Intra and Inter-Spore Variability in Rhizophagus irregularis AOX Gene.
Identifieur interne : 001523 ( Main/Exploration ); précédent : 001522; suivant : 001524Intra and Inter-Spore Variability in Rhizophagus irregularis AOX Gene.
Auteurs : Catarina Campos [Portugal] ; Hélia Cardoso [Portugal] ; Amaia Nogales [Portugal] ; Jan Svensson [Suède] ; Juan Antonio Lopez-Ráez [Espagne] ; María José Pozo [Espagne] ; Tânia Nobre [Portugal] ; Carolin Schneider [Allemagne] ; Birgit Arnholdt-Schmitt [Portugal]Source :
- PloS one [ 1932-6203 ] ; 2015.
Descripteurs français
- KwdFr :
- Mycorhizes (génétique), Oxidoreductases (génétique), Phylogenèse (MeSH), Plantes (génétique), Plantes (microbiologie), Protéines mitochondriales (génétique), Protéines végétales (génétique), Racines de plante (génétique), Racines de plante (microbiologie), Spores fongiques (génétique), Symbiose (génétique).
- MESH :
- génétique : Mycorhizes, Oxidoreductases, Plantes, Protéines mitochondriales, Protéines végétales, Racines de plante, Spores fongiques, Symbiose.
- microbiologie : Plantes, Racines de plante.
- Phylogenèse.
English descriptors
- KwdEn :
- MESH :
- chemical , genetics : Mitochondrial Proteins, Oxidoreductases, Plant Proteins.
- genetics : Mycorrhizae, Plant Roots, Plants, Spores, Fungal, Symbiosis.
- microbiology : Plant Roots, Plants.
- Phylogeny.
Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are root-inhabiting fungi that form mutualistic symbioses with their host plants. AMF symbiosis improves nutrient uptake and buffers the plant against a diversity of stresses. Rhizophagus irregularis is one of the most widespread AMF species in the world, and its application in agricultural systems for yield improvement has increased over the last years. Still, from the inoculum production perspective, a lack of consistency of inoculum quality is referred to, which partially may be due to a high genetic variability of the fungus. The alternative oxidase (AOX) is an enzyme of the alternative respiratory chain already described in different taxa, including various fungi, which decreases the damage caused by oxidative stress. Nevertheless, virtually nothing is known on the involvement of AMF AOX on symbiosis establishment, as well on the existence of AOX variability that could affect AMF effectiveness and consequently plant performance. Here, we report the isolation and characterisation of the AOX gene of R. irregularis (RiAOX), and show that it is highly expressed during early phases of the symbiosis with plant roots. Phylogenetic analysis clustered RiAOX sequence with ancient fungi, and multiple sequence alignment revealed the lack of several regulatory motifs which are present in plant AOX. The analysis of RiAOX polymorphisms in single spores of three different isolates showed a reduced variability in one spore relatively to a group of spores. A high number of polymorphisms occurred in introns; nevertheless, some putative amino acid changes resulting from non-synonymous variants were found, offering a basis for selective pressure to occur within the populations. Given the AOX relatedness with stress responses, differences in gene variants amongst R. irregularis isolates are likely to be related with its origin and environmental constraints and might have a potential impact on inoculum production.
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0142339
PubMed: 26540237
PubMed Central: PMC4634980
Affiliations:
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wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>EU Marie Curie Chair, ICAAM-Instituto de Ciências Agrárias e Ambientais Mediterrânicas, IIFA-Instituto de Formação e Investigação Avançada, Universidade de Évora, Núcleo da Mitra, Évora, Portugal.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Portugal</country><wicri:regionArea>EU Marie Curie Chair, ICAAM-Instituto de Ciências Agrárias e Ambientais Mediterrânicas, IIFA-Instituto de Formação e Investigação Avançada, Universidade de Évora, Núcleo da Mitra, Évora</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Évora</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cardoso, Helia" sort="Cardoso, Helia" uniqKey="Cardoso H" first="Hélia" last="Cardoso">Hélia Cardoso</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>EU Marie Curie Chair, ICAAM-Instituto de Ciências Agrárias e Ambientais Mediterrânicas, IIFA-Instituto de Formação e Investigação Avançada, Universidade de Évora, Núcleo da Mitra, Évora, Portugal.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Portugal</country><wicri:regionArea>EU Marie Curie Chair, ICAAM-Instituto de Ciências Agrárias e Ambientais Mediterrânicas, IIFA-Instituto de Formação e Investigação Avançada, Universidade de Évora, Núcleo da Mitra, Évora</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Évora</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Nogales, Amaia" sort="Nogales, Amaia" uniqKey="Nogales A" first="Amaia" last="Nogales">Amaia Nogales</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>EU Marie Curie Chair, ICAAM-Instituto de Ciências Agrárias e Ambientais Mediterrânicas, IIFA-Instituto de Formação e Investigação Avançada, Universidade de Évora, Núcleo da Mitra, Évora, Portugal.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Portugal</country><wicri:regionArea>EU Marie Curie Chair, ICAAM-Instituto de Ciências Agrárias e Ambientais Mediterrânicas, IIFA-Instituto de Formação e Investigação Avançada, Universidade de Évora, Núcleo da Mitra, Évora</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Évora</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Svensson, Jan" sort="Svensson, Jan" uniqKey="Svensson J" first="Jan" last="Svensson">Jan Svensson</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Nordic Genetic Resource Center, Alnarp, Sweden.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Suède</country><wicri:regionArea>Nordic Genetic Resource Center, Alnarp</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Alnarp</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lopez Raez, Juan Antonio" sort="Lopez Raez, Juan Antonio" uniqKey="Lopez Raez J" first="Juan Antonio" last="Lopez-Ráez">Juan Antonio Lopez-Ráez</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Soil Microbiology and Symbiotic Systems, Estación Experimental del Zaidín-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (EEZ-CSIC), Granada, Spain.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Soil Microbiology and Symbiotic Systems, Estación Experimental del Zaidín-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (EEZ-CSIC), Granada</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Granada</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pozo, Maria Jose" sort="Pozo, Maria Jose" uniqKey="Pozo M" first="María José" last="Pozo">María José Pozo</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Soil Microbiology and Symbiotic Systems, Estación Experimental del Zaidín-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (EEZ-CSIC), Granada, Spain.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Soil Microbiology and Symbiotic Systems, Estación Experimental del Zaidín-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (EEZ-CSIC), Granada</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Granada</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Nobre, Tania" sort="Nobre, Tania" uniqKey="Nobre T" first="Tânia" last="Nobre">Tânia Nobre</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>EU Marie Curie Chair, ICAAM-Instituto de Ciências Agrárias e Ambientais Mediterrânicas, IIFA-Instituto de Formação e Investigação Avançada, Universidade de Évora, Núcleo da Mitra, Évora, Portugal.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Portugal</country><wicri:regionArea>EU Marie Curie Chair, ICAAM-Instituto de Ciências Agrárias e Ambientais Mediterrânicas, IIFA-Instituto de Formação e Investigação Avançada, Universidade de Évora, Núcleo da Mitra, Évora</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Évora</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Schneider, Carolin" sort="Schneider, Carolin" uniqKey="Schneider C" first="Carolin" last="Schneider">Carolin Schneider</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Inoq GmbH, Solkau, Schnega, Germany.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Inoq GmbH, Solkau, Schnega</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Schnega</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>Schnega</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>Schnega</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Arnholdt Schmitt, Birgit" sort="Arnholdt Schmitt, Birgit" uniqKey="Arnholdt Schmitt B" first="Birgit" last="Arnholdt-Schmitt">Birgit Arnholdt-Schmitt</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>EU Marie Curie Chair, ICAAM-Instituto de Ciências Agrárias e Ambientais Mediterrânicas, IIFA-Instituto de Formação e Investigação Avançada, Universidade de Évora, Núcleo da Mitra, Évora, Portugal.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Portugal</country><wicri:regionArea>EU Marie Curie Chair, ICAAM-Instituto de Ciências Agrárias e Ambientais Mediterrânicas, IIFA-Instituto de Formação e Investigação Avançada, Universidade de Évora, Núcleo da Mitra, Évora</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Évora</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">PloS one</title><idno type="eISSN">1932-6203</idno><imprint><date when="2015" type="published">2015</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Mitochondrial Proteins (genetics)</term><term>Mycorrhizae (genetics)</term><term>Oxidoreductases (genetics)</term><term>Phylogeny (MeSH)</term><term>Plant Proteins (genetics)</term><term>Plant Roots (genetics)</term><term>Plant Roots (microbiology)</term><term>Plants (genetics)</term><term>Plants (microbiology)</term><term>Spores, Fungal (genetics)</term><term>Symbiosis (genetics)</term></keywords><keywords scheme="KwdFr" xml:lang="fr"><term>Mycorhizes (génétique)</term><term>Oxidoreductases (génétique)</term><term>Phylogenèse (MeSH)</term><term>Plantes (génétique)</term><term>Plantes (microbiologie)</term><term>Protéines mitochondriales (génétique)</term><term>Protéines végétales (génétique)</term><term>Racines de plante (génétique)</term><term>Racines de plante (microbiologie)</term><term>Spores fongiques (génétique)</term><term>Symbiose (génétique)</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" type="chemical" qualifier="genetics" xml:lang="en"><term>Mitochondrial Proteins</term><term>Oxidoreductases</term><term>Plant Proteins</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="genetics" xml:lang="en"><term>Mycorrhizae</term><term>Plant Roots</term><term>Plants</term><term>Spores, Fungal</term><term>Symbiosis</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="génétique" xml:lang="fr"><term>Mycorhizes</term><term>Oxidoreductases</term><term>Plantes</term><term>Protéines mitochondriales</term><term>Protéines végétales</term><term>Racines de plante</term><term>Spores fongiques</term><term>Symbiose</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="microbiologie" xml:lang="fr"><term>Plantes</term><term>Racines de plante</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="microbiology" xml:lang="en"><term>Plant Roots</term><term>Plants</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="en"><term>Phylogeny</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="fr"><term>Phylogenèse</term></keywords></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are root-inhabiting fungi that form mutualistic symbioses with their host plants. AMF symbiosis improves nutrient uptake and buffers the plant against a diversity of stresses. Rhizophagus irregularis is one of the most widespread AMF species in the world, and its application in agricultural systems for yield improvement has increased over the last years. Still, from the inoculum production perspective, a lack of consistency of inoculum quality is referred to, which partially may be due to a high genetic variability of the fungus. The alternative oxidase (AOX) is an enzyme of the alternative respiratory chain already described in different taxa, including various fungi, which decreases the damage caused by oxidative stress. Nevertheless, virtually nothing is known on the involvement of AMF AOX on symbiosis establishment, as well on the existence of AOX variability that could affect AMF effectiveness and consequently plant performance. Here, we report the isolation and characterisation of the AOX gene of R. irregularis (RiAOX), and show that it is highly expressed during early phases of the symbiosis with plant roots. Phylogenetic analysis clustered RiAOX sequence with ancient fungi, and multiple sequence alignment revealed the lack of several regulatory motifs which are present in plant AOX. The analysis of RiAOX polymorphisms in single spores of three different isolates showed a reduced variability in one spore relatively to a group of spores. A high number of polymorphisms occurred in introns; nevertheless, some putative amino acid changes resulting from non-synonymous variants were found, offering a basis for selective pressure to occur within the populations. Given the AOX relatedness with stress responses, differences in gene variants amongst R. irregularis isolates are likely to be related with its origin and environmental constraints and might have a potential impact on inoculum production. </div></front></TEI><pubmed><MedlineCitation Status="MEDLINE" Owner="NLM"><PMID Version="1">26540237</PMID><DateCompleted><Year>2016</Year><Month>06</Month><Day>14</Day></DateCompleted><DateRevised><Year>2020</Year><Month>03</Month><Day>06</Day></DateRevised><Article PubModel="Electronic-eCollection"><Journal><ISSN IssnType="Electronic">1932-6203</ISSN><JournalIssue CitedMedium="Internet"><Volume>10</Volume><Issue>11</Issue><PubDate><Year>2015</Year></PubDate></JournalIssue><Title>PloS one</Title><ISOAbbreviation>PLoS One</ISOAbbreviation></Journal><ArticleTitle>Intra and Inter-Spore Variability in Rhizophagus irregularis AOX Gene.</ArticleTitle><Pagination><MedlinePgn>e0142339</MedlinePgn></Pagination><ELocationID EIdType="doi" ValidYN="Y">10.1371/journal.pone.0142339</ELocationID><Abstract><AbstractText>Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are root-inhabiting fungi that form mutualistic symbioses with their host plants. AMF symbiosis improves nutrient uptake and buffers the plant against a diversity of stresses. Rhizophagus irregularis is one of the most widespread AMF species in the world, and its application in agricultural systems for yield improvement has increased over the last years. Still, from the inoculum production perspective, a lack of consistency of inoculum quality is referred to, which partially may be due to a high genetic variability of the fungus. The alternative oxidase (AOX) is an enzyme of the alternative respiratory chain already described in different taxa, including various fungi, which decreases the damage caused by oxidative stress. Nevertheless, virtually nothing is known on the involvement of AMF AOX on symbiosis establishment, as well on the existence of AOX variability that could affect AMF effectiveness and consequently plant performance. Here, we report the isolation and characterisation of the AOX gene of R. irregularis (RiAOX), and show that it is highly expressed during early phases of the symbiosis with plant roots. Phylogenetic analysis clustered RiAOX sequence with ancient fungi, and multiple sequence alignment revealed the lack of several regulatory motifs which are present in plant AOX. The analysis of RiAOX polymorphisms in single spores of three different isolates showed a reduced variability in one spore relatively to a group of spores. A high number of polymorphisms occurred in introns; nevertheless, some putative amino acid changes resulting from non-synonymous variants were found, offering a basis for selective pressure to occur within the populations. Given the AOX relatedness with stress responses, differences in gene variants amongst R. irregularis isolates are likely to be related with its origin and environmental constraints and might have a potential impact on inoculum production. </AbstractText></Abstract><AuthorList CompleteYN="Y"><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Campos</LastName><ForeName>Catarina</ForeName><Initials>C</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>EU Marie Curie Chair, ICAAM-Instituto de Ciências Agrárias e Ambientais Mediterrânicas, IIFA-Instituto de Formação e Investigação Avançada, Universidade de Évora, Núcleo da Mitra, Évora, Portugal.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Cardoso</LastName><ForeName>Hélia</ForeName><Initials>H</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>EU Marie Curie Chair, ICAAM-Instituto de Ciências Agrárias e Ambientais Mediterrânicas, IIFA-Instituto de Formação e Investigação Avançada, Universidade de Évora, Núcleo da Mitra, Évora, Portugal.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Nogales</LastName><ForeName>Amaia</ForeName><Initials>A</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>EU Marie Curie Chair, ICAAM-Instituto de Ciências Agrárias e Ambientais Mediterrânicas, IIFA-Instituto de Formação e Investigação Avançada, Universidade de Évora, Núcleo da Mitra, Évora, Portugal.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Svensson</LastName><ForeName>Jan</ForeName><Initials>J</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Nordic Genetic Resource Center, Alnarp, Sweden.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Lopez-Ráez</LastName><ForeName>Juan Antonio</ForeName><Initials>JA</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Soil Microbiology and Symbiotic Systems, Estación Experimental del Zaidín-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (EEZ-CSIC), Granada, Spain.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Pozo</LastName><ForeName>María José</ForeName><Initials>MJ</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Soil Microbiology and Symbiotic Systems, Estación Experimental del Zaidín-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (EEZ-CSIC), Granada, Spain.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Nobre</LastName><ForeName>Tânia</ForeName><Initials>T</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>EU Marie Curie Chair, ICAAM-Instituto de Ciências Agrárias e Ambientais Mediterrânicas, IIFA-Instituto de Formação e Investigação Avançada, Universidade de Évora, Núcleo da Mitra, Évora, Portugal.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Schneider</LastName><ForeName>Carolin</ForeName><Initials>C</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Inoq GmbH, Solkau, Schnega, Germany.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Arnholdt-Schmitt</LastName><ForeName>Birgit</ForeName><Initials>B</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>EU Marie Curie Chair, ICAAM-Instituto de Ciências Agrárias e Ambientais Mediterrânicas, IIFA-Instituto de Formação e Investigação Avançada, Universidade de Évora, Núcleo da Mitra, Évora, Portugal.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author></AuthorList><Language>eng</Language><PublicationTypeList><PublicationType UI="D016428">Journal Article</PublicationType><PublicationType UI="D013485">Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't</PublicationType></PublicationTypeList><ArticleDate DateType="Electronic"><Year>2015</Year><Month>11</Month><Day>05</Day></ArticleDate></Article><MedlineJournalInfo><Country>United States</Country><MedlineTA>PLoS One</MedlineTA><NlmUniqueID>101285081</NlmUniqueID><ISSNLinking>1932-6203</ISSNLinking></MedlineJournalInfo><ChemicalList><Chemical><RegistryNumber>0</RegistryNumber><NameOfSubstance UI="D024101">Mitochondrial 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