Mosquito Larvicidal Potential of Gossypium hirsutum (Bt cotton) Leaves Extracts against Aedes aegypti and Anopheles stephensi larvae
Identifieur interne : 000A21 ( Pmc/Checkpoint ); précédent : 000A20; suivant : 000A22Mosquito Larvicidal Potential of Gossypium hirsutum (Bt cotton) Leaves Extracts against Aedes aegypti and Anopheles stephensi larvae
Auteurs : Chandrashekhar D. Patil [Inde] ; Hemant P. Borase [Inde] ; Rahul B. Salunkhe [Inde] ; Rahul K. Suryawanshi [Inde] ; Chandrakant P. Narkhade [Inde] ; Bipinchandra K. Salunke [Inde] ; Satish V. Patil [Inde]Source :
- Journal of Arthropod-Borne Diseases [ 2322-1984 ] ; 2013.
Abstract
We aimed to extract the ingredients from leaves of
Qualitative and quantitative estimation of ingredients from
LC50 values of water, ethanol, ethyl acetate and hexane extracts for
Leaves extracts of
Url:
PubMed: 25629069
PubMed Central: 4289515
Affiliations:
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<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Mosquito Larvicidal Potential of <italic>Gossypium hirsutum</italic> (Bt cotton) Leaves Extracts against <italic>Aedes aegypti</italic> and <italic>Anopheles stephensi</italic> larvae</title><author><name sortKey="Patil, Chandrashekhar D" sort="Patil, Chandrashekhar D" uniqKey="Patil C" first="Chandrashekhar D" last="Patil">Chandrashekhar D. Patil</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af1-jad-8-91">School of Life Sciences, North Maharashtra University, Maharashtra, India</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Inde</country><wicri:regionArea>School of Life Sciences, North Maharashtra University, Maharashtra</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Maharashtra</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Borase, Hemant P" sort="Borase, Hemant P" uniqKey="Borase H" first="Hemant P" last="Borase">Hemant P. Borase</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af1-jad-8-91">School of Life Sciences, North Maharashtra University, Maharashtra, India</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Inde</country><wicri:regionArea>School of Life Sciences, North Maharashtra University, Maharashtra</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Maharashtra</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Salunkhe, Rahul B" sort="Salunkhe, Rahul B" uniqKey="Salunkhe R" first="Rahul B" last="Salunkhe">Rahul B. Salunkhe</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af1-jad-8-91">School of Life Sciences, North Maharashtra University, Maharashtra, India</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Inde</country><wicri:regionArea>School of Life Sciences, North Maharashtra University, Maharashtra</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Maharashtra</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Suryawanshi, Rahul K" sort="Suryawanshi, Rahul K" uniqKey="Suryawanshi R" first="Rahul K" last="Suryawanshi">Rahul K. Suryawanshi</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af1-jad-8-91">School of Life Sciences, North Maharashtra University, Maharashtra, India</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Inde</country><wicri:regionArea>School of Life Sciences, North Maharashtra University, Maharashtra</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Maharashtra</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Narkhade, Chandrakant P" sort="Narkhade, Chandrakant P" uniqKey="Narkhade C" first="Chandrakant P" last="Narkhade">Chandrakant P. Narkhade</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af1-jad-8-91">School of Life Sciences, North Maharashtra University, Maharashtra, India</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Inde</country><wicri:regionArea>School of Life Sciences, North Maharashtra University, Maharashtra</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Maharashtra</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Salunke, Bipinchandra K" sort="Salunke, Bipinchandra K" uniqKey="Salunke B" first="Bipinchandra K" last="Salunke">Bipinchandra K. Salunke</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af1-jad-8-91">School of Life Sciences, North Maharashtra University, Maharashtra, India</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Inde</country><wicri:regionArea>School of Life Sciences, North Maharashtra University, Maharashtra</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Maharashtra</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af2-jad-8-91">North Maharashtra Microbial Culture Collection Centre, North Maharashtra University, Maharashtra, India</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Inde</country><wicri:regionArea>North Maharashtra Microbial Culture Collection Centre, North Maharashtra University, Maharashtra</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Maharashtra</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Patil, Satish V" sort="Patil, Satish V" uniqKey="Patil S" first="Satish V" last="Patil">Satish V. Patil</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af1-jad-8-91">School of Life Sciences, North Maharashtra University, Maharashtra, India</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Inde</country><wicri:regionArea>School of Life Sciences, North Maharashtra University, Maharashtra</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Maharashtra</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af2-jad-8-91">North Maharashtra Microbial Culture Collection Centre, North Maharashtra University, Maharashtra, India</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Inde</country><wicri:regionArea>North Maharashtra Microbial Culture Collection Centre, North Maharashtra University, Maharashtra</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Maharashtra</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno><idno type="pmid">25629069</idno><idno type="pmc">4289515</idno><idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4289515</idno><idno type="RBID">PMC:4289515</idno><date when="2013">2013</date><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">001005</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Curation">001004</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Checkpoint">000A21</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Mosquito Larvicidal Potential of <italic>Gossypium hirsutum</italic> (Bt cotton) Leaves Extracts against <italic>Aedes aegypti</italic> and <italic>Anopheles stephensi</italic> larvae</title><author><name sortKey="Patil, Chandrashekhar D" sort="Patil, Chandrashekhar D" uniqKey="Patil C" first="Chandrashekhar D" last="Patil">Chandrashekhar D. Patil</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af1-jad-8-91">School of Life Sciences, North Maharashtra University, Maharashtra, India</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Inde</country><wicri:regionArea>School of Life Sciences, North Maharashtra University, Maharashtra</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Maharashtra</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Borase, Hemant P" sort="Borase, Hemant P" uniqKey="Borase H" first="Hemant P" last="Borase">Hemant P. Borase</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af1-jad-8-91">School of Life Sciences, North Maharashtra University, Maharashtra, India</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Inde</country><wicri:regionArea>School of Life Sciences, North Maharashtra University, Maharashtra</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Maharashtra</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Salunkhe, Rahul B" sort="Salunkhe, Rahul B" uniqKey="Salunkhe R" first="Rahul B" last="Salunkhe">Rahul B. Salunkhe</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af1-jad-8-91">School of Life Sciences, North Maharashtra University, Maharashtra, India</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Inde</country><wicri:regionArea>School of Life Sciences, North Maharashtra University, Maharashtra</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Maharashtra</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Suryawanshi, Rahul K" sort="Suryawanshi, Rahul K" uniqKey="Suryawanshi R" first="Rahul K" last="Suryawanshi">Rahul K. Suryawanshi</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af1-jad-8-91">School of Life Sciences, North Maharashtra University, Maharashtra, India</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Inde</country><wicri:regionArea>School of Life Sciences, North Maharashtra University, Maharashtra</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Maharashtra</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Narkhade, Chandrakant P" sort="Narkhade, Chandrakant P" uniqKey="Narkhade C" first="Chandrakant P" last="Narkhade">Chandrakant P. Narkhade</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af1-jad-8-91">School of Life Sciences, North Maharashtra University, Maharashtra, India</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Inde</country><wicri:regionArea>School of Life Sciences, North Maharashtra University, Maharashtra</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Maharashtra</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Salunke, Bipinchandra K" sort="Salunke, Bipinchandra K" uniqKey="Salunke B" first="Bipinchandra K" last="Salunke">Bipinchandra K. Salunke</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af1-jad-8-91">School of Life Sciences, North Maharashtra University, Maharashtra, India</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Inde</country><wicri:regionArea>School of Life Sciences, North Maharashtra University, Maharashtra</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Maharashtra</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af2-jad-8-91">North Maharashtra Microbial Culture Collection Centre, North Maharashtra University, Maharashtra, India</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Inde</country><wicri:regionArea>North Maharashtra Microbial Culture Collection Centre, North Maharashtra University, Maharashtra</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Maharashtra</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Patil, Satish V" sort="Patil, Satish V" uniqKey="Patil S" first="Satish V" last="Patil">Satish V. Patil</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af1-jad-8-91">School of Life Sciences, North Maharashtra University, Maharashtra, India</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Inde</country><wicri:regionArea>School of Life Sciences, North Maharashtra University, Maharashtra</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Maharashtra</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af2-jad-8-91">North Maharashtra Microbial Culture Collection Centre, North Maharashtra University, Maharashtra, India</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Inde</country><wicri:regionArea>North Maharashtra Microbial Culture Collection Centre, North Maharashtra University, Maharashtra</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Maharashtra</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Journal of Arthropod-Borne Diseases</title><idno type="ISSN">2322-1984</idno><idno type="eISSN">2322-2271</idno><imprint><date when="2013">2013</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Background:</title><p>We aimed to extract the ingredients from leaves of <italic>Gossypium hirsutum</italic> (Bt cotton) using different solvents and evaluate for potential use to control different larval stages of mosquito species, <italic>Aedes aegypti</italic> and <italic>Anopheles stephensi</italic>.</p></sec><sec><title>Methods:</title><p>Qualitative and quantitative estimation of ingredients from <italic>Go. hirsutum</italic> (Bt) plant extract was carried out and their inhibitory action against mosquito larvae was determined using mosquito larvicidal assay.</p></sec><sec><title>Results:</title><p>LC<sub>50</sub> values of water, ethanol, ethyl acetate and hexane extracts for <italic>Ae. aegypti</italic> were 211.73±21.49, 241.64±19.92, 358.07±32.43, 401.03±36.19 and 232.56±26.00, 298.54±21.78, 366.50±30.59, 387.19±31.82 for 4<sup>th</sup> instar of <italic>An</italic>. <italic>stephensi,</italic> respectively. The water extract displayed lowest LC<sub>50</sub> value followed by ethanol, ethyl acetate and hexane. Owing to the comparatively better activity of water extract, its efficacy was further evaluated for mosquito larvicidal activity<italic>,</italic> which exhibited LC<sub>50</sub> values of 133.95±12.79, 167.65±11.34 against 2<sup>nd</sup> and 3<sup>rd</sup> instars of <italic>Ae. aegypti</italic> and 145.48±11.76, 188.10±12.92 against 2<sup>nd</sup> and 3<sup>rd</sup> instars of <italic>An</italic>. <italic>stephensi</italic>, respectively. Crude protein from the water extract was precipitated using acetone and tested against 2<sup>nd</sup>, 3<sup>rd</sup> and 4<sup>th</sup> instars of <italic>Ae. aegypti</italic> and <italic>An. stephensi</italic>. It revealed further decrease in LC<sub>50</sub> values as 105.72±25.84, 138.23±23.18, 126.19±25.65, 134.04±04 and 137.88±17.59, 154.25±16.98 for 2<sup>nd</sup>, 3<sup>rd</sup> and 4<sup>th</sup> instars of <italic>Ae</italic>. <italic>aegypti</italic> and <italic>An</italic>. <italic>stephensi,</italic> respectively.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion:</title><p>Leaves extracts of <italic>Go. hirsutum</italic> (Bt) is potential mosquito larvicide and can be used as a potent alternative to chemical insecticides in integrated pest management.</p></sec></div></front><back><div1 type="bibliography"><listBibl><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Abott, Ws" uniqKey="Abott W">WS Abott</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Abu Bakar, A" uniqKey="Abu Bakar A">A Abu Bakar</name></author><author><name sortKey="Sulaiman, S" uniqKey="Sulaiman S">S Sulaiman</name></author><author><name sortKey="Omar, B" uniqKey="Omar B">B 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<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">J Arthropod Borne Dis</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">J Arthropod Borne Dis</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">JAD</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title>Journal of Arthropod-Borne Diseases</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2322-1984</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2322-2271</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Tehran University of Medical Sciences</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">25629069</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="pmc">4289515</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">jad-8-91</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Original Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Mosquito Larvicidal Potential of <italic>Gossypium hirsutum</italic> (Bt cotton) Leaves Extracts against <italic>Aedes aegypti</italic> and <italic>Anopheles stephensi</italic> larvae</article-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Patil</surname><given-names>Chandrashekhar D</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="af1-jad-8-91"><sup>1</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Borase</surname><given-names>Hemant P</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="af1-jad-8-91"><sup>1</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Salunkhe</surname><given-names>Rahul B</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="af1-jad-8-91"><sup>1</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Suryawanshi</surname><given-names>Rahul K</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="af1-jad-8-91"><sup>1</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Narkhade</surname><given-names>Chandrakant P</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="af1-jad-8-91"><sup>1</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Salunke</surname><given-names>Bipinchandra K</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="af1-jad-8-91"><sup>1</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="af2-jad-8-91"><sup>2</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Patil</surname><given-names>Satish V</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="af1-jad-8-91"><sup>1</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="af2-jad-8-91"><sup>2</sup></xref><xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c1-jad-8-91"><sup>*</sup></xref></contrib></contrib-group><aff id="af1-jad-8-91"><label>1</label>School of Life Sciences, North Maharashtra University, Maharashtra, India</aff><aff id="af2-jad-8-91"><label>2</label>North Maharashtra Microbial Culture Collection Centre, North Maharashtra University, Maharashtra, India</aff><author-notes><corresp id="c1-jad-8-91"><label>*</label>Corresponding author: Dr Satish V Patil, E-mail: <email>satish.patil7@gmail.com</email></corresp></author-notes><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2014</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>18</day><month>12</month><year>2013</year></pub-date><volume>8</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>91</fpage><lpage>101</lpage><history><date date-type="received"><day>31</day><month>3</month><year>2013</year></date><date date-type="accepted"><day>01</day><month>10</month><year>2013</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright © Iranian Society of Medical Entomology & Tehran University of Medical Sciences</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2014</copyright-year><license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/"><license-p>This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial 3.0 License (CC BY-NC 3.0), which allows users to read, copy, distribute and make derivative works for non-commercial purposes from the material, as long as the author of the original work is cited properly.</license-p></license></permissions><abstract><sec><title>Background:</title><p>We aimed to extract the ingredients from leaves of <italic>Gossypium hirsutum</italic> (Bt cotton) using different solvents and evaluate for potential use to control different larval stages of mosquito species, <italic>Aedes aegypti</italic> and <italic>Anopheles stephensi</italic>.</p></sec><sec><title>Methods:</title><p>Qualitative and quantitative estimation of ingredients from <italic>Go. hirsutum</italic> (Bt) plant extract was carried out and their inhibitory action against mosquito larvae was determined using mosquito larvicidal assay.</p></sec><sec><title>Results:</title><p>LC<sub>50</sub> values of water, ethanol, ethyl acetate and hexane extracts for <italic>Ae. aegypti</italic> were 211.73±21.49, 241.64±19.92, 358.07±32.43, 401.03±36.19 and 232.56±26.00, 298.54±21.78, 366.50±30.59, 387.19±31.82 for 4<sup>th</sup> instar of <italic>An</italic>. <italic>stephensi,</italic> respectively. The water extract displayed lowest LC<sub>50</sub> value followed by ethanol, ethyl acetate and hexane. Owing to the comparatively better activity of water extract, its efficacy was further evaluated for mosquito larvicidal activity<italic>,</italic> which exhibited LC<sub>50</sub> values of 133.95±12.79, 167.65±11.34 against 2<sup>nd</sup> and 3<sup>rd</sup> instars of <italic>Ae. aegypti</italic> and 145.48±11.76, 188.10±12.92 against 2<sup>nd</sup> and 3<sup>rd</sup> instars of <italic>An</italic>. <italic>stephensi</italic>, respectively. Crude protein from the water extract was precipitated using acetone and tested against 2<sup>nd</sup>, 3<sup>rd</sup> and 4<sup>th</sup> instars of <italic>Ae. aegypti</italic> and <italic>An. stephensi</italic>. It revealed further decrease in LC<sub>50</sub> values as 105.72±25.84, 138.23±23.18, 126.19±25.65, 134.04±04 and 137.88±17.59, 154.25±16.98 for 2<sup>nd</sup>, 3<sup>rd</sup> and 4<sup>th</sup> instars of <italic>Ae</italic>. <italic>aegypti</italic> and <italic>An</italic>. <italic>stephensi,</italic> respectively.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion:</title><p>Leaves extracts of <italic>Go. hirsutum</italic> (Bt) is potential mosquito larvicide and can be used as a potent alternative to chemical insecticides in integrated pest management.</p></sec></abstract><kwd-group><kwd>Cotton</kwd><kwd>leaves extract</kwd><kwd>mosquito</kwd><kwd>toxicity</kwd><kwd><italic>A. aegypt</italic></kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><floats-group><fig id="f1-jad-8-91" position="float"><label>Fig. 1.</label><caption><p>A) Bt cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) plant with flower and fruit, (B) Bt cotton plantation in field.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="jad-8-91f1"></graphic></fig><table-wrap id="t1-jad-8-91" position="float"><label>Table 1.</label><caption><p>Larvicidal activity of differential extracts from leaves of <italic>Gossypium hirsutum</italic> against IV<sup>th</sup> instar larvae of <italic>Aedes aegypti</italic> and <italic>Anopheles stephensi</italic></p></caption><table frame="hsides" rules="rows"><thead><tr><th valign="middle" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>Mosquito species</bold></th><th valign="middle" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>Leaves Extract(Btcot)</bold></th><th valign="middle" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>LC<sub>50</sub> ±SE (mg lit<sup>−1</sup>)</bold></th><th valign="middle" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>95% Fiducial limits (LCL-UCL)</bold></th><th valign="middle" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>LC<sub>90</sub>±SE (mg lit<sup>−1</sup>)</bold></th><th valign="middle" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>95% Fiducial limits (LCL-UCL)</bold></th><th valign="middle" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>Regression equation</bold></th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td valign="middle" rowspan="4" align="left" colspan="1"><bold><italic>Aedes aegypti</italic></bold></td><td valign="middle" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Water</italic></td><td valign="middle" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">211.73±21.49</td><td valign="middle" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">165.01–253.86</td><td valign="middle" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">528.59±52.02</td><td valign="middle" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">448.88–673.31</td><td valign="middle" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Y=1.93+0.0143 X</td></tr><tr><td valign="middle" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Ethanol</italic></td><td valign="middle" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">241.64±19.92</td><td valign="middle" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">201.07–282.76</td><td valign="middle" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">536.98±48.96</td><td valign="middle" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">460.90–669.48</td><td valign="middle" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Y=1.24+0.0154 X</td></tr><tr><td valign="middle" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Ethyl acetate</italic></td><td valign="middle" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">358.07±32.43</td><td valign="middle" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">303.74–444.33</td><td valign="middle" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">750.27±96.81</td><td valign="middle" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">609.91–1047.67</td><td valign="middle" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Y=0.811+0.0117X</td></tr><tr><td valign="middle" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Hexane</italic></td><td valign="middle" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">401.03±36.19</td><td valign="middle" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">342.34–501.14</td><td valign="middle" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">780.38±99.93</td><td valign="middle" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">635.45–1086.77</td><td valign="middle" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Y=0.399+0.0114X</td></tr><tr><td valign="middle" rowspan="4" align="left" colspan="1"><bold><italic>Anopheles stephensi</italic></bold></td><td valign="middle" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Water</italic></td><td valign="middle" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">232.56±26.00</td><td valign="middle" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">176.31–286.13</td><td valign="middle" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">625.49±77.94</td><td valign="middle" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">514.72–866.47</td><td valign="middle" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Y=2.18+0.0121 X</td></tr><tr><td valign="middle" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Ethanol</italic></td><td valign="middle" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">298.54±21.78</td><td valign="middle" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">257.97–347.87</td><td valign="middle" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">603.70±57.19</td><td valign="middle" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">515.61–760.30</td><td valign="middle" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Y=0.561+0.0150X</td></tr><tr><td valign="middle" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Ethyl acetate</italic></td><td valign="middle" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">366.50±30.59</td><td valign="middle" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">315.32–446.32</td><td valign="middle" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">722.72±85.06</td><td valign="middle" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">597.08–974.12</td><td valign="middle" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Y=0.418+0.0125X</td></tr><tr><td valign="middle" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Hexane</italic></td><td valign="middle" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">387.19±31.82</td><td valign="middle" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">334.72–471.24</td><td valign="middle" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">735.99±85.30</td><td valign="middle" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">609.77–987.03</td><td valign="middle" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Y= 0.212+0.0123</td></tr></tbody></table><table-wrap-foot><fn id="tfn1-jad-8-91"><p>Y mortality rate (significant at P< 0.05 level), X concentration (significant at P< 0.05 level), LC<sub>50</sub> lethal concentration that kills 50% of the exposed larvae, LC<sub>90</sub> lethal concentration that kills 90% of the exposed larvae, SE standard error (all values are mean of four replicates), LCL lower confidence limit, UCL upper confidence limit</p></fn></table-wrap-foot></table-wrap><table-wrap id="t2-jad-8-91" position="float"><label>Table 2.</label><caption><p>Larvicidal activity of water extracts from leaves of <italic>Gossypium hirsutum</italic> against II<sup>nd</sup> and III<sup>rd</sup> instar larvae of <italic>Aedes aegypti</italic> and <italic>Anopheles stephensi</italic></p></caption><table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><thead><tr><th valign="middle" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>Mosquito species</bold></th><th valign="middle" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>Larval stage (Instars)</bold></th><th valign="middle" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>LC<sub>50</sub> ±SE (mg lit<sup>−1</sup>)</bold></th><th valign="middle" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>95% Fiducial limits (LCL-UCL)</bold></th><th valign="middle" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>LC<sub>90</sub>±SE (mg lit<sup>−1</sup>)</bold></th><th valign="middle" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>95% Fiducial limits (LCL-UCL)</bold></th><th valign="middle" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>Regression equation</bold></th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td valign="middle" rowspan="2" align="left" colspan="1"><bold><italic>Aedes aegypti</italic></bold></td><td valign="middle" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">II</td><td valign="middle" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">133.95±12.79</td><td valign="middle" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">105.21–157.26</td><td valign="middle" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">283.64±18.12</td><td valign="middle" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">253.49–328.26</td><td valign="middle" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Y= 2.00+0.0222X</td></tr><tr><td valign="middle" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">III</td><td valign="middle" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">167.65±11.34</td><td valign="middle" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">143.50–189.24</td><td valign="middle" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">312.32±18.07</td><td valign="middle" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">282.11–356.18</td><td valign="middle" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Y=0.631+0.0252X</td></tr><tr><td valign="middle" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td colspan="6" valign="middle" align="left" rowspan="1"><hr></hr></td></tr><tr><td valign="middle" rowspan="2" align="left" colspan="1"><bold><italic>Anopheles stephensi</italic></bold></td><td valign="middle" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">II</td><td valign="middle" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">145.48±11.76</td><td valign="middle" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">119.71–167.34</td><td valign="middle" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">287.18±17.43</td><td valign="middle" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">258.07–329.72</td><td valign="middle" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Y=1.45+0.0237X</td></tr><tr><td valign="middle" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">III</td><td valign="middle" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">188.10 ±12.92</td><td valign="middle" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">160.59–212.88</td><td valign="middle" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">364.92±23.01</td><td valign="middle" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">327.15–422.15</td><td valign="middle" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Y=0.524+0.0234X</td></tr></tbody></table><table-wrap-foot><fn id="tfn2-jad-8-91"><p>Y mortality rate (significant at P< 0.05 level), X concentration (significant at P< 0.05 level), LC<sub>50</sub> lethal concentration that kills 50% of the exposed larvae, LC<sub>90</sub> lethal concentration that kills 90% of the exposed larvae, SE standard error (all values are mean of four replicates), LCL lower confidence limit, UCL upper confidence limit</p></fn></table-wrap-foot></table-wrap><table-wrap id="t3-jad-8-91" position="float"><label>Table 3.</label><caption><p>Larvicidal activity of crude protein from water extract of <italic>Gossypium hirsutum</italic> (BollgaurdII) against II <sup>nd</sup>, III<sup>rd</sup> and IV<sup>th</sup> instar larvae of <italic>Aedes aegypti</italic> and <italic>Anopheles stephensi</italic></p></caption><table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><thead><tr><th valign="middle" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>Mosquito species</bold></th><th valign="middle" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>Larval stage (Instars)</bold></th><th valign="middle" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>LC<sub>50</sub> ±SE (mg lit<sup>−1</sup>)</bold></th><th valign="middle" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>95% Fiducial limits (LCL-UCL)</bold></th><th valign="middle" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>LC<sub>90</sub>±SE (mg lit<sup>−1</sup>)</bold></th><th valign="middle" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>95% Fiducial limits (LCL-UCL)</bold></th><th valign="middle" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>Regression equation</bold></th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td valign="middle" rowspan="3" align="left" colspan="1"><bold><italic>Aedes aegypti</italic></bold></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">II</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">105.72±25.84</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">35.50–147.30</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">273.28± 25.56</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">232.00–345.43</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Y=4.53+0.0127X</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">III</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">126.19±25.65</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">56.87–168.45</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">314.17±27.89</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">269.46–391.62</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Y=3.73+0.0140X</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">IV</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">137.88±17.59</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">96.13–169.37</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">350.23± 30.23</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">302.8–432.062</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Y=2.29+0.0195X</td></tr><tr><td valign="middle" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td colspan="6" valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1"><hr></hr></td></tr><tr><td valign="middle" rowspan="3" align="left" colspan="1"><bold><italic>Anopheles stephensi</italic></bold></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">II</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">138.23±23.18</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">78.18–177.71</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">317.83±27.09</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">274.38–392.16</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Y=3.30+0.0150X</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">III</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">134.04±04</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">70.56–174.23</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">315.33±27.05</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">95.71–389.51</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Y=3.30+0.0150X</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">IV</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">154.25± 16.98</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">115.178–185.6</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">371.42±32.6</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">320.54–460.49</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Y=1.92+0.0197X</td></tr></tbody></table><table-wrap-foot><fn id="tfn3-jad-8-91"><p>Mortality rate (significant at P< 0.05 level), X concentration (significant at P< 0.05 level), LC<sub>50</sub> lethal concentration that kills 50% of the exposed larvae, LC<sub>90</sub> lethal concentration that kills 90% of the exposed larvae, SE standard error (all values are mean of four replicates), LCL lower confidence limit, UCL upper confidence limit</p></fn></table-wrap-foot></table-wrap><table-wrap id="t4-jad-8-91" position="float"><label>Table 4.</label><caption><p>Qualitative analysis of phytochemicals present in differential solvent extracts from leaves of <italic>Bt</italic>-cotton (<italic>Gossypium hirsutum)</italic></p></caption><table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><thead><tr><th valign="middle" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>Phytochemical constituent</bold></th><th valign="middle" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>Water extract</bold></th><th valign="middle" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>Ethanol extract</bold></th><th valign="middle" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>Ethyl acetate extract</bold></th><th valign="middle" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>Hexane extract</bold></th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>Alkaloids</bold></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">+++</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">++</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">++</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>Phenolic compounds</bold></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">+++</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">++</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>Terpenoids</bold></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">+++</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">+++</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">++</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>Tannins</bold></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">+++</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">++</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">+</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>Saponins</bold></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">+++</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">++</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">+++</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">++</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>Flavonoid</bold></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">++++</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">++</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">++</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>Protein</bold></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">+++</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−</td></tr></tbody></table><table-wrap-foot><fn id="tfn4-jad-8-91"><label>+++</label><p>Strong positive,</p></fn><fn id="tfn5-jad-8-91"><label>++</label><p>Moderate positive,</p></fn><fn id="tfn6-jad-8-91"><label>+</label><p>Less,</p></fn><fn id="tfn7-jad-8-91"><label>−</label><p>Not detected</p></fn></table-wrap-foot></table-wrap></floats-group></pmc><affiliations><list><country><li>Inde</li></country></list><tree><country name="Inde"><noRegion><name sortKey="Patil, Chandrashekhar D" sort="Patil, Chandrashekhar D" uniqKey="Patil C" first="Chandrashekhar D" last="Patil">Chandrashekhar D. Patil</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Borase, Hemant P" sort="Borase, Hemant P" uniqKey="Borase H" first="Hemant P" last="Borase">Hemant P. Borase</name><name sortKey="Narkhade, Chandrakant P" sort="Narkhade, Chandrakant P" uniqKey="Narkhade C" first="Chandrakant P" last="Narkhade">Chandrakant P. Narkhade</name><name sortKey="Patil, Satish V" sort="Patil, Satish V" uniqKey="Patil S" first="Satish V" last="Patil">Satish V. Patil</name><name sortKey="Patil, Satish V" sort="Patil, Satish V" uniqKey="Patil S" first="Satish V" last="Patil">Satish V. Patil</name><name sortKey="Salunke, Bipinchandra K" sort="Salunke, Bipinchandra K" uniqKey="Salunke B" first="Bipinchandra K" last="Salunke">Bipinchandra K. Salunke</name><name sortKey="Salunke, Bipinchandra K" sort="Salunke, Bipinchandra K" uniqKey="Salunke B" first="Bipinchandra K" last="Salunke">Bipinchandra K. Salunke</name><name sortKey="Salunkhe, Rahul B" sort="Salunkhe, Rahul B" uniqKey="Salunkhe R" first="Rahul B" last="Salunkhe">Rahul B. Salunkhe</name><name sortKey="Suryawanshi, Rahul K" sort="Suryawanshi, Rahul K" uniqKey="Suryawanshi R" first="Rahul K" last="Suryawanshi">Rahul K. Suryawanshi</name></country></tree></affiliations></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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