Molecular characterization of mutations in white-flowered torenia plants
Identifieur interne : 000761 ( Pmc/Checkpoint ); précédent : 000760; suivant : 000762Molecular characterization of mutations in white-flowered torenia plants
Auteurs : Masahiro Nishihara [Japon] ; Eri Yamada [Japon] ; Misa Saito [Japon] ; Kohei Fujita [Japon] ; Hideyuki Takahashi [Japon] ; Takashi Nakatsuka [Japon]Source :
- BMC Plant Biology [ 1471-2229 ] ; 2014.
Abstract
Torenia (
In an expression analysis, no flavanone 3-hydroxylase (
Taken together, a novel retrotransposable element,
Url:
DOI: 10.1186/1471-2229-14-86
PubMed: 24694353
PubMed Central: 4234012
Affiliations:
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PMC:4234012Le document en format XML
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<sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Molecular characterization of mutations in white-flowered torenia plants</title>
<author><name sortKey="Nishihara, Masahiro" sort="Nishihara, Masahiro" uniqKey="Nishihara M" first="Masahiro" last="Nishihara">Masahiro Nishihara</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Yamada, Eri" sort="Yamada, Eri" uniqKey="Yamada E" first="Eri" last="Yamada">Eri Yamada</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Saito, Misa" sort="Saito, Misa" uniqKey="Saito M" first="Misa" last="Saito">Misa Saito</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Fujita, Kohei" sort="Fujita, Kohei" uniqKey="Fujita K" first="Kohei" last="Fujita">Kohei Fujita</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Takahashi, Hideyuki" sort="Takahashi, Hideyuki" uniqKey="Takahashi H" first="Hideyuki" last="Takahashi">Hideyuki Takahashi</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Nakatsuka, Takashi" sort="Nakatsuka, Takashi" uniqKey="Nakatsuka T" first="Takashi" last="Nakatsuka">Takashi Nakatsuka</name>
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<wicri:regionArea>Department of Biological and Environmental Science, Graduate School of Agriculture, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8529</wicri:regionArea>
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<series><title level="j">BMC Plant Biology</title>
<idno type="eISSN">1471-2229</idno>
<imprint><date when="2014">2014</date>
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<front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Background</title>
<p>Torenia (<italic>Torenia fournieri</italic>
Lind.) is a model plant increasingly exploited in studies in various disciplines, including plant engineering, biochemistry, physiology, and ecology. Additionally, cultivars with different flower colors have been bred and made commercially available. Flower color in torenia is mainly attributed to the accumulation of anthocyanins, but the molecular mechanisms inducing flower color mutations in torenia have not been well elucidated. In this study, we therefore attempted to identify the cause of white coloration in torenia by comparing the white-flowered cultivar Crown White (CrW) with Crown Violet (CrV), a violet-flowered variety.</p>
</sec>
<sec><title>Results</title>
<p>In an expression analysis, no flavanone 3-hydroxylase (<italic>TfF3H</italic>
) transcript accumulation was detected in CrW petals. Sequence analyses revealed that a novel long terminal repeat (LTR)-type retrotransposable element, designated as <italic>TORE1</italic>
(<italic>Torenia</italic>
retrotransposon 1), is inserted into the 5<italic>′</italic>
-upstream region of the <italic>TfF3H</italic>
gene in CrW. A transient expression assay using torenia <italic>F3H</italic>
promoters with or without <italic>TORE1</italic>
insertion showed that the <italic>TORE1</italic>
insertion substantially suppressed <italic>F3H</italic>
promoter activity, suggesting that this insertion is responsible for the absence of <italic>F3H</italic>
transcripts in white petals. Furthermore, a transformation experiment demonstrated that the introduction of a foreign gentian <italic>F3H</italic>
cDNA, <italic>GtF3H</italic>
, into CrW was able to recover pink-flower pigmentation, indicating that <italic>F3H</italic>
deficiency is indeed the cause of the colorless flower phenotype in CrW. Detailed sequence analysis also identified deletion mutations in flavonoid 3′-hydroxylase (<italic>TfF3′H</italic>
) and flavonoid 3′,5′- hydroxylase (<italic>TfF3′5′H</italic>
) genes, but these were not directly responsible for white coloration in this cultivar.</p>
</sec>
<sec><title>Conclusions</title>
<p>Taken together, a novel retrotransposable element, <italic>TORE1,</italic>
inserted into the <italic>F3H</italic>
5′-upstream region is the cause of deficient <italic>F3H</italic>
transcripts in white-flowered torenia, thereby leading to reduced petal anthocyanin levels. This is the first report of a retrotransposable element involved in flower color mutation in the genus <italic>Torenia</italic>
.</p>
</sec>
</div>
</front>
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<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">BMC Plant Biol</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">BMC Plant Biol</journal-id>
<journal-title-group><journal-title>BMC Plant Biology</journal-title>
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<issn pub-type="epub">1471-2229</issn>
<publisher><publisher-name>BioMed Central</publisher-name>
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<article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">24694353</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="pmc">4234012</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">1471-2229-14-86</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1186/1471-2229-14-86</article-id>
<article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject>
</subj-group>
</article-categories>
<title-group><article-title>Molecular characterization of mutations in white-flowered torenia plants</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes" id="A1"><name><surname>Nishihara</surname>
<given-names>Masahiro</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="I1">1</xref>
<email>mnishiha@ibrc.or.jp</email>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" id="A2"><name><surname>Yamada</surname>
<given-names>Eri</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="I1">1</xref>
<email>e-yoshida@ibrc.or.jp</email>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" id="A3"><name><surname>Saito</surname>
<given-names>Misa</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="I1">1</xref>
<email>bluekng87@gmail.com</email>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" id="A4"><name><surname>Fujita</surname>
<given-names>Kohei</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="I1">1</xref>
<email>k-fujita@ibrc.or.jp</email>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" id="A5"><name><surname>Takahashi</surname>
<given-names>Hideyuki</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="I1">1</xref>
<email>h-takahashi@ibrc.or.jp</email>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" id="A6"><name><surname>Nakatsuka</surname>
<given-names>Takashi</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="I2">2</xref>
<email>atnakat@ipc.shizuoka.ac.jp</email>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="I1"><label>1</label>
Iwate Biotechnology Research Center, Narita 22-174-4, Kitakami, Iwate 024-0003, Japan</aff>
<aff id="I2"><label>2</label>
Department of Biological and Environmental Science, Graduate School of Agriculture, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2014</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>2</day>
<month>4</month>
<year>2014</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>14</volume>
<fpage>86</fpage>
<lpage>86</lpage>
<history><date date-type="received"><day>27</day>
<month>1</month>
<year>2014</year>
</date>
<date date-type="accepted"><day>20</day>
<month>3</month>
<year>2014</year>
</date>
</history>
<permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright © 2014 Nishihara et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.</copyright-statement>
<copyright-year>2014</copyright-year>
<copyright-holder>Nishihara et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.</copyright-holder>
<license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0"><license-p>This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (
<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0">http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0</ext-link>
), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly credited. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (
<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/">http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/</ext-link>
) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.</license-p>
</license>
</permissions>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2229/14/86"></self-uri>
<abstract><sec><title>Background</title>
<p>Torenia (<italic>Torenia fournieri</italic>
Lind.) is a model plant increasingly exploited in studies in various disciplines, including plant engineering, biochemistry, physiology, and ecology. Additionally, cultivars with different flower colors have been bred and made commercially available. Flower color in torenia is mainly attributed to the accumulation of anthocyanins, but the molecular mechanisms inducing flower color mutations in torenia have not been well elucidated. In this study, we therefore attempted to identify the cause of white coloration in torenia by comparing the white-flowered cultivar Crown White (CrW) with Crown Violet (CrV), a violet-flowered variety.</p>
</sec>
<sec><title>Results</title>
<p>In an expression analysis, no flavanone 3-hydroxylase (<italic>TfF3H</italic>
) transcript accumulation was detected in CrW petals. Sequence analyses revealed that a novel long terminal repeat (LTR)-type retrotransposable element, designated as <italic>TORE1</italic>
(<italic>Torenia</italic>
retrotransposon 1), is inserted into the 5<italic>′</italic>
-upstream region of the <italic>TfF3H</italic>
gene in CrW. A transient expression assay using torenia <italic>F3H</italic>
promoters with or without <italic>TORE1</italic>
insertion showed that the <italic>TORE1</italic>
insertion substantially suppressed <italic>F3H</italic>
promoter activity, suggesting that this insertion is responsible for the absence of <italic>F3H</italic>
transcripts in white petals. Furthermore, a transformation experiment demonstrated that the introduction of a foreign gentian <italic>F3H</italic>
cDNA, <italic>GtF3H</italic>
, into CrW was able to recover pink-flower pigmentation, indicating that <italic>F3H</italic>
deficiency is indeed the cause of the colorless flower phenotype in CrW. Detailed sequence analysis also identified deletion mutations in flavonoid 3′-hydroxylase (<italic>TfF3′H</italic>
) and flavonoid 3′,5′- hydroxylase (<italic>TfF3′5′H</italic>
) genes, but these were not directly responsible for white coloration in this cultivar.</p>
</sec>
<sec><title>Conclusions</title>
<p>Taken together, a novel retrotransposable element, <italic>TORE1,</italic>
inserted into the <italic>F3H</italic>
5′-upstream region is the cause of deficient <italic>F3H</italic>
transcripts in white-flowered torenia, thereby leading to reduced petal anthocyanin levels. This is the first report of a retrotransposable element involved in flower color mutation in the genus <italic>Torenia</italic>
.</p>
</sec>
</abstract>
<kwd-group><kwd><italic>Torenia fournieri</italic>
</kwd>
<kwd><italic>F3H</italic>
</kwd>
<kwd>Muation</kwd>
<kwd>LTR-type retrotransposon</kwd>
<kwd>White flower</kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front>
</pmc>
<affiliations><list><country><li>Japon</li>
</country>
</list>
<tree><country name="Japon"><noRegion><name sortKey="Nishihara, Masahiro" sort="Nishihara, Masahiro" uniqKey="Nishihara M" first="Masahiro" last="Nishihara">Masahiro Nishihara</name>
</noRegion>
<name sortKey="Fujita, Kohei" sort="Fujita, Kohei" uniqKey="Fujita K" first="Kohei" last="Fujita">Kohei Fujita</name>
<name sortKey="Nakatsuka, Takashi" sort="Nakatsuka, Takashi" uniqKey="Nakatsuka T" first="Takashi" last="Nakatsuka">Takashi Nakatsuka</name>
<name sortKey="Saito, Misa" sort="Saito, Misa" uniqKey="Saito M" first="Misa" last="Saito">Misa Saito</name>
<name sortKey="Takahashi, Hideyuki" sort="Takahashi, Hideyuki" uniqKey="Takahashi H" first="Hideyuki" last="Takahashi">Hideyuki Takahashi</name>
<name sortKey="Yamada, Eri" sort="Yamada, Eri" uniqKey="Yamada E" first="Eri" last="Yamada">Eri Yamada</name>
</country>
</tree>
</affiliations>
</record>
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