Nausea and vomiting in Iranian Traditional Medicine based on Avicenna’s viewpoint
Identifieur interne : 000414 ( Pmc/Checkpoint ); précédent : 000413; suivant : 000415Nausea and vomiting in Iranian Traditional Medicine based on Avicenna’s viewpoint
Auteurs : Mohammad Nazari [Iran] ; Ali Taghizadeh [Iran] ; Hossein Orafaei [Iran] ; Hassan Rakhshandeh [Iran] ; Mojtaba Mousavi Bazzaz [Iran] ; Jafar Shokri [Iran] ; Sadegh Shokri [Iran]Source :
- Electronic Physician [ 2008-5842 ] ; 2015.
Abstract
Nausea and vomiting decrease one’s quality of life significantly, and, despite various treatments, they are still uncontrollable, especially in acute illness. Perhaps it would be useful to search for new concepts and therapies for dealing with these issues at other medical schools. The aim of this research was to elucidate the causes of nausea and vomiting in Iranian Traditional Medicine (ITM) based on Avicenna’s viewpoint in The Book of “Canon of medicine”.
We reviewed the Canon of Medicine and other reference textbooks of ITM to get the experts’ viewpoints, such as Kamel-al-Sanaeh, Al-Havi, and Zakhireh-kharazmshahi, and we searched PubMed, Scopus, Embase, ISI and Science Iranian Database (SID) in November and December 2014 using keywords.
Basic terms associated with nausea and vomiting in ITM are Gha’y (vomiting), Tahavo’a (retching), Gathayan (nausea), and Taghallob-al-nafs (continuous nausea). Different factors can induce these problems with direct or indirect change in the quantity/quality of humors in the body’s systems or the stomach. Treatments are based on the correction of humors and modifications of lifestyle. ITM has recommended medicinal herbs for severe nausea and vomiting. For example, they may be effective in treating chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV).
ITM suggests that almost the nausea and vomiting associated with almost all major diseases originate from abnormalities in either the quantity/quality of humors. The gold standard for managing nausea and vomiting is lifestyle modifications with attention to responsible humors. Some therapeutic protocols in ITM may be applicable today. Perhaps redefining the diseases and updating the expression of these concepts and approaches can lead to the development of complementary and alternative treatments for nausea and vomiting.
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DOI: 10.14661/2015.1047-1053
PubMed: 26120413
PubMed Central: 4477764
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<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Nausea and vomiting in Iranian Traditional Medicine based on Avicenna’s viewpoint</title><author><name sortKey="Nazari, Mohammad" sort="Nazari, Mohammad" uniqKey="Nazari M" first="Mohammad" last="Nazari">Mohammad Nazari</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af1-epj-07-1047"> Assistant Professor, Ph.D. in Iranian Traditional Medicine, School of Iranian Traditional and Complementary Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Iran</country><wicri:regionArea> Assistant Professor, Ph.D. in Iranian Traditional Medicine, School of Iranian Traditional and Complementary Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Mashhad</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Taghizadeh, Ali" sort="Taghizadeh, Ali" uniqKey="Taghizadeh A" first="Ali" last="Taghizadeh">Ali Taghizadeh</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af2-epj-07-1047"> Associate Professor, Department of Oncology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Iran</country><wicri:regionArea> Associate Professor, Department of Oncology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Mashhad</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Orafaei, Hossein" sort="Orafaei, Hossein" uniqKey="Orafaei H" first="Hossein" last="Orafaei">Hossein Orafaei</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af3-epj-07-1047"> Professor in Industrial Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Iran</country><wicri:regionArea> Professor in Industrial Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Mashhad</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rakhshandeh, Hassan" sort="Rakhshandeh, Hassan" uniqKey="Rakhshandeh H" first="Hassan" last="Rakhshandeh">Hassan Rakhshandeh</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af4-epj-07-1047"> Assistant Professor, Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Iran</country><wicri:regionArea> Assistant Professor, Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Mashhad</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bazzaz, Mojtaba Mousavi" sort="Bazzaz, Mojtaba Mousavi" uniqKey="Bazzaz M" first="Mojtaba Mousavi" last="Bazzaz">Mojtaba Mousavi Bazzaz</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af5-epj-07-1047"> Associate Professor, Department of Community Medicine, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences (MUMS), Mashhad, Iran</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Iran</country><wicri:regionArea> Associate Professor, Department of Community Medicine, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences (MUMS), Mashhad</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Mashhad</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Shokri, Jafar" sort="Shokri, Jafar" uniqKey="Shokri J" first="Jafar" last="Shokri">Jafar Shokri</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af6-epj-07-1047"> Master of Theology, Ahwaz Judiciary office, Ahwaz, Iran</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Iran</country><wicri:regionArea> Master of Theology, Ahwaz Judiciary office, Ahwaz</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Ahwaz</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Shokri, Sadegh" sort="Shokri, Sadegh" uniqKey="Shokri S" first="Sadegh" last="Shokri">Sadegh Shokri</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af7-epj-07-1047"> Ph.D. Candidate, School of Iranian Traditional and Complementary Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Iran</country><wicri:regionArea> Ph.D. Candidate, School of Iranian Traditional and Complementary Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Mashhad</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno><idno type="pmid">26120413</idno><idno type="pmc">4477764</idno><idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4477764</idno><idno type="RBID">PMC:4477764</idno><idno type="doi">10.14661/2015.1047-1053</idno><date when="2015">2015</date><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">000049</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Curation">000049</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Checkpoint">000414</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Nausea and vomiting in Iranian Traditional Medicine based on Avicenna’s viewpoint</title><author><name sortKey="Nazari, Mohammad" sort="Nazari, Mohammad" uniqKey="Nazari M" first="Mohammad" last="Nazari">Mohammad Nazari</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af1-epj-07-1047"> Assistant Professor, Ph.D. in Iranian Traditional Medicine, School of Iranian Traditional and Complementary Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Iran</country><wicri:regionArea> Assistant Professor, Ph.D. in Iranian Traditional Medicine, School of Iranian Traditional and Complementary Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Mashhad</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Taghizadeh, Ali" sort="Taghizadeh, Ali" uniqKey="Taghizadeh A" first="Ali" last="Taghizadeh">Ali Taghizadeh</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af2-epj-07-1047"> Associate Professor, Department of Oncology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Iran</country><wicri:regionArea> Associate Professor, Department of Oncology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Mashhad</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Orafaei, Hossein" sort="Orafaei, Hossein" uniqKey="Orafaei H" first="Hossein" last="Orafaei">Hossein Orafaei</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af3-epj-07-1047"> Professor in Industrial Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Iran</country><wicri:regionArea> Professor in Industrial Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Mashhad</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rakhshandeh, Hassan" sort="Rakhshandeh, Hassan" uniqKey="Rakhshandeh H" first="Hassan" last="Rakhshandeh">Hassan Rakhshandeh</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af4-epj-07-1047"> Assistant Professor, Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Iran</country><wicri:regionArea> Assistant Professor, Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Mashhad</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bazzaz, Mojtaba Mousavi" sort="Bazzaz, Mojtaba Mousavi" uniqKey="Bazzaz M" first="Mojtaba Mousavi" last="Bazzaz">Mojtaba Mousavi Bazzaz</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af5-epj-07-1047"> Associate Professor, Department of Community Medicine, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences (MUMS), Mashhad, Iran</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Iran</country><wicri:regionArea> Associate Professor, Department of Community Medicine, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences (MUMS), Mashhad</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Mashhad</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Shokri, Jafar" sort="Shokri, Jafar" uniqKey="Shokri J" first="Jafar" last="Shokri">Jafar Shokri</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af6-epj-07-1047"> Master of Theology, Ahwaz Judiciary office, Ahwaz, Iran</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Iran</country><wicri:regionArea> Master of Theology, Ahwaz Judiciary office, Ahwaz</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Ahwaz</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Shokri, Sadegh" sort="Shokri, Sadegh" uniqKey="Shokri S" first="Sadegh" last="Shokri">Sadegh Shokri</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af7-epj-07-1047"> Ph.D. Candidate, School of Iranian Traditional and Complementary Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Iran</country><wicri:regionArea> Ph.D. Candidate, School of Iranian Traditional and Complementary Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Mashhad</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Electronic Physician</title><idno type="eISSN">2008-5842</idno><imprint><date when="2015">2015</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Background:</title><p>Nausea and vomiting decrease one’s quality of life significantly, and, despite various treatments, they are still uncontrollable, especially in acute illness. Perhaps it would be useful to search for new concepts and therapies for dealing with these issues at other medical schools. The aim of this research was to elucidate the causes of nausea and vomiting in Iranian Traditional Medicine (ITM) based on Avicenna’s viewpoint in The Book of “Canon of medicine”.</p></sec><sec><title>Methods:</title><p>We reviewed the Canon of Medicine and other reference textbooks of ITM to get the experts’ viewpoints, such as Kamel-al-Sanaeh, Al-Havi, and Zakhireh-kharazmshahi, and we searched PubMed, Scopus, Embase, ISI and Science Iranian Database (SID) in November and December 2014 using keywords.</p></sec><sec><title>Results:</title><p>Basic terms associated with nausea and vomiting in ITM are Gha’y (vomiting), Tahavo’a (retching), Gathayan (nausea), and Taghallob-al-nafs (continuous nausea). Different factors can induce these problems with direct or indirect change in the quantity/quality of humors in the body’s systems or the stomach. Treatments are based on the correction of humors and modifications of lifestyle. ITM has recommended medicinal herbs for severe nausea and vomiting. For example, they may be effective in treating chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV).</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion:</title><p>ITM suggests that almost the nausea and vomiting associated with almost all major diseases originate from abnormalities in either the quantity/quality of humors. The gold standard for managing nausea and vomiting is lifestyle modifications with attention to responsible humors. Some therapeutic protocols in ITM may be applicable today. Perhaps redefining the diseases and updating the expression of these concepts and approaches can lead to the development of complementary and alternative treatments for nausea and vomiting.</p></sec></div></front><back><div1 type="bibliography"><listBibl><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Talley, Nj" uniqKey="Talley N">NJ Talley</name></author><author><name sortKey="Devault, Kr" uniqKey="Devault K">KR DeVault</name></author><author><name sortKey="Fleischer, De" uniqKey="Fleischer D">DE Fleischer</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Longo, D" uniqKey="Longo D">D Longo</name></author><author><name sortKey="Fauci, A" uniqKey="Fauci A">A Fauci</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kasper, D" uniqKey="Kasper D">D Kasper</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hauser, S" uniqKey="Hauser S">S Hauser</name></author><author><name sortKey="Jameson, J" uniqKey="Jameson J">J Jameson</name></author><author><name sortKey="Loscalzo, J" 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<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Electron Physician</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">Electron Physician</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Electronic physician</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title>Electronic Physician</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">2008-5842</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Electronic physician</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">26120413</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="pmc">4477764</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.14661/2015.1047-1053</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">epj-07-1047</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Original Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Nausea and vomiting in Iranian Traditional Medicine based on Avicenna’s viewpoint</article-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Nazari</surname><given-names>Mohammad</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="af1-epj-07-1047"><sup>1</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Taghizadeh</surname><given-names>Ali</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="af2-epj-07-1047"><sup>2</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Orafaei</surname><given-names>Hossein</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="af3-epj-07-1047"><sup>3</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Rakhshandeh</surname><given-names>Hassan</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="af4-epj-07-1047"><sup>4</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Bazzaz</surname><given-names>Mojtaba Mousavi</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="af5-epj-07-1047"><sup>5</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>shokri</surname><given-names>Jafar</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="af6-epj-07-1047"><sup>6</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Shokri</surname><given-names>Sadegh</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="af7-epj-07-1047"><sup>7</sup></xref><xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c1-epj-07-1047"></xref></contrib></contrib-group><aff id="af1-epj-07-1047"><label>1</label> Assistant Professor, Ph.D. in Iranian Traditional Medicine, School of Iranian Traditional and Complementary Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran</aff><aff id="af2-epj-07-1047"><label>2</label> Associate Professor, Department of Oncology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran</aff><aff id="af3-epj-07-1047"><label>3</label> Professor in Industrial Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran</aff><aff id="af4-epj-07-1047"><label>4</label> Assistant Professor, Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran</aff><aff id="af5-epj-07-1047"><label>5</label> Associate Professor, Department of Community Medicine, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences (MUMS), Mashhad, Iran</aff><aff id="af6-epj-07-1047"><label>6</label> Master of Theology, Ahwaz Judiciary office, Ahwaz, Iran</aff><aff id="af7-epj-07-1047"><label>7</label> Ph.D. Candidate, School of Iranian Traditional and Complementary Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran</aff><author-notes><corresp id="c1-epj-07-1047">Corresponding author: Dr. Sadegh Shokri, School of Iranian Traditional and Complementary Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. Tel: +98.5138552188, Fax: +98.5138535980, E-mail: <email>Shokris1@mums.ac.ir</email></corresp></author-notes><pub-date pub-type="collection"><season>Apr-Jun</season><year>2015</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>05</day><month>6</month><year>2015</year></pub-date><volume>7</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>1047</fpage><lpage>1053</lpage><history><date date-type="received"><day>04</day><month>1</month><year>2015</year></date><date date-type="accepted"><day>11</day><month>2</month><year>2015</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement>© 2015 The Authors</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2015</copyright-year><license><license-p>This is an open access article under the terms of the <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/">Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs License</ext-link>, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non-commercial and no modifications or adaptations are made.</license-p></license></permissions><abstract><sec><title>Background:</title><p>Nausea and vomiting decrease one’s quality of life significantly, and, despite various treatments, they are still uncontrollable, especially in acute illness. Perhaps it would be useful to search for new concepts and therapies for dealing with these issues at other medical schools. The aim of this research was to elucidate the causes of nausea and vomiting in Iranian Traditional Medicine (ITM) based on Avicenna’s viewpoint in The Book of “Canon of medicine”.</p></sec><sec><title>Methods:</title><p>We reviewed the Canon of Medicine and other reference textbooks of ITM to get the experts’ viewpoints, such as Kamel-al-Sanaeh, Al-Havi, and Zakhireh-kharazmshahi, and we searched PubMed, Scopus, Embase, ISI and Science Iranian Database (SID) in November and December 2014 using keywords.</p></sec><sec><title>Results:</title><p>Basic terms associated with nausea and vomiting in ITM are Gha’y (vomiting), Tahavo’a (retching), Gathayan (nausea), and Taghallob-al-nafs (continuous nausea). Different factors can induce these problems with direct or indirect change in the quantity/quality of humors in the body’s systems or the stomach. Treatments are based on the correction of humors and modifications of lifestyle. ITM has recommended medicinal herbs for severe nausea and vomiting. For example, they may be effective in treating chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV).</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion:</title><p>ITM suggests that almost the nausea and vomiting associated with almost all major diseases originate from abnormalities in either the quantity/quality of humors. The gold standard for managing nausea and vomiting is lifestyle modifications with attention to responsible humors. Some therapeutic protocols in ITM may be applicable today. Perhaps redefining the diseases and updating the expression of these concepts and approaches can lead to the development of complementary and alternative treatments for nausea and vomiting.</p></sec></abstract><kwd-group><kwd>traditional medicine</kwd><kwd>Avicenna</kwd><kwd>humor</kwd><kwd>temperament</kwd><kwd>nausea</kwd><kwd>vomiting</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><floats-group><table-wrap id="t1-epj-07-1047" position="float"><label>Table 1.</label><caption><p>Nausea and vomiting: related etiology, symptoms and signs, and treatments in ITM</p></caption><table frame="box" rules="all"><thead><tr><th valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Etiology</th><th valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Symptoms and signs of disease</th><th valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Treatments</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Safra is produced in the stomach (the most severe type)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Thirst, gastric inflammation, bitter taste and greenish-yellow color of vomited material</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Drugs that extract / suppress the Safra, such as safra monzij/moshil <sup><xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="tfn2-epj-07-1047">**</xref></sup>, avoiding choleric foods, and other lifestyle modifications.</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Balgham is produced in the stomach</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Borborygmi, distention, sweet, salty and insipidus taste and transparent vitreous (zojaji) color of vomited material</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Evacuation of phlegm by balgham monzij/moshil, changing the temperament and phelegmatogen behaviors, avoiding certain foods, and other lifestyle modifications</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Sauda is produced in the stomach</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Borborygmi, stomach and spleen distention, sour taste; black color of vomited material, lack of thirst</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Evacuation of sauda by monzij/moshil, changing the temperament, and melanchogen behaviors, avoiding certain foods, and other lifestyle modifications</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Stomach participation</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Nausea and vomiting are periodic and related to original organ involvement</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Treatments of the original organ and the stomach</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Materials distilled from all or part of the body into the stomach</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">related to the underlying diseases</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Treatment of the underlying diseases</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Spoiling of food into the stomach</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Symptoms and signs of indigestion, maldigestion</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Being aware of the timing of eating, the amounts of foods and beverages consumed, and other lifestyle modifications</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Didan (Parasites)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Gripe (ma’ghs), weak pulse, dry cough, cold extremities, bruxism, low-mass stools, constipation, early hungry, overnight sialorrhea</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Eliminate them with ITM drugs based on the type of worms and lifestyle modifications</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Gastric weakness and other dystemperament</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Related to type of dystemperament and other types of gastric weakness</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Stomach tonics (Moghavviat), temperament correction with ITM protocols, and lifestyle modifications</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Bohran<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="tfn1-epj-07-1047">*</xref></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Related to types of Bohran</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">In good bohran, observation. In bad bohran, treatment related to the type of material being vomited and the patient’s condition</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Watching emetogenic scenes, eating, smells</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Without history of related physical diseases</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Avoiding, relaxation</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Headaches (Soda’a)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Related to types of Soda’a</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Related therapy</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Ghoulanj (colic)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Severe abdominal pain, difficulty in defecation and related to types of Ghoulanj</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Related therapy</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Drugs</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Related to the type of drug and the target organ</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Related to drug type</td></tr></tbody></table><table-wrap-foot><fn id="tfn1-epj-07-1047"><label>*</label><p>Significant changes in disease that occur suddenly; and quickly lead to improvement or deterioration of health (<xref rid="b6-epj-07-1047" ref-type="bibr">6</xref>).</p></fn><fn id="tfn2-epj-07-1047"><label>**</label><p>ITM drug compounds, used in therapy for humoral dysequilibrium.</p></fn></table-wrap-foot></table-wrap></floats-group></pmc><affiliations><list><country><li>Iran</li></country></list><tree><country name="Iran"><noRegion><name sortKey="Nazari, Mohammad" sort="Nazari, Mohammad" uniqKey="Nazari M" first="Mohammad" last="Nazari">Mohammad Nazari</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Bazzaz, Mojtaba Mousavi" sort="Bazzaz, Mojtaba Mousavi" uniqKey="Bazzaz M" first="Mojtaba Mousavi" last="Bazzaz">Mojtaba Mousavi Bazzaz</name><name sortKey="Orafaei, Hossein" sort="Orafaei, Hossein" uniqKey="Orafaei H" first="Hossein" last="Orafaei">Hossein Orafaei</name><name sortKey="Rakhshandeh, Hassan" sort="Rakhshandeh, Hassan" uniqKey="Rakhshandeh H" first="Hassan" last="Rakhshandeh">Hassan Rakhshandeh</name><name sortKey="Shokri, Jafar" sort="Shokri, Jafar" uniqKey="Shokri J" first="Jafar" last="Shokri">Jafar Shokri</name><name sortKey="Shokri, Sadegh" sort="Shokri, Sadegh" uniqKey="Shokri S" first="Sadegh" last="Shokri">Sadegh Shokri</name><name sortKey="Taghizadeh, Ali" sort="Taghizadeh, Ali" uniqKey="Taghizadeh A" first="Ali" last="Taghizadeh">Ali Taghizadeh</name></country></tree></affiliations></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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