Morphometric comparisons of Diaphorina citri (Hemiptera: Liviidae) populations from Iran, USA and Pakistan
Identifieur interne : 000417 ( Pmc/Checkpoint ); précédent : 000416; suivant : 000418Morphometric comparisons of Diaphorina citri (Hemiptera: Liviidae) populations from Iran, USA and Pakistan
Auteurs : Mohammadreza Lashkari [Iran] ; Matthew G. Hentz [États-Unis] ; Laura M. Boykin [Australie]Source :
- PeerJ [ 2167-8359 ] ; 2015.
Abstract
The Asian citrus psyllid (ACP),
Url:
DOI: 10.7717/peerj.946
PubMed: 26038715
PubMed Central: 4451024
Affiliations:
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<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Morphometric comparisons of <italic>Diaphorina citri</italic>
(Hemiptera: Liviidae) populations from Iran, USA and Pakistan</title>
<author><name sortKey="Lashkari, Mohammadreza" sort="Lashkari, Mohammadreza" uniqKey="Lashkari M" first="Mohammadreza" last="Lashkari">Mohammadreza Lashkari</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff-1"><institution>Department of Biodiversity, Institute of Science and High Technology and Environmental Sciences, Graduate University of Advanced Technology</institution>
,<addr-line>Kerman</addr-line>
,<country>Iran</country>
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<country xml:lang="fr">Iran</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
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<author><name sortKey="Hentz, Matthew G" sort="Hentz, Matthew G" uniqKey="Hentz M" first="Matthew G." last="Hentz">Matthew G. Hentz</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff-2"><addr-line>Port St. Lucie, Florida</addr-line>
,<country>United States of America</country>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Boykin, Laura M" sort="Boykin, Laura M" uniqKey="Boykin L" first="Laura M." last="Boykin">Laura M. Boykin</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff-3"><institution>The University of Western Australia, Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology and School of Chemistry and Biochemistry</institution>
,<addr-line>Crawley, Perth, Western Australia</addr-line>
,<country>Australia</country>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
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<sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Morphometric comparisons of <italic>Diaphorina citri</italic>
(Hemiptera: Liviidae) populations from Iran, USA and Pakistan</title>
<author><name sortKey="Lashkari, Mohammadreza" sort="Lashkari, Mohammadreza" uniqKey="Lashkari M" first="Mohammadreza" last="Lashkari">Mohammadreza Lashkari</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff-1"><institution>Department of Biodiversity, Institute of Science and High Technology and Environmental Sciences, Graduate University of Advanced Technology</institution>
,<addr-line>Kerman</addr-line>
,<country>Iran</country>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Iran</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hentz, Matthew G" sort="Hentz, Matthew G" uniqKey="Hentz M" first="Matthew G." last="Hentz">Matthew G. Hentz</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff-2"><addr-line>Port St. Lucie, Florida</addr-line>
,<country>United States of America</country>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Boykin, Laura M" sort="Boykin, Laura M" uniqKey="Boykin L" first="Laura M." last="Boykin">Laura M. Boykin</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff-3"><institution>The University of Western Australia, Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology and School of Chemistry and Biochemistry</institution>
,<addr-line>Crawley, Perth, Western Australia</addr-line>
,<country>Australia</country>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
</analytic>
<series><title level="j">PeerJ</title>
<idno type="eISSN">2167-8359</idno>
<imprint><date when="2015">2015</date>
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<front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p>The Asian citrus psyllid (ACP), <italic>Diaphorina citri</italic>
Kuwayama (Hemiptera: Liviidae), vector of citrus greening disease pathogen, Huanglongbing (HLB), is considered the most serious pest of citrus in the world. Prior molecular based studies have hypothesized a link between the <italic>D. citri</italic>
in Iran and the USA (Florida). The purpose of this study was to collect morphometric data from <italic>D. citri</italic>
populations from Iran (mtCOI haplotype-1), Florida (mtCOI haplotype-1), and Pakistan (mtCOI haplotype-6), to determine whether different mtCOI haplotypes have a relationship to a specific morphometric variation. 240 samples from 6 ACP populations (Iran—Jiroft, Chabahar; Florida—Ft. Pierce, Palm Beach Gardens, Port St. Lucie; and Pakistan—Punjab) were collected for comparison. Measurements of 20 morphological characters were selected, measured and analysed using ANOVA and MANOVA. The results indicate differences among the 6 ACP populations (Wilks’ lambda = 0.0376, <italic>F</italic>
= 7.29, <italic>P</italic>
< 0.0001). The body length (BL), circumanal ring length (CL), antenna length (AL), forewing length (WL) and Rs vein length of forewing (RL) were the most important characters separating the populations. The cluster analysis showed that the Iran and Florida populations are distinct from each other but separate from the Pakistan population. Thus, three subgroups can be morphologically discriminated within <italic>D. citri</italic>
species in this study, (1) Iran, (2) USA (Florida) and (3) Pakistan population. Morphometric comparisons provided further resolution to the mtCOI haplotypes and distinguished the Florida and Iranian populations.</p>
</div>
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<pmc article-type="research-article"><pmc-dir>properties open_access</pmc-dir>
<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">PeerJ</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">PeerJ</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="pmc">PeerJ</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">PeerJ</journal-id>
<journal-title-group><journal-title>PeerJ</journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="epub">2167-8359</issn>
<publisher><publisher-name>PeerJ Inc.</publisher-name>
<publisher-loc>San Francisco, USA</publisher-loc>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">26038715</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="pmc">4451024</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">946</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.7717/peerj.946</article-id>
<article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Entomology</subject>
</subj-group>
<subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Taxonomy</subject>
</subj-group>
</article-categories>
<title-group><article-title>Morphometric comparisons of <italic>Diaphorina citri</italic>
(Hemiptera: Liviidae) populations from Iran, USA and Pakistan</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group><contrib id="author-1" contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Lashkari</surname>
<given-names>Mohammadreza</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1">1</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib id="author-2" contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Hentz</surname>
<given-names>Matthew G.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2">2</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib id="author-3" contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name><surname>Boykin</surname>
<given-names>Laura M.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3">3</xref>
<email>lboykin@mac.com</email>
</contrib>
<aff id="aff-1"><label>1</label>
<institution>Department of Biodiversity, Institute of Science and High Technology and Environmental Sciences, Graduate University of Advanced Technology</institution>
,<addr-line>Kerman</addr-line>
,<country>Iran</country>
</aff>
<aff id="aff-2"><label>2</label>
<addr-line>Port St. Lucie, Florida</addr-line>
,<country>United States of America</country>
</aff>
<aff id="aff-3"><label>3</label>
<institution>The University of Western Australia, Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology and School of Chemistry and Biochemistry</institution>
,<addr-line>Crawley, Perth, Western Australia</addr-line>
,<country>Australia</country>
</aff>
</contrib-group>
<contrib-group><contrib id="editor-1" contrib-type="editor"><name><surname>Brady</surname>
<given-names>Sean</given-names>
</name>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<pub-date pub-type="epub" date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2015-05-28"><day>28</day>
<month>5</month>
<year iso-8601-date="2015">2015</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2015</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>3</volume>
<elocation-id>e946</elocation-id>
<history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2015-01-21"><day>21</day>
<month>1</month>
<year iso-8601-date="2015">2015</year>
</date>
<date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2015-04-18"><day>18</day>
<month>4</month>
<year iso-8601-date="2015">2015</year>
</date>
</history>
<permissions><copyright-statement>© 2015 Lashkari et al.</copyright-statement>
<copyright-year>2015</copyright-year>
<copyright-holder>Lashkari et al.</copyright-holder>
<license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"><license-p>This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">Creative Commons Attribution License</ext-link>
, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, reproduction and adaptation in any medium and for any purpose provided that it is properly attributed. For attribution, the original author(s), title, publication source (PeerJ) and either DOI or URL of the article must be cited.</license-p>
</license>
</permissions>
<self-uri xlink:href="https://peerj.com/articles/946"></self-uri>
<abstract><p>The Asian citrus psyllid (ACP), <italic>Diaphorina citri</italic>
Kuwayama (Hemiptera: Liviidae), vector of citrus greening disease pathogen, Huanglongbing (HLB), is considered the most serious pest of citrus in the world. Prior molecular based studies have hypothesized a link between the <italic>D. citri</italic>
in Iran and the USA (Florida). The purpose of this study was to collect morphometric data from <italic>D. citri</italic>
populations from Iran (mtCOI haplotype-1), Florida (mtCOI haplotype-1), and Pakistan (mtCOI haplotype-6), to determine whether different mtCOI haplotypes have a relationship to a specific morphometric variation. 240 samples from 6 ACP populations (Iran—Jiroft, Chabahar; Florida—Ft. Pierce, Palm Beach Gardens, Port St. Lucie; and Pakistan—Punjab) were collected for comparison. Measurements of 20 morphological characters were selected, measured and analysed using ANOVA and MANOVA. The results indicate differences among the 6 ACP populations (Wilks’ lambda = 0.0376, <italic>F</italic>
= 7.29, <italic>P</italic>
< 0.0001). The body length (BL), circumanal ring length (CL), antenna length (AL), forewing length (WL) and Rs vein length of forewing (RL) were the most important characters separating the populations. The cluster analysis showed that the Iran and Florida populations are distinct from each other but separate from the Pakistan population. Thus, three subgroups can be morphologically discriminated within <italic>D. citri</italic>
species in this study, (1) Iran, (2) USA (Florida) and (3) Pakistan population. Morphometric comparisons provided further resolution to the mtCOI haplotypes and distinguished the Florida and Iranian populations.</p>
</abstract>
<kwd-group kwd-group-type="author"><kwd>ACP</kwd>
<kwd>Asian citrus psyllid</kwd>
<kwd>HLB</kwd>
<kwd>Citrus</kwd>
<kwd>Huanglongbing</kwd>
</kwd-group>
<funding-group><award-group id="fund-1"><funding-source>Institute of Science and High Technology and Environmental Sciences</funding-source>
<award-id>7.678</award-id>
</award-group>
<award-group id="fund-2"><funding-source>Graduate University of Advanced Technology</funding-source>
</award-group>
<funding-statement>Financial support (No. 7.678) was provided by the Institute of Science and High Technology and Environmental Sciences, Graduate University of Advanced Technology, Kerman, Iran. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.</funding-statement>
</funding-group>
</article-meta>
</front>
</pmc>
<affiliations><list><country><li>Australie</li>
<li>Iran</li>
<li>États-Unis</li>
</country>
</list>
<tree><country name="Iran"><noRegion><name sortKey="Lashkari, Mohammadreza" sort="Lashkari, Mohammadreza" uniqKey="Lashkari M" first="Mohammadreza" last="Lashkari">Mohammadreza Lashkari</name>
</noRegion>
</country>
<country name="États-Unis"><noRegion><name sortKey="Hentz, Matthew G" sort="Hentz, Matthew G" uniqKey="Hentz M" first="Matthew G." last="Hentz">Matthew G. Hentz</name>
</noRegion>
</country>
<country name="Australie"><noRegion><name sortKey="Boykin, Laura M" sort="Boykin, Laura M" uniqKey="Boykin L" first="Laura M." last="Boykin">Laura M. Boykin</name>
</noRegion>
</country>
</tree>
</affiliations>
</record>
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