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Nitrogen hurdle of host alternation for a polyphagous aphid and the associated changes of endosymbionts

Identifieur interne : 000086 ( Pmc/Checkpoint ); précédent : 000085; suivant : 000087

Nitrogen hurdle of host alternation for a polyphagous aphid and the associated changes of endosymbionts

Auteurs : Yan-Hong Liu [République populaire de Chine] ; Zhi-Wei Kang [République populaire de Chine] ; Ya Guo [République populaire de Chine] ; Guo-Shuai Zhu [République populaire de Chine] ; M. Mostafizur Rahman Shah [République populaire de Chine] ; Yue Song [République populaire de Chine] ; Yong-Liang Fan [République populaire de Chine] ; Xiangfeng Jing [République populaire de Chine] ; Tong-Xian Liu [République populaire de Chine]

Source :

RBID : PMC:4837378

Abstract

Low proportion of essential amino acids (EAAs) is one of the barriers for animals to use phloem as a diet. Endosymbionts with EAAs synthesis functions are considered crucial for ameliorating the lack of EAAs in insects’ diets. In this study, we transferred the insects from a cabbage-reared Myzus persicae population onto 3 new plant species including eggplant, tobacco and spinach. The performance on these plants was evaluated and the dynamics of endosymbionts in relation to this host alternation were recorded. We found that the EAAs ratio in phloem was largely determined by the concentrations of non-essential amino acids and the higher proportion of EAAs seemed to favor the population establishment on new plant species and the growth of primary endosymbionts inside insects, which indicated that nitrogen quality was an important factor for aphids to infest and spread on new plant hosts.


Url:
DOI: 10.1038/srep24781
PubMed: 27094934
PubMed Central: 4837378


Affiliations:


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PMC:4837378

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<p>Low proportion of essential amino acids (EAAs) is one of the barriers for animals to use phloem as a diet. Endosymbionts with EAAs synthesis functions are considered crucial for ameliorating the lack of EAAs in insects’ diets. In this study, we transferred the insects from a cabbage-reared
<italic>Myzus persicae</italic>
population onto 3 new plant species including eggplant, tobacco and spinach. The performance on these plants was evaluated and the dynamics of endosymbionts in relation to this host alternation were recorded. We found that the EAAs ratio in phloem was largely determined by the concentrations of non-essential amino acids and the higher proportion of EAAs seemed to favor the population establishment on new plant species and the growth of primary endosymbionts inside insects, which indicated that nitrogen quality was an important factor for aphids to infest and spread on new plant hosts.</p>
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</TEI>
<pmc article-type="research-article">
<pmc-dir>properties open_access</pmc-dir>
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Sci Rep</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">Sci Rep</journal-id>
<journal-title-group>
<journal-title>Scientific Reports</journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="epub">2045-2322</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name>Nature Publishing Group</publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id pub-id-type="pmid">27094934</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="pmc">4837378</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="pii">srep24781</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1038/srep24781</article-id>
<article-categories>
<subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
<subject>Article</subject>
</subj-group>
</article-categories>
<title-group>
<article-title>Nitrogen hurdle of host alternation for a polyphagous aphid and the associated changes of endosymbionts</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Liu</surname>
<given-names>Yan-Hong</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="a1">1</xref>
<xref ref-type="author-notes" rid="n1">*</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Kang</surname>
<given-names>Zhi-Wei</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="a1">1</xref>
<xref ref-type="author-notes" rid="n1">*</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Guo</surname>
<given-names>Ya</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="a1">1</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Zhu</surname>
<given-names>Guo-Shuai</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="a1">1</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Rahman Shah</surname>
<given-names>M. Mostafizur</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="a1">1</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Song</surname>
<given-names>Yue</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="a1">1</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Fan</surname>
<given-names>Yong-Liang</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="a1">1</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Jing</surname>
<given-names>Xiangfeng</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c1">a</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="a1">1</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Liu</surname>
<given-names>Tong-Xian</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c2">b</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="a1">1</xref>
</contrib>
<aff id="a1">
<label>1</label>
<institution>State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, and Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on the Loess Plateau of Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University</institution>
, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100
<country>China</country>
</aff>
</contrib-group>
<author-notes>
<corresp id="c1">
<label>a</label>
<email>jxf_zb@sina.cn</email>
</corresp>
<corresp id="c2">
<label>b</label>
<email>txliu@nwsuaf.edu.cn</email>
</corresp>
<fn id="n1">
<label>*</label>
<p>These authors contributed equally to this work.</p>
</fn>
</author-notes>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>20</day>
<month>04</month>
<year>2016</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="collection">
<year>2016</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>6</volume>
<elocation-id>24781</elocation-id>
<history>
<date date-type="received">
<day>28</day>
<month>07</month>
<year>2015</year>
</date>
<date date-type="accepted">
<day>31</day>
<month>03</month>
<year>2016</year>
</date>
</history>
<permissions>
<copyright-statement>Copyright © 2016, Macmillan Publishers Limited</copyright-statement>
<copyright-year>2016</copyright-year>
<copyright-holder>Macmillan Publishers Limited</copyright-holder>
<license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">
<pmc-comment>author-paid</pmc-comment>
<license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in the credit line; if the material is not included under the Creative Commons license, users will need to obtain permission from the license holder to reproduce the material. To view a copy of this license, visit
<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</ext-link>
</license-p>
</license>
</permissions>
<abstract>
<p>Low proportion of essential amino acids (EAAs) is one of the barriers for animals to use phloem as a diet. Endosymbionts with EAAs synthesis functions are considered crucial for ameliorating the lack of EAAs in insects’ diets. In this study, we transferred the insects from a cabbage-reared
<italic>Myzus persicae</italic>
population onto 3 new plant species including eggplant, tobacco and spinach. The performance on these plants was evaluated and the dynamics of endosymbionts in relation to this host alternation were recorded. We found that the EAAs ratio in phloem was largely determined by the concentrations of non-essential amino acids and the higher proportion of EAAs seemed to favor the population establishment on new plant species and the growth of primary endosymbionts inside insects, which indicated that nitrogen quality was an important factor for aphids to infest and spread on new plant hosts.</p>
</abstract>
</article-meta>
</front>
<floats-group>
<fig id="f1">
<label>Figure 1</label>
<caption>
<title>Performance of cabbage-reared
<italic>Myzus persicae</italic>
on different plant species.</title>
<p>(
<bold>a</bold>
) Developmental time (days for aphids to reach the adult stage). (
<bold>b</bold>
) Survival rate (percentage of aphids survived to the adult stage). (
<bold>c</bold>
) Adult weight (mg). (
<bold>d</bold>
) Fecundity (the number of offspring laid per adult). (
<bold>e</bold>
) Total longevity (total number of days aphids lived) Different letters above the bars indicate significant difference among different treatments (
<italic>P</italic>
 < 0.05).</p>
</caption>
<graphic xlink:href="srep24781-f1"></graphic>
</fig>
<fig id="f2">
<label>Figure 2</label>
<caption>
<title>Concentrations of individual amino acid and total free amino acids, the proportion of essential amino acids and amino acid composition profiles in the four plant phloem.</title>
<p>(
<bold>a</bold>
) Concentrations of individual free amino acid (μM). (
<bold>b</bold>
) Amino acid composition profiles (PCA). (
<bold>c</bold>
) Concentration of total free amino acids (μM). (
<bold>d</bold>
) Proportion of essential amino acids (mol%). Asterisk or different letters above the error bars indicate significant differences among different treatments (
<italic>P</italic>
 < 0.05, Tukey’s HSD test).</p>
</caption>
<graphic xlink:href="srep24781-f2"></graphic>
</fig>
<table-wrap position="float" id="t1">
<label>Table 1</label>
<caption>
<title>Infection frequencies of two symbionts in
<italic>Myzus persicae</italic>
10 days after transferring to different plant species.</title>
</caption>
<table frame="hsides" rules="groups" border="1">
<colgroup>
<col align="left"></col>
<col align="center"></col>
<col align="center"></col>
</colgroup>
<thead valign="bottom">
<tr>
<th rowspan="2" align="left" valign="bottom" charoff="50">Aphid</th>
<th colspan="2" align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">Infection frequency (%)</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">
<italic>Buchnera aphidicola</italic>
</th>
<th align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">
<italic>Serratia symbiotica</italic>
</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody valign="top">
<tr>
<td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">
<italic>Myzus</italic>
-cabbage</td>
<td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">100</td>
<td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">100</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">
<italic>Myzus</italic>
-eggplant</td>
<td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">100</td>
<td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">100</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">
<italic>Myzus</italic>
-tobacco</td>
<td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">100</td>
<td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">100</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">
<italic>Myzus</italic>
-spinach</td>
<td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">100</td>
<td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">100</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</table-wrap>
<table-wrap position="float" id="t2">
<label>Table 2</label>
<caption>
<title>The relative abundance of endosymbionts referring to
<italic>EF1α</italic>
gene in
<italic>Myzus persicae</italic>
reared on four different plants.</title>
</caption>
<table frame="hsides" rules="groups" border="1">
<colgroup>
<col align="left"></col>
<col align="center"></col>
<col align="center"></col>
</colgroup>
<thead valign="bottom">
<tr>
<th rowspan="2" align="left" valign="bottom" charoff="50">Aphid</th>
<th colspan="2" align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">Relative abundance (2
<sup>−Δ
<italic>C</italic>
t</sup>
)</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">
<italic>Buchnera aphidicola</italic>
</th>
<th align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">
<italic>Serratia symbiotica</italic>
(×10
<sup>−4</sup>
)</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody valign="top">
<tr>
<td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">
<italic>Myzus</italic>
-cabbage</td>
<td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">96.526 ± 8.011 b</td>
<td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">0.408 ± 0.124 b</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">
<italic>Myzus</italic>
-eggplant</td>
<td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">136.881 ± 10.178 a</td>
<td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">2.608 ± 0.438 a</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">
<italic>Myzus</italic>
-tobacco</td>
<td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">143.646 ± 8.737 a</td>
<td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">3.269 ± 0.736 a</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">
<italic>Myzus</italic>
-spinach</td>
<td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">61.193 ± 4.702 c</td>
<td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">0.527 ± 0.098 b</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table-wrap-foot>
<fn id="t2-fn1">
<p>The number of 16S rRNA gene copes in
<italic>B. aphidicola</italic>
and
<italic>S. symbiotica</italic>
is one and seven respectively. Values shown were mean ± SE. Different letters indicate significant difference of symbiont abundance among the four treatments (
<italic>P</italic>
 < 0.05, Tukey’s HSD test).</p>
</fn>
</table-wrap-foot>
</table-wrap>
</floats-group>
</pmc>
<affiliations>
<list>
<country>
<li>République populaire de Chine</li>
</country>
</list>
<tree>
<country name="République populaire de Chine">
<noRegion>
<name sortKey="Liu, Yan Hong" sort="Liu, Yan Hong" uniqKey="Liu Y" first="Yan-Hong" last="Liu">Yan-Hong Liu</name>
</noRegion>
<name sortKey="Fan, Yong Liang" sort="Fan, Yong Liang" uniqKey="Fan Y" first="Yong-Liang" last="Fan">Yong-Liang Fan</name>
<name sortKey="Guo, Ya" sort="Guo, Ya" uniqKey="Guo Y" first="Ya" last="Guo">Ya Guo</name>
<name sortKey="Jing, Xiangfeng" sort="Jing, Xiangfeng" uniqKey="Jing X" first="Xiangfeng" last="Jing">Xiangfeng Jing</name>
<name sortKey="Kang, Zhi Wei" sort="Kang, Zhi Wei" uniqKey="Kang Z" first="Zhi-Wei" last="Kang">Zhi-Wei Kang</name>
<name sortKey="Liu, Tong Xian" sort="Liu, Tong Xian" uniqKey="Liu T" first="Tong-Xian" last="Liu">Tong-Xian Liu</name>
<name sortKey="Rahman Shah, M Mostafizur" sort="Rahman Shah, M Mostafizur" uniqKey="Rahman Shah M" first="M. Mostafizur" last="Rahman Shah">M. Mostafizur Rahman Shah</name>
<name sortKey="Song, Yue" sort="Song, Yue" uniqKey="Song Y" first="Yue" last="Song">Yue Song</name>
<name sortKey="Zhu, Guo Shuai" sort="Zhu, Guo Shuai" uniqKey="Zhu G" first="Guo-Shuai" last="Zhu">Guo-Shuai Zhu</name>
</country>
</tree>
</affiliations>
</record>

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