Characterization of Bioactive Compounds in Tunisian Bitter Orange (Citrus aurantium L.) Peel and Juice and Determination of Their Antioxidant Activities
Identifieur interne : 000B29 ( Pmc/Checkpoint ); précédent : 000B28; suivant : 000B30Characterization of Bioactive Compounds in Tunisian Bitter Orange (Citrus aurantium L.) Peel and Juice and Determination of Their Antioxidant Activities
Auteurs : Iness Jabri Karoui [Tunisie] ; Brahim Marzouk [Tunisie]Source :
- BioMed Research International [ 2314-6133 ] ; 2013.
Abstract
Url:
DOI: 10.1155/2013/345415
PubMed: 23841062
PubMed Central: 3697287
Affiliations:
Links toward previous steps (curation, corpus...)
Links to Exploration step
PMC:3697287Le document en format XML
<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Characterization of Bioactive Compounds in Tunisian Bitter Orange (<italic>Citrus aurantium</italic> L.) Peel and Juice and Determination of Their Antioxidant Activities</title><author><name sortKey="Jabri Karoui, Iness" sort="Jabri Karoui, Iness" uniqKey="Jabri Karoui I" first="Iness" last="Jabri Karoui">Iness Jabri Karoui</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I1">Laboratoire des Substances Bioactives, Centre de Biotechnologie à la Technopole de Borj-Cédria (CBBC), BP 901, 2050 Hammam-lif, Tunisia</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Tunisie</country><wicri:regionArea>Laboratoire des Substances Bioactives, Centre de Biotechnologie à la Technopole de Borj-Cédria (CBBC), BP 901, 2050 Hammam-lif</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>2050 Hammam-lif</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Marzouk, Brahim" sort="Marzouk, Brahim" uniqKey="Marzouk B" first="Brahim" last="Marzouk">Brahim Marzouk</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I1">Laboratoire des Substances Bioactives, Centre de Biotechnologie à la Technopole de Borj-Cédria (CBBC), BP 901, 2050 Hammam-lif, Tunisia</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Tunisie</country><wicri:regionArea>Laboratoire des Substances Bioactives, Centre de Biotechnologie à la Technopole de Borj-Cédria (CBBC), BP 901, 2050 Hammam-lif</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>2050 Hammam-lif</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno><idno type="pmid">23841062</idno><idno type="pmc">3697287</idno><idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3697287</idno><idno type="RBID">PMC:3697287</idno><idno type="doi">10.1155/2013/345415</idno><date when="2013">2013</date><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">000E46</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Curation">000E45</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Checkpoint">000B29</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Characterization of Bioactive Compounds in Tunisian Bitter Orange (<italic>Citrus aurantium</italic> L.) Peel and Juice and Determination of Their Antioxidant Activities</title><author><name sortKey="Jabri Karoui, Iness" sort="Jabri Karoui, Iness" uniqKey="Jabri Karoui I" first="Iness" last="Jabri Karoui">Iness Jabri Karoui</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I1">Laboratoire des Substances Bioactives, Centre de Biotechnologie à la Technopole de Borj-Cédria (CBBC), BP 901, 2050 Hammam-lif, Tunisia</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Tunisie</country><wicri:regionArea>Laboratoire des Substances Bioactives, Centre de Biotechnologie à la Technopole de Borj-Cédria (CBBC), BP 901, 2050 Hammam-lif</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>2050 Hammam-lif</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Marzouk, Brahim" sort="Marzouk, Brahim" uniqKey="Marzouk B" first="Brahim" last="Marzouk">Brahim Marzouk</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I1">Laboratoire des Substances Bioactives, Centre de Biotechnologie à la Technopole de Borj-Cédria (CBBC), BP 901, 2050 Hammam-lif, Tunisia</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Tunisie</country><wicri:regionArea>Laboratoire des Substances Bioactives, Centre de Biotechnologie à la Technopole de Borj-Cédria (CBBC), BP 901, 2050 Hammam-lif</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>2050 Hammam-lif</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">BioMed Research International</title><idno type="ISSN">2314-6133</idno><idno type="eISSN">2314-6141</idno><imprint><date when="2013">2013</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p><italic>Citrus aurantium</italic> peel and juice aroma compounds were investigated by gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), whereas phenolic compounds analysis was performed by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC). Limonene was the major volatile compound of bitter orange peel (90.25%) and juice (91.61%). HPLC analysis of bitter orange peel and juice methanolic extracts indicated that phenolic acids constitute their main phenolic class representing 73.80% and 71.25%, respectively, followed by flavonoids (23.02% and 23.13%, resp.). <italic>p</italic>-Coumaric and ferulic acids were the most abundant phenolic compounds representing 24.68% and 23.79%, respectively, in the peel, while the juice contained 18.02% and 19.04%, respectively. The antioxidant activities of bitter orange peel and juice methanolic extracts have been evaluated using four <italic> in vitro</italic> assays, and the results were compared with the standard antioxidants (BHT, BHA, and ascorbic acid). Our findings demonstrated that <italic>Citrus aurantium</italic> peel and juice possess antioxidant activities which were less effective than those of antioxidant standards. Both extracts may be suggested as a new potential source of natural antioxidant.</p></div></front><back><div1 type="bibliography"><listBibl><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Kumaran, A" uniqKey="Kumaran A">A Kumaran</name></author><author><name sortKey="Joel Karunakaran, R" uniqKey="Joel Karunakaran R">R Joel Karunakaran</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Wichi, Hp" uniqKey="Wichi H">HP Wichi</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Ramesh, Ck" uniqKey="Ramesh C">CK Ramesh</name></author><author><name sortKey="Raghu, Kl" uniqKey="Raghu K">KL Raghu</name></author><author><name sortKey="Jamuna, Ks" uniqKey="Jamuna K">KS Jamuna</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Bourgou, S" uniqKey="Bourgou S">S Bourgou</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ksouri, R" uniqKey="Ksouri R">R Ksouri</name></author><author><name sortKey="Bellila, A" uniqKey="Bellila A">A Bellila</name></author><author><name sortKey="Skandrani, I" uniqKey="Skandrani I">I Skandrani</name></author><author><name sortKey="Falleh, H" uniqKey="Falleh H">H Falleh</name></author><author><name sortKey="Marzouk, B" uniqKey="Marzouk B">B Marzouk</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Jabri Karoui, I" uniqKey="Jabri Karoui I">I Jabri-Karoui</name></author><author><name sortKey="Bettaieb, I" uniqKey="Bettaieb I">I Bettaieb</name></author><author><name sortKey="Msaada, K" uniqKey="Msaada K">K Msaada</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hammami, M" uniqKey="Hammami M">M Hammami</name></author><author><name sortKey="Marzouk, B" uniqKey="Marzouk B">B Marzouk</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Marin, Fr" uniqKey="Marin F">FR Marín</name></author><author><name sortKey="Soler Rivas, C" uniqKey="Soler Rivas C">C Soler-Rivas</name></author><author><name sortKey="Benavente Garcia, O" uniqKey="Benavente Garcia O">O Benavente-García</name></author><author><name sortKey="Castillo, J" uniqKey="Castillo J">J Castillo</name></author><author><name sortKey="Perez Alvarez, Ja" uniqKey="Perez Alvarez J">JA Pérez-Alvarez</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Fisher, K" uniqKey="Fisher K">K Fisher</name></author><author><name sortKey="Phillips, C" uniqKey="Phillips C">C Phillips</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Steuer, B" uniqKey="Steuer B">B Steuer</name></author><author><name sortKey="Schulz, H" uniqKey="Schulz H">H Schulz</name></author><author><name sortKey="L Ger, E" uniqKey="L Ger E">E Läger</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Nguyen, H" uniqKey="Nguyen H">H Nguyen</name></author><author><name sortKey="Campi, Em" uniqKey="Campi E">EM Campi</name></author><author><name sortKey="Roy Jackson, W" uniqKey="Roy Jackson W">W Roy Jackson</name></author><author><name sortKey="Patti, Af" uniqKey="Patti A">AF Patti</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Karoui, Ij" uniqKey="Karoui I">IJ Karoui</name></author><author><name sortKey="Wannes, Wa" uniqKey="Wannes W">WA Wannes</name></author><author><name sortKey="Marzouk, B" uniqKey="Marzouk B">B Marzouk</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Ersus, S" uniqKey="Ersus S">S Ersus</name></author><author><name sortKey="Cam, M" uniqKey="Cam M">M Cam</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Joshipura, Kj" uniqKey="Joshipura K">KJ Joshipura</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hu, Fb" uniqKey="Hu F">FB Hu</name></author><author><name sortKey="Manson, Je" uniqKey="Manson J">JE Manson</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Knekt, P" uniqKey="Knekt P">P Knekt</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kumpulainen, J" uniqKey="Kumpulainen J">J Kumpulainen</name></author><author><name sortKey="J Rvinen, R" uniqKey="J Rvinen R">R Järvinen</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Middleton, Ej" uniqKey="Middleton E">EJ Middleton</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kandaswami, C" uniqKey="Kandaswami C">C Kandaswami</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Ross, Sa" uniqKey="Ross S">SA Ross</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ziska, Ds" uniqKey="Ziska D">DS Ziska</name></author><author><name sortKey="Zhao, K" uniqKey="Zhao K">K Zhao</name></author><author><name sortKey="Elsohly, Ma" uniqKey="Elsohly M">MA Elsohly</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Craig, Wj" uniqKey="Craig W">WJ Craig</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Chapot, H" uniqKey="Chapot H">H Chapot</name></author><author><name sortKey="Praloran, Jc" uniqKey="Praloran J">JC Praloran</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="T Nder, D" uniqKey="T Nder D">D Tønder</name></author><author><name sortKey="Petersen, Ma" uniqKey="Petersen M">MA Petersen</name></author><author><name sortKey="Poll, L" uniqKey="Poll L">L Poll</name></author><author><name sortKey="Olsen, Ce" uniqKey="Olsen C">CE Olsen</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Adams, Rp" uniqKey="Adams R">RP Adams</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Ghasemi, K" uniqKey="Ghasemi K">K Ghasemi</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ghasemi, Y" uniqKey="Ghasemi Y">Y Ghasemi</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ebrahimzadeh, Ma" uniqKey="Ebrahimzadeh M">MA Ebrahimzadeh</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Mau, J L" uniqKey="Mau J">J-L Mau</name></author><author><name sortKey="Chao, G R" uniqKey="Chao G">G-R Chao</name></author><author><name sortKey="Wu, K T" uniqKey="Wu K">K-T Wu</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Xu, G" uniqKey="Xu G">G Xu</name></author><author><name sortKey="Liu, D" uniqKey="Liu D">D Liu</name></author><author><name sortKey="Chen, J" uniqKey="Chen J">J Chen</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ye, X" uniqKey="Ye X">X Ye</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ma, Y" uniqKey="Ma Y">Y Ma</name></author><author><name sortKey="Shi, J" uniqKey="Shi J">J Shi</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Bourgou, S" uniqKey="Bourgou S">S Bourgou</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ksouri, R" uniqKey="Ksouri R">R Ksouri</name></author><author><name sortKey="Bellila, A" uniqKey="Bellila A">A Bellila</name></author><author><name sortKey="Skandrani, I" uniqKey="Skandrani I">I Skandrani</name></author><author><name sortKey="Falleh, H" uniqKey="Falleh H">H Falleh</name></author><author><name sortKey="Marzouk, B" uniqKey="Marzouk B">B Marzouk</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Prieto, P" uniqKey="Prieto P">P Prieto</name></author><author><name sortKey="Pineda, M" uniqKey="Pineda M">M Pineda</name></author><author><name sortKey="Aguilar, M" uniqKey="Aguilar M">M Aguilar</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Hatano, T" uniqKey="Hatano T">T Hatano</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kagawa, H" uniqKey="Kagawa H">H Kagawa</name></author><author><name sortKey="Yasuhara, T" uniqKey="Yasuhara T">T Yasuhara</name></author><author><name sortKey="Okuda, T" uniqKey="Okuda T">T Okuda</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Zou, Y" uniqKey="Zou Y">Y Zou</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lu, Y" uniqKey="Lu Y">Y Lu</name></author><author><name sortKey="Wei, D" uniqKey="Wei D">D Wei</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Oyaizu, M" uniqKey="Oyaizu M">M Oyaizu</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Koleva, Ii" uniqKey="Koleva I">II Koleva</name></author><author><name sortKey="Van Beek, Ta" uniqKey="Van Beek T">TA Van Beek</name></author><author><name sortKey="Linssen, Jph" uniqKey="Linssen J">JPH Linssen</name></author><author><name sortKey="De Groot, A" uniqKey="De Groot A">A De Groot</name></author><author><name sortKey="Evstatieva, Ln" uniqKey="Evstatieva L">LN Evstatieva</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Moufida, S" uniqKey="Moufida S">S Moufida</name></author><author><name sortKey="Marzouk, B" uniqKey="Marzouk B">B Marzouk</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Tounsi, Ms" uniqKey="Tounsi M">MS Tounsi</name></author><author><name sortKey="Wannes, Wa" uniqKey="Wannes W">WA Wannes</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ouerghemmi, I" uniqKey="Ouerghemmi I">I Ouerghemmi</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Hosni, K" uniqKey="Hosni K">K Hosni</name></author><author><name sortKey="Zahed, N" uniqKey="Zahed N">N Zahed</name></author><author><name sortKey="Chrif, R" uniqKey="Chrif R">R Chrif</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Boussaada, O" uniqKey="Boussaada O">O Boussaada</name></author><author><name sortKey="Chemli, R" uniqKey="Chemli R">R Chemli</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Caccioni, Drl" uniqKey="Caccioni D">DRL Caccioni</name></author><author><name sortKey="Guizzardi, M" uniqKey="Guizzardi M">M Guizzardi</name></author><author><name sortKey="Biondi, Dm" uniqKey="Biondi D">DM Biondi</name></author><author><name sortKey="Renda, A" uniqKey="Renda A">A Renda</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ruberto, G" uniqKey="Ruberto G">G Ruberto</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Moraes, Tm" uniqKey="Moraes T">TM Moraes</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kushima, H" uniqKey="Kushima H">H Kushima</name></author><author><name sortKey="Moleiro, Fc" uniqKey="Moleiro F">FC Moleiro</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Dugo, G" uniqKey="Dugo G">G Dugo</name></author><author><name sortKey="Verzera, A" uniqKey="Verzera A">A Verzera</name></author><author><name sortKey="Stagno D Lcontres, I" uniqKey="Stagno D Lcontres I">I Stagno D’Alcontres</name></author><author><name sortKey="Cotroneo, A" uniqKey="Cotroneo A">A Cotroneo</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ficarra, R" uniqKey="Ficarra R">R Ficarra</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Mouly, Pp" uniqKey="Mouly P">PP Mouly</name></author><author><name sortKey="Arzouyan, Cr" uniqKey="Arzouyan C">CR Arzouyan</name></author><author><name sortKey="Gaydou, Em" uniqKey="Gaydou E">EM Gaydou</name></author><author><name sortKey="Estienne, Jm" uniqKey="Estienne J">JM Estienne</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Sun, J" uniqKey="Sun J">J Sun</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Baik, Js" uniqKey="Baik J">JS Baik</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kim, S S" uniqKey="Kim S">S-S Kim</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lee, J A" uniqKey="Lee J">J-A Lee</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Agra, Mf" uniqKey="Agra M">MF Agra</name></author><author><name sortKey="Silva, Kn" uniqKey="Silva K">KN Silva</name></author><author><name sortKey="Basilio D, Ijl" uniqKey="Basilio D I">IJL Basílio D</name></author><author><name sortKey="Franca, Pf" uniqKey="Franca P">PF França</name></author><author><name sortKey="Barbosa Filho, Jm" uniqKey="Barbosa Filho J">JM Barbosa-Filho</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Carvalho Freitas, Mir" uniqKey="Carvalho Freitas M">MIR Carvalho-Freitas</name></author><author><name sortKey="Costa, M" uniqKey="Costa M">M Costa</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Bocco, A" uniqKey="Bocco A">A Bocco</name></author><author><name sortKey="Cuvelier, M E" uniqKey="Cuvelier M">M-E Cuvelier</name></author><author><name sortKey="Richard, H" uniqKey="Richard H">H Richard</name></author><author><name sortKey="Berset, C" uniqKey="Berset C">C Berset</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Robbins, Rj" uniqKey="Robbins R">RJ Robbins</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Gorinstein, S" uniqKey="Gorinstein S">S Gorinstein</name></author><author><name sortKey="Martin Belloso, O" uniqKey="Martin Belloso O">O Martín-Belloso</name></author><author><name sortKey="Park, Y S" uniqKey="Park Y">Y-S Park</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Alexandra, B" uniqKey="Alexandra B">B Alexandra</name></author><author><name sortKey="Marie Elisabeth, C" uniqKey="Marie Elisabeth C">C Marie Elisabeth</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hubert, R" uniqKey="Hubert R">R Hubert</name></author><author><name sortKey="Clendette, B" uniqKey="Clendette B">B Clendette</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Anagnostopoulou, Ma" uniqKey="Anagnostopoulou M">MA Anagnostopoulou</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kefalas, P" uniqKey="Kefalas P">P Kefalas</name></author><author><name sortKey="Papageorgiou, Vp" uniqKey="Papageorgiou V">VP Papageorgiou</name></author><author><name sortKey="Assimopoulou, An" uniqKey="Assimopoulou A">AN Assimopoulou</name></author><author><name sortKey="Boskou, D" uniqKey="Boskou D">D Boskou</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Abeysinghe, Dc" uniqKey="Abeysinghe D">DC Abeysinghe</name></author><author><name sortKey="Li, X" uniqKey="Li X">X Li</name></author><author><name sortKey="Sun, C" uniqKey="Sun C">C Sun</name></author><author><name sortKey="Zhang, W" uniqKey="Zhang W">W Zhang</name></author><author><name sortKey="Zhou, C" uniqKey="Zhou C">C Zhou</name></author><author><name sortKey="Chen, K" uniqKey="Chen K">K Chen</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Caro, Ad" uniqKey="Caro A">AD Caro</name></author><author><name sortKey="Piga, A" uniqKey="Piga A">A Piga</name></author><author><name sortKey="Vacca, V" uniqKey="Vacca V">V Vacca</name></author><author><name sortKey="Agabbio, M" uniqKey="Agabbio M">M Agabbio</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Gorinstein, S" uniqKey="Gorinstein S">S Gorinstein</name></author><author><name sortKey="Haruenkit, R" uniqKey="Haruenkit R">R Haruenkit</name></author><author><name sortKey="Park, Y S" uniqKey="Park Y">Y-S Park</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Kanaze, Fi" uniqKey="Kanaze F">FI Kanaze</name></author><author><name sortKey="Gabrieli, C" uniqKey="Gabrieli C">C Gabrieli</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kokkalou, E" uniqKey="Kokkalou E">E Kokkalou</name></author><author><name sortKey="Georgarakis, M" uniqKey="Georgarakis M">M Georgarakis</name></author><author><name sortKey="Niopas, I" uniqKey="Niopas I">I Niopas</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Nogata, Y" uniqKey="Nogata Y">Y Nogata</name></author><author><name sortKey="Sakamoto, K" uniqKey="Sakamoto K">K Sakamoto</name></author><author><name sortKey="Shiratsuchi, H" uniqKey="Shiratsuchi H">H Shiratsuchi</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ishii, T" uniqKey="Ishii T">T Ishii</name></author><author><name sortKey="Yano, M" uniqKey="Yano M">M Yano</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ohta, H" uniqKey="Ohta H">H Ohta</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Huet, R" uniqKey="Huet R">R Huet</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Benavente Garcia, O" uniqKey="Benavente Garcia O">O Benavente-Garcia</name></author><author><name sortKey="Castillo, J" uniqKey="Castillo J">J Castillo</name></author><author><name sortKey="Marin, Fr" uniqKey="Marin F">FR Marin</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ortuno, A" uniqKey="Ortuno A">A Ortuno</name></author><author><name sortKey="Del Rio, Ja" uniqKey="Del Rio J">JA Del Rio</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Espin, Jc" uniqKey="Espin J">JC Espin</name></author><author><name sortKey="Garcia Conesa, Mt" uniqKey="Garcia Conesa M">MT Garcia-Conesa</name></author><author><name sortKey="Tomas Barberan, Fa" uniqKey="Tomas Barberan F">FA Tomas-Barberan</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Middleton, E" uniqKey="Middleton E">E Middleton</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kandaswami, C" uniqKey="Kandaswami C">C Kandaswami</name></author><author><name sortKey="Theoharides, Tc" uniqKey="Theoharides T">TC Theoharides</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Bendini, A" uniqKey="Bendini A">A Bendini</name></author><author><name sortKey="Cerretani, L" uniqKey="Cerretani L">L Cerretani</name></author><author><name sortKey="Carrasco Pancorbo, A" uniqKey="Carrasco Pancorbo A">A Carrasco-Pancorbo</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Zang, L Y" uniqKey="Zang L">L-Y Zang</name></author><author><name sortKey="Cosma, G" uniqKey="Cosma G">G Cosma</name></author><author><name sortKey="Gardner, H" uniqKey="Gardner H">H Gardner</name></author><author><name sortKey="Shi, X" uniqKey="Shi X">X Shi</name></author><author><name sortKey="Castranova, V" uniqKey="Castranova V">V Castranova</name></author><author><name sortKey="Vallyathan, V" uniqKey="Vallyathan V">V Vallyathan</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Srinivasan, M" uniqKey="Srinivasan M">M Srinivasan</name></author><author><name sortKey="Sudheer, Ar" uniqKey="Sudheer A">AR Sudheer</name></author><author><name sortKey="Menon, Vp" uniqKey="Menon V">VP Menon</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Huang, D" uniqKey="Huang D">D Huang</name></author><author><name sortKey="Boxin, Ou" uniqKey="Boxin O">OU Boxin</name></author><author><name sortKey="Prior, Rl" uniqKey="Prior R">RL Prior</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Hayouni, Ea" uniqKey="Hayouni E">EA Hayouni</name></author><author><name sortKey="Abedrabba, M" uniqKey="Abedrabba M">M Abedrabba</name></author><author><name sortKey="Bouix, M" uniqKey="Bouix M">M Bouix</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hamdi, M" uniqKey="Hamdi M">M Hamdi</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Mao, L C" uniqKey="Mao L">L-C Mao</name></author><author><name sortKey="Pan, X" uniqKey="Pan X">X Pan</name></author><author><name sortKey="Que, F" uniqKey="Que F">F Que</name></author><author><name sortKey="Fang, X H" uniqKey="Fang X">X-H Fang</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Osawa, T" uniqKey="Osawa T">T Osawa</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Patil, Jr" uniqKey="Patil J">JR Patil</name></author><author><name sortKey="Chidambara Murthy, Kn" uniqKey="Chidambara Murthy K">KN Chidambara Murthy</name></author><author><name sortKey="Jayaprakasha, Gk" uniqKey="Jayaprakasha G">GK Jayaprakasha</name></author><author><name sortKey="Chetti, Mb" uniqKey="Chetti M">MB Chetti</name></author><author><name sortKey="Patil, Bs" uniqKey="Patil B">BS Patil</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Wang, A Y" uniqKey="Wang A">A-Y Wang</name></author><author><name sortKey="Zhou, M Y" uniqKey="Zhou M">M-Y Zhou</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lin, W C" uniqKey="Lin W">W-C Lin</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Cano, A" uniqKey="Cano A">A Cano</name></author><author><name sortKey="Medina, A" uniqKey="Medina A">A Medina</name></author><author><name sortKey="Bermejo, A" uniqKey="Bermejo A">A Bermejo</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Dhuique Mayer, C" uniqKey="Dhuique Mayer C">C Dhuique-Mayer</name></author><author><name sortKey="Caris Veyrat, C" uniqKey="Caris Veyrat C">C Caris-Veyrat</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ollitrault, P" uniqKey="Ollitrault P">P Ollitrault</name></author><author><name sortKey="Curk, F" uniqKey="Curk F">F Curk</name></author><author><name sortKey="Amiot, M J" uniqKey="Amiot M">M-J Amiot</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Samman, S" uniqKey="Samman S">S Samman</name></author><author><name sortKey="Wall, Pml" uniqKey="Wall P">PML Wall</name></author><author><name sortKey="Cook, Nc" uniqKey="Cook N">NC Cook</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Su, M S" uniqKey="Su M">M-S Su</name></author><author><name sortKey="Shyu, Y T" uniqKey="Shyu Y">Y-T Shyu</name></author><author><name sortKey="Chien, P J" uniqKey="Chien P">P-J Chien</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Singh, P" uniqKey="Singh P">P Singh</name></author><author><name sortKey="Shukla, R" uniqKey="Shukla R">R Shukla</name></author><author><name sortKey="Prakash, B" uniqKey="Prakash B">B Prakash</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Zia Ur Rehman, Z U" uniqKey="Zia Ur Rehman Z">Z-U Zia-ur-Rehman</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Lario, Y" uniqKey="Lario Y">Y Lario</name></author><author><name sortKey="Sendra, E" uniqKey="Sendra E">E Sendra</name></author><author><name sortKey="Garcia Perez, J" uniqKey="Garcia Perez J">J García-Pérez</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Jun, M" uniqKey="Jun M">M Jun</name></author><author><name sortKey="Tohru, U" uniqKey="Tohru U">U Tohru</name></author><author><name sortKey="Zhang, Lj" uniqKey="Zhang L">LJ Zhang</name></author><author><name sortKey="Takeshi, F" uniqKey="Takeshi F">F Takeshi</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Tumbas, Vt" uniqKey="Tumbas V">VT Tumbas</name></author><author><name sortKey=" Etkovi, Gs" uniqKey=" Etkovi G">GS Ćetković</name></author><author><name sortKey="Djilas, Sm" uniqKey="Djilas S">SM Djilas</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Muthiah, Pl" uniqKey="Muthiah P">PL Muthiah</name></author><author><name sortKey="Umamaheswari, M" uniqKey="Umamaheswari M">M Umamaheswari</name></author><author><name sortKey="Asokkumar, K" uniqKey="Asokkumar K">K Asokkumar</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Ami, D" uniqKey="Ami D">D Amić</name></author><author><name sortKey="Davidovi Amic, D" uniqKey="Davidovi Amic D">D Davidović-Amicć</name></author><author><name sortKey="Bexlo, D" uniqKey="Bexlo D">D Bexlo</name></author><author><name sortKey="Trinajsti, N" uniqKey="Trinajsti N">N Trinajstić</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Rangkadilok, N" uniqKey="Rangkadilok N">N Rangkadilok</name></author><author><name sortKey="Sitthimonchai, S" uniqKey="Sitthimonchai S">S Sitthimonchai</name></author><author><name sortKey="Worasuttayangkurn, L" uniqKey="Worasuttayangkurn L">L Worasuttayangkurn</name></author><author><name sortKey="Mahidol, C" uniqKey="Mahidol C">C Mahidol</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ruchirawat, M" uniqKey="Ruchirawat M">M Ruchirawat</name></author><author><name sortKey="Satayavivad, J" uniqKey="Satayavivad J">J Satayavivad</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Kumaran, A" uniqKey="Kumaran A">A Kumaran</name></author><author><name sortKey="Joel Karunakaran, R" uniqKey="Joel Karunakaran R">R Joel Karunakaran</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Kaur, C" uniqKey="Kaur C">C Kaur</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kapoor, Hc" uniqKey="Kapoor H">HC Kapoor</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Mar Stica Junior, Mr" uniqKey="Mar Stica Junior M">MR Maróstica Junior</name></author><author><name sortKey="Rocha E Silva, Taa" uniqKey="Rocha E Silva T">TAA Rocha e Silva</name></author><author><name sortKey="Franchi, Gc" uniqKey="Franchi G">GC Franchi</name></author><author><name sortKey="Nowill, A" uniqKey="Nowill A">A Nowill</name></author><author><name sortKey="Pastore, Gm" uniqKey="Pastore G">GM Pastore</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hyslop, S" uniqKey="Hyslop S">S Hyslop</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Crowell, Pl" uniqKey="Crowell P">PL Crowell</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Karama, M" uniqKey="Karama M">M Karamaæ</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kosi Ska, A" uniqKey="Kosi Ska A">A Kosiñska</name></author><author><name sortKey="Pegg, Rb" uniqKey="Pegg R">RB Pegg</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Ogiwara, T" uniqKey="Ogiwara T">T Ogiwara</name></author><author><name sortKey="Satoh, K" uniqKey="Satoh K">K Satoh</name></author><author><name sortKey="Negoro, T" uniqKey="Negoro T">T Negoro</name></author><author><name sortKey="Okayasu, H" uniqKey="Okayasu H">H Okayasu</name></author><author><name sortKey="Sakagami, H" uniqKey="Sakagami H">H Sakagami</name></author><author><name sortKey="Fujisawa, S" uniqKey="Fujisawa S">S Fujisawa</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Kanski, J" uniqKey="Kanski J">J Kanski</name></author><author><name sortKey="Aksenova, M" uniqKey="Aksenova M">M Aksenova</name></author><author><name sortKey="Stoyanova, A" uniqKey="Stoyanova A">A Stoyanova</name></author><author><name sortKey="Butterfield, Da" uniqKey="Butterfield D">DA Butterfield</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Tepe, B" uniqKey="Tepe B">B Tepe</name></author><author><name sortKey="Sokmen, M" uniqKey="Sokmen M">M Sokmen</name></author><author><name sortKey="Akpulat, Ha" uniqKey="Akpulat H">HA Akpulat</name></author><author><name sortKey="Daferera, D" uniqKey="Daferera D">D Daferera</name></author><author><name sortKey="Polissiou, M" uniqKey="Polissiou M">M Polissiou</name></author><author><name sortKey="Sokmen, A" uniqKey="Sokmen A">A Sokmen</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Narayan, Ms" uniqKey="Narayan M">MS Narayan</name></author><author><name sortKey="Naidu, Ka" uniqKey="Naidu K">KA Naidu</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ravishankar, Ga" uniqKey="Ravishankar G">GA Ravishankar</name></author><author><name sortKey="Srinivas, L" uniqKey="Srinivas L">L Srinivas</name></author><author><name sortKey="Venkataraman, Lv" uniqKey="Venkataraman L">LV Venkataraman</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Meir, S" uniqKey="Meir S">S Meir</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kanner, J" uniqKey="Kanner J">J Kanner</name></author><author><name sortKey="Akiri, B" uniqKey="Akiri B">B Akiri</name></author><author><name sortKey="Philosoph Hadas, S" uniqKey="Philosoph Hadas S">S Philosoph-Hadas</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Huang, Y S" uniqKey="Huang Y">Y-S Huang</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ho, S C" uniqKey="Ho S">S-C Ho</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Amarowicz, R" uniqKey="Amarowicz R">R Amarowicz</name></author><author><name sortKey="Pegg, Rb" uniqKey="Pegg R">RB Pegg</name></author><author><name sortKey="Rahimi Moghaddam, P" uniqKey="Rahimi Moghaddam P">P Rahimi-Moghaddam</name></author><author><name sortKey="Barl, B" uniqKey="Barl B">B Barl</name></author><author><name sortKey="Weil, Ja" uniqKey="Weil J">JA Weil</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Ramful, D" uniqKey="Ramful D">D Ramful</name></author><author><name sortKey="Bahorun, T" uniqKey="Bahorun T">T Bahorun</name></author><author><name sortKey="Bourdon, E" uniqKey="Bourdon E">E Bourdon</name></author><author><name sortKey="Tarnus, E" uniqKey="Tarnus E">E Tarnus</name></author><author><name sortKey="Aruoma, Oi" uniqKey="Aruoma O">OI Aruoma</name></author></analytic></biblStruct></listBibl></div1></back></TEI><pmc article-type="research-article"><pmc-dir>properties open_access</pmc-dir>
<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Biomed Res Int</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">Biomed Res Int</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">BMRI</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title>BioMed Research International</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2314-6133</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2314-6141</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Hindawi Publishing Corporation</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">23841062</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="pmc">3697287</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1155/2013/345415</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Characterization of Bioactive Compounds in Tunisian Bitter Orange (<italic>Citrus aurantium</italic> L.) Peel and Juice and Determination of Their Antioxidant Activities</article-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Jabri karoui</surname><given-names>Iness</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="I1"></xref><xref ref-type="corresp" rid="cor1">*</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Marzouk</surname><given-names>Brahim</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="I1"></xref></contrib></contrib-group><aff id="I1">Laboratoire des Substances Bioactives, Centre de Biotechnologie à la Technopole de Borj-Cédria (CBBC), BP 901, 2050 Hammam-lif, Tunisia</aff><author-notes><corresp id="cor1">*Iness Jabri karoui: <email>iness.karoui@yahoo.fr</email></corresp><fn fn-type="other"><p>Academic Editor: Jose R. Botella</p></fn></author-notes><pub-date pub-type="ppub"><year>2013</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>13</day><month>6</month><year>2013</year></pub-date><volume>2013</volume><elocation-id>345415</elocation-id><history><date date-type="received"><day>16</day><month>4</month><year>2013</year></date><date date-type="rev-recd"><day>18</day><month>5</month><year>2013</year></date><date date-type="accepted"><day>22</day><month>5</month><year>2013</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright © 2013 I. Jabri karoui and B. Marzouk.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2013</copyright-year><license license-type="open-access"><license-p>This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.</license-p></license></permissions><abstract><p><italic>Citrus aurantium</italic> peel and juice aroma compounds were investigated by gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), whereas phenolic compounds analysis was performed by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC). Limonene was the major volatile compound of bitter orange peel (90.25%) and juice (91.61%). HPLC analysis of bitter orange peel and juice methanolic extracts indicated that phenolic acids constitute their main phenolic class representing 73.80% and 71.25%, respectively, followed by flavonoids (23.02% and 23.13%, resp.). <italic>p</italic>-Coumaric and ferulic acids were the most abundant phenolic compounds representing 24.68% and 23.79%, respectively, in the peel, while the juice contained 18.02% and 19.04%, respectively. The antioxidant activities of bitter orange peel and juice methanolic extracts have been evaluated using four <italic> in vitro</italic> assays, and the results were compared with the standard antioxidants (BHT, BHA, and ascorbic acid). Our findings demonstrated that <italic>Citrus aurantium</italic> peel and juice possess antioxidant activities which were less effective than those of antioxidant standards. Both extracts may be suggested as a new potential source of natural antioxidant.</p></abstract></article-meta></front><floats-group><fig id="fig1" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Figure 1</label><caption><p>RP-HPLC chromatographic profiles of phenolic acids, flavonoids, and phenolic monoterpenes standards and <italic>Citrus aurantium </italic>peel and juice extracts monitored at 280 nm. *The peak numbers correspond to the following: 1. caffeic acid; 2. gallic acid; 3. <italic>p</italic>-hydroxybenzoic acid; 4. chlorogenic acid; 5. syringic acid; 6. vanillic acid; 7. <italic>p</italic>-coumaric acid; 8. ferulic acid; 9. trans-2-hydroxycinnamic acid; 10. rosmarinic acid; 11. <italic>o</italic>-coumaric acid; 12. cinnamic acid; 13. trans-cinnamic acid; 14. epicatechin gallate; 15. catechin; 16. rutin; 17. naringin; 18. quercetrin; 19. luteolin; 20. quercetin; 21. apigenin; 22. amentoflavone; 23. flavone; 24. tyrosol; 25. thymol; S1. resorcinol. </p></caption><graphic xlink:href="BMRI2013-345415.001"></graphic></fig><table-wrap id="tab1" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Table 1</label><caption><p>Essential oil composition of <italic>Citrus aurantium </italic>peel and juice<sup>A</sup>.</p></caption><table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><thead><tr><th align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Volatile compounds</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">RI<sup>a</sup></th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">RI<sup>b</sup></th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Peel</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Juice</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Identification</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>α</italic>-thujene</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">928</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1035</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">—</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.03 ± 0.04<sup>a</sup></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">IR. SM. Co-CG</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Tricyclen</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">930</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1015</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">—</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.68 ± 0.18<sup>a</sup></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">IR. Co-CG. SM</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>α</italic>-Pinene</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">939</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1032</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.55 ± 0.06<sup>a</sup></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.55 ± 0.01<sup>a</sup></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">IR. Co-CG. SM</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">β-Pinene</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">980</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1118</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.44 ± 0.04<sup>a</sup></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">—</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">IR. SM. Co-CG</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Sabinene</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">975</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1132</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.48 ± 0.16<sup>a</sup></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">—</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">CG-SM</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Myrcene</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">991</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1174</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.04 ± 0.00<sup>b</sup></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.68 ± 0.16<sup>a</sup></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">IR. SM. Co-CG</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>α</italic>-Phellandrene</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1006</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1176</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">—</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.84 ± 0.04<sup>a</sup></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">CG-SM</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>α</italic>-Terpinene</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1018</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1188</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.10 ± 0.27<sup>a</sup></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">—</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">IR. CG-SM</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Limonene</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1030</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1203</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>90.25</bold> <bold>±</bold> <bold>0.81</bold><sup>a</sup></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>91.61</bold> <bold>±</bold> <bold>0.97</bold><sup>a</sup></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">IR. SM. Co-CG</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1-8 Cineole</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1033</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1213</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.87 ± 0.06<sup>a</sup></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.31 ± 0.04<sup>b</sup></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">IR. SM. Co-CG</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">E-β-Ocimene</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1050</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1266</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.36 ± 0.00<sup>a</sup></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">—</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">IR. CG-SM</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Terpinolene</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1088</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1290</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.28 ± 0.01<sup>a</sup></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">—</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">IR. SM. Co-CG</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Cis-linalool oxide</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1074</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1478</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.23 ± 0.03<sup>a</sup></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.49 ± 0.23<sup>a</sup></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">CG-SM</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Trans-linalool oxide</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1088</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1450</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.13 ± 0.01<sup>b</sup></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.21 ± 0.01<sup>a</sup></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">CG-SM</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Linalool</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1098</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1553</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.56 ± 0.08<sup>a</sup></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">—</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">IR. SM. Co-CG</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Linalyl acetate</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1257</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1556</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.29 ± 0.02<sup>a</sup></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">—</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">IR. SM. Co-CG</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Bornyl acetate</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1270</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1590</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.14 ± 0.05<sup>a</sup></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">—</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">CG-SM</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Terpinene-4-ol</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1419</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1612</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.06 ± 0.01<sup>a</sup></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">—</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">CG-SM</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">β-Caryophyllene</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1178</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1611</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.05 ± 0.01<sup>a</sup></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">—</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">CG-SM</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>γ</italic>-Elemene</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1492</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1623</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.05 ± 0.00<sup>a</sup></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">—</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">CG-SM</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Neral</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1240</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1694</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.13 ± 0.00<sup>a</sup></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">—</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">CG-SM</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">β-Farnesene</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1456</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1696</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.15 ± 0.15<sup>a</sup></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">—</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">CG-SM</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>α</italic>-Terpineol</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1189</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1709</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.56 ± 0.03<sup>a</sup></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.38 ± 0.08<sup>b</sup></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">IR. SM. Co-CG</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Neryl acetate</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1385</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1733</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.23 ± 0.03<sup>b</sup></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.36 ± 0.06<sup>a</sup></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">IR. SM. Co-CG</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Δ-Cadinene</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1523</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1755</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.28 ± 0.02<sup>a</sup></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">—</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">CG-SM</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Geranyl acetate</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1383</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1765</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.11 ± 0.00<sup>a</sup></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">—</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">IR. SM. Co-CG</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Nerol</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1228</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1797</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.08 ± 0.00<sup>a</sup></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">—</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">CG-SM</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Geraniol</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1255</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1857</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.16 ± 0.01<sup>a</sup></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">—</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">IR. SM. Co-CG</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">E-Nerolidol</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1566</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2030</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.35 ± 0.04<sup>a</sup></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">—</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">CG-SM</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Oxyde de caryophyllène</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1581</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2008</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">—</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.42 ± 0.51<sup>a</sup></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">IR. CG-SM</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">E.Z farnesyl acetate</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1818</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2198</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.57 ± 0.02<sup>a</sup></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">—</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">CG-SM</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">NI</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.52 ± 0.03</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.44 ± 0.05</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td></tr></tbody></table><table-wrap-foot><fn><p><sup>A</sup>Values are given as mean ± SD (<italic>n</italic> = 3). Values followed by the same letter did not share significant differences at <italic>P</italic> < 0.05 (Duncan's test). —: not detected.</p></fn><fn><p><sup>b</sup>Components are listed in order of elution in apolar column (HP-5). </p></fn><fn><p><sup>c</sup>RI<sup>a</sup>, RI<sup>b</sup>: retention indices calculated using, respectively, an apolar column (HP-5) and polar column (HP INNOWax). Volatile compound proportions were calculated from the chromatograms obtained on the HP INNOWax column. </p></fn></table-wrap-foot></table-wrap><table-wrap id="tab2" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Table 2</label><caption><p>Contents (mg/g) and percentages (%) of phenolic compounds of bitter orange peel and juice<sup>A</sup>.</p></caption><table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><thead><tr><th align="left" rowspan="2" colspan="1">Phenolic compounds</th><th align="center" colspan="2" rowspan="1">Peel</th><th align="center" colspan="2" rowspan="1">Juice</th></tr><tr><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">%</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Mg/g</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">%</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Mg/L</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Phenolic acids</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>73.80</bold><bold>± 3.33</bold><sup>a</sup></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>1.03</bold><bold>± 0.02</bold></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>71.25</bold> ± 0.25<sup>a</sup></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>473.89</bold><bold> ± 0.30</bold></td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Gallic acid</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.84 ± 0.25<sup>b</sup></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.03 ± 0.01</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>13.05</bold> ± 0.01<sup>a</sup></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">84.53 ± 0.07</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Hydroxybenzoic acid</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.13 ± 0.65<sup>b</sup></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.02 ± 0.01</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4.05 ± 0.11<sup>a</sup></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">27.88 ± 0.05</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Chlorogenic acid</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">8.63 ± 0.13<sup>a</sup></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.12 ± 0.01</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">—</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">—</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Syringic acid</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.69 ± 0.46<sup>b</sup></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.02 ± 0.01</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2.24 ± 0.00<sup>a</sup></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">13.75 ± 0.1</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Vanillic acid</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.75 ± 0.57<sup>b</sup></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.02 ± 0.01</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2.61 ± 0.04<sup>a</sup></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">17.19 ± 0.01</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Rosmarinic acid</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5.58 ± 0.65<sup>a</sup></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.08 ± 0.02</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5.43 ± 0.10<sup>a</sup></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">36.84 ± 0.02</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Trans-2-hydroxycinnamic acid</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3.15 ± 0.28<sup>a</sup></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.04 ± 0.01</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4.56 ± 0.05<sup>a</sup></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">30.69 <bold>± </bold>0.20</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Trans-cinnamic acid</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.56 ± 0.65<sup>b</sup></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.02 ± 0.01</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2.58 ± 0.01<sup>a</sup></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">15.64 ± 0.09</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>p</italic>-Coumaric acid</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>24.68</bold><bold>± 2.64</bold><sup>a</sup></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.34 ± 0.01</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>18.02</bold>± 0.22<sup>b</sup></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">116.13 ± 0.18 </td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Ferulic acid</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>23.79</bold><bold>± 3.27</bold><sup>a</sup></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.33 ± 0.02 </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>19.04</bold>± 0.22<sup>b</sup></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">131.24 ± 0.21</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Flavonoids</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>23.02</bold><bold> ± 3.83</bold><sup>a</sup></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>0.33</bold><bold>± 0.07</bold></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>23.13</bold> ± 1.11<sup>a</sup></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>136.91</bold> ± 0.17</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Epicatechin</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2.77 ± 0.83<sup>b</sup></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.04 ± 0.02</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5.36 ± 0.15<sup>a</sup></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">36.47 ± 0.05</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Catechin</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3.17 ± 0.27<sup>a</sup></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.04 ± 0.01</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3.16 ± 0.08<sup>a</sup></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">20.24 ± 0.09</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Rutin</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">9.91 ± 1.18<sup>a</sup></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.14 ± 0.03</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5.98 ± 0.19<sup>b</sup></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">37.21 ± 0.10</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Naringin</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5.23 ± 1.15<sup>a</sup></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.07 ± 0.02</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5.59 ± 0.04<sup>a</sup></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">35.05 ± 0.12</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Flavone</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.95 ± 1.98<sup>a</sup></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.03 ± 0.03</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.19 ± 0.01<sup>a</sup></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">7.96 ± 0.01</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Phenolic monoterpenes</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">—</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>3.51</bold> ± 0.17<sup>a</sup></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>23.54</bold>± 0.03</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Tyrosol</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">—</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3.51 ± 0.17<sup>a</sup></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">23.54 ± 0.03</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Unknown</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3.18 ± 0.50</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.04 ± 0.01</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3.62</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">22.79 ± 0.08</td></tr><tr><td align="left" colspan="5" rowspan="1"><hr></hr></td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Total</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">100</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.40 ± 0.09</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">100</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">657.13 ± 0.27</td></tr></tbody></table><table-wrap-foot><fn><p> <sup>A</sup>Values are given as mean ± SD (<italic>n</italic> = 3). Values followed by the same letter did not share significant differences at <italic>P</italic> < 0.05 (Duncan's test). —: not detected.</p></fn></table-wrap-foot></table-wrap><table-wrap id="tab3" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Table 3</label><caption><p>Antioxidant activities of bitter orange peel and juice methanolic extracts<sup>A</sup>.</p></caption><table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><thead><tr><th align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Total antioxidant capacity <break></break>(mg GAE/g FW: peel)<break></break>(mg GAE/L: juice)</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">DPPH<break></break>(IC<sub>50</sub>, <italic>µ</italic>g mL<sup>−1</sup>: peel)<break></break>(%<italic>I</italic>: juice)</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">β-Carotene bleaching <break></break>(IC<sub>50</sub>, mg mL<sup>−1</sup>: peel)<break></break>(%<italic>I</italic>: juice)</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Reducing power <break></break>(EC<sub>50</sub>, mg mL<sup>−1</sup>: peel)<break></break></th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Peel</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5.23 ± 0.05</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">190 ± 0.01</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5.81 ± 0.03</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.88 ± 0.05</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Juice</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">823.13 ± 17.18</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">97.05 ± 0.38</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">15.92 ± 0.66</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">—</td></tr></tbody></table><table-wrap-foot><fn><p> <sup>A</sup>Values are given as mean ± SD (<italic>n</italic> = 3). —: not detected.</p></fn></table-wrap-foot></table-wrap></floats-group></pmc><affiliations><list><country><li>Tunisie</li></country></list><tree><country name="Tunisie"><noRegion><name sortKey="Jabri Karoui, Iness" sort="Jabri Karoui, Iness" uniqKey="Jabri Karoui I" first="Iness" last="Jabri Karoui">Iness Jabri Karoui</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Marzouk, Brahim" sort="Marzouk, Brahim" uniqKey="Marzouk B" first="Brahim" last="Marzouk">Brahim Marzouk</name></country></tree></affiliations></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
EXPLOR_STEP=$WICRI_ROOT/Wicri/Bois/explor/OrangerV1/Data/Pmc/Checkpoint
HfdSelect -h $EXPLOR_STEP/biblio.hfd -nk 000B29 | SxmlIndent | more
Ou
HfdSelect -h $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Pmc/Checkpoint/biblio.hfd -nk 000B29 | SxmlIndent | more
Pour mettre un lien sur cette page dans le réseau Wicri
{{Explor lien
|wiki= Wicri/Bois
|area= OrangerV1
|flux= Pmc
|étape= Checkpoint
|type= RBID
|clé= PMC:3697287
|texte= Characterization of Bioactive Compounds in Tunisian Bitter Orange (Citrus aurantium L.) Peel and Juice and Determination of Their Antioxidant Activities
}}
Pour générer des pages wiki
HfdIndexSelect -h $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Pmc/Checkpoint/RBID.i -Sk "pubmed:23841062" \
| HfdSelect -Kh $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Pmc/Checkpoint/biblio.hfd \
| NlmPubMed2Wicri -a OrangerV1
| This area was generated with Dilib version V0.6.25. |  |