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<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Pomegranate peel attenuates hyperglycemic effects of alloxan-induced diabetic rats</title><author><name sortKey="Middha, Sushil Kumar" sort="Middha, Sushil Kumar" uniqKey="Middha S" first="Sushil Kumar" last="Middha">Sushil Kumar Middha</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1">Department of Biotechnology, Bhimtal Campus, Kumaun University, Nainital, India</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Usha, Talambedu" sort="Usha, Talambedu" uniqKey="Usha T" first="Talambedu" last="Usha">Talambedu Usha</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A2">Department of Biochemistry, Maharani Lakshmi Ammanni College For Women, Malleswaram, Bangalore, India</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pande, Veena" sort="Pande, Veena" uniqKey="Pande V" first="Veena" last="Pande">Veena Pande</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1">Department of Biotechnology, Bhimtal Campus, Kumaun University, Nainital, India</nlm:aff></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno><idno type="pmid">26417256</idno><idno type="pmc">4464388</idno><idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4464388</idno><idno type="RBID">PMC:4464388</idno><date when="2014">2014</date><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">000007</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Pomegranate peel attenuates hyperglycemic effects of alloxan-induced diabetic rats</title><author><name sortKey="Middha, Sushil Kumar" sort="Middha, Sushil Kumar" uniqKey="Middha S" first="Sushil Kumar" last="Middha">Sushil Kumar Middha</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1">Department of Biotechnology, Bhimtal Campus, Kumaun University, Nainital, India</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Usha, Talambedu" sort="Usha, Talambedu" uniqKey="Usha T" first="Talambedu" last="Usha">Talambedu Usha</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A2">Department of Biochemistry, Maharani Lakshmi Ammanni College For Women, Malleswaram, Bangalore, India</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pande, Veena" sort="Pande, Veena" uniqKey="Pande V" first="Veena" last="Pande">Veena Pande</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1">Department of Biotechnology, Bhimtal Campus, Kumaun University, Nainital, India</nlm:aff></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">EXCLI Journal</title><idno type="eISSN">1611-2156</idno><imprint><date when="2014">2014</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><back><div1 type="bibliography"><listBibl><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Allgot, B" uniqKey="Allgot B">B Allgot</name></author><author><name sortKey="Gan, D" uniqKey="Gan D">D Gan</name></author><author><name sortKey="King, H" uniqKey="King H">H King</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lefebvre, P" uniqKey="Lefebvre P">P Lefèbvre</name></author><author><name sortKey="Mbanya, J C" uniqKey="Mbanya J">J-C Mbanya</name></author><author><name sortKey="Silink, M" uniqKey="Silink M">M Silink</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Hajimahmoodi, M" uniqKey="Hajimahmoodi M">M Hajimahmoodi</name></author><author><name sortKey="Oveisi, Mr" uniqKey="Oveisi M">MR Oveisi</name></author><author><name sortKey="Sadeghi, N" uniqKey="Sadeghi N">N Sadeghi</name></author><author><name sortKey="Jannat, B" uniqKey="Jannat B">B Jannat</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hadjibabaie, M" uniqKey="Hadjibabaie M">M Hadjibabaie</name></author><author><name sortKey="Farahani, E" uniqKey="Farahani E">E Farahani</name></author><author><name sortKey="Akrami, Mr" uniqKey="Akrami M">MR Akrami</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Jurenka, Js" uniqKey="Jurenka J">JS Jurenka</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Kiran, B" uniqKey="Kiran B">B Kiran</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lalitha, V" uniqKey="Lalitha V">V Lalitha</name></author><author><name sortKey="Raveesha, Ka" uniqKey="Raveesha K">KA Raveesha</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Middha, Sk" uniqKey="Middha S">SK Middha</name></author><author><name sortKey="Bhattacharjee, B" uniqKey="Bhattacharjee B">B Bhattacharjee</name></author><author><name sortKey="Saini, D" uniqKey="Saini D">D Saini</name></author><author><name sortKey="Baliga, Ms" uniqKey="Baliga M">MS Baliga</name></author><author><name sortKey="Nagaveni, Mb" uniqKey="Nagaveni M">MB Nagaveni</name></author><author><name sortKey="Usha, T" uniqKey="Usha T">T Usha</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Middha, Sk" uniqKey="Middha S">SK Middha</name></author><author><name sortKey="Usha, T" uniqKey="Usha T">T Usha</name></author><author><name sortKey="Pande, V" uniqKey="Pande V">V Pande</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Middha, Sk" uniqKey="Middha S">SK Middha</name></author><author><name sortKey="Usha, T" uniqKey="Usha T">T Usha</name></author><author><name sortKey="Pande, V" uniqKey="Pande V">V Pande</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Middha, Sk" uniqKey="Middha S">SK Middha</name></author><author><name sortKey="Usha, T" uniqKey="Usha T">T Usha</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ravikiran, T" uniqKey="Ravikiran T">T RaviKiran</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Parmar, Hs" uniqKey="Parmar H">HS Parmar</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kar, A" uniqKey="Kar A">A Kar</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Usha, T" uniqKey="Usha T">T Usha</name></author><author><name sortKey="Akshya, L" uniqKey="Akshya L">L Akshya</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kundu, S" uniqKey="Kundu S">S Kundu</name></author><author><name sortKey="Nair, Rk" uniqKey="Nair R">RK Nair</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hussain, I" uniqKey="Hussain I">I Hussain</name></author><author><name sortKey="Middha, Sk" uniqKey="Middha S">SK Middha</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct></listBibl></div1></back></TEI><pmc article-type="letter"><pmc-dir>properties open_access</pmc-dir>
<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">EXCLI J</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">EXCLI J</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">EXCLI J</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title>EXCLI Journal</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">1611-2156</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">26417256</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="pmc">4464388</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">2013-578</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">Doc223</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Letter to the Editor</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Pomegranate peel attenuates hyperglycemic effects of alloxan-induced diabetic rats</article-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Middha</surname><given-names>Sushil Kumar</given-names></name><xref ref-type="corresp" rid="COR1">*</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">1</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Usha</surname><given-names>Talambedu</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A2">2</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Pande</surname><given-names>Veena</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">1</xref></contrib></contrib-group><aff id="A1"><label>1</label>Department of Biotechnology, Bhimtal Campus, Kumaun University, Nainital, India</aff><aff id="A2"><label>2</label>Department of Biochemistry, Maharani Lakshmi Ammanni College For Women, Malleswaram, Bangalore, India</aff><author-notes><corresp id="COR1">*To whom correspondence should be addressed: Sushil Kumar Middha, Kumaun University, Bhimtal Campus, Nainital, Uttrakhand-263136, India, Phone: (+91)(01594)2248042, Fax: (+91)(01594)2248042, E-mail: <email>sushil.middha@gmail.com</email></corresp></author-notes><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>03</day><month>3</month><year>2014</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2014</year></pub-date><volume>13</volume><fpage>223</fpage><lpage>224</lpage><history><date date-type="received"><day>11</day><month>11</month><year>2013</year></date><date date-type="accepted"><day>07</day><month>2</month><year>2014</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright © 2014 Middha et al.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2014</copyright-year><license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="http://www.excli.de/documents/assignment_of_rights.pdf"><license-p>This is an Open Access article distributed under the following Assignment of Rights http://www.excli.de/documents/assignment_of_rights.pdf. You are free to copy, distribute and transmit the work, provided the original author and source are credited.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="http://www.excli.de/vol13/Pande_03032014_proof.pdf">This article is available from http://www.excli.de/vol13/Pande_03032014_proof.pdf</self-uri></article-meta></front><body><sec><title>Dear Editor,</title><p>Diabetes is a major epidemic chronic metabolic ailment worldwide (WHO, 2008[<xref rid="R11" ref-type="bibr">11</xref>]). It is characterized by insufficiency of insulin secretion and/or action, insulin resistance, and abnormal metabolism of glucose, lipid and protein (WHO, 2008[<xref rid="R11" ref-type="bibr">11</xref>]; Middha et al., 2011[<xref rid="R5" ref-type="bibr">5</xref>]). Today, diabetes has become a pandemic affecting approximately 5 % of people in both developed and developing countries. Globally, diabetes causes high mortality and is the second most common cause of death after cancer (Middha et al., 2012[<xref rid="R8" ref-type="bibr">8</xref>]). According to the diabetes atlas, in 2025 India, China and the United States would gain region-wise emphasis as top three coun-tries with people suffering from diabetes (Allgot et al., 2003[<xref rid="R1" ref-type="bibr">1</xref>]). In 2011, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) was detected in about 370 million people and accounted for approximately 4.6 million deaths annually, causing substantial medical and economic burden worldwide. </p><p>Diabetic research also comprises herbal medicines (Middha et al., 2013[<xref rid="R6" ref-type="bibr">6</xref>]; Usha et al., 2013[<xref rid="R10" ref-type="bibr">10</xref>]; Kiran et al., 2013[<xref rid="R4" ref-type="bibr">4</xref>]). Pomegranate (<italic>Punica granatum</italic>), a fruit of promise, is considered as holy fruit for its therapeutic purpose since antiquity and is used as an alternative medicine in Ayurveda and other traditional medicines worldwide (Jurenka, 2008[<xref rid="R3" ref-type="bibr">3</xref>]; Hajimahmoodi et al., 2008[<xref rid="R2" ref-type="bibr">2</xref>]; Middha et al., 2013[<xref rid="R7" ref-type="bibr">7</xref>]). The probable scientific validation of the herbal drug extracted from pomegranate peel from Kumauni region was evaluated in an alloxan-induced diabetes model. The effects of methanolic extract of pomegranate peel (PGPE) (two diverse oral doses: LP=75 mg/kg body weight and HP=150 mg/kg body weight) on fasting blood glucose (FBG), lipid peroxidation (malondialdehyde [MDA]), antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase [SOD] and glutathione peroxidase [GPx]) were tested and compared with standard drugs for 6 weeks. </p><p>Both doses of PGPE increased the plasma insulin levels by one and five folds and augmented the levels of the following antioxidants (P<0.05): SOD by 39.68 % and 75.03 %, GPx by 20.07 % and 67.60 % in plasma, SOD by 44 % and 66 %, GPx by 50 % and 80 % in kidney, respectively. Although PGPE did not decrease the plasma MDA level when compared to diabetic controls, a significant reduction in MDA levels was observed in the kidney (LP; 16.8 and HP; 52.08 %; P<0.001) (unpublished data). Histopathological studies validated our findings which were in accordance with that observed by Parmer and Kar (2008[<xref rid="R9" ref-type="bibr">9</xref>]). Increase in the level of insulin following administration of PGPE in experimental animals indicates the restoration of pancreatic ß-cells and demonstrates the anti-hyperglycemic and antioxidant properties of PGPE. </p></sec></body><back><ref-list><ref id="R1"><label>1</label><element-citation publication-type="book"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Allgot</surname><given-names>B</given-names></name><name><surname>Gan</surname><given-names>D</given-names></name><name><surname>King</surname><given-names>H</given-names></name><name><surname>Lefèbvre</surname><given-names>P</given-names></name><name><surname>Mbanya</surname><given-names>J-C</given-names></name><name><surname>Silink</surname><given-names>M</given-names></name><etal></etal></person-group><source>Diabetes atlas. 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