Microbial island biogeography: isolation shapes the life history characteristics but not diversity of root-symbiotic fungal communities.
Identifieur interne : 000890 ( Main/Exploration ); précédent : 000889; suivant : 000891Microbial island biogeography: isolation shapes the life history characteristics but not diversity of root-symbiotic fungal communities.
Auteurs : John Davison [Estonie] ; Mari Moora [Estonie] ; Maarja Öpik [Estonie] ; Leho Ainsaar [Estonie] ; Marc Ducousso [France] ; Inga Hiiesalu [Estonie] ; Teele Jairus [Estonie] ; Nancy Johnson [États-Unis] ; Philippe Jourand [France] ; Rein Kalamees [Estonie] ; Kadri Koorem [Estonie] ; Jean-Yves Meyer [Polynésie française] ; Kersti Püssa [Estonie] ; Ülle Reier [Estonie] ; Meelis P Rtel [Estonie] ; Marina Semchenko [Royaume-Uni] ; Anna Traveset [Espagne] ; Martti Vasar [Estonie] ; Martin Zobel [Estonie]Source :
- The ISME journal [ 1751-7370 ] ; 2018.
Descripteurs français
- KwdFr :
- ADN fongique (composition chimique), Analyse de séquence d'ADN (MeSH), Animaux (MeSH), Biodiversité (MeSH), Caractéristiques du cycle biologique (MeSH), Humains (MeSH), Iles (MeSH), Mycobiome (MeSH), Mycorhizes (classification), Mycorhizes (génétique), Mycorhizes (isolement et purification), Phylogéographie (MeSH).
- MESH :
- composition chimique : ADN fongique, Mycorhizes.
- génétique : Mycorhizes.
- isolement et purification : Mycorhizes.
- Analyse de séquence d'ADN, Animaux, Biodiversité, Caractéristiques du cycle biologique, Humains, Iles, Mycobiome, Phylogéographie.
English descriptors
- KwdEn :
- MESH :
- chemical , chemistry : DNA, Fungal.
- classification : Mycorrhizae.
- genetics : Mycorrhizae.
- isolation & purification : Mycorrhizae.
- Animals, Biodiversity, Humans, Islands, Life History Traits, Mycobiome, Phylogeography, Sequence Analysis, DNA.
Abstract
Island biogeography theory is one of the most influential paradigms in ecology. That island characteristics, including remoteness, can profoundly modulate biological diversity has been borne out by studies of animals and plants. By contrast, the processes influencing microbial diversity in island systems remain largely undetermined. We sequenced arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungal DNA from plant roots collected on 13 islands worldwide and compared AM fungal diversity on islands with existing data from mainland sites. AM fungal communities on islands (even those >6000 km from the closest mainland) comprised few endemic taxa and were as diverse as mainland communities. Thus, in contrast to patterns recorded among macro-organisms, efficient dispersal appears to outweigh the effects of taxogenesis and extinction in regulating AM fungal diversity on islands. Nonetheless, AM fungal communities on more distant islands comprised a higher proportion of previously cultured and large-spored taxa, indicating that dispersal may be human-mediated or require tolerance of significant environmental stress, such as exposure to sunlight or high salinity. The processes driving large-scale patterns of microbial diversity are a key consideration for attempts to conserve and restore functioning ecosystems in this era of rapid global change.
DOI: 10.1038/s41396-018-0196-8
PubMed: 29884829
PubMed Central: PMC6092392
Affiliations:
- Espagne, Estonie, France, Polynésie française, Royaume-Uni, États-Unis
- Angleterre, Grand Manchester, Languedoc-Roussillon, Occitanie (région administrative)
- Manchester, Montpellier
- Université de Manchester
Links toward previous steps (curation, corpus...)
Le document en format XML
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<sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en">Microbial island biogeography: isolation shapes the life history characteristics but not diversity of root-symbiotic fungal communities.</title>
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<author><name sortKey="Moora, Mari" sort="Moora, Mari" uniqKey="Moora M" first="Mari" last="Moora">Mari Moora</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Opik, Maarja" sort="Opik, Maarja" uniqKey="Opik M" first="Maarja" last="Öpik">Maarja Öpik</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Pussa, Kersti" sort="Pussa, Kersti" uniqKey="Pussa K" first="Kersti" last="Püssa">Kersti Püssa</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Semchenko, Marina" sort="Semchenko, Marina" uniqKey="Semchenko M" first="Marina" last="Semchenko">Marina Semchenko</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
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<orgName type="university">Université de Manchester</orgName>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Manchester</settlement>
<region type="nation">Angleterre</region>
<region nuts="2" type="region">Grand Manchester</region>
</placeName>
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<author><name sortKey="Traveset, Anna" sort="Traveset, Anna" uniqKey="Traveset A" first="Anna" last="Traveset">Anna Traveset</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Global Change Research Group, Mediterranean Institute of Advanced Studies, CSIC-UIB, Miquel Marqués 21, Esporles, 07190, Mallorca, Spain.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Global Change Research Group, Mediterranean Institute of Advanced Studies, CSIC-UIB, Miquel Marqués 21, Esporles, 07190, Mallorca</wicri:regionArea>
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<author><name sortKey="Vasar, Martti" sort="Vasar, Martti" uniqKey="Vasar M" first="Martti" last="Vasar">Martti Vasar</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Lai 40, Tartu, 51005, Estonia.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Estonie</country>
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<author><name sortKey="Zobel, Martin" sort="Zobel, Martin" uniqKey="Zobel M" first="Martin" last="Zobel">Martin Zobel</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Lai 40, Tartu, 51005, Estonia.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Estonie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Lai 40, Tartu, 51005</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>51005</wicri:noRegion>
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<series><title level="j">The ISME journal</title>
<idno type="eISSN">1751-7370</idno>
<imprint><date when="2018" type="published">2018</date>
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<profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Animals (MeSH)</term>
<term>Biodiversity (MeSH)</term>
<term>DNA, Fungal (chemistry)</term>
<term>Humans (MeSH)</term>
<term>Islands (MeSH)</term>
<term>Life History Traits (MeSH)</term>
<term>Mycobiome (MeSH)</term>
<term>Mycorrhizae (classification)</term>
<term>Mycorrhizae (genetics)</term>
<term>Mycorrhizae (isolation & purification)</term>
<term>Phylogeography (MeSH)</term>
<term>Sequence Analysis, DNA (MeSH)</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="KwdFr" xml:lang="fr"><term>ADN fongique (composition chimique)</term>
<term>Analyse de séquence d'ADN (MeSH)</term>
<term>Animaux (MeSH)</term>
<term>Biodiversité (MeSH)</term>
<term>Caractéristiques du cycle biologique (MeSH)</term>
<term>Humains (MeSH)</term>
<term>Iles (MeSH)</term>
<term>Mycobiome (MeSH)</term>
<term>Mycorhizes (classification)</term>
<term>Mycorhizes (génétique)</term>
<term>Mycorhizes (isolement et purification)</term>
<term>Phylogéographie (MeSH)</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" type="chemical" qualifier="chemistry" xml:lang="en"><term>DNA, Fungal</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="classification" xml:lang="en"><term>Mycorrhizae</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="composition chimique" xml:lang="fr"><term>ADN fongique</term>
<term>Mycorhizes</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="genetics" xml:lang="en"><term>Mycorrhizae</term>
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<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="génétique" xml:lang="fr"><term>Mycorhizes</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="isolation & purification" xml:lang="en"><term>Mycorrhizae</term>
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</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="en"><term>Animals</term>
<term>Biodiversity</term>
<term>Humans</term>
<term>Islands</term>
<term>Life History Traits</term>
<term>Mycobiome</term>
<term>Phylogeography</term>
<term>Sequence Analysis, DNA</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="fr"><term>Analyse de séquence d'ADN</term>
<term>Animaux</term>
<term>Biodiversité</term>
<term>Caractéristiques du cycle biologique</term>
<term>Humains</term>
<term>Iles</term>
<term>Mycobiome</term>
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<front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">Island biogeography theory is one of the most influential paradigms in ecology. That island characteristics, including remoteness, can profoundly modulate biological diversity has been borne out by studies of animals and plants. By contrast, the processes influencing microbial diversity in island systems remain largely undetermined. We sequenced arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungal DNA from plant roots collected on 13 islands worldwide and compared AM fungal diversity on islands with existing data from mainland sites. AM fungal communities on islands (even those >6000 km from the closest mainland) comprised few endemic taxa and were as diverse as mainland communities. Thus, in contrast to patterns recorded among macro-organisms, efficient dispersal appears to outweigh the effects of taxogenesis and extinction in regulating AM fungal diversity on islands. Nonetheless, AM fungal communities on more distant islands comprised a higher proportion of previously cultured and large-spored taxa, indicating that dispersal may be human-mediated or require tolerance of significant environmental stress, such as exposure to sunlight or high salinity. The processes driving large-scale patterns of microbial diversity are a key consideration for attempts to conserve and restore functioning ecosystems in this era of rapid global change.</div>
</front>
</TEI>
<pubmed><MedlineCitation Status="MEDLINE" IndexingMethod="Curated" Owner="NLM"><PMID Version="1">29884829</PMID>
<DateCompleted><Year>2019</Year>
<Month>04</Month>
<Day>29</Day>
</DateCompleted>
<DateRevised><Year>2019</Year>
<Month>04</Month>
<Day>29</Day>
</DateRevised>
<Article PubModel="Print-Electronic"><Journal><ISSN IssnType="Electronic">1751-7370</ISSN>
<JournalIssue CitedMedium="Internet"><Volume>12</Volume>
<Issue>9</Issue>
<PubDate><Year>2018</Year>
<Month>09</Month>
</PubDate>
</JournalIssue>
<Title>The ISME journal</Title>
<ISOAbbreviation>ISME J</ISOAbbreviation>
</Journal>
<ArticleTitle>Microbial island biogeography: isolation shapes the life history characteristics but not diversity of root-symbiotic fungal communities.</ArticleTitle>
<Pagination><MedlinePgn>2211-2224</MedlinePgn>
</Pagination>
<ELocationID EIdType="doi" ValidYN="Y">10.1038/s41396-018-0196-8</ELocationID>
<Abstract><AbstractText>Island biogeography theory is one of the most influential paradigms in ecology. That island characteristics, including remoteness, can profoundly modulate biological diversity has been borne out by studies of animals and plants. By contrast, the processes influencing microbial diversity in island systems remain largely undetermined. We sequenced arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungal DNA from plant roots collected on 13 islands worldwide and compared AM fungal diversity on islands with existing data from mainland sites. AM fungal communities on islands (even those >6000 km from the closest mainland) comprised few endemic taxa and were as diverse as mainland communities. Thus, in contrast to patterns recorded among macro-organisms, efficient dispersal appears to outweigh the effects of taxogenesis and extinction in regulating AM fungal diversity on islands. Nonetheless, AM fungal communities on more distant islands comprised a higher proportion of previously cultured and large-spored taxa, indicating that dispersal may be human-mediated or require tolerance of significant environmental stress, such as exposure to sunlight or high salinity. The processes driving large-scale patterns of microbial diversity are a key consideration for attempts to conserve and restore functioning ecosystems in this era of rapid global change.</AbstractText>
</Abstract>
<AuthorList CompleteYN="Y"><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Davison</LastName>
<ForeName>John</ForeName>
<Initials>J</Initials>
<Identifier Source="ORCID">http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0161-6195</Identifier>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Lai 40, Tartu, 51005, Estonia. john.davison@ut.ee.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Moora</LastName>
<ForeName>Mari</ForeName>
<Initials>M</Initials>
<Identifier Source="ORCID">http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4819-7506</Identifier>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Lai 40, Tartu, 51005, Estonia.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Öpik</LastName>
<ForeName>Maarja</ForeName>
<Initials>M</Initials>
<Identifier Source="ORCID">http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8025-7460</Identifier>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Lai 40, Tartu, 51005, Estonia.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Ainsaar</LastName>
<ForeName>Leho</ForeName>
<Initials>L</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Lai 40, Tartu, 51005, Estonia.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Ducousso</LastName>
<ForeName>Marc</ForeName>
<Initials>M</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>CIRAD UMR082 LSTM, 34398, Montpellier Cedex 5, France.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Hiiesalu</LastName>
<ForeName>Inga</ForeName>
<Initials>I</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Lai 40, Tartu, 51005, Estonia.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Jairus</LastName>
<ForeName>Teele</ForeName>
<Initials>T</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Lai 40, Tartu, 51005, Estonia.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Johnson</LastName>
<ForeName>Nancy</ForeName>
<Initials>N</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Biological Sciences, School of Earth and Sustainability, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, 86011-5694, USA.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Jourand</LastName>
<ForeName>Philippe</ForeName>
<Initials>P</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>IRD, UMR040 LSTM, 34398, Montpellier, France.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Kalamees</LastName>
<ForeName>Rein</ForeName>
<Initials>R</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Lai 40, Tartu, 51005, Estonia.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Koorem</LastName>
<ForeName>Kadri</ForeName>
<Initials>K</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Lai 40, Tartu, 51005, Estonia.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Meyer</LastName>
<ForeName>Jean-Yves</ForeName>
<Initials>JY</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Délégation à la Recherche de la Polynésie française, Bâtiment du Gouvernement, Avenue Pouvanaa a Oopa, B.P. 20981, 98713, Papeete, Tahiti, French Polynesia.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Püssa</LastName>
<ForeName>Kersti</ForeName>
<Initials>K</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Lai 40, Tartu, 51005, Estonia.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Reier</LastName>
<ForeName>Ülle</ForeName>
<Initials>Ü</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Lai 40, Tartu, 51005, Estonia.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Pärtel</LastName>
<ForeName>Meelis</ForeName>
<Initials>M</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Lai 40, Tartu, 51005, Estonia.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Semchenko</LastName>
<ForeName>Marina</ForeName>
<Initials>M</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Traveset</LastName>
<ForeName>Anna</ForeName>
<Initials>A</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Global Change Research Group, Mediterranean Institute of Advanced Studies, CSIC-UIB, Miquel Marqués 21, Esporles, 07190, Mallorca, Spain.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Vasar</LastName>
<ForeName>Martti</ForeName>
<Initials>M</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Lai 40, Tartu, 51005, Estonia.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Zobel</LastName>
<ForeName>Martin</ForeName>
<Initials>M</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Lai 40, Tartu, 51005, Estonia.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
</AuthorList>
<Language>eng</Language>
<PublicationTypeList><PublicationType UI="D016428">Journal Article</PublicationType>
<PublicationType UI="D013485">Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't</PublicationType>
</PublicationTypeList>
<ArticleDate DateType="Electronic"><Year>2018</Year>
<Month>06</Month>
<Day>08</Day>
</ArticleDate>
</Article>
<MedlineJournalInfo><Country>England</Country>
<MedlineTA>ISME J</MedlineTA>
<NlmUniqueID>101301086</NlmUniqueID>
<ISSNLinking>1751-7362</ISSNLinking>
</MedlineJournalInfo>
<ChemicalList><Chemical><RegistryNumber>0</RegistryNumber>
<NameOfSubstance UI="D004271">DNA, Fungal</NameOfSubstance>
</Chemical>
</ChemicalList>
<CitationSubset>IM</CitationSubset>
<MeshHeadingList><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D000818" MajorTopicYN="N">Animals</DescriptorName>
</MeshHeading>
<MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D044822" MajorTopicYN="N">Biodiversity</DescriptorName>
</MeshHeading>
<MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D004271" MajorTopicYN="N">DNA, Fungal</DescriptorName>
<QualifierName UI="Q000737" MajorTopicYN="N">chemistry</QualifierName>
</MeshHeading>
<MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D006801" MajorTopicYN="N">Humans</DescriptorName>
</MeshHeading>
<MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D062312" MajorTopicYN="N">Islands</DescriptorName>
</MeshHeading>
<MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D000071421" MajorTopicYN="N">Life History Traits</DescriptorName>
</MeshHeading>
<MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D000072761" MajorTopicYN="Y">Mycobiome</DescriptorName>
</MeshHeading>
<MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D038821" MajorTopicYN="N">Mycorrhizae</DescriptorName>
<QualifierName UI="Q000145" MajorTopicYN="Y">classification</QualifierName>
<QualifierName UI="Q000235" MajorTopicYN="N">genetics</QualifierName>
<QualifierName UI="Q000302" MajorTopicYN="N">isolation & purification</QualifierName>
</MeshHeading>
<MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D058974" MajorTopicYN="N">Phylogeography</DescriptorName>
</MeshHeading>
<MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D017422" MajorTopicYN="N">Sequence Analysis, DNA</DescriptorName>
</MeshHeading>
</MeshHeadingList>
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<Month>03</Month>
<Day>29</Day>
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<PubMedPubDate PubStatus="revised"><Year>2018</Year>
<Month>03</Month>
<Day>07</Day>
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<PubMedPubDate PubStatus="pubmed"><Year>2018</Year>
<Month>6</Month>
<Day>10</Day>
<Hour>6</Hour>
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<Month>4</Month>
<Day>30</Day>
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<li>Estonie</li>
<li>France</li>
<li>Polynésie française</li>
<li>Royaume-Uni</li>
<li>États-Unis</li>
</country>
<region><li>Angleterre</li>
<li>Grand Manchester</li>
<li>Languedoc-Roussillon</li>
<li>Occitanie (région administrative)</li>
</region>
<settlement><li>Manchester</li>
<li>Montpellier</li>
</settlement>
<orgName><li>Université de Manchester</li>
</orgName>
</list>
<tree><country name="Estonie"><noRegion><name sortKey="Davison, John" sort="Davison, John" uniqKey="Davison J" first="John" last="Davison">John Davison</name>
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<name sortKey="Ainsaar, Leho" sort="Ainsaar, Leho" uniqKey="Ainsaar L" first="Leho" last="Ainsaar">Leho Ainsaar</name>
<name sortKey="Hiiesalu, Inga" sort="Hiiesalu, Inga" uniqKey="Hiiesalu I" first="Inga" last="Hiiesalu">Inga Hiiesalu</name>
<name sortKey="Jairus, Teele" sort="Jairus, Teele" uniqKey="Jairus T" first="Teele" last="Jairus">Teele Jairus</name>
<name sortKey="Kalamees, Rein" sort="Kalamees, Rein" uniqKey="Kalamees R" first="Rein" last="Kalamees">Rein Kalamees</name>
<name sortKey="Koorem, Kadri" sort="Koorem, Kadri" uniqKey="Koorem K" first="Kadri" last="Koorem">Kadri Koorem</name>
<name sortKey="Moora, Mari" sort="Moora, Mari" uniqKey="Moora M" first="Mari" last="Moora">Mari Moora</name>
<name sortKey="Opik, Maarja" sort="Opik, Maarja" uniqKey="Opik M" first="Maarja" last="Öpik">Maarja Öpik</name>
<name sortKey="P Rtel, Meelis" sort="P Rtel, Meelis" uniqKey="P Rtel M" first="Meelis" last="P Rtel">Meelis P Rtel</name>
<name sortKey="Pussa, Kersti" sort="Pussa, Kersti" uniqKey="Pussa K" first="Kersti" last="Püssa">Kersti Püssa</name>
<name sortKey="Reier, Ulle" sort="Reier, Ulle" uniqKey="Reier U" first="Ülle" last="Reier">Ülle Reier</name>
<name sortKey="Vasar, Martti" sort="Vasar, Martti" uniqKey="Vasar M" first="Martti" last="Vasar">Martti Vasar</name>
<name sortKey="Zobel, Martin" sort="Zobel, Martin" uniqKey="Zobel M" first="Martin" last="Zobel">Martin Zobel</name>
</country>
<country name="France"><region name="Occitanie (région administrative)"><name sortKey="Ducousso, Marc" sort="Ducousso, Marc" uniqKey="Ducousso M" first="Marc" last="Ducousso">Marc Ducousso</name>
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<name sortKey="Jourand, Philippe" sort="Jourand, Philippe" uniqKey="Jourand P" first="Philippe" last="Jourand">Philippe Jourand</name>
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<country name="États-Unis"><noRegion><name sortKey="Johnson, Nancy" sort="Johnson, Nancy" uniqKey="Johnson N" first="Nancy" last="Johnson">Nancy Johnson</name>
</noRegion>
</country>
<country name="Polynésie française"><noRegion><name sortKey="Meyer, Jean Yves" sort="Meyer, Jean Yves" uniqKey="Meyer J" first="Jean-Yves" last="Meyer">Jean-Yves Meyer</name>
</noRegion>
</country>
<country name="Royaume-Uni"><region name="Angleterre"><name sortKey="Semchenko, Marina" sort="Semchenko, Marina" uniqKey="Semchenko M" first="Marina" last="Semchenko">Marina Semchenko</name>
</region>
</country>
<country name="Espagne"><noRegion><name sortKey="Traveset, Anna" sort="Traveset, Anna" uniqKey="Traveset A" first="Anna" last="Traveset">Anna Traveset</name>
</noRegion>
</country>
</tree>
</affiliations>
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