="CBI26318.3">CBI26318.3</ext-link></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">+</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5824109–5839208</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">15100</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3354</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1118</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">11</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">10</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5.59</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">124.59</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">VviMAPKKK27</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">GSVIVT01019010001</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="DDBJ/EMBL/GenBank" xlink:href="CBI17559.3">CBI17559.3</ext-link></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">+</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">17821355–17829046</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">7692</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">906</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">302</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">6.66</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">33.93</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">VviMAPKKK28</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">GSVIVT01019630001</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="DDBJ/EMBL/GenBank" xlink:href="CBI34567.3">CBI34567.3</ext-link></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">+</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2093246–2099598</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">6353</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1791</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">597</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">16</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">15</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">6.59</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">68.4</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">VviMAPKKK29</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">GSVIVT01019739001</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="DDBJ/EMBL/GenBank" xlink:href="CBI34657.3">CBI34657.3</ext-link></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">+</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2874833–2882840</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">8008</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2706</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">902</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">11</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">10</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">9.12</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">97.91</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">VviMAPKKK30</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">GSVIVT01019821001</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="DDBJ/EMBL/GenBank" xlink:href="CBI34722.3">CBI34722.3</ext-link></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">+</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3631707–3639546</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">7840</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2088</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">696</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">15</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">14</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">6.37</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">78.14</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">VviMAPKKK31</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">GSVIVT01020712001</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="DDBJ/EMBL/GenBank" xlink:href="CBI21988.3">CBI21988.3</ext-link></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">12</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">+</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2837402–2887099</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">49698</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2454</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">818</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">11</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">10</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5.99</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">91.70</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">VviMAPKKK32</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">GSVIVT01021854001</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="DDBJ/EMBL/GenBank" xlink:href="CBI34208.3">CBI34208.3</ext-link></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">14</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">6462432–6466040</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3609</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1821</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">607</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">10</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">9</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5.22</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">69.40</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">VviMAPKKK33</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">GSVIVT01021884001</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="DDBJ/EMBL/GenBank" xlink:href="CBI34231.3">CBI34231.3</ext-link></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">14</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">6026347–6048725</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">22379</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2631</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">877</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">16</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">15</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5.50</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">97.14</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">VviMAPKKK34</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">GSVIVT01022098001</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="DDBJ/EMBL/GenBank" xlink:href="CBI21399.3">CBI21399.3</ext-link></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">7</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">+</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">16573422–16578723</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5302</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1287</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">429</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">8</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">7</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5.31</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">47.06</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">VviMAPKKK35</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">GSVIVT01022115001</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="DDBJ/EMBL/GenBank" xlink:href="CBI21414.3">CBI21414.3</ext-link></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">7</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">16707463–16710545</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3083</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1233</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">411</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">8</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">7</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4.66</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">44.78</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">VviMAPKKK36</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">GSVIVT01022116001</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="DDBJ/EMBL/GenBank" xlink:href="CBI21415.3">CBI21415.3</ext-link></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">7</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">+</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">16711209–16721450</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">10242</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2469</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">823</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">7</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">6</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">8.72</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">89.41</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">VviMAPKKK37</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">GSVIVT01023037001</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="DDBJ/EMBL/GenBank" xlink:href="CBI23895.3">CBI23895.3</ext-link></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">12</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">+</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">16524280–16552240</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">27961</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1296</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">432</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">11</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">10</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">7.05</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">48.78</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">VviMAPKKK38</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">GSVIVT01023048001</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="DDBJ/EMBL/GenBank" xlink:href="CBI23901.3">CBI23901.3</ext-link></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">12</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">+</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">16381443–16399280</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">178238</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">525</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">175</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">8.42</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">20.19</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">VviMAPKKK39</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">GSVIVT01023216001</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="DDBJ/EMBL/GenBank" xlink:href="CBI29680.3">CBI29680.3</ext-link></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">12</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">+</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">21019776–21020867</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1092</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1092</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">364</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">8.88</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">39.99</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">VviMAPKKK40</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">GSVIVT01023958001</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="DDBJ/EMBL/GenBank" xlink:href="CBI37812.3">CBI37812.3</ext-link></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2141138–2162161</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">21024</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1743</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">581</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">16</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">15</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5.56</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">65.53</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">VviMAPKKK41</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">GSVIVT01024578001</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="DDBJ/EMBL/GenBank" xlink:href="CBI15829.3">CBI15829.3</ext-link></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">6</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">8664971–8669192</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4222</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1896</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">632</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">7</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">6</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">6.83</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">71.74</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">VviMAPKKK42</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">GSVIVT01026487001</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="DDBJ/EMBL/GenBank" xlink:href="CBI37539.3">CBI37539.3</ext-link></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">+</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">22814276–22820209</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5934</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1803</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">601</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">12</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">11</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">8.99</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">65.01</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">VviMAPKKK43</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">GSVIVT01026546001</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="DDBJ/EMBL/GenBank" xlink:href="CBI37576.3">CBI37576.3</ext-link></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">+</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">21993962–21997860</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3899</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1701</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">567</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">10</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">9</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5.52</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">64.16</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">VviMAPKKK44</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">GSVIVT01027189001</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="DDBJ/EMBL/GenBank" xlink:href="CBI40585.3">CBI40585.3</ext-link></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">15</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">17151471–17154829</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3359</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1776</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">592</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">10</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">9</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5.82</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">67.45</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">VviMAPKKK45</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">GSVIVT01028897001</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="DDBJ/EMBL/GenBank" xlink:href="CBI22687.3">CBI22687.3</ext-link></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">16</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">17707492–17719297</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">11806</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2679</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">893</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">11</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">10</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">9.43</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">95.93</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">VviMAPKKK46</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">GSVIVT01029055001</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="DDBJ/EMBL/GenBank" xlink:href="CBI33351.3">CBI33351.3</ext-link></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">+</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">11545076–11551320</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">6345</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2859</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">953</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">13</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">12</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5.42</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">105.79</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">VviMAPKKK47</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">GSVIVT01029147001</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="DDBJ/EMBL/GenBank" xlink:href="CBI17788.3">CBI17788.3</ext-link></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">11</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">+</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">19186659–19204657</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">17999</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2937</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">979</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">11</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">10</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5.40</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">108.81</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">VviMAPKKK48</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">GSVIVT01029426001</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="DDBJ/EMBL/GenBank" xlink:href="CBI35320.3">CBI35320.3</ext-link></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">17</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">+</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">17077436–17089089</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">11654</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">555</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">185</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5.62</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">21.36</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">VviMAPKKK49</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">GSVIVT01030044001</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="DDBJ/EMBL/GenBank" xlink:href="CBI28411.3">CBI28411.3</ext-link></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">12</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">9089290–9097431</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">8142</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2496</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">832</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">8</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">7</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">8.80</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">93.29</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">VviMAPKKK50</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">GSVIVT01030194001</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="DDBJ/EMBL/GenBank" xlink:href="CBI18047.3">CBI18047.3</ext-link></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">8</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">+</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">10650328–10661181</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">10854</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1014</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">338</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">6</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">8.85</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">37.96</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">VviMAPKKK51</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">GSVIVT01030202001</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="DDBJ/EMBL/GenBank" xlink:href="CBI18051.3">CBI18051.3</ext-link></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">8</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">10519384–10524077</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4694</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1881</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">627</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">7</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">6</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5.29</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">71.71</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">VviMAPKKK52</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">GSVIVT01031721001</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="DDBJ/EMBL/GenBank" xlink:href="CBI32391.3">CBI32391.3</ext-link></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3812818–3816504</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3687</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1194</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">398</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">8</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">7</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">8.32</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">43.57</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">VviMAPKKK53</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">GSVIVT01032232001</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="DDBJ/EMBL/GenBank" xlink:href="CBI24046.3">CBI24046.3</ext-link></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">11</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">+</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">13477774–13485357</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">7584</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">447</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">149</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5.90</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">16.90</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">VviMAPKKK54</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">GSVIVT01032389001</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="DDBJ/EMBL/GenBank" xlink:href="CBI34850.3">CBI34850.3</ext-link></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">14</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">26886951–26893203</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">6253</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1059</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">353</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">6</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">6.90</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">39.53</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">VviMAPKKK55</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">GSVIVT01032487001</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="DDBJ/EMBL/GenBank" xlink:href="CBI34936.3">CBI34936.3</ext-link></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">14</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">+</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">27812667–27819608</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">6942</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1083</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">361</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">6</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">6.34</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">40.52</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">VviMAPKKK56</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">GSVIVT01033779001</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="DDBJ/EMBL/GenBank" xlink:href="CBI30245.3">CBI30245.3</ext-link></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">8</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">17884683–17902051</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">17369</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2238</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">746</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">17</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">16</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">6.14</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">82.96</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">VviMAPKKK57</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">GSVIVT01034710001</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="DDBJ/EMBL/GenBank" xlink:href="CBI40217.3">CBI40217.3</ext-link></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">13</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">8150739–8202754</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">52016</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2277</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">759</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">15</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">14</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">7.89</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">85.25</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">VviMAPKKK58</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">GSVIVT01034988001</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="DDBJ/EMBL/GenBank" xlink:href="CBI22876.3">CBI22876.3</ext-link></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">694778–701765</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">6988</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2199</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">733</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">14</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">13</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">6.42</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">81.58</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">VviMAPKKK59</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">GSVIVT01035409001</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="DDBJ/EMBL/GenBank" xlink:href="CBI20668.3">CBI20668.3</ext-link></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">+</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1079723–1090460</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">10738</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2631</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">877</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">15</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">14</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5.26</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">97.28</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">VviMAPKKK60</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">GSVIVT01036758001</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="DDBJ/EMBL/GenBank" xlink:href="CBI24172.3">CBI24172.3</ext-link></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">19</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">22924599–22935504</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">10906</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3138</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1046</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">10</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">9</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5.23</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">115.67</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">VviMAPKKK61</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">GSVIVT01037773001</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="DDBJ/EMBL/GenBank" xlink:href="CBI26734.3">CBI26734.3</ext-link></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">19</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">7730105–7732118</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2014</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">894</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">298</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">6.17</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">34.22</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">VviMAPKKK62</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">GSVIVT01038760001</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="DDBJ/EMBL/GenBank" xlink:href="CBI32969.3">CBI32969.3</ext-link></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">12</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">+</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">610174–641062</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">30889</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1476</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">492</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">8</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">7</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">6.05</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">55.76</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" colspan="13" style="background-color:#bbbdc0" rowspan="1"><bold>VvMAPKKKKs</bold></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">VvMAP4K1</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">GSVIVT01012233001</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="DDBJ/EMBL/GenBank" xlink:href="CBI27303.3">CBI27303.3</ext-link></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">+</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">7076729–7078360</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1632</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1362</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">454</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5.20</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">88.93</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">VvMAP4K2</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">GSVIVT01013739001</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="DDBJ/EMBL/GenBank" xlink:href="CBI28527.3">CBI28527.3</ext-link></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">9</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">18395010–18410644</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">15635</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1704</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">568</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">15</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">14</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">9.31</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">41.78</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">VvMAP4K3</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">GSVIVT01014297001</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="DDBJ/EMBL/GenBank" xlink:href="CBI20268.3">CBI20268.3</ext-link></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">8012586–8021182</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">8597</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1107</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">369</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">9</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">8</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">6.34</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">78.12</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">VvMAP4K4</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">GSVIVT01016074001</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="DDBJ/EMBL/GenBank" xlink:href="CBI25246.3">CBI25246.3</ext-link></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">14</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">27646939–27657107</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">10169</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1803</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">601</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">16</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">15</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5.58</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">62.83</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">VvMAP4K5</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">GSVIVT01019643001</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="DDBJ/EMBL/GenBank" xlink:href="CBI34578.3">CBI34578.3</ext-link></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2150787–2160118</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">9332</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2190</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">730</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">22</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">21</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">6.68</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">81.13</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">VvMAP4K6</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">GSVIVT01027718001</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="DDBJ/EMBL/GenBank" xlink:href="CBI23577.3">CBI23577.3</ext-link></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">342583–373752</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">31170</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2430</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">810</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">19</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">18</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5.80</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">50.65</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">VvMAP4K7</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">GSVIVT01032461001</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="DDBJ/EMBL/GenBank" xlink:href="CBI34913.3">CBI34913.3</ext-link></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">19</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2416077–2441445</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">25369</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2121</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">707</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">20</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">19</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5.81</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">67.08</td></tr></tbody></table><table-wrap-foot><p><italic>The identified open reading frames (ORFs) are classified into four subfamilies, MAPK, MAPKK, MAPKKK, and MAPKKKK. Columns 1–13 contain the protein acronym (Name), coding sequence (CDS), Vitis proteome 12× ID, GenBank ID, chromosome location (Chr), strand (str), gene length, number of introns and exons, protein length, estimates of molecular weight, and isoelectric point of the protein (pI) for each gene are given</italic>.</p></table-wrap-foot></table-wrap></sec><sec><title>Phylogenetic analysis</title><p>All predicted MAPK cascade family sequences were aligned using ClustalW (Thompson et al., <xref rid="B84" ref-type="bibr">1994</xref>). A rooted phylogenetic tree was constructed by alignment of full length amino acid sequences using the MEGA5 program and maximum parsimony and distance with neighbor-joining methods (Saitou and Nei, <xref rid="B76" ref-type="bibr">1987</xref>) (Figure <xref ref-type="fig" rid="F1">1</xref>). One thousand bootstrap replicates were produced for each analysis.</p><fig id="F1" position="float"><label>Figure 1</label><caption><p><bold>Construction of phylogenetic tree of <italic>Vitis</italic> MAPK cascade proteins</bold>. The amino sequences of all <italic>Vitis</italic> ABC proteins were aligned using the ClustalW program and were subjected to phylogenetic analysis by the distance with neighbor-joining method. The reliabilities of each branch point, as assessed by the analysis of 1000 computer-generated trees (bootstrap replicates), were in excess of 90%, except for those discussed in the text. The abbreviations of MAPK cascade proteins are as follows: MAPK, Mitogen-activated Protein Kinase; MAPKK, MAPK Kinase; MAPKKK, MAPKK Kinase; MAPKKKK, MAPKKK Kinase as described in the text.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="fpls-06-00556-g0001"></graphic></fig><p><italic>Vitis</italic> MAPK cascade sequences can be divided into four subfamilies on the basis of the presence of conserved threonine and tyrosine residues in the motif TxY located in the activation loop (T-loop) between kinase subdomains VII and VIII. In addition, we identified MAPKKKK subfamily with 7 members in <italic>Vitis</italic> genome, which has the conserved amino acid motifs TFVGTPxWMAPEV as described (Jonak et al., <xref rid="B32" ref-type="bibr">2002</xref>). The members of four subfamilies clustered more tightly with each other than with members of other subfamilies (Figure <xref ref-type="fig" rid="F1">1</xref>).</p></sec><sec><title>MAPKs</title><p>The phylogenetic analysis showed that the VvMAPKs were devided into five distinct groups, which is higher than previous reports (Kumar and Kirti, <xref rid="B43" ref-type="bibr">2010</xref>; Nadarajah and Sidek, <xref rid="B60" ref-type="bibr">2010</xref>). Group V MAPKs are found only in the grapevine genome among other plant species. All of identified ORFs encoding MAPK were named VvMPK1 through 14. Hyun et al. (<xref rid="B26" ref-type="bibr">2010</xref>) reported 12 MAPKs based on 8x sequence coverage in grapevine genome whereas we identified a total of 14 ORFs in <italic>Vitis</italic> 12x genome coverage (Hyun et al., <xref rid="B26" ref-type="bibr">2010</xref>), which may be due to the errors corrected in 12x genome sequence coverage. The grapevine genome contains less MAPKs than <italic>Arabidopsis</italic> (20 MAPKs) (Ichimura et al., <xref rid="B29" ref-type="bibr">2002</xref>) and rice (17 MAPKs) (Liu and Xue, <xref rid="B46" ref-type="bibr">2007</xref>). Members of the <italic>Vitis</italic> MAPK subfamily show 20–86% identity to each other. Full length MAPK proteins ranged in size from 195 to 769 amino acids (Table <xref ref-type="table" rid="T1">1</xref>). Variation in length of the entire MAPK gene is usually due to differences in the length of MAPK domain and/or, due to the number of introns. The difference in length among <italic>MAPK</italic> genes may indicate the presence or absence of motifs which could affect functional specifity.</p><p>VvMPK12, VvMPK14 belong to the group I., which contains well-characterized <italic>MAPK</italic> genes including <italic>AtMPK3, AtMPK6</italic> (Figure <xref ref-type="fig" rid="F2">2</xref>). It has been demonstrated that <italic>AtMPK3, OsMPK5</italic> were activated in response to pathogens and abiotic stresses (Zhang and Klessig, <xref rid="B97" ref-type="bibr">2001</xref>; Hamel et al., <xref rid="B22" ref-type="bibr">2006</xref>; Rohila and Yang, <xref rid="B75" ref-type="bibr">2007</xref>). <italic>OsMPK5</italic> plays an important role for the resistance to blast disease (Song and Goodman, <xref rid="B78" ref-type="bibr">2002</xref>; Huang et al., <xref rid="B23" ref-type="bibr">2011</xref>). <italic>AtMPK6</italic> can be activated by various abiotic and biotic stresses (Ichimura et al., <xref rid="B28" ref-type="bibr">2000</xref>; Yuasa et al., <xref rid="B94" ref-type="bibr">2001</xref>; Feilner et al., <xref rid="B16" ref-type="bibr">2005</xref>; Huang et al., <xref rid="B23" ref-type="bibr">2011</xref>). Similarly, <italic>PtrMAPK</italic> is involved in resistance to both dehydration and cold (Huang et al., <xref rid="B23" ref-type="bibr">2011</xref>).</p><fig id="F2" position="float"><label>Figure 2</label><caption><p><bold>Phylogenetic relationship of <italic>Arabidopsis</italic> and <italic>Vitis</italic> MAPK proteins</bold>. The amino acid sequences of all <italic>Arabidopsis</italic> MAPK proteins and those of <italic>Vitis vinifera</italic> were aligned using the MUSCLE program and subjected to phylogenetic analysis by the distance with neighborjoining method using MEGA5 programme. Accession numbers for <italic>Arabidopsis</italic> sequences are AtMPK1 (<ext-link ext-link-type="DDBJ/EMBL/GenBank" xlink:href="At1g10210">At1g10210</ext-link>), AtMPK2 (<ext-link ext-link-type="DDBJ/EMBL/GenBank" xlink:href="At1g59580">At1g59580</ext-link>), AtMPK3 (<ext-link ext-link-type="DDBJ/EMBL/GenBank" xlink:href="At3g45640">At3g45640</ext-link>), AtMPK4 (<ext-link ext-link-type="DDBJ/EMBL/GenBank" xlink:href="At4g01370">At4g01370</ext-link>), AtMPK5 (<ext-link ext-link-type="DDBJ/EMBL/GenBank" xlink:href="At4g11330">At4g11330</ext-link>), AtMPK6 (<ext-link ext-link-type="DDBJ/EMBL/GenBank" xlink:href="At2g43790">At2g43790</ext-link>), AtMPK7 (<ext-link ext-link-type="DDBJ/EMBL/GenBank" xlink:href="At2g18170">At2g18170</ext-link>), AtMPK8 (<ext-link ext-link-type="DDBJ/EMBL/GenBank" xlink:href="At1g18150">At1g18150</ext-link>), AtMPK9 (<ext-link ext-link-type="DDBJ/EMBL/GenBank" xlink:href="At3g18040">At3g18040</ext-link>), AtMPK10 (<ext-link ext-link-type="DDBJ/EMBL/GenBank" xlink:href="At3g59790">At3g59790</ext-link>), AtMPK11 (<ext-link ext-link-type="DDBJ/EMBL/GenBank" xlink:href="At1g01560">At1g01560</ext-link>), AtMPK12 (<ext-link ext-link-type="DDBJ/EMBL/GenBank" xlink:href="At2g46070">At2g46070</ext-link>), AtMPK13 (<ext-link ext-link-type="DDBJ/EMBL/GenBank" xlink:href="At1g07880">At1g07880</ext-link>), AtMPK14 (<ext-link ext-link-type="DDBJ/EMBL/GenBank" xlink:href="At4g36450">At4g36450</ext-link>), AtMPK15 (<ext-link ext-link-type="DDBJ/EMBL/GenBank" xlink:href="At1g73670">At1g73670</ext-link>), AtMPK16 (<ext-link ext-link-type="DDBJ/EMBL/GenBank" xlink:href="At5g19010">At5g19010</ext-link>), AtMPK17 (<ext-link ext-link-type="DDBJ/EMBL/GenBank" xlink:href="At2g01450">At2g01450</ext-link>), AtMPK18 (<ext-link ext-link-type="DDBJ/EMBL/GenBank" xlink:href="At1g53510">At1g53510</ext-link>), AtMPK19 (<ext-link ext-link-type="DDBJ/EMBL/GenBank" xlink:href="At3g14720">At3g14720</ext-link>), AtMPK20 (<ext-link ext-link-type="DDBJ/EMBL/GenBank" xlink:href="At2g42880">At2g42880</ext-link>).</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="fpls-06-00556-g0002"></graphic></fig><p>Group II MAPKs are involved in both abiotic stresses and cell division in <italic>Arabidopsis</italic>. VvMPK13, VvMPK11, and VvMPK9 are clustered with Group II., which includes AtMPK4, AtMPK5, AtMPK12, and AtMPK11. AtMPK4 and its upstream MAPKK AtMKK2 can be activated by biotic and abiotic stresses (Ichimura et al., <xref rid="B28" ref-type="bibr">2000</xref>; Teige et al., <xref rid="B83" ref-type="bibr">2004</xref>).</p><p>VvMPK4 and VvMPK8 belong to group III. AtMPK1 in the group III is regulated by salt stress treatment (Mizoguchi et al., <xref rid="B58" ref-type="bibr">1996</xref>). In addition, AtMPK1 and AtMPK2 are activated by ABA (Ortiz-Masia et al., <xref rid="B67" ref-type="bibr">2007</xref>). The group III genes, such as rice BWMK1 and alfalfa TDY1, are activated by wounding and pathogens (Nowak et al., <xref rid="B65" ref-type="bibr">1997</xref>; Lynch et al., <xref rid="B51" ref-type="bibr">2001</xref>).</p><p>Group IV, which includes VvMPK1, VvMPK3, VvMPK5, VvMPK6, and VvMPK7 of the <italic>Vitis</italic> MAPKs, have the TDY motif in their T-loop and the absence of the C-terminal CD domain, which is consistently found in members of the other MAPK groups. VvMPK2 and VvMPK10 belonging to group V were separated from other groups.</p><p>The orthology analysis program identified one hundred-fourteen orthologs from various plant species for this subfamily (Table <xref ref-type="table" rid="T2">2</xref>). The VvMPK3 amino acid sequence shows 83% similarity with AtMPK9, and VvMPK12 shows 84% similarity with AtMPK3 from <italic>A. thaliana</italic>. The members of VvMAPK subfamily share between 75.8 and 91.8% similarity to the MAPK members from <italic>Ricius communis, Oryza sativa</italic>, and <italic>A. thaliana</italic>. The phylogenetic analysis of <italic>A. thaliana</italic> and <italic>V. vinifera</italic> MAPK subfamilies confirmed the orthologs of VvMPK14/AtMPK6, VvMPK12/AtMPK3, VvMAPK11/AtMAPK13, VvMPK13/AtMPK12, VvMPK7/AtMPK16, and VvMPK3/AtMPK9 (Figure <xref ref-type="fig" rid="F2">2</xref>).</p><table-wrap id="T2" position="float"><label>Table 2</label><caption><p><bold>Orthologs of <italic>Vitis</italic> MAPK cascade proteins identified in diverse plant species</bold>.</p></caption><table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><thead><tr><th valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>Subfamily name</bold></th><th valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold><italic>Vitis</italic> proteome 12× ID</bold></th><th valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>Species</bold></th><th valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>%ID</bold></th><th valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>UniprotKB ID</bold></th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>VvMPK1</italic></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">GSVIVT01000784001</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Ricinus communis</italic></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">82.7</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="UniProt" xlink:href="B9H811_POPTR">B9H811_POPTR</ext-link></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>VvMPK2</italic></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">GSVIVT01005924001</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Ricinus communis</italic></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">75.8</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="UniProt" xlink:href="B9SYK7_RICCO">B9SYK7_RICCO</ext-link></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>VvMPK3</italic></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">GSVIVT01008408001</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Populus trichocarpa</italic></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">84.0</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="UniProt" xlink:href="B9I2G2_POPTR">B9I2G2_POPTR</ext-link></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Brassica napus</italic></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">82.0</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="UniProt" xlink:href="Q5XU40_BRANA">Q5XU40_BRANA</ext-link></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Arabidopsis thaliana</italic></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">81.8</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="UniProt" xlink:href="MPK9_ARATH">MPK9_ARATH</ext-link></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Arabidopsis lyrata</italic> subsp. <italic>Lyrata</italic></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">81.2</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="UniProt" xlink:href="D7L7Z0_ARALL">D7L7Z0_ARALL</ext-link></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Oryza sativa subsp. Indica</italic></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">77.6</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="UniProt" xlink:href="B3GCL0_ORYSI">B3GCL0_ORYSI</ext-link></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Ricinus communis</italic></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">76.6</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="UniProt" xlink:href="B9T7E7_RICCO">B9T7E7_RICCO</ext-link></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Zea mays</italic></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">75.7</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="UniProt" xlink:href="B4F907_MAIZE">B4F907_MAIZE</ext-link></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Oryza sativa</italic> subsp<italic>. Japonica</italic></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">75.6</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="UniProt" xlink:href="MPK16_ORYSJ">MPK16_ORYSJ</ext-link></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>VvMPK6</italic></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">GSVIVT01014081001</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Ricinus communis</italic></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">80.1</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="UniProt" xlink:href="B9SR58_RICCO">B9SR58_RICCO</ext-link></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Populus trichocarpa</italic></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">78.7</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="UniProt" xlink:href="B9GGZ4_POPTR">B9GGZ4_POPTR</ext-link></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>VvMPK7</italic></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">GSVIVT01017873001</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Ricinus communis</italic></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">90.9</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="UniProt" xlink:href="B9RSS7_RICCO">B9RSS7_RICCO</ext-link></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Populus trichocarpa</italic></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">90.2</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="UniProt" xlink:href="B9HY78_POPTR">B9HY78_POPTR</ext-link></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Arabidopsis lyrata</italic> subsp<italic>. Lyrata</italic></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">84.7</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="UniProt" xlink:href="D7LYJ6_ARALL">D7LYJ6_ARALL</ext-link></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Arabidopsis thaliana</italic></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">84.5</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="UniProt" xlink:href="MPK16_ARATH">MPK16_ARATH</ext-link></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Oryza sativa</italic> subsp<italic>. Japonica</italic></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">83.6</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="UniProt" xlink:href="MPK15_ORYSJ">MPK15_ORYSJ</ext-link></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Oryza sativa</italic> subsp<italic>. Indica</italic></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">83.2</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="UniProt" xlink:href="B3GCK9_ORYSI">B3GCK9_ORYSI</ext-link></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Zea mays</italic></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">79.9</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="UniProt" xlink:href="Q6TAR9_MAIZE">Q6TAR9_MAIZE</ext-link></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Triticum aestivum</italic></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">77.9</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="UniProt" xlink:href="A9RAB1_WHEAT">A9RAB1_WHEAT</ext-link></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>VvMPK9</italic></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">GSVIVT01019406001</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Populus trichocarpa</italic></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">91.4</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="UniProt" xlink:href="B9GWV0_POPTR">B9GWV0_POPTR</ext-link></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Papaver rhoeas</italic></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">89.3</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="UniProt" xlink:href="Q683Y4_9MAGN">Q683Y4_9MAGN</ext-link></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Ricinus communis</italic></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">87.4</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="UniProt" xlink:href="B9RCG7_RICCO">B9RCG7_RICCO</ext-link></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Solanum tuberosum</italic></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">84.8</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="UniProt" xlink:href="Q8LT16_SOLTU">Q8LT16_SOLTU</ext-link></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Sorghum bicolor</italic></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">82.7</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="UniProt" xlink:href="C5YH06_SORBI">C5YH06_SORBI</ext-link></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Medicago truncatula</italic></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">81.9</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="UniProt" xlink:href="B7FK53_MEDTR">B7FK53_MEDTR</ext-link></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>VvMPK10</italic></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">GSVIVT01022771001</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Populus trichocarpa</italic></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">75.7</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="UniProt" xlink:href="B9GZV6_POPTR">B9GZV6_POPTR</ext-link></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>VvMPK11</italic></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">GSVIVT01025091001</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Nicotiana attenuate</italic></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">86.6</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="UniProt" xlink:href="A5H7H6_NICAT">A5H7H6_NICAT</ext-link></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Ricinus communis</italic></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">86.0</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="UniProt" xlink:href="B9SW68_RICCO">B9SW68_RICCO</ext-link></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Malus domestica</italic></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">85.3</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="UniProt" xlink:href="D1MFM2_MALDO">D1MFM2_MALDO</ext-link></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Solanum lycopersicum</italic></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">83.5</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="UniProt" xlink:href="E2GLN8_SOLLC">E2GLN8_SOLLC</ext-link></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Nicotiana benthamiana</italic></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">83.5</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="UniProt" xlink:href="B2NIC1_NICBE">B2NIC1_NICBE</ext-link></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Medicago sativa</italic></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">82.7</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="UniProt" xlink:href="Q9ZP91_MEDSA">Q9ZP91_MEDSA</ext-link></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Nicotiana tabacum</italic></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">82.7</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="UniProt" xlink:href="NTF6_TOBAC">NTF6_TOBAC</ext-link></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Solanum tuberosum</italic></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">82.7</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="UniProt" xlink:href="Q8LT15_SOLTU">Q8LT15_SOLTU</ext-link></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Arabidopsis lyrata</italic> subsp<italic>. Lyrata</italic></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">80.4</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="UniProt" xlink:href="D7KHW6_ARALL">D7KHW6_ARALL</ext-link></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Arabidopsis thaliana</italic></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">79.8</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="UniProt" xlink:href="MPK13_ARATH">MPK13_ARATH</ext-link></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>VvMPK12</italic></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">GSVIVT01025105001</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Citrus sinensis</italic></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">90.3</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="UniProt" xlink:href="A2IB54_CITSI">A2IB54_CITSI</ext-link></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Populus trichocarpa</italic></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">90.0</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="UniProt" xlink:href="B9HNK3_POPTR">B9HNK3_POPTR</ext-link></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Catharanthus roseus</italic></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">89.7</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="UniProt" xlink:href="B8LFE0_CATRO">B8LFE0_CATRO</ext-link></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Cucumis sativus</italic></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">89.3</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="UniProt" xlink:href="Q0R4I2_CUCSA">Q0R4I2_CUCSA</ext-link></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Solanum lycopersicum</italic></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">86.9</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="UniProt" xlink:href="Q84MI4_SOLLC">Q84MI4_SOLLC</ext-link></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Medicago truncatula</italic></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">86.8</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="UniProt" xlink:href="B7FJD9_MEDTR">B7FJD9_MEDTR</ext-link></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Solanum peruvianum</italic></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">86.6</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="UniProt" xlink:href="A8VJL7_SOLPE">A8VJL7_SOLPE</ext-link></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Solanum tuberosum</italic></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">86.6</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="UniProt" xlink:href="Q3V6C4_SOLTU">Q3V6C4_SOLTU</ext-link></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Nicotiana attenuate</italic></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">86.6</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="UniProt" xlink:href="A5H2L1_NICAT">A5H2L1_NICAT</ext-link></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Ricinus communis</italic></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">86.4</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="UniProt" xlink:href="B9T1Z7_RICCO">B9T1Z7_RICCO</ext-link></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Capsicum annuum</italic></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">86.3</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="UniProt" xlink:href="Q9LKZ2_CAPAN">Q9LKZ2_CAPAN</ext-link></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Nicotiana benthamiana</italic></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">86.3</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="UniProt" xlink:href="Q8H0B4_NICBE">Q8H0B4_NICBE</ext-link></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Nicotiana tabacum</italic></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">86.0</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="UniProt" xlink:href="Q8W406_TOBAC">Q8W406_TOBAC</ext-link></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Pisum sativum</italic></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">86.0</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="UniProt" xlink:href="Q9M6S1_PEA">Q9M6S1_PEA</ext-link></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Brassica napus</italic></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">86.0</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="UniProt" xlink:href="Q5IV18_BRANA">Q5IV18_BRANA</ext-link></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Medicago sativa</italic></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">85.7</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="UniProt" xlink:href="O24077_MEDSA">O24077_MEDSA</ext-link></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Petroselinum crispum</italic></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">85.7</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="UniProt" xlink:href="O04694_PETCR">O04694_PETCR</ext-link></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Glycine max</italic></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">85.4</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="UniProt" xlink:href="Q5K6Q4_SOYBN">Q5K6Q4_SOYBN</ext-link></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Arabidopsis thaliana</italic></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">84.2</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="UniProt" xlink:href="MPK3_ARATH">MPK3_ARATH</ext-link></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Saccharum officinarum</italic></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">78.2</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="UniProt" xlink:href="Q4QWQ7_SACOF">Q4QWQ7_SACOF</ext-link></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Oryza sativa</italic> subsp.<italic>iÝndica</italic></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">77.6</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="UniProt" xlink:href="MPK5_ORYSI">MPK5_ORYSI</ext-link></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Avena sativa</italic></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">77.3</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="UniProt" xlink:href="Q43379_AVESA">Q43379_AVESA</ext-link></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>VvMPK13</italic></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">GSVIVT01026984001</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Nicotiana attenuate</italic></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">90.7</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="UniProt" xlink:href="A5H7H4_NICAT">A5H7H4_NICAT</ext-link></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Ricinus communis</italic></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">90.5</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="UniProt" xlink:href="B9RDW5_RICCO">B9RDW5_RICCO</ext-link></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Glycine max</italic></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">89.9</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="UniProt" xlink:href="C6TEP0_SOYBN">C6TEP0_SOYBN</ext-link></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Populus trichocarpa</italic></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">89.2</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="UniProt" xlink:href="B9GQC1_POPTR">B9GQC1_POPTR</ext-link></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Malus hupehensis</italic></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">89.2</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="UniProt" xlink:href="B1N8Y5_9ROSA">B1N8Y5_9ROSA</ext-link></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Petroselinum crispum</italic></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">89.0</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="UniProt" xlink:href="Q84XZ6_PETCR">Q84XZ6_PETCR</ext-link></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Nicotiana tabacum</italic></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">88.5</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="UniProt" xlink:href="Q3C254_TOBAC">Q3C254_TOBAC</ext-link></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Solanum lycopersicum</italic></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">88.2</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="UniProt" xlink:href="D7R517_SOLLC">D7R517_SOLLC</ext-link></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Thellungiella halophile</italic></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">87.4</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="UniProt" xlink:href="E4MW58_THEHA">E4MW58_THEHA</ext-link></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Brassica napus</italic></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">87.3</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="UniProt" xlink:href="E3US78_BRANA">E3US78_BRANA</ext-link></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Arabidopsis thaliana</italic></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">87.2</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="UniProt" xlink:href="MPK4_ARATH">MPK4_ARATH</ext-link></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Arabidopsis lyrata</italic> subsp<italic>. Lyrata</italic></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">86.9</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="UniProt" xlink:href="D7M4W5_ARALL">D7M4W5_ARALL</ext-link></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Malus micromalus</italic></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">86.4</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="UniProt" xlink:href="Q8GZR5_MALMI">Q8GZR5_MALMI</ext-link></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Medicago sativa</italic></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">86.3</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="UniProt" xlink:href="MMK2_MEDSA">MMK2_MEDSA</ext-link></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Oryza sativa</italic> subsp<italic>. Ýndica</italic></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">83.6</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="UniProt" xlink:href="A2Z9P1_ORYSI">A2Z9P1_ORYSI</ext-link></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Oryza sativa</italic> subsp<italic>. Japonica</italic></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">83.6</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="UniProt" xlink:href="MPK6_ORYSJ">MPK6_ORYSJ</ext-link></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Zea mays</italic></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">83.2</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="UniProt" xlink:href="B4FH09_MAIZE">B4FH09_MAIZE</ext-link></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Sorghum bicolor</italic></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">82.4</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="UniProt" xlink:href="C5WUG0_SORBI">C5WUG0_SORBI</ext-link></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Physcomitrella patens</italic> subsp<italic>. patens</italic></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">80.9</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="UniProt" xlink:href="A9S9Q8_PHYPA">A9S9Q8_PHYPA</ext-link></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Pinus tadea</italic></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">78.0</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="UniProt" xlink:href="C7ENI4_PINTA">C7ENI4_PINTA</ext-link></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>VvMPK14</italic></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">GSVIVT01038192001</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Populus trichocarpa</italic></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">95.7</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="UniProt" xlink:href="B9HGK0_POPTR">B9HGK0_POPTR</ext-link></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Malus domestica</italic></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">95.2</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="UniProt" xlink:href="D1MFM1_MALDO">D1MFM1_MALDO</ext-link></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Pisum sativum</italic></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">94.8</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="UniProt" xlink:href="MAPK_PEA">MAPK_PEA</ext-link></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Ricinus communis</italic></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">94.5</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="UniProt" xlink:href="B9SFT4_RICCO">B9SFT4_RICCO</ext-link></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Medicago sativa</italic></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">94.2</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="UniProt" xlink:href="MMK1_MEDSA">MMK1_MEDSA</ext-link></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Glycine max</italic></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">94.2</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="UniProt" xlink:href="Q5K6N6_SOYBN">Q5K6N6_SOYBN</ext-link></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Nicotiana tabacum</italic></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">93.3</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="UniProt" xlink:href="NTF4_TOBAC">NTF4_TOBAC</ext-link></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Solanum tuberosum</italic></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">93.0</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="UniProt" xlink:href="Q8LT17_SOLTU">Q8LT17_SOLTU</ext-link></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Nicotiana benthamiana</italic></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">93.0</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="UniProt" xlink:href="B3IWK6_NICBE">B3IWK6_NICBE</ext-link></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Solanum lycopersicum</italic></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">93.0</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="UniProt" xlink:href="Q84MI5_SOLLC">Q84MI5_SOLLC</ext-link></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Capsicum annuum</italic></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">92.7</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="UniProt" xlink:href="Q9LKZ1_CAPAN">Q9LKZ1_CAPAN</ext-link></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Solanum peruvianum</italic></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">92.7</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="UniProt" xlink:href="B5B2H6_SOLPE">B5B2H6_SOLPE</ext-link></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Nicotiana attenuate</italic></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">92.4</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="UniProt" xlink:href="A5H2L0_NICAT">A5H2L0_NICAT</ext-link></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Arabidopsis thaliana</italic></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">91.8</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="UniProt" xlink:href="MPK6_ARATH">MPK6_ARATH</ext-link></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Arabidopsis lyrata</italic> subsp<italic>. Lyrata</italic></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">91.8</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="UniProt" xlink:href="D7LKI6_ARALL">D7LKI6_ARALL</ext-link></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Brassica napus</italic></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">91.5</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="UniProt" xlink:href="E1B2J5_BRANA">E1B2J5_BRANA</ext-link></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Sorghum bicolor</italic></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">90.9</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="UniProt" xlink:href="C5Z4D1_SORBI">C5Z4D1_SORBI</ext-link></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Oryza sativa</italic> subsp<italic>. Japonica</italic></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">90.5</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="UniProt" xlink:href="MPK1_ORYSJ">MPK1_ORYSJ</ext-link></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Zea mays</italic></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">90.5</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="UniProt" xlink:href="B8QN51_MAIZE">B8QN51_MAIZE</ext-link></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Oryza sativa</italic> subsp<italic>. Indica</italic></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">90.5</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="UniProt" xlink:href="B3GCK7_ORYSI">B3GCK7_ORYSI</ext-link></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Triticum aestivum</italic></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">89.9</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="UniProt" xlink:href="Q84XZ3_WHEAT">Q84XZ3_WHEAT</ext-link></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Pinus tadea</italic></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">87.5</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="UniProt" xlink:href="C7ENI3_PINTA">C7ENI3_PINTA</ext-link></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>VvMPKK2</italic></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">GSVIVT01015155001</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Populus trichocarpa</italic></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">81.7</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="UniProt" xlink:href="B9IKC3_POPTR">B9IKC3_POPTR</ext-link></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Ricinus communis</italic></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">81.2</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="UniProt" xlink:href="B9RK49_RICCO">B9RK49_RICCO</ext-link></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Petroselinum crispum</italic></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">79.3</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="UniProt" xlink:href="Q6QMT5_PETCR">Q6QMT5_PETCR</ext-link></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Malus domestica</italic></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">77.6</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="UniProt" xlink:href="D1MFM3_MALDO">D1MFM3_MALDO</ext-link></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Nicotiana tabacum</italic></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">76.8</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="UniProt" xlink:href="Q9M6Q9_TOBAC">Q9M6Q9_TOBAC</ext-link></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Solanum lycopersicum</italic></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">76.3</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="UniProt" xlink:href="O48616_SOLLC">O48616_SOLLC</ext-link></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Arabidopsis thaliana</italic></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">75.6</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="UniProt" xlink:href="C0Z2L0_ARATH">C0Z2L0_ARATH</ext-link></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Glycine max</italic></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">75.1</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="UniProt" xlink:href="Q5JCL0_SOYBN">Q5JCL0_SOYBN</ext-link></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>VvMKK3</italic></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">GSVIVT01015283001</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Ricinus communis</italic></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">89.0</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="UniProt" xlink:href="B9RKG0_RICCO">B9RKG0_RICCO</ext-link></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Solanum lycopersicum</italic></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">88.7</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="UniProt" xlink:href="Q66MH7_SOLLC">Q66MH7_SOLLC</ext-link></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Nicotiana tabacum</italic></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">88.1</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="UniProt" xlink:href="Q9AYN9_TOBAC">Q9AYN9_TOBAC</ext-link></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Nicotiana benthamiana</italic></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">87.3</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="UniProt" xlink:href="B2NIC2_NICBE">B2NIC2_NICBE</ext-link></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Origanum onites</italic></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">86.1</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="UniProt" xlink:href="A7U0S8_9LAMI">A7U0S8_9LAMI</ext-link></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Arabidopsis thaliana</italic></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">83.3</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="UniProt" xlink:href="M2K6_ARATH">M2K6_ARATH</ext-link></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Arabidopsis lyrata</italic> subsp<italic>. Lyrata</italic></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">83.1</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="UniProt" xlink:href="D7MLT9_ARALL">D7MLT9_ARALL</ext-link></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Oryza sativa</italic> subsp<italic>. Japonica</italic></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">77.3</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="UniProt" xlink:href="M2K1_ORYSJ">M2K1_ORYSJ</ext-link></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Oryza sativa</italic> subsp<italic>. Ýndica</italic></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">77.3</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="UniProt" xlink:href="Q0Z7Z4_ORYSI">Q0Z7Z4_ORYSI</ext-link></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Zea mays</italic></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">77.1</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="UniProt" xlink:href="O49975_MAIZE">O49975_MAIZE</ext-link></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Sorghum bicolor</italic></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">76.8</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="UniProt" xlink:href="C5XIE1_SORBI">C5XIE1_SORBI</ext-link></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>VvMKK5</italic></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">GSVIVT01032414001</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Ricinus communis</italic></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">86.3</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="UniProt" xlink:href="B9S641_RICCO">B9S641_RICCO</ext-link></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Populus trichocarpa</italic></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">84.6</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="UniProt" xlink:href="B9GI57_POPTR">B9GI57_POPTR</ext-link></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Nicotiana tabacum</italic></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">82.8</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="UniProt" xlink:href="Q40542_TOBAC">Q40542_TOBAC</ext-link></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Suaeda salsa</italic></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">79.0</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="UniProt" xlink:href="Q8L8I2_SUASA">Q8L8I2_SUASA</ext-link></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Arabidopsis thaliana</italic></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">78.6</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="UniProt" xlink:href="O80396_ARATH">O80396_ARATH</ext-link></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>VviMAPKKK3</italic></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">GSVIVT01001193001</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Populus trichocarpa</italic></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">85.5</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="UniProt" xlink:href="B9GSK4_POPTR">B9GSK4_POPTR</ext-link></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Ricinus communis</italic></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">77.8</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="UniProt" xlink:href="B9SFH0_RICCO">B9SFH0_RICCO</ext-link></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>VviMAPKKK4</italic></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">GSVIVT01001690001</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Populus trichocarpa</italic></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">82.2</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="UniProt" xlink:href="B9GTK7_POPTR">B9GTK7_POPTR</ext-link></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Ricinus communis</italic></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">80.7</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="UniProt" xlink:href="B9T446_RICCO">B9T446_RICCO</ext-link></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>VviMAPKKK8</italic></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">GSVIVT01007637001</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Populus trichocarpa</italic></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">80.5</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="UniProt" xlink:href="B9I3F6_POPTR">B9I3F6_POPTR</ext-link></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Ricinus communis</italic></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">79.3</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="UniProt" xlink:href="B9RAT5_RICCO">B9RAT5_RICCO</ext-link></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Glycine max</italic></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">78.7</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="UniProt" xlink:href="C0M0P4_SOYBN">C0M0P4_SOYBN</ext-link></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Medicago sativa</italic></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">78.0</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="UniProt" xlink:href="Q84RS1_MEDSA">Q84RS1_MEDSA</ext-link></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>VviMAPKKK9</italic></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">GSVIVT01007646001</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Ricinus communis</italic></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">88.3</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="UniProt" xlink:href="B9RAU4_RICCO">B9RAU4_RICCO</ext-link></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Glycine max</italic></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">84.7</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="UniProt" xlink:href="C6T9D3_SOYBN">C6T9D3_SOYBN</ext-link></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Oryza sativa</italic></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">82.1</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="UniProt" xlink:href="B8AEQ7_ORYSI">B8AEQ7_ORYSI</ext-link></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Zea mays</italic></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">82.1</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="UniProt" xlink:href="C0P3M4_MAIZE">C0P3M4_MAIZE</ext-link></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Oryza sativa</italic> subsp<italic>. Japonica</italic></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">82.1</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="UniProt" xlink:href="Q6ZH81_ORYSJ">Q6ZH81_ORYSJ</ext-link></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Arabidopsis thaliana</italic></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">81.8</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="UniProt" xlink:href="Q9FGS7_ARATH">Q9FGS7_ARATH</ext-link></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>VviMAPKKK10</italic></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">GSVIVT01007762001</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Populus trichocarpa</italic></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">88.0</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="UniProt" xlink:href="B9IEQ9_POPTR">B9IEQ9_POPTR</ext-link></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Ricinus communis</italic></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">84.1</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="UniProt" xlink:href="B9RB33_RICCO">B9RB33_RICCO</ext-link></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>VviMAPKKK12</italic></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">GSVIVT01008413001</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Populus trichocarpa</italic></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">80.8</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="UniProt" xlink:href="B9IEA9_POPTR">B9IEA9_POPTR</ext-link></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>VviMAPKKK17</italic></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">GSVIVT01012031001</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Ricinus communis</italic></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">79.8</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="UniProt" xlink:href="B9S4I8_RICCO">B9S4I8_RICCO</ext-link></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Arabidopsis thaliana</italic></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">76.9</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="UniProt" xlink:href="Q9LJD8_ARATH">Q9LJD8_ARATH</ext-link></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>VviMAPKKK25</italic></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">GSVIVT01018020001</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Populus trichocarpa</italic></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">84.0</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="UniProt" xlink:href="B9HUS5_POPTR">B9HUS5_POPTR</ext-link></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Ricinus communis</italic></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">79.4</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="UniProt" xlink:href="B9RTM1_RICCO">B9RTM1_RICCO</ext-link></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Arabidopsis thaliana</italic></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">75.1</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="UniProt" xlink:href="Q9LUI6_ARATH">Q9LUI6_ARATH</ext-link></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>VviMAPKKK29</italic></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">GSVIVT01019739001</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Ricinus communis</italic></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">76.3</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="UniProt" xlink:href="B9RCD5_RICCO">B9RCD5_RICCO</ext-link></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Populus trichocarpa</italic></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">76.0</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="UniProt" xlink:href="B9GKG5_POPTR">B9GKG5_POPTR</ext-link></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>VviMAPKKK31</italic></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">GSVIVT01020712001</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Ricinus communis</italic></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">84.0</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="UniProt" xlink:href="B9SRD1_RICCO">B9SRD1_RICCO</ext-link></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Populus trichocarpa</italic></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">82.4</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="UniProt" xlink:href="B9IA51_POPTR">B9IA51_POPTR</ext-link></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>VviMAPKKK34</italic></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">GSVIVT01022098001</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Populus trichocarpa</italic></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">82.7</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="UniProt" xlink:href="B9HHA4_POPTR">B9HHA4_POPTR</ext-link></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>VviMAPKKK40</italic></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">GSVIVT01023958001</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Populus trichocarpa</italic></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">82.2</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="UniProt" xlink:href="B9H1M1_POPTR">B9H1M1_POPTR</ext-link></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Ricinus communis</italic></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">79.8</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="UniProt" xlink:href="B9S5G6_RICCO">B9S5G6_RICCO</ext-link></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>VviMAPKKK42</italic></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">GSVIVT01026487001</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Ricinus communis</italic></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">77.0</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="UniProt" xlink:href="B9SUR2_RICCO">B9SUR2_RICCO</ext-link></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>VviMAPKKK45</italic></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">GSVIVT01028897001</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Ricinus communis</italic></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">83.2</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="UniProt" xlink:href="B9RIV9_RICCO">B9RIV9_RICCO</ext-link></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Populus trichocarpa</italic></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">82.9</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="UniProt" xlink:href="B9IDA8_POPTR">B9IDA8_POPTR</ext-link></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>VviMAPKKK50</italic></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">GSVIVT01030194001</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Ricinus communis</italic></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">85.4</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="UniProt" xlink:href="B9T3P6_RICCO">B9T3P6_RICCO</ext-link></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Populus trichocarpa</italic></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">84.3</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="UniProt" xlink:href="B9IGR7_POPTR">B9IGR7_POPTR</ext-link></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Medicago truncatula</italic></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">84.0</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="UniProt" xlink:href="B7FKS6_MEDTR">B7FKS6_MEDTR</ext-link></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Glycine max</italic></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">81.6</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="UniProt" xlink:href="C6TMB8_SOYBN">C6TMB8_SOYBN</ext-link></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Arabidopsis thaliana</italic></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">80.9</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="UniProt" xlink:href="Q8L6Y9_ARATH">Q8L6Y9_ARATH</ext-link></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>VviMAPKKK54</italic></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">GSVIVT01032389001</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Populus trichocarpa</italic></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">91.2</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="UniProt" xlink:href="B9GI75_POPTR">B9GI75_POPTR</ext-link></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Ricinus communis</italic></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">89.5</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="UniProt" xlink:href="B9S662_RICCO">B9S662_RICCO</ext-link></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Cucumis sativus</italic></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">82.4</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="UniProt" xlink:href="Q7XJ65_CUCSA">Q7XJ65_CUCSA</ext-link></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Arabidopsis thaliana</italic></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">81.3</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="UniProt" xlink:href="Q9LT56_ARATH">Q9LT56_ARATH</ext-link></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>VviMAPKKK55</italic></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">GSVIVT01032487001</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Populus trichocarpa</italic></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">89.2</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="UniProt" xlink:href="B9IJN5_POPTR">B9IJN5_POPTR</ext-link></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Ricinus communis</italic></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">88.0</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="UniProt" xlink:href="B9RB44_RICCO">B9RB44_RICCO</ext-link></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Arabidopsis thaliana</italic></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">86.9</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="UniProt" xlink:href="Q9SSA4_ARATH">Q9SSA4_ARATH</ext-link></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Oryza sativa</italic> subsp<italic>. Japonica</italic></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">84.6</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="UniProt" xlink:href="Q6L5F3_ORYSJ">Q6L5F3_ORYSJ</ext-link></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Oryza sativa</italic> subsp<italic>. Indica</italic></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">84.6</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="UniProt" xlink:href="A2Y7U2_ORYSI">A2Y7U2_ORYSI</ext-link></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Zea mays</italic></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">83.3</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="UniProt" xlink:href="B6U656_MAIZE">B6U656_MAIZE</ext-link></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>VviMAPKKK56</italic></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">GSVIVT01033779001</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Populus trichocarpa</italic></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">80.9</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="UniProt" xlink:href="B9IFS3_POPTR">B9IFS3_POPTR</ext-link></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Prunus salinica</italic></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">79.8</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="UniProt" xlink:href="A9UAN3_9ROSA">A9UAN3_9ROSA</ext-link></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Ricinus communis</italic></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">79.8</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="UniProt" xlink:href="B9SRG7_RICCO">B9SRG7_RICCO</ext-link></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Prunus persica</italic></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">78.9</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="UniProt" xlink:href="C4PKQ3_PRUPE">C4PKQ3_PRUPE</ext-link></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Rosa hybrid cultivar</italic></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">78.6</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="UniProt" xlink:href="Q93XL9_ROSHC">Q93XL9_ROSHC</ext-link></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Malus domestica</italic></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">78.5</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="UniProt" xlink:href="A2T3V2_MALDO">A2T3V2_MALDO</ext-link></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Solanum lycopersicum</italic></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">77.1</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="UniProt" xlink:href="Q5YKK5_SOLLC">Q5YKK5_SOLLC</ext-link></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>VviMAPKKK58</italic></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">GSVIVT01034988001</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Ricinus communis</italic></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">78.3</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="UniProt" xlink:href="B9RZR2_RICCO">B9RZR2_RICCO</ext-link></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Populus trichocarpa</italic></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">78.0</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="UniProt" xlink:href="B9HIN4_POPTR">B9HIN4_POPTR</ext-link></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>VviMAPKKK61</italic></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">GSVIVT01037773001</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Ricinus communis</italic></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">80.4</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="UniProt" xlink:href="B9SSS7_RICCO">B9SSS7_RICCO</ext-link></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Gossypium hirsutum</italic></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">79.5</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="UniProt" xlink:href="Q7Y236_GOSHI">Q7Y236_GOSHI</ext-link></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Arabidopsis thaliana</italic></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">76.8</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="UniProt" xlink:href="WNK11_ARATH">WNK11_ARATH</ext-link></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>VvMAP4K3</italic></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">GSVIVT01014297001</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Ricinus communis</italic></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">76.6</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="UniProt" xlink:href="B9T3W4_RICCO">B9T3W4_RICCO</ext-link></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Populus trichocarpa</italic></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">76.1</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="UniProt" xlink:href="B9N1E7_POPTR">B9N1E7_POPTR</ext-link></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>VvMAP4K5</italic></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">GSVIVT01019643001</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Populus trichocarpa</italic></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">79.8</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="UniProt" xlink:href="B9GK86_POPTR">B9GK86_POPTR</ext-link></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Ricinus communis</italic></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">79.3</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="UniProt" xlink:href="B9RYT1_RICCO">B9RYT1_RICCO</ext-link></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>VvMAP4K7</italic></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">GSVIVT01032461001</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Populus trichocarpa</italic></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">80.0</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="UniProt" xlink:href="B9GHQ7_POPTR">B9GHQ7_POPTR</ext-link></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Carica papaya</italic></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">79.0</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="UniProt" xlink:href="A7L4B0_CARPA">A7L4B0_CARPA</ext-link></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Arabidopsis thaliana</italic></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">75.6</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="UniProt" xlink:href="Q9LER4_ARATH">Q9LER4_ARATH</ext-link></td></tr></tbody></table><table-wrap-foot><p><italic>Columns 1–4 contain the protein name, Vitis proteome 12× ID, GenBank ID, species, percentage identity (%ID), UniprotKB ID</italic>.</p></table-wrap-foot></table-wrap><p>All of the 14 <italic>Vitis</italic> MAPK proteins are represented in the Vitis ESTs database (Supplementary Table <xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="SM1">1</xref>) and are expressed in different tissues such as fruits, berries, buds, flowers, leaves, and roots. In addition, 12 <italic>VvMPK</italic> genes were isolated (Wang et al., <xref rid="B85" ref-type="bibr">2014a</xref>). Expression analysis of <italic>VvMPK</italic> genes showed that all <italic>VvMPK</italic> genes are expressed during grapevine growth and development, and in biotic and abiotic stresses (Wang et al., <xref rid="B85" ref-type="bibr">2014a</xref>).</p></sec><sec><title>MAPKKs</title><p>This subfamily consists of 10 members in <italic>Arabidopsis</italic> genome (Group et al., <xref rid="B21" ref-type="bibr">2002</xref>), whereas <italic>Vitis</italic> genome contains 5 members of MAPKK subfamily. The full length VvMKK sequences range in size from 224 to 519 amino acids (Table <xref ref-type="table" rid="T1">1</xref>). The members of the MAPKK subfamily in the <italic>Vitis</italic> genome share 29–40% similarity with each other. By phylogenetic analysis, we also identified orthologs of <italic>Vitis</italic> MAPKKs in <italic>Arabidopsis</italic> such as VvMKK5/AtMKK3 (78.6% similarity), VvMKK3/AtMKK6 (83.1% similarity), and VvMKK2/AtMKK2 (70.4% similarity) supported with significant bootstrap values. The phylogenetic analysis confirmed that VvMKK3 shares 83.3% similarity with its homolog from <italic>Arabidopsis</italic> on the basis of orthology analysis, (Figure <xref ref-type="fig" rid="F3">3</xref>, Table <xref ref-type="table" rid="T2">2</xref>).</p><fig id="F3" position="float"><label>Figure 3</label><caption><p><bold>Phylogenetic tree of MAPKK protein sequences from <italic>Arabidopsis</italic> and <italic>Vitis vinifera</italic></bold>. The amino acid sequences of all <italic>Arabidopsis</italic> MAPKK proteins and those of <italic>Vitis vinifera</italic> were aligned using the MUSCLE program and subjected to phylogenetic analysis by the distance with neighborjoining method using MEGA5 programme. Accession numbers for Arabidopsis sequences are AtMKK1 (<ext-link ext-link-type="DDBJ/EMBL/GenBank" xlink:href="At4g26070">At4g26070</ext-link>), AtMKK2 (<ext-link ext-link-type="DDBJ/EMBL/GenBank" xlink:href="At4g29810">At4g29810</ext-link>), AtMKK3 (<ext-link ext-link-type="DDBJ/EMBL/GenBank" xlink:href="At5g40440">At5g40440</ext-link>), AtMKK4 (<ext-link ext-link-type="DDBJ/EMBL/GenBank" xlink:href="At1g51660">At1g51660</ext-link>), AtMKK5 (<ext-link ext-link-type="DDBJ/EMBL/GenBank" xlink:href="At3g21220">At3g21220</ext-link>), AtMKK 6 (<ext-link ext-link-type="DDBJ/EMBL/GenBank" xlink:href="At5g56580">At5g56580</ext-link>), AtMKK7 (<ext-link ext-link-type="DDBJ/EMBL/GenBank" xlink:href="At1g18350">At1g18350</ext-link>), AtMKK8 (<ext-link ext-link-type="DDBJ/EMBL/GenBank" xlink:href="At3g06230">At3g06230</ext-link>), AtMKK9 (<ext-link ext-link-type="DDBJ/EMBL/GenBank" xlink:href="At1g73500">At1g73500</ext-link>), AtMKK10 (<ext-link ext-link-type="DDBJ/EMBL/GenBank" xlink:href="At1g32320">At1g32320</ext-link>).</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="fpls-06-00556-g0003"></graphic></fig><p>To date, none of the <italic>Vitis</italic> MAPKK homologs have been cloned or characterized. However, 98 ESTs were identified for this subfamily in different tissues in response to biotic or abiotic stresses (Supplementary Table <xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="SM2">2</xref>). A role of MAPK kinase, MKK1 in abiotic stress signaling was previously demonstrated (Matsuoka et al., <xref rid="B54" ref-type="bibr">2002</xref>). Analysis of MKK1 revealed that drought, salt stress, cold, wounding activated MKK1, which in turns activates its downstream target MPK4 (Matsuoka et al., <xref rid="B54" ref-type="bibr">2002</xref>). Tobacco NtMEK2 is functionally interchangeable with two <italic>Arabidopsis</italic> MAPKKs, AtMKK4, and AtMKK5 in activating the downstream MAPKs (Ren et al., <xref rid="B73" ref-type="bibr">2002</xref>). MdMKK1 was reported to be downregulated by ABA (Wang et al., <xref rid="B90" ref-type="bibr">2010</xref>). In <italic>Arabidopsis</italic>, AtMKK3 is upregulated in response to ABA (Hwa and Yang, <xref rid="B25" ref-type="bibr">2008</xref>). Interestingly, AtMKK1/AtMKK2 play an important role in signaling in ROS homeostasis (Liu, <xref rid="B47" ref-type="bibr">2012</xref>).</p></sec><sec><title>MAPKKKs</title><p>With 62 members, the MAPKKK subfamily represents the largest subfamily of <italic>V. vinifera</italic> MAPK cascade proteins, which is smaller than those of <italic>Arabidopsis</italic> (80 members) and rice (75 members) (Colcombet and Hirt, <xref rid="B9" ref-type="bibr">2008</xref>; Rao et al., <xref rid="B72" ref-type="bibr">2010</xref>). Recently, Wang et al. (<xref rid="B86" ref-type="bibr">2014b</xref>) identified 45 MAPKKK genes in grapevine 12x genome coverage (Wang et al., <xref rid="B86" ref-type="bibr">2014b</xref>). The difference in the number of MAPKKK members in grapevine genome may be related to the “E” value > E-120 used in this report, which is more significant. In addition, domain scan using two different databases (PROSITE and CDD) can identify more sequences in the grapevine genome.</p><p>The members of the <italic>Vitis</italic> MAPKKK subfamily share 11–35% identity with each other and distributed on various chromosomes (from 2 to 18) (Table <xref ref-type="table" rid="T1">1</xref>). The full length <italic>Vitis</italic> MAPKKK sequences range from 175 (VviMAPKKK38) to 1397 (VviMAPKKK17) amino acids. The phylogenetic analysis of both <italic>Vitis</italic> and <italic>Arabidopsis</italic> MAPKKK sequences shows that this subfamily is categorized into three main groups with bootstrap values up to 93% (Figure <xref ref-type="fig" rid="F4">4</xref>).</p><fig id="F4" position="float"><label>Figure 4</label><caption><p><bold>Phylogenetic tree of MAPKKK protein sequences from <italic>Arabidopsis</italic> and <italic>Vitis vinifera</italic></bold>. The amino acid sequences of all <italic>Arabidopsis</italic> MAPKKK proteins and those of <italic>Vitis vinifera</italic> were aligned using the MUSCLE program and subjected to phylogenetic analysis by the distance with neighborjoining method using MEGA5 programme. MAPKKK forms the largest group of MAPK cascades with 62 members classified into three subfamilies, MEKK, Raf, and ZIK containing 21, 29, and 12 genes, recpectively in <italic>Vitis</italic> genome. Accession numbers for Arabidopsis sequences are AtMEKK1 (<ext-link ext-link-type="DDBJ/EMBL/GenBank" xlink:href="At1g09000">At1g09000</ext-link>), AtMEKK2 (<ext-link ext-link-type="DDBJ/EMBL/GenBank" xlink:href="At1g54960">At1g54960</ext-link>), AtMEKK3 (<ext-link ext-link-type="DDBJ/EMBL/GenBank" xlink:href="At1g53570">At1g53570</ext-link>), AtMEKK4 (<ext-link ext-link-type="DDBJ/EMBL/GenBank" xlink:href="At1g63700">At1g63700</ext-link>), AtMEKK5 (<ext-link ext-link-type="DDBJ/EMBL/GenBank" xlink:href="At5g66850">At5g66850</ext-link>), AtMEKK6 (<ext-link ext-link-type="DDBJ/EMBL/GenBank" xlink:href="At3g07980">At3g07980</ext-link>), AtMEKK7 (<ext-link ext-link-type="DDBJ/EMBL/GenBank" xlink:href="At3g13530">At3g13530</ext-link>), AtMEKK8 (<ext-link ext-link-type="DDBJ/EMBL/GenBank" xlink:href="At4g08500">At4g08500</ext-link>), AtMEKK9 (<ext-link ext-link-type="DDBJ/EMBL/GenBank" xlink:href="At4g08480">At4g08480</ext-link>), AtMEKK10 (<ext-link ext-link-type="DDBJ/EMBL/GenBank" xlink:href="At4g08470">At4g08470</ext-link>), AtMEKK11 (<ext-link ext-link-type="DDBJ/EMBL/GenBank" xlink:href="At4g12020">At4g12020</ext-link>), AtMEKK12 (<ext-link ext-link-type="DDBJ/EMBL/GenBank" xlink:href="At3g06030">At3g06030</ext-link>), AtMEKK13 (<ext-link ext-link-type="DDBJ/EMBL/GenBank" xlink:href="At1g07150">At1g07150</ext-link>), AtMEKK14 (<ext-link ext-link-type="DDBJ/EMBL/GenBank" xlink:href="At2g30040">At2g30040</ext-link>), AtMEKK15 (<ext-link ext-link-type="DDBJ/EMBL/GenBank" xlink:href="At5g55090">At5g55090</ext-link>), AtMEKK16 (<ext-link ext-link-type="DDBJ/EMBL/GenBank" xlink:href="At4g26890">At4g26890</ext-link>), AtMEKK17 (<ext-link ext-link-type="DDBJ/EMBL/GenBank" xlink:href="At2g32510">At2g32510</ext-link>), AtMEKK18 (<ext-link ext-link-type="DDBJ/EMBL/GenBank" xlink:href="At1g05100">At1g05100</ext-link>), AtMEKK19 (<ext-link ext-link-type="DDBJ/EMBL/GenBank" xlink:href="At5g67080">At5g67080</ext-link>), AtMEKK20 (<ext-link ext-link-type="DDBJ/EMBL/GenBank" xlink:href="At3g50310">At3g50310</ext-link>), AtMEKK21 (<ext-link ext-link-type="DDBJ/EMBL/GenBank" xlink:href="At4g36950">At4g36950</ext-link>), AtRAF1 (<ext-link ext-link-type="DDBJ/EMBL/GenBank" xlink:href="At5g03730">At5g03730</ext-link>), AtRAF2 (<ext-link ext-link-type="DDBJ/EMBL/GenBank" xlink:href="At1g08720">At1g08720</ext-link>), AtRAF3 (<ext-link ext-link-type="DDBJ/EMBL/GenBank" xlink:href="At5g11850">At5g11850</ext-link>), AtRAF4 (<ext-link ext-link-type="DDBJ/EMBL/GenBank" xlink:href="At1g18160">At1g18160</ext-link>), AtRAF5 (<ext-link ext-link-type="DDBJ/EMBL/GenBank" xlink:href="At1g73660">At1g73660</ext-link>), AtRAF6 (<ext-link ext-link-type="DDBJ/EMBL/GenBank" xlink:href="At4g24480">At4g24480</ext-link>), AtRAF7 (<ext-link ext-link-type="DDBJ/EMBL/GenBank" xlink:href="At3g06620">At3g06620</ext-link>), AtRAF8 (<ext-link ext-link-type="DDBJ/EMBL/GenBank" xlink:href="At3g06630">At3g06630</ext-link>), AtRAF9 (<ext-link ext-link-type="DDBJ/EMBL/GenBank" xlink:href="At3g06640">At3g06640</ext-link>), AtRAF10 (<ext-link ext-link-type="DDBJ/EMBL/GenBank" xlink:href="At5g49470">At5g49470</ext-link>), AtRAF11 (<ext-link ext-link-type="DDBJ/EMBL/GenBank" xlink:href="At1g67890">At1g67890</ext-link>), AtRAF12 (<ext-link ext-link-type="DDBJ/EMBL/GenBank" xlink:href="At4g23050">At4g23050</ext-link>), AtRAF13 (<ext-link ext-link-type="DDBJ/EMBL/GenBank" xlink:href="At2g31010">At2g31010</ext-link>), AtRAF14 (<ext-link ext-link-type="DDBJ/EMBL/GenBank" xlink:href="At2g42630">At2g42630</ext-link>), AtRAF15 (<ext-link ext-link-type="DDBJ/EMBL/GenBank" xlink:href="At3g58640">At3g58640</ext-link>), AtRAF16 (<ext-link ext-link-type="DDBJ/EMBL/GenBank" xlink:href="At1g04700">At1g04700</ext-link>), AtRAF17 (<ext-link ext-link-type="DDBJ/EMBL/GenBank" xlink:href="At1g14000">At1g14000</ext-link>), AtRAF18 (<ext-link ext-link-type="DDBJ/EMBL/GenBank" xlink:href="At1g16270">At1g16270</ext-link>), AtRAF19 (<ext-link ext-link-type="DDBJ/EMBL/GenBank" xlink:href="At1g62400">At1g62400</ext-link>), AtRAF20 (<ext-link ext-link-type="DDBJ/EMBL/GenBank" xlink:href="At1g79570">At1g79570</ext-link>), AtRAF21 (<ext-link ext-link-type="DDBJ/EMBL/GenBank" xlink:href="At2g17700">At2g17700</ext-link>), AtRAF22 (<ext-link ext-link-type="DDBJ/EMBL/GenBank" xlink:href="At2g24360">At2g24360</ext-link>), AtRAF23 (<ext-link ext-link-type="DDBJ/EMBL/GenBank" xlink:href="At2g31800">At2g31800</ext-link>), AtRAF24 (<ext-link ext-link-type="DDBJ/EMBL/GenBank" xlink:href="At2g35050">At2g35050</ext-link>), AtRAF25 (<ext-link ext-link-type="DDBJ/EMBL/GenBank" xlink:href="At2g43850">At2g43850</ext-link>), AtRAF26 (<ext-link ext-link-type="DDBJ/EMBL/GenBank" xlink:href="At4g14780">At4g14780</ext-link>), AtRAF27 (<ext-link ext-link-type="DDBJ/EMBL/GenBank" xlink:href="At4g18950">At4g18950</ext-link>), AtRAF28 (<ext-link ext-link-type="DDBJ/EMBL/GenBank" xlink:href="At4g31170">At4g31170</ext-link>), AtRAF29 (<ext-link ext-link-type="DDBJ/EMBL/GenBank" xlink:href="At4g35780">At4g35780</ext-link>), AtRAF30 (<ext-link ext-link-type="DDBJ/EMBL/GenBank" xlink:href="At4g38470">At4g38470</ext-link>), AtRAF31 (<ext-link ext-link-type="DDBJ/EMBL/GenBank" xlink:href="At5g01850">At5g01850</ext-link>), AtRAF32 (<ext-link ext-link-type="DDBJ/EMBL/GenBank" xlink:href="At5g40540">At5g40540</ext-link>), AtRAF33 (<ext-link ext-link-type="DDBJ/EMBL/GenBank" xlink:href="At5g50000">At5g50000</ext-link>), AtRAF34 (<ext-link ext-link-type="DDBJ/EMBL/GenBank" xlink:href="At5g50180">At5g50180</ext-link>), AtRAF35 (<ext-link ext-link-type="DDBJ/EMBL/GenBank" xlink:href="At5g57610">At5g57610</ext-link>), AtRAF36 (<ext-link ext-link-type="DDBJ/EMBL/GenBank" xlink:href="At5g58950">At5g58950</ext-link>), AtRAF37 (<ext-link ext-link-type="DDBJ/EMBL/GenBank" xlink:href="At5g66710">At5g66710</ext-link>), AtRAF38 (<ext-link ext-link-type="DDBJ/EMBL/GenBank" xlink:href="At3g01490">At3g01490</ext-link>), AtRAF39 (<ext-link ext-link-type="DDBJ/EMBL/GenBank" xlink:href="At3g22750">At3g22750</ext-link>), AtRAF40 (<ext-link ext-link-type="DDBJ/EMBL/GenBank" xlink:href="At3g24720">At3g24720</ext-link>), AtRAF41 (<ext-link ext-link-type="DDBJ/EMBL/GenBank" xlink:href="At3g27560">At3g27560</ext-link>), AtRAF42 (<ext-link ext-link-type="DDBJ/EMBL/GenBank" xlink:href="At3g46920">At3g46920</ext-link>), AtRAF43 (<ext-link ext-link-type="DDBJ/EMBL/GenBank" xlink:href="At3g46930">At3g46930</ext-link>), AtRAF44 (<ext-link ext-link-type="DDBJ/EMBL/GenBank" xlink:href="At3g50720">At3g50720</ext-link>), AtRAF45 (<ext-link ext-link-type="DDBJ/EMBL/GenBank" xlink:href="At3g50730">At3g50730</ext-link>), AtRAF46 (<ext-link ext-link-type="DDBJ/EMBL/GenBank" xlink:href="At3g59830">At3g59830</ext-link>), AtRAF47 (<ext-link ext-link-type="DDBJ/EMBL/GenBank" xlink:href="At3g58760">At3g58760</ext-link>), AtRAF48 (<ext-link ext-link-type="DDBJ/EMBL/GenBank" xlink:href="At3g63260">At3g63260</ext-link>), AtZIK1 (<ext-link ext-link-type="DDBJ/EMBL/GenBank" xlink:href="At3g51630">At3g51630</ext-link>), AtZIK2 (<ext-link ext-link-type="DDBJ/EMBL/GenBank" xlink:href="At5g58350">At5g58350</ext-link>), AtZIK3 (<ext-link ext-link-type="DDBJ/EMBL/GenBank" xlink:href="At3g22420">At3g22420</ext-link>), AtZIK4 (<ext-link ext-link-type="DDBJ/EMBL/GenBank" xlink:href="At3g04910">At3g04910</ext-link>), AtZIK5 (<ext-link ext-link-type="DDBJ/EMBL/GenBank" xlink:href="At3g18750">At3g18750</ext-link>), AtZIK6 (<ext-link ext-link-type="DDBJ/EMBL/GenBank" xlink:href="At5g41990">At5g41990</ext-link>), AtZIK7 (<ext-link ext-link-type="DDBJ/EMBL/GenBank" xlink:href="At1g49160">At1g49160</ext-link>), AtZIK8 (<ext-link ext-link-type="DDBJ/EMBL/GenBank" xlink:href="At5g55560">At5g55560</ext-link>), AtZIK9 (<ext-link ext-link-type="DDBJ/EMBL/GenBank" xlink:href="At5g28080">At5g28080</ext-link>), AtZIK10 (<ext-link ext-link-type="DDBJ/EMBL/GenBank" xlink:href="At1g64630">At1g64630</ext-link>), AtZIK11 (<ext-link ext-link-type="DDBJ/EMBL/GenBank" xlink:href="At3g48260">At3g48260</ext-link>).</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="fpls-06-00556-g0004"></graphic></fig><p>The first group contains MAPKKKs whose kinase domains have similarity to MEKK subfamily members (Figure <xref ref-type="fig" rid="F4">4</xref>) (Jonak et al., <xref rid="B32" ref-type="bibr">2002</xref>). A second group includes Raf subfamily members while a third group presents ZIK subfamily members (Figure <xref ref-type="fig" rid="F4">4</xref>) (Jonak et al., <xref rid="B32" ref-type="bibr">2002</xref>). In total, there are 21 VviMAPKKKs in the MEKK subfamily, while there are 12 in the ZIK subfamily and 29 in the Raf subfamily among the 62 members in the <italic>Vitis</italic> genome.</p><p>Analysis of conserved domain of VviMAPKKKs identified a long regulatory domain in the N-terminal region and a kinase domain in the C-terminal region in most of VviMAPKKKs. It is suggested that the long regulatory domain in the N-terminal region of the Raf subfamily may be involved in protein-protein interactions and regulate or specify their kinase activity (Jouannic et al., <xref rid="B34" ref-type="bibr">1999</xref>). Twenty members of the <italic>Vitis</italic> MAPKKK subfamily share 75.1–89.2% similarity with their orthologs from different plant species (Table <xref ref-type="table" rid="T2">2</xref>).</p><p>We identified at least 640 ESTs for 59 of the <italic>Vitis</italic> MAPKKKs (Supplementary Table <xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="SM3">3</xref>) indicating that MAPKKK subfamily is transcriptionally active. Expression profile of <italic>VviMAPKKK</italic> genes suggested that some of them are involved in response to biotic and abiotic stresses in different tissues and organs (Wang et al., <xref rid="B86" ref-type="bibr">2014b</xref>). In support of a role for some <italic>Vitis</italic> MAPKKKs, <italic>AtMEKK1</italic> expression is enhanced by drought, salt, stress (Mizoguchi et al., <xref rid="B58" ref-type="bibr">1996</xref>). Recently, it was reported that AtMKK1/MKK2 and AtMEKK1 were able to negatively regulate programmed cell death (PCD) as well as immune responses (Kong et al., <xref rid="B40" ref-type="bibr">2012</xref>). In tobacco, NPK1-MEK1-Ntf6 are also involved in resistance to tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) (Jin et al., <xref rid="B31" ref-type="bibr">2002</xref>; Liu et al., <xref rid="B48" ref-type="bibr">2004</xref>). In addition, AtEDR1, a Raf-like MAPKKK could regulate SA-inducible defense responses negatively (Frye et al., <xref rid="B18" ref-type="bibr">2001</xref>).</p></sec><sec><title>MAPKKKKs</title><p>In non-plants, MAPKKKs are activated either through phosphorylation by MAPKKK kinase (MAPKKKK or MAP4K) (Posas and Saito, <xref rid="B69" ref-type="bibr">1997</xref>; Sells et al., <xref rid="B77" ref-type="bibr">1997</xref>) or by G protein and G protein-coupled receptors (Fanger et al., <xref rid="B15" ref-type="bibr">1997</xref>; Sugden and Clerk, <xref rid="B80" ref-type="bibr">1997</xref>).</p><p>Several MAP4Ks have been identified in plant genomes based on phylogenetic analyses of their kinase domain. A MAP4K, named MIK, was characterized from the <italic>Zea mays</italic> (Wang et al., <xref rid="B88" ref-type="bibr">2014d</xref>). Recently, a new MAP4K from GCK-II subfamily named ScMAP4K1, which play important roles in ovule, seed, and fruit development was characterized (Major et al., <xref rid="B52" ref-type="bibr">2009</xref>).</p><p>In fully sequenced genomes, like <italic>Arabidopsis</italic> and rice at least 10 protein kinases can be phylogenetically classified as MAP4K (Champion et al., <xref rid="B8" ref-type="bibr">2004</xref>). Little is known about the roles of MAP4Ks in plants. Seven ORFs showing strong similarity with the 10 <italic>Arabidopsis</italic> MAP4Ks were identified in <italic>Vitis</italic> genome (Figure <xref ref-type="fig" rid="F5">5</xref>) and shared 18–74% similarity with each other. They have been named VvMAP4K1 through 7 (Table <xref ref-type="table" rid="T1">1</xref>). The phylogenetic analysis of <italic>V. vinifera</italic> and <italic>A. thaliana</italic> MAP4Ks proteins identified several orthologs in the two species such as VvMAP4K4/AtMAP4K8 (70% similarity), VvMAP4K1/AtMAP4K3 (66% similarity), VvMAP4K7/AtMAP4K4 (68% similarity), and VvMAP4K6/AtMAP4K10 (64% similarity) (Figure <xref ref-type="fig" rid="F5">5</xref>).</p><fig id="F5" position="float"><label>Figure 5</label><caption><p><bold>Phylogenetic tree of MAPKKKK protein sequences from <italic>Arabidopsis</italic> and <italic>Vitis vinifera</italic></bold>. The amino acid sequences of all <italic>Arabidopsis</italic> MAPKKKK proteins and those of <italic>Vitis vinifera</italic> were aligned using the MUSCLE program and subjected to phylogenetic analysis by the distance with neighborjoining method using MEGA5 programme. Accession numbers for Arabidopsis sequences are AtMAP4K1 (<ext-link ext-link-type="DDBJ/EMBL/GenBank" xlink:href="At1g53165">At1g53165</ext-link>), AtMAP4K2 (<ext-link ext-link-type="DDBJ/EMBL/GenBank" xlink:href="At3g15220">At3g15220</ext-link>), AtMAP4K3 (<ext-link ext-link-type="DDBJ/EMBL/GenBank" xlink:href="At1g69220">At1g69220</ext-link>), AtMAP4K4 (<ext-link ext-link-type="DDBJ/EMBL/GenBank" xlink:href="At5g14720">At5g14720</ext-link>), AtMAP4K5 (<ext-link ext-link-type="DDBJ/EMBL/GenBank" xlink:href="At4g24100">At4g24100</ext-link>), AtMAP4K6 (<ext-link ext-link-type="DDBJ/EMBL/GenBank" xlink:href="At4g10730">At4g10730</ext-link>), AtMAP4K7 (<ext-link ext-link-type="DDBJ/EMBL/GenBank" xlink:href="At1g70430">At1g70430</ext-link>), AtMAP4K8 (<ext-link ext-link-type="DDBJ/EMBL/GenBank" xlink:href="At1g79640">At1g79640</ext-link>), AtMAP4K9 (<ext-link ext-link-type="DDBJ/EMBL/GenBank" xlink:href="At1g23700">At1g23700</ext-link>), AtMAP4K10 (<ext-link ext-link-type="DDBJ/EMBL/GenBank" xlink:href="At4g14480">At4g14480</ext-link>).</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="fpls-06-00556-g0005"></graphic></fig><p>In addition, we identified several orthologs from different species for 3 VvMAP4Ks (Table <xref ref-type="table" rid="T2">2</xref>). Among 7 ORFs encoding <italic>Vitis</italic> MAP4Ks, all of them are transcriptionally active (Supplementary Table <xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="SM4">4</xref>), but none of them has been cloned and characterized.</p></sec></sec><sec sec-type="conclusions" id="s4"><title>Conclusions</title><p>This report represents the first complete genome-wide analysis of MAPK cascade proteins in grapevine. The identification of <italic>Vitis</italic> MAPK cascade proteins and their comparative analysis with the <italic>Arabidopsis</italic> MAPK cascade proteins indicates that MAPK cascade genes have been conserved during evolution. In this report, we annotated 90 ORFs encoding MAPK cascade proteins in <italic>V. vinifera</italic> using a bioinformatics approach. Taken as a whole, our data provide significant insights into future biological and physiological analysis of MAPK cascades from <italic>V. vinifera</italic>.</p></sec><sec id="s5"><title>Author contributions</title><p>BÇ conceived and designed all research. OK performed the bioinformatic analyses. BÇ analyzed data and wrote the article.</p><sec><title>Conflict of interest statement</title><p>The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.</p></sec></sec></body><back><ack><p>This work was funded by the Department of Horticulture, Ege University, Turkey.</p></ack><sec sec-type="supplementary-material" id="s6"><title>Supplementary material</title><p>The Supplementary Material for this article can be found online at: <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fpls.2015.00556">http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fpls.2015.00556</ext-link></p><supplementary-material content-type="local-data" id="SM1"><media xlink:href="Table1.DOC"><caption><p>Click here for additional data file.</p></caption></media></supplementary-material><supplementary-material content-type="local-data" id="SM2"><media xlink:href="Table2.DOC"><caption><p>Click here for additional data file.</p></caption></media></supplementary-material><supplementary-material content-type="local-data" id="SM3"><media xlink:href="Table3.DOC"><caption><p>Click here for additional data file.</p></caption></media></supplementary-material><supplementary-material content-type="local-data" id="SM4"><media xlink:href="Table4.DOC"><caption><p>Click here for additional data file.</p></caption></media></supplementary-material></sec><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="B1"><mixed-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Altschul</surname><given-names>S. 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