Continual learning for agroforestry system design: university, NGO and farmer partnership in Minas Gerais, Brazil
Identifieur interne : 001802 ( Istex/Corpus ); précédent : 001801; suivant : 001803Continual learning for agroforestry system design: university, NGO and farmer partnership in Minas Gerais, Brazil
Auteurs : I. M Cardoso ; I. Guijt ; F. S Franco ; A. F Carvalho ; P. S Ferreira NetoSource :
- Agricultural Systems [ 0308-521X ] ; 2001.
Abstract
This article discusses a long-term participatory process used to develop agroforestry systems in the Zona da Mata, Minas Gerais, Brazil. This area has various characteristics considered appropriate for establishing such systems, which, if well managed, contribute to sustainable land use. In 1993, university researchers, NGO staff and small-scale farmers started to develop agroforestry systems using a participatory process, involving various steps and fine-tuning. In 1994/1995, 39 small experiments were started involving 33 farmers in 11 municipalities. The participatory approach was effective, as almost all the farmers involved continue with their experiments, while others have joined. However, although results in terms of soil conservation are promising, expectations regarding increase in production and reduction of input have not yet been met, causing tensions and forcing adjustments. The benefits and problems encountered during the first 5 years are discussed, in order to highlight the complexity of participatory development of agroforestry systems and the need for their continual development.
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DOI: 10.1016/S0308-521X(01)00028-2
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<record><TEI wicri:istexFullTextTei="biblStruct"><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title>Continual learning for agroforestry system design: university, NGO and farmer partnership in Minas Gerais, Brazil</title><author><name sortKey="Cardoso, I M" sort="Cardoso, I M" uniqKey="Cardoso I" first="I. M" last="Cardoso">I. M Cardoso</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>E-mail: irene.cardoso@bodvru.benp.wau.nl</mods:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Environmental Science, Wageningen University, PO BOX 8005, EC 6700 Wageningen, The Netherlands</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Guijt, I" sort="Guijt, I" uniqKey="Guijt I" first="I" last="Guijt">I. Guijt</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Communication and Innovation Studies, Wageningen University, Hollandseweg 1, 6706 KN Wageningen, The Netherlands</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Franco, F S" sort="Franco, F S" uniqKey="Franco F" first="F. S" last="Franco">F. S Franco</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Forest Engineering, Federal University of Viçosa, 36571 000, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Carvalho, A F" sort="Carvalho, A F" uniqKey="Carvalho A" first="A. F" last="Carvalho">A. F Carvalho</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, Federal University of Viçosa, 36571 000, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ferreira Neto, P S" sort="Ferreira Neto, P S" uniqKey="Ferreira Neto P" first="P. S" last="Ferreira Neto">P. S Ferreira Neto</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Centre for Alternative Technologies of Zona da Mata, Cx. P. 128, 36571 000, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">ISTEX</idno><idno type="RBID">ISTEX:48CE53520556D9FEF47256CA29144B6BB9251AAD</idno><date when="2001" year="2001">2001</date><idno type="doi">10.1016/S0308-521X(01)00028-2</idno><idno type="url">https://api.istex.fr/document/48CE53520556D9FEF47256CA29144B6BB9251AAD/fulltext/pdf</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Istex/Corpus">001802</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title level="a">Continual learning for agroforestry system design: university, NGO and farmer partnership in Minas Gerais, Brazil</title><author><name sortKey="Cardoso, I M" sort="Cardoso, I M" uniqKey="Cardoso I" first="I. M" last="Cardoso">I. M Cardoso</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>E-mail: irene.cardoso@bodvru.benp.wau.nl</mods:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Environmental Science, Wageningen University, PO BOX 8005, EC 6700 Wageningen, The Netherlands</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Guijt, I" sort="Guijt, I" uniqKey="Guijt I" first="I" last="Guijt">I. Guijt</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Communication and Innovation Studies, Wageningen University, Hollandseweg 1, 6706 KN Wageningen, The Netherlands</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Franco, F S" sort="Franco, F S" uniqKey="Franco F" first="F. S" last="Franco">F. S Franco</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Forest Engineering, Federal University of Viçosa, 36571 000, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Carvalho, A F" sort="Carvalho, A F" uniqKey="Carvalho A" first="A. F" last="Carvalho">A. F Carvalho</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, Federal University of Viçosa, 36571 000, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ferreira Neto, P S" sort="Ferreira Neto, P S" uniqKey="Ferreira Neto P" first="P. S" last="Ferreira Neto">P. S Ferreira Neto</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Centre for Alternative Technologies of Zona da Mata, Cx. P. 128, 36571 000, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author></analytic><monogr></monogr><series><title level="j">Agricultural Systems</title><title level="j" type="abbrev">AGSY</title><idno type="ISSN">0308-521X</idno><imprint><publisher>ELSEVIER</publisher><date type="published" when="2001">2001</date><biblScope unit="volume">69</biblScope><biblScope unit="issue">3</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" from="235">235</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" to="257">257</biblScope></imprint><idno type="ISSN">0308-521X</idno></series><idno type="istex">48CE53520556D9FEF47256CA29144B6BB9251AAD</idno><idno type="DOI">10.1016/S0308-521X(01)00028-2</idno><idno type="PII">S0308-521X(01)00028-2</idno></biblStruct></sourceDesc><seriesStmt><idno type="ISSN">0308-521X</idno></seriesStmt></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass><langUsage><language ident="en">en</language></langUsage></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">This article discusses a long-term participatory process used to develop agroforestry systems in the Zona da Mata, Minas Gerais, Brazil. This area has various characteristics considered appropriate for establishing such systems, which, if well managed, contribute to sustainable land use. In 1993, university researchers, NGO staff and small-scale farmers started to develop agroforestry systems using a participatory process, involving various steps and fine-tuning. In 1994/1995, 39 small experiments were started involving 33 farmers in 11 municipalities. The participatory approach was effective, as almost all the farmers involved continue with their experiments, while others have joined. However, although results in terms of soil conservation are promising, expectations regarding increase in production and reduction of input have not yet been met, causing tensions and forcing adjustments. The benefits and problems encountered during the first 5 years are discussed, in order to highlight the complexity of participatory development of agroforestry systems and the need for their continual development.</div></front></TEI><istex><corpusName>elsevier</corpusName><author><json:item><name>I.M Cardoso</name><affiliations><json:string>E-mail: irene.cardoso@bodvru.benp.wau.nl</json:string><json:string>Department of Environmental Science, Wageningen University, PO BOX 8005, EC 6700 Wageningen, The Netherlands</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>I Guijt</name><affiliations><json:string>Department of Communication and Innovation Studies, Wageningen University, Hollandseweg 1, 6706 KN Wageningen, The Netherlands</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>F.S Franco</name><affiliations><json:string>Department of Forest Engineering, Federal University of Viçosa, 36571 000, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>A.F Carvalho</name><affiliations><json:string>Department of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, Federal University of Viçosa, 36571 000, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>P.S Ferreira Neto</name><affiliations><json:string>Centre for Alternative Technologies of Zona da Mata, Cx. P. 128, 36571 000, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil</json:string></affiliations></json:item></author><subject><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>Atlantic Coastal Rainforest</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>Soil</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>On-farm experiments</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>Participation</value></json:item></subject><language><json:string>eng</json:string></language><originalGenre><json:string>Full-length article</json:string></originalGenre><abstract>This article discusses a long-term participatory process used to develop agroforestry systems in the Zona da Mata, Minas Gerais, Brazil. This area has various characteristics considered appropriate for establishing such systems, which, if well managed, contribute to sustainable land use. In 1993, university researchers, NGO staff and small-scale farmers started to develop agroforestry systems using a participatory process, involving various steps and fine-tuning. In 1994/1995, 39 small experiments were started involving 33 farmers in 11 municipalities. The participatory approach was effective, as almost all the farmers involved continue with their experiments, while others have joined. However, although results in terms of soil conservation are promising, expectations regarding increase in production and reduction of input have not yet been met, causing tensions and forcing adjustments. The benefits and problems encountered during the first 5 years are discussed, in order to highlight the complexity of participatory development of agroforestry systems and the need for their continual development.</abstract><qualityIndicators><score>6.86</score><pdfVersion>1.2</pdfVersion><pdfPageSize>544 x 743 pts</pdfPageSize><refBibsNative>true</refBibsNative><keywordCount>4</keywordCount><abstractCharCount>1113</abstractCharCount><pdfWordCount>8181</pdfWordCount><pdfCharCount>54175</pdfCharCount><pdfPageCount>23</pdfPageCount><abstractWordCount>155</abstractWordCount></qualityIndicators><title>Continual learning for agroforestry system design: university, NGO and farmer partnership in Minas Gerais, Brazil</title><pii><json:string>S0308-521X(01)00028-2</json:string></pii><genre><json:string>research-article</json:string></genre><host><volume>69</volume><pii><json:string>S0308-521X(00)X0078-9</json:string></pii><pages><last>257</last><first>235</first></pages><issn><json:string>0308-521X</json:string></issn><issue>3</issue><genre><json:string>journal</json:string></genre><language><json:string>unknown</json:string></language><title>Agricultural Systems</title><publicationDate>2001</publicationDate></host><categories><wos><json:string>AGRICULTURE</json:string><json:string>AGRICULTURE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY</json:string></wos></categories><publicationDate>2001</publicationDate><copyrightDate>2001</copyrightDate><doi><json:string>10.1016/S0308-521X(01)00028-2</json:string></doi><id>48CE53520556D9FEF47256CA29144B6BB9251AAD</id><score>0.14862499</score><fulltext><json:item><original>true</original><mimetype>application/pdf</mimetype><extension>pdf</extension><uri>https://api.istex.fr/document/48CE53520556D9FEF47256CA29144B6BB9251AAD/fulltext/pdf</uri></json:item><json:item><original>false</original><mimetype>application/zip</mimetype><extension>zip</extension><uri>https://api.istex.fr/document/48CE53520556D9FEF47256CA29144B6BB9251AAD/fulltext/zip</uri></json:item><istex:fulltextTEI uri="https://api.istex.fr/document/48CE53520556D9FEF47256CA29144B6BB9251AAD/fulltext/tei"><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title level="a">Continual learning for agroforestry system design: university, NGO and farmer partnership in Minas Gerais, Brazil</title></titleStmt><publicationStmt><authority>ISTEX</authority><publisher>ELSEVIER</publisher><availability><p>©2001 Elsevier Science Ltd</p></availability><date>2001</date></publicationStmt><notesStmt><note type="content">Fig. 1: Morphoclimatic domains of Brazil (adapted from Aziz Ab'Saber, 1969).</note><note type="content">Table 1: Trees and shrubs used in agroforestry systems in Zona da Mata, Minas Gerais, Brazil (listed per family names and species with local names in brackets)</note><note type="content">Table 2: Comparison between conventional coffee and agroforestry, as expressed by a farmer with the two oldest agroforestry systems in Zona da Mata, Minas Gerais, Brazil</note><note type="content">Table 3: Steps in the Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) undertaken in Araponga, Minas Gerais, Brazil</note><note type="content">Table 4: Approach for the adapted Diagnosis and Design (D&D) in two mini watersheds in Araponga, Minas Gerais, Brazil</note><note type="content">Table 5: Steps to consolidate insights into agroforestry in Zona da Mata, Minas Gerais, Brazil</note><note type="content">Table 6: Collective objectives of agroforestry in Araponga (Minas Gerais, Brazil), arranged from most immediately achievable (1) to most long term (9)</note><note type="content">Table 7: Levels of chemical fertiliser and coffee productivity according to a farmer with two agroforestry systems in Zona da Mata (Minas Gerais, Brazil)</note></notesStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct type="inbook"><analytic><title level="a">Continual learning for agroforestry system design: university, NGO and farmer partnership in Minas Gerais, Brazil</title><author xml:id="author-1"><persName><forename type="first">I.M</forename><surname>Cardoso</surname></persName><email>irene.cardoso@bodvru.benp.wau.nl</email><note type="correspondence"><p>Corresponding author. Tel.: +31-317-482337; fax: +31-317-483766</p></note><affiliation>Department of Environmental Science, Wageningen University, PO BOX 8005, EC 6700 Wageningen, The Netherlands</affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-2"><persName><forename type="first">I</forename><surname>Guijt</surname></persName><affiliation>Department of Communication and Innovation Studies, Wageningen University, Hollandseweg 1, 6706 KN Wageningen, The Netherlands</affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-3"><persName><forename type="first">F.S</forename><surname>Franco</surname></persName><affiliation>Department of Forest Engineering, Federal University of Viçosa, 36571 000, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil</affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-4"><persName><forename type="first">A.F</forename><surname>Carvalho</surname></persName><affiliation>Department of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, Federal University of Viçosa, 36571 000, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil</affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-5"><persName><forename type="first">P.S</forename><surname>Ferreira Neto</surname></persName><affiliation>Centre for Alternative Technologies of Zona da Mata, Cx. P. 128, 36571 000, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil</affiliation></author></analytic><monogr><title level="j">Agricultural Systems</title><title level="j" type="abbrev">AGSY</title><idno type="pISSN">0308-521X</idno><idno type="PII">S0308-521X(00)X0078-9</idno><imprint><publisher>ELSEVIER</publisher><date type="published" when="2001"></date><biblScope unit="volume">69</biblScope><biblScope unit="issue">3</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" from="235">235</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" to="257">257</biblScope></imprint></monogr><idno type="istex">48CE53520556D9FEF47256CA29144B6BB9251AAD</idno><idno type="DOI">10.1016/S0308-521X(01)00028-2</idno><idno type="PII">S0308-521X(01)00028-2</idno></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><creation><date>2001</date></creation><langUsage><language ident="en">en</language></langUsage><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>This article discusses a long-term participatory process used to develop agroforestry systems in the Zona da Mata, Minas Gerais, Brazil. This area has various characteristics considered appropriate for establishing such systems, which, if well managed, contribute to sustainable land use. In 1993, university researchers, NGO staff and small-scale farmers started to develop agroforestry systems using a participatory process, involving various steps and fine-tuning. In 1994/1995, 39 small experiments were started involving 33 farmers in 11 municipalities. The participatory approach was effective, as almost all the farmers involved continue with their experiments, while others have joined. However, although results in terms of soil conservation are promising, expectations regarding increase in production and reduction of input have not yet been met, causing tensions and forcing adjustments. The benefits and problems encountered during the first 5 years are discussed, in order to highlight the complexity of participatory development of agroforestry systems and the need for their continual development.</p></abstract><textClass><keywords scheme="keyword"><list><head>Keywords</head><item><term>Atlantic Coastal Rainforest</term></item><item><term>Soil</term></item><item><term>On-farm experiments</term></item><item><term>Participation</term></item></list></keywords></textClass></profileDesc><revisionDesc><change when="2001">Published</change></revisionDesc></teiHeader></istex:fulltextTEI><json:item><original>false</original><mimetype>text/plain</mimetype><extension>txt</extension><uri>https://api.istex.fr/document/48CE53520556D9FEF47256CA29144B6BB9251AAD/fulltext/txt</uri></json:item></fulltext><metadata><istex:metadataXml wicri:clean="Elsevier, elements deleted: ce:floats; body; tail"><istex:xmlDeclaration>version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"</istex:xmlDeclaration><istex:docType PUBLIC="-//ES//DTD journal article DTD version 4.5.2//EN//XML" URI="art452.dtd" name="istex:docType"><istex:entity SYSTEM="gr1" NDATA="IMAGE" name="gr1"></istex:entity></istex:docType><istex:document><converted-article version="4.5.2" docsubtype="fla"><item-info><jid>AGSY</jid><aid>693</aid><ce:pii>S0308-521X(01)00028-2</ce:pii><ce:doi>10.1016/S0308-521X(01)00028-2</ce:doi><ce:copyright type="full-transfer" year="2001">Elsevier Science Ltd</ce:copyright></item-info><head><ce:title>Continual learning for agroforestry system design: university, NGO and farmer partnership in Minas Gerais, Brazil</ce:title><ce:author-group><ce:author><ce:given-name>I.M</ce:given-name><ce:surname>Cardoso</ce:surname><ce:cross-ref refid="AFFA"><ce:sup>a</ce:sup></ce:cross-ref><ce:cross-ref refid="AFFB"><ce:sup>b</ce:sup></ce:cross-ref><ce:cross-ref refid="CORR1">*</ce:cross-ref><ce:e-address>irene.cardoso@bodvru.benp.wau.nl</ce:e-address></ce:author><ce:author><ce:given-name>I</ce:given-name><ce:surname>Guijt</ce:surname><ce:cross-ref refid="AFFC"><ce:sup>c</ce:sup></ce:cross-ref></ce:author><ce:author><ce:given-name>F.S</ce:given-name><ce:surname>Franco</ce:surname><ce:cross-ref refid="AFFD"><ce:sup>d</ce:sup></ce:cross-ref></ce:author><ce:author><ce:given-name>A.F</ce:given-name><ce:surname>Carvalho</ce:surname><ce:cross-ref refid="AFFB"><ce:sup>b</ce:sup></ce:cross-ref></ce:author><ce:author><ce:given-name>P.S</ce:given-name><ce:surname>Ferreira Neto</ce:surname><ce:cross-ref refid="AFFE"><ce:sup>e</ce:sup></ce:cross-ref></ce:author><ce:affiliation id="AFFA"><ce:label>a</ce:label><ce:textfn>Department of Environmental Science, Wageningen University, PO BOX 8005, EC 6700 Wageningen, The Netherlands</ce:textfn></ce:affiliation><ce:affiliation id="AFFB"><ce:label>b</ce:label><ce:textfn>Department of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, Federal University of Viçosa, 36571 000, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil</ce:textfn></ce:affiliation><ce:affiliation id="AFFC"><ce:label>c</ce:label><ce:textfn>Department of Communication and Innovation Studies, Wageningen University, Hollandseweg 1, 6706 KN Wageningen, The Netherlands</ce:textfn></ce:affiliation><ce:affiliation id="AFFD"><ce:label>d</ce:label><ce:textfn>Department of Forest Engineering, Federal University of Viçosa, 36571 000, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil</ce:textfn></ce:affiliation><ce:affiliation id="AFFE"><ce:label>e</ce:label><ce:textfn>Centre for Alternative Technologies of Zona da Mata, Cx. P. 128, 36571 000, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil</ce:textfn></ce:affiliation><ce:correspondence id="CORR1"><ce:label>*</ce:label><ce:text>Corresponding author. Tel.: +31-317-482337; fax: +31-317-483766</ce:text></ce:correspondence></ce:author-group><ce:abstract><ce:section-title>Abstract</ce:section-title><ce:abstract-sec><ce:simple-para>This article discusses a long-term participatory process used to develop agroforestry systems in the Zona da Mata, Minas Gerais, Brazil. This area has various characteristics considered appropriate for establishing such systems, which, if well managed, contribute to sustainable land use. In 1993, university researchers, NGO staff and small-scale farmers started to develop agroforestry systems using a participatory process, involving various steps and fine-tuning. In 1994/1995, 39 small experiments were started involving 33 farmers in 11 municipalities. The participatory approach was effective, as almost all the farmers involved continue with their experiments, while others have joined. However, although results in terms of soil conservation are promising, expectations regarding increase in production and reduction of input have not yet been met, causing tensions and forcing adjustments. The benefits and problems encountered during the first 5 years are discussed, in order to highlight the complexity of participatory development of agroforestry systems and the need for their continual development.</ce:simple-para></ce:abstract-sec></ce:abstract><ce:keywords class="keyword"><ce:section-title>Keywords</ce:section-title><ce:keyword><ce:text>Atlantic Coastal Rainforest</ce:text></ce:keyword><ce:keyword><ce:text>Soil</ce:text></ce:keyword><ce:keyword><ce:text>On-farm experiments</ce:text></ce:keyword><ce:keyword><ce:text>Participation</ce:text></ce:keyword></ce:keywords></head></converted-article></istex:document></istex:metadataXml><mods version="3.6"><titleInfo><title>Continual learning for agroforestry system design: university, NGO and farmer partnership in Minas Gerais, Brazil</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="alternative" contentType="CDATA"><title>Continual learning for agroforestry system design: university, NGO and farmer partnership in Minas Gerais, Brazil</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">I.M</namePart><namePart type="family">Cardoso</namePart><affiliation>E-mail: irene.cardoso@bodvru.benp.wau.nl</affiliation><affiliation>Department of Environmental Science, Wageningen University, PO BOX 8005, EC 6700 Wageningen, The Netherlands</affiliation><description>Corresponding author. Tel.: +31-317-482337; fax: +31-317-483766</description><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">I</namePart><namePart type="family">Guijt</namePart><affiliation>Department of Communication and Innovation Studies, Wageningen University, Hollandseweg 1, 6706 KN Wageningen, The Netherlands</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">F.S</namePart><namePart type="family">Franco</namePart><affiliation>Department of Forest Engineering, Federal University of Viçosa, 36571 000, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">A.F</namePart><namePart type="family">Carvalho</namePart><affiliation>Department of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, Federal University of Viçosa, 36571 000, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">P.S</namePart><namePart type="family">Ferreira Neto</namePart><affiliation>Centre for Alternative Technologies of Zona da Mata, Cx. P. 128, 36571 000, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><typeOfResource>text</typeOfResource><genre type="research-article" displayLabel="Full-length article"></genre><originInfo><publisher>ELSEVIER</publisher><dateIssued encoding="w3cdtf">2001</dateIssued><copyrightDate encoding="w3cdtf">2001</copyrightDate></originInfo><language><languageTerm type="code" authority="iso639-2b">eng</languageTerm><languageTerm type="code" authority="rfc3066">en</languageTerm></language><physicalDescription><internetMediaType>text/html</internetMediaType></physicalDescription><abstract lang="en">This article discusses a long-term participatory process used to develop agroforestry systems in the Zona da Mata, Minas Gerais, Brazil. This area has various characteristics considered appropriate for establishing such systems, which, if well managed, contribute to sustainable land use. In 1993, university researchers, NGO staff and small-scale farmers started to develop agroforestry systems using a participatory process, involving various steps and fine-tuning. In 1994/1995, 39 small experiments were started involving 33 farmers in 11 municipalities. The participatory approach was effective, as almost all the farmers involved continue with their experiments, while others have joined. However, although results in terms of soil conservation are promising, expectations regarding increase in production and reduction of input have not yet been met, causing tensions and forcing adjustments. The benefits and problems encountered during the first 5 years are discussed, in order to highlight the complexity of participatory development of agroforestry systems and the need for their continual development.</abstract><note type="content">Fig. 1: Morphoclimatic domains of Brazil (adapted from Aziz Ab'Saber, 1969).</note><note type="content">Table 1: Trees and shrubs used in agroforestry systems in Zona da Mata, Minas Gerais, Brazil (listed per family names and species with local names in brackets)</note><note type="content">Table 2: Comparison between conventional coffee and agroforestry, as expressed by a farmer with the two oldest agroforestry systems in Zona da Mata, Minas Gerais, Brazil</note><note type="content">Table 3: Steps in the Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) undertaken in Araponga, Minas Gerais, Brazil</note><note type="content">Table 4: Approach for the adapted Diagnosis and Design (D&D) in two mini watersheds in Araponga, Minas Gerais, Brazil</note><note type="content">Table 5: Steps to consolidate insights into agroforestry in Zona da Mata, Minas Gerais, Brazil</note><note type="content">Table 6: Collective objectives of agroforestry in Araponga (Minas Gerais, Brazil), arranged from most immediately achievable (1) to most long term (9)</note><note type="content">Table 7: Levels of chemical fertiliser and coffee productivity according to a farmer with two agroforestry systems in Zona da Mata (Minas Gerais, Brazil)</note><subject><genre>Keywords</genre><topic>Atlantic Coastal Rainforest</topic><topic>Soil</topic><topic>On-farm experiments</topic><topic>Participation</topic></subject><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Agricultural Systems</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="abbreviated"><title>AGSY</title></titleInfo><genre type="journal">journal</genre><originInfo><dateIssued encoding="w3cdtf">200109</dateIssued></originInfo><identifier type="ISSN">0308-521X</identifier><identifier type="PII">S0308-521X(00)X0078-9</identifier><part><date>200109</date><detail type="volume"><number>69</number><caption>vol.</caption></detail><detail type="issue"><number>3</number><caption>no.</caption></detail><extent unit="issue pages"><start>165</start><end>258</end></extent><extent unit="pages"><start>235</start><end>257</end></extent></part></relatedItem><identifier type="istex">48CE53520556D9FEF47256CA29144B6BB9251AAD</identifier><identifier type="DOI">10.1016/S0308-521X(01)00028-2</identifier><identifier type="PII">S0308-521X(01)00028-2</identifier><accessCondition type="use and reproduction" contentType="copyright">©2001 Elsevier Science Ltd</accessCondition><recordInfo><recordContentSource>ELSEVIER</recordContentSource><recordOrigin>Elsevier Science Ltd, ©2001</recordOrigin></recordInfo></mods></metadata><enrichments><istex:catWosTEI uri="https://api.istex.fr/document/48CE53520556D9FEF47256CA29144B6BB9251AAD/enrichments/catWos"><teiHeader><profileDesc><textClass><classCode scheme="WOS">AGRICULTURE</classCode><classCode scheme="WOS">AGRICULTURE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY</classCode></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader></istex:catWosTEI></enrichments><serie></serie></istex></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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