One Step Forward, Two Steps Back; Xeno-MicroRNAs Reported in Breast Milk Are Artifacts
Identifieur interne : 001E89 ( Ncbi/Merge ); précédent : 001E88; suivant : 001E90One Step Forward, Two Steps Back; Xeno-MicroRNAs Reported in Breast Milk Are Artifacts
Auteurs : Caner Ba C [Turquie] ; Jens Allmer [Turquie]Source :
- PLoS ONE [ 1932-6203 ] ; 2016.
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short RNA sequences that guide post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression via complementarity to their target mRNAs. Discovered only recently, miRNAs have drawn a lot of attention. Multiple protein complexes interact to first cleave a hairpin from nascent RNA, export it into the cytosol, trim its loop, and incorporate it into the RISC complex which is important for binding its target mRNA. This process works within one cell, but circulating miRNAs have been described suggesting a role in cell-cell communication.
Viruses and intracellular parasites like
We acquired the data that supports their claim and performed further analyses. In addition to the reported miRNAs, we were able to detect almost complete mRNAs and found that the foreign RNA expression profiles among samples are exceedingly similar. Inspecting the source of the data helped understand how RNAs could contaminate the samples.
Viewing these findings in context with the difficulties foreign RNAs face on their route into breast milk and the fact that many identified foodborne miRNAs are not from actual food sources, we can conclude beyond reasonable doubt that the original claims and evidence presented may be due to artifacts. We report that the study claiming their existence is more likely to have detected RNA contamination than miRNAs.
Url:
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0145065
PubMed: 26824347
PubMed Central: 4732600
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<front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><sec id="sec001"><title>Background</title>
<p>MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short RNA sequences that guide post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression via complementarity to their target mRNAs. Discovered only recently, miRNAs have drawn a lot of attention. Multiple protein complexes interact to first cleave a hairpin from nascent RNA, export it into the cytosol, trim its loop, and incorporate it into the RISC complex which is important for binding its target mRNA. This process works within one cell, but circulating miRNAs have been described suggesting a role in cell-cell communication.</p>
</sec>
<sec id="sec002"><title>Motivation</title>
<p>Viruses and intracellular parasites like <italic>Toxoplasma gondii</italic>
use miRNAs to manipulate host gene expression from within the cellular environment. However, recent research has claimed that a rice miRNA may regulate human gene expression. Despite ongoing debates about these findings and general reluctance to accept them, a recent report claimed that foodborne plant miRNAs pass through the digestive tract, travel through blood to be incorporated by alveolar cells excreting milk. The miRNAs are then said to have some immune-related function in the newborn.</p>
</sec>
<sec id="sec003"><title>Principal Findings</title>
<p>We acquired the data that supports their claim and performed further analyses. In addition to the reported miRNAs, we were able to detect almost complete mRNAs and found that the foreign RNA expression profiles among samples are exceedingly similar. Inspecting the source of the data helped understand how RNAs could contaminate the samples.</p>
</sec>
<sec id="sec004"><title>Conclusion</title>
<p>Viewing these findings in context with the difficulties foreign RNAs face on their route into breast milk and the fact that many identified foodborne miRNAs are not from actual food sources, we can conclude beyond reasonable doubt that the original claims and evidence presented may be due to artifacts. We report that the study claiming their existence is more likely to have detected RNA contamination than miRNAs.</p>
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<subj-group><subject>Gene expression</subject>
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<title-group><article-title>One Step Forward, Two Steps Back; Xeno-MicroRNAs Reported in Breast Milk Are Artifacts</article-title>
<alt-title alt-title-type="running-head">Xeno-MicroRNAs Reported in Breast Milk Are Artefacts</alt-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Bağcı</surname>
<given-names>Caner</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff001"><sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Allmer</surname>
<given-names>Jens</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff002"><sup>2</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff003"><sup>3</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="corresp" rid="cor001">*</xref>
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<aff id="aff001"><label>1</label>
<addr-line>Department of Biotechnology, Izmir Institute of Technology, Urla, Izmir, Turkey</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff002"><label>2</label>
<addr-line>Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Izmir Institute of Technology, Urla, Izmir, Turkey</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff003"><label>3</label>
<addr-line>Bionia Incorporated, IZTEKGEB A8, Urla, Izmir, Turkey</addr-line>
</aff>
<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="editor"><name><surname>Scaria</surname>
<given-names>Vinod</given-names>
</name>
<role>Editor</role>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="edit1"></xref>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="edit1"><addr-line>CSIR Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, INDIA</addr-line>
</aff>
<author-notes><fn fn-type="conflict" id="coi001"><p><bold>Competing Interests: </bold>
The authors have the following interests: Jens Allmer is employed by Bionia Incorporated. There are no patents, products in development or marketed products to declare. This does not alter adherence to all the PLOS ONE policies on sharing data and materials, as detailed online in the guide for authors.</p>
</fn>
<fn fn-type="con" id="contrib001"><p>Conceived and designed the experiments: JA CB. Performed the experiments: CB JA. Analyzed the data: CB JA. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: JA. Wrote the paper: JA.</p>
</fn>
<corresp id="cor001">* E-mail: <email>jens@allmer.de</email>
</corresp>
</author-notes>
<pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>29</day>
<month>1</month>
<year>2016</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2016</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>11</volume>
<issue>1</issue>
<elocation-id>e0145065</elocation-id>
<history><date date-type="received"><day>4</day>
<month>2</month>
<year>2015</year>
</date>
<date date-type="accepted"><day>25</day>
<month>11</month>
<year>2015</year>
</date>
</history>
<permissions><copyright-statement>© 2016 Bağcı, Allmer</copyright-statement>
<copyright-year>2016</copyright-year>
<copyright-holder>Bağcı, Allmer</copyright-holder>
<license xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"><license-p>This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">Creative Commons Attribution License</ext-link>
, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.</license-p>
</license>
</permissions>
<self-uri content-type="pdf" xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="pone.0145065.pdf"></self-uri>
<abstract><sec id="sec001"><title>Background</title>
<p>MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short RNA sequences that guide post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression via complementarity to their target mRNAs. Discovered only recently, miRNAs have drawn a lot of attention. Multiple protein complexes interact to first cleave a hairpin from nascent RNA, export it into the cytosol, trim its loop, and incorporate it into the RISC complex which is important for binding its target mRNA. This process works within one cell, but circulating miRNAs have been described suggesting a role in cell-cell communication.</p>
</sec>
<sec id="sec002"><title>Motivation</title>
<p>Viruses and intracellular parasites like <italic>Toxoplasma gondii</italic>
use miRNAs to manipulate host gene expression from within the cellular environment. However, recent research has claimed that a rice miRNA may regulate human gene expression. Despite ongoing debates about these findings and general reluctance to accept them, a recent report claimed that foodborne plant miRNAs pass through the digestive tract, travel through blood to be incorporated by alveolar cells excreting milk. The miRNAs are then said to have some immune-related function in the newborn.</p>
</sec>
<sec id="sec003"><title>Principal Findings</title>
<p>We acquired the data that supports their claim and performed further analyses. In addition to the reported miRNAs, we were able to detect almost complete mRNAs and found that the foreign RNA expression profiles among samples are exceedingly similar. Inspecting the source of the data helped understand how RNAs could contaminate the samples.</p>
</sec>
<sec id="sec004"><title>Conclusion</title>
<p>Viewing these findings in context with the difficulties foreign RNAs face on their route into breast milk and the fact that many identified foodborne miRNAs are not from actual food sources, we can conclude beyond reasonable doubt that the original claims and evidence presented may be due to artifacts. We report that the study claiming their existence is more likely to have detected RNA contamination than miRNAs.</p>
</sec>
</abstract>
<funding-group><funding-statement>This study was supported by a grant to JA from the The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK; <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.tubitak.gov.tr/en">http://www.tubitak.gov.tr/en</ext-link>
) with the grant number 113E326. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. Bionia Incorporated provided support in the form of computational resources for author JA, but did not have any additional role in the study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. The specific role of this author is articulated in the 'author contributions' section.</funding-statement>
</funding-group>
<counts><fig-count count="3"></fig-count>
<table-count count="5"></table-count>
<page-count count="17"></page-count>
</counts>
<custom-meta-group><custom-meta id="data-availability"><meta-name>Data Availability</meta-name>
<meta-value>All raw data used is already publicly available and suitable accession numbers are provided in the manuscript. All relevant data from the analysis is provided as supplementary tables.</meta-value>
</custom-meta>
</custom-meta-group>
</article-meta>
<notes><title>Data Availability</title>
<p>All raw data used is already publicly available and suitable accession numbers are provided in the manuscript. All relevant data from the analysis is provided as supplementary tables.</p>
</notes>
</front>
</pmc>
<affiliations><list><country><li>Turquie</li>
</country>
</list>
<tree><country name="Turquie"><noRegion><name sortKey="Ba C, Caner" sort="Ba C, Caner" uniqKey="Ba C C" first="Caner" last="Ba C">Caner Ba C</name>
</noRegion>
<name sortKey="Allmer, Jens" sort="Allmer, Jens" uniqKey="Allmer J" first="Jens" last="Allmer">Jens Allmer</name>
<name sortKey="Allmer, Jens" sort="Allmer, Jens" uniqKey="Allmer J" first="Jens" last="Allmer">Jens Allmer</name>
</country>
</tree>
</affiliations>
</record>
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