The genome of Laccaria bicolor provides insights into mycorrhizal symbiosis.
Identifieur interne : 002D27 ( Main/Corpus ); précédent : 002D26; suivant : 002D28The genome of Laccaria bicolor provides insights into mycorrhizal symbiosis.
Auteurs : F. Martin ; A. Aerts ; D. Ahrén ; A. Brun ; E G J. Danchin ; F. Duchaussoy ; J. Gibon ; A. Kohler ; E. Lindquist ; V. Pereda ; A. Salamov ; H J Shapiro ; J. Wuyts ; D. Blaudez ; M. Buée ; P. Brokstein ; B. Canb Ck ; D. Cohen ; P E Courty ; P M Coutinho ; C. Delaruelle ; J C Detter ; A. Deveau ; S. Difazio ; S. Duplessis ; L. Fraissinet-Tachet ; E. Lucic ; P. Frey-Klett ; C. Fourrey ; I. Feussner ; G. Gay ; J. Grimwood ; P J Hoegger ; P. Jain ; S. Kilaru ; J. Labbé ; Y C Lin ; V. Legué ; F. Le Tacon ; R. Marmeisse ; D. Melayah ; B. Montanini ; M. Muratet ; U. Nehls ; H. Niculita-Hirzel ; M P Oudot-Le Secq ; M. Peter ; H. Quesneville ; B. Rajashekar ; M. Reich ; N. Rouhier ; J. Schmutz ; T. Yin ; M. Chalot ; B. Henrissat ; U. Kües ; S. Lucas ; Y. Van De Peer ; G K Podila ; A. Polle ; P J Pukkila ; P M Richardson ; P. Rouzé ; I R Sanders ; J E Stajich ; A. Tunlid ; G. Tuskan ; I V GrigorievSource :
- Nature [ 1476-4687 ] ; 2008.
English descriptors
- KwdEn :
- Abies (microbiology), Abies (physiology), Basidiomycota (enzymology), Basidiomycota (genetics), Basidiomycota (physiology), Fungal Proteins (classification), Fungal Proteins (genetics), Fungal Proteins (metabolism), Gene Expression Regulation (MeSH), Genes, Fungal (genetics), Genome, Fungal (genetics), Hyphae (genetics), Hyphae (metabolism), Mycorrhizae (enzymology), Mycorrhizae (genetics), Mycorrhizae (physiology), Plant Roots (microbiology), Plant Roots (physiology), Symbiosis (genetics), Symbiosis (physiology).
- MESH :
- chemical , classification : Fungal Proteins.
- enzymology : Basidiomycota, Mycorrhizae.
- genetics : Basidiomycota, Fungal Proteins, Genes, Fungal, Genome, Fungal, Hyphae, Mycorrhizae, Symbiosis.
- chemical , metabolism : Fungal Proteins, Hyphae.
- microbiology : Abies, Plant Roots.
- physiology : Abies, Basidiomycota, Mycorrhizae, Plant Roots, Symbiosis.
- Gene Expression Regulation.
Abstract
Mycorrhizal symbioses--the union of roots and soil fungi--are universal in terrestrial ecosystems and may have been fundamental to land colonization by plants. Boreal, temperate and montane forests all depend on ectomycorrhizae. Identification of the primary factors that regulate symbiotic development and metabolic activity will therefore open the door to understanding the role of ectomycorrhizae in plant development and physiology, allowing the full ecological significance of this symbiosis to be explored. Here we report the genome sequence of the ectomycorrhizal basidiomycete Laccaria bicolor (Fig. 1) and highlight gene sets involved in rhizosphere colonization and symbiosis. This 65-megabase genome assembly contains approximately 20,000 predicted protein-encoding genes and a very large number of transposons and repeated sequences. We detected unexpected genomic features, most notably a battery of effector-type small secreted proteins (SSPs) with unknown function, several of which are only expressed in symbiotic tissues. The most highly expressed SSP accumulates in the proliferating hyphae colonizing the host root. The ectomycorrhizae-specific SSPs probably have a decisive role in the establishment of the symbiosis. The unexpected observation that the genome of L. bicolor lacks carbohydrate-active enzymes involved in degradation of plant cell walls, but maintains the ability to degrade non-plant cell wall polysaccharides, reveals the dual saprotrophic and biotrophic lifestyle of the mycorrhizal fungus that enables it to grow within both soil and living plant roots. The predicted gene inventory of the L. bicolor genome, therefore, points to previously unknown mechanisms of symbiosis operating in biotrophic mycorrhizal fungi. The availability of this genome provides an unparalleled opportunity to develop a deeper understanding of the processes by which symbionts interact with plants within their ecosystem to perform vital functions in the carbon and nitrogen cycles that are fundamental to sustainable plant productivity.
DOI: 10.1038/nature06556
PubMed: 18322534
Links to Exploration step
pubmed:18322534Le document en format XML
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Polle</name></author><author><name sortKey="Pukkila, P J" sort="Pukkila, P J" uniqKey="Pukkila P" first="P J" last="Pukkila">P J Pukkila</name></author><author><name sortKey="Richardson, P M" sort="Richardson, P M" uniqKey="Richardson P" first="P M" last="Richardson">P M Richardson</name></author><author><name sortKey="Rouze, P" sort="Rouze, P" uniqKey="Rouze P" first="P" last="Rouzé">P. Rouzé</name></author><author><name sortKey="Sanders, I R" sort="Sanders, I R" uniqKey="Sanders I" first="I R" last="Sanders">I R Sanders</name></author><author><name sortKey="Stajich, J E" sort="Stajich, J E" uniqKey="Stajich J" first="J E" last="Stajich">J E Stajich</name></author><author><name sortKey="Tunlid, A" sort="Tunlid, A" uniqKey="Tunlid A" first="A" last="Tunlid">A. Tunlid</name></author><author><name sortKey="Tuskan, G" sort="Tuskan, G" uniqKey="Tuskan G" first="G" last="Tuskan">G. Tuskan</name></author><author><name sortKey="Grigoriev, I V" sort="Grigoriev, I V" uniqKey="Grigoriev I" first="I V" last="Grigoriev">I V Grigoriev</name></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PubMed</idno><date when="2008">2008</date><idno type="RBID">pubmed:18322534</idno><idno type="pmid">18322534</idno><idno type="doi">10.1038/nature06556</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Corpus">002D27</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Main" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PubMed">002D27</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en">The genome of Laccaria bicolor provides insights into mycorrhizal symbiosis.</title><author><name sortKey="Martin, F" sort="Martin, F" uniqKey="Martin F" first="F" last="Martin">F. Martin</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>UMR 1136, INRA-Nancy Université, Interactions Arbres/Microorganismes, INRA-Nancy, 54280 Champenoux, France. fmartin@nancy.inra.fr</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Aerts, A" sort="Aerts, A" uniqKey="Aerts A" first="A" last="Aerts">A. Aerts</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ahren, D" sort="Ahren, D" uniqKey="Ahren D" first="D" last="Ahrén">D. Ahrén</name></author><author><name sortKey="Brun, A" sort="Brun, A" uniqKey="Brun A" first="A" last="Brun">A. Brun</name></author><author><name sortKey="Danchin, E G J" sort="Danchin, E G J" uniqKey="Danchin E" first="E G J" last="Danchin">E G J. Danchin</name></author><author><name sortKey="Duchaussoy, F" sort="Duchaussoy, F" uniqKey="Duchaussoy F" first="F" last="Duchaussoy">F. Duchaussoy</name></author><author><name sortKey="Gibon, J" sort="Gibon, J" uniqKey="Gibon J" first="J" last="Gibon">J. Gibon</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kohler, A" sort="Kohler, A" uniqKey="Kohler A" first="A" last="Kohler">A. Kohler</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lindquist, E" sort="Lindquist, E" uniqKey="Lindquist E" first="E" last="Lindquist">E. Lindquist</name></author><author><name sortKey="Pereda, V" sort="Pereda, V" uniqKey="Pereda V" first="V" last="Pereda">V. Pereda</name></author><author><name sortKey="Salamov, A" sort="Salamov, A" uniqKey="Salamov A" first="A" last="Salamov">A. Salamov</name></author><author><name sortKey="Shapiro, H J" sort="Shapiro, H J" uniqKey="Shapiro H" first="H J" last="Shapiro">H J Shapiro</name></author><author><name sortKey="Wuyts, J" sort="Wuyts, J" uniqKey="Wuyts J" first="J" last="Wuyts">J. Wuyts</name></author><author><name sortKey="Blaudez, D" sort="Blaudez, D" uniqKey="Blaudez D" first="D" last="Blaudez">D. Blaudez</name></author><author><name sortKey="Buee, M" sort="Buee, M" uniqKey="Buee M" first="M" last="Buée">M. Buée</name></author><author><name sortKey="Brokstein, P" sort="Brokstein, P" uniqKey="Brokstein P" first="P" last="Brokstein">P. Brokstein</name></author><author><name sortKey="Canb Ck, B" sort="Canb Ck, B" uniqKey="Canb Ck B" first="B" last="Canb Ck">B. Canb Ck</name></author><author><name sortKey="Cohen, D" sort="Cohen, D" uniqKey="Cohen D" first="D" last="Cohen">D. Cohen</name></author><author><name sortKey="Courty, P E" sort="Courty, P E" uniqKey="Courty P" first="P E" last="Courty">P E Courty</name></author><author><name sortKey="Coutinho, P M" sort="Coutinho, P M" uniqKey="Coutinho P" first="P M" last="Coutinho">P M Coutinho</name></author><author><name sortKey="Delaruelle, C" sort="Delaruelle, C" uniqKey="Delaruelle C" first="C" last="Delaruelle">C. Delaruelle</name></author><author><name sortKey="Detter, J C" sort="Detter, J C" uniqKey="Detter J" first="J C" last="Detter">J C Detter</name></author><author><name sortKey="Deveau, A" sort="Deveau, A" uniqKey="Deveau A" first="A" last="Deveau">A. Deveau</name></author><author><name sortKey="Difazio, S" sort="Difazio, S" uniqKey="Difazio S" first="S" last="Difazio">S. Difazio</name></author><author><name sortKey="Duplessis, S" sort="Duplessis, S" uniqKey="Duplessis S" first="S" last="Duplessis">S. Duplessis</name></author><author><name sortKey="Fraissinet Tachet, L" sort="Fraissinet Tachet, L" uniqKey="Fraissinet Tachet L" first="L" last="Fraissinet-Tachet">L. Fraissinet-Tachet</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lucic, E" sort="Lucic, E" uniqKey="Lucic E" first="E" last="Lucic">E. Lucic</name></author><author><name sortKey="Frey Klett, P" sort="Frey Klett, P" uniqKey="Frey Klett P" first="P" last="Frey-Klett">P. Frey-Klett</name></author><author><name sortKey="Fourrey, C" sort="Fourrey, C" uniqKey="Fourrey C" first="C" last="Fourrey">C. Fourrey</name></author><author><name sortKey="Feussner, I" sort="Feussner, I" uniqKey="Feussner I" first="I" last="Feussner">I. Feussner</name></author><author><name sortKey="Gay, G" sort="Gay, G" uniqKey="Gay G" first="G" last="Gay">G. Gay</name></author><author><name sortKey="Grimwood, J" sort="Grimwood, J" uniqKey="Grimwood J" first="J" last="Grimwood">J. Grimwood</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hoegger, P J" sort="Hoegger, P J" uniqKey="Hoegger P" first="P J" last="Hoegger">P J Hoegger</name></author><author><name sortKey="Jain, P" sort="Jain, P" uniqKey="Jain P" first="P" last="Jain">P. Jain</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kilaru, S" sort="Kilaru, S" uniqKey="Kilaru S" first="S" last="Kilaru">S. Kilaru</name></author><author><name sortKey="Labbe, J" sort="Labbe, J" uniqKey="Labbe J" first="J" last="Labbé">J. Labbé</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lin, Y C" sort="Lin, Y C" uniqKey="Lin Y" first="Y C" last="Lin">Y C Lin</name></author><author><name sortKey="Legue, V" sort="Legue, V" uniqKey="Legue V" first="V" last="Legué">V. Legué</name></author><author><name sortKey="Le Tacon, F" sort="Le Tacon, F" uniqKey="Le Tacon F" first="F" last="Le Tacon">F. Le Tacon</name></author><author><name sortKey="Marmeisse, R" sort="Marmeisse, R" uniqKey="Marmeisse R" first="R" last="Marmeisse">R. Marmeisse</name></author><author><name sortKey="Melayah, D" sort="Melayah, D" uniqKey="Melayah D" first="D" last="Melayah">D. Melayah</name></author><author><name sortKey="Montanini, B" sort="Montanini, B" uniqKey="Montanini B" first="B" last="Montanini">B. Montanini</name></author><author><name sortKey="Muratet, M" sort="Muratet, M" uniqKey="Muratet M" first="M" last="Muratet">M. Muratet</name></author><author><name sortKey="Nehls, U" sort="Nehls, U" uniqKey="Nehls U" first="U" last="Nehls">U. Nehls</name></author><author><name sortKey="Niculita Hirzel, H" sort="Niculita Hirzel, H" uniqKey="Niculita Hirzel H" first="H" last="Niculita-Hirzel">H. Niculita-Hirzel</name></author><author><name sortKey="Oudot Le Secq, M P" sort="Oudot Le Secq, M P" uniqKey="Oudot Le Secq M" first="M P" last="Oudot-Le Secq">M P Oudot-Le Secq</name></author><author><name sortKey="Peter, M" sort="Peter, M" uniqKey="Peter M" first="M" last="Peter">M. Peter</name></author><author><name sortKey="Quesneville, H" sort="Quesneville, H" uniqKey="Quesneville H" first="H" last="Quesneville">H. Quesneville</name></author><author><name sortKey="Rajashekar, B" sort="Rajashekar, B" uniqKey="Rajashekar B" first="B" last="Rajashekar">B. Rajashekar</name></author><author><name sortKey="Reich, M" sort="Reich, M" uniqKey="Reich M" first="M" last="Reich">M. Reich</name></author><author><name sortKey="Rouhier, N" sort="Rouhier, N" uniqKey="Rouhier N" first="N" last="Rouhier">N. Rouhier</name></author><author><name sortKey="Schmutz, J" sort="Schmutz, J" uniqKey="Schmutz J" first="J" last="Schmutz">J. Schmutz</name></author><author><name sortKey="Yin, T" sort="Yin, T" uniqKey="Yin T" first="T" last="Yin">T. Yin</name></author><author><name sortKey="Chalot, M" sort="Chalot, M" uniqKey="Chalot M" first="M" last="Chalot">M. Chalot</name></author><author><name sortKey="Henrissat, B" sort="Henrissat, B" uniqKey="Henrissat B" first="B" last="Henrissat">B. Henrissat</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kues, U" sort="Kues, U" uniqKey="Kues U" first="U" last="Kües">U. Kües</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lucas, S" sort="Lucas, S" uniqKey="Lucas S" first="S" last="Lucas">S. Lucas</name></author><author><name sortKey="Van De Peer, Y" sort="Van De Peer, Y" uniqKey="Van De Peer Y" first="Y" last="Van De Peer">Y. Van De Peer</name></author><author><name sortKey="Podila, G K" sort="Podila, G K" uniqKey="Podila G" first="G K" last="Podila">G K Podila</name></author><author><name sortKey="Polle, A" sort="Polle, A" uniqKey="Polle A" first="A" last="Polle">A. Polle</name></author><author><name sortKey="Pukkila, P J" sort="Pukkila, P J" uniqKey="Pukkila P" first="P J" last="Pukkila">P J Pukkila</name></author><author><name sortKey="Richardson, P M" sort="Richardson, P M" uniqKey="Richardson P" first="P M" last="Richardson">P M Richardson</name></author><author><name sortKey="Rouze, P" sort="Rouze, P" uniqKey="Rouze P" first="P" last="Rouzé">P. Rouzé</name></author><author><name sortKey="Sanders, I R" sort="Sanders, I R" uniqKey="Sanders I" first="I R" last="Sanders">I R Sanders</name></author><author><name sortKey="Stajich, J E" sort="Stajich, J E" uniqKey="Stajich J" first="J E" last="Stajich">J E Stajich</name></author><author><name sortKey="Tunlid, A" sort="Tunlid, A" uniqKey="Tunlid A" first="A" last="Tunlid">A. Tunlid</name></author><author><name sortKey="Tuskan, G" sort="Tuskan, G" uniqKey="Tuskan G" first="G" last="Tuskan">G. Tuskan</name></author><author><name sortKey="Grigoriev, I V" sort="Grigoriev, I V" uniqKey="Grigoriev I" first="I V" last="Grigoriev">I V Grigoriev</name></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Nature</title><idno type="eISSN">1476-4687</idno><imprint><date when="2008" type="published">2008</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Abies (microbiology)</term><term>Abies (physiology)</term><term>Basidiomycota (enzymology)</term><term>Basidiomycota (genetics)</term><term>Basidiomycota (physiology)</term><term>Fungal Proteins (classification)</term><term>Fungal Proteins (genetics)</term><term>Fungal Proteins (metabolism)</term><term>Gene Expression Regulation (MeSH)</term><term>Genes, Fungal (genetics)</term><term>Genome, Fungal (genetics)</term><term>Hyphae (genetics)</term><term>Hyphae (metabolism)</term><term>Mycorrhizae (enzymology)</term><term>Mycorrhizae (genetics)</term><term>Mycorrhizae (physiology)</term><term>Plant Roots (microbiology)</term><term>Plant Roots (physiology)</term><term>Symbiosis (genetics)</term><term>Symbiosis (physiology)</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" type="chemical" qualifier="classification" xml:lang="en"><term>Fungal Proteins</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="enzymology" xml:lang="en"><term>Basidiomycota</term><term>Mycorrhizae</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="genetics" xml:lang="en"><term>Basidiomycota</term><term>Fungal Proteins</term><term>Genes, Fungal</term><term>Genome, Fungal</term><term>Hyphae</term><term>Mycorrhizae</term><term>Symbiosis</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" type="chemical" qualifier="metabolism" xml:lang="en"><term>Fungal Proteins</term><term>Hyphae</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="microbiology" xml:lang="en"><term>Abies</term><term>Plant Roots</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="physiology" xml:lang="en"><term>Abies</term><term>Basidiomycota</term><term>Mycorrhizae</term><term>Plant Roots</term><term>Symbiosis</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="en"><term>Gene Expression Regulation</term></keywords></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">Mycorrhizal symbioses--the union of roots and soil fungi--are universal in terrestrial ecosystems and may have been fundamental to land colonization by plants. Boreal, temperate and montane forests all depend on ectomycorrhizae. Identification of the primary factors that regulate symbiotic development and metabolic activity will therefore open the door to understanding the role of ectomycorrhizae in plant development and physiology, allowing the full ecological significance of this symbiosis to be explored. Here we report the genome sequence of the ectomycorrhizal basidiomycete Laccaria bicolor (Fig. 1) and highlight gene sets involved in rhizosphere colonization and symbiosis. This 65-megabase genome assembly contains approximately 20,000 predicted protein-encoding genes and a very large number of transposons and repeated sequences. We detected unexpected genomic features, most notably a battery of effector-type small secreted proteins (SSPs) with unknown function, several of which are only expressed in symbiotic tissues. The most highly expressed SSP accumulates in the proliferating hyphae colonizing the host root. The ectomycorrhizae-specific SSPs probably have a decisive role in the establishment of the symbiosis. The unexpected observation that the genome of L. bicolor lacks carbohydrate-active enzymes involved in degradation of plant cell walls, but maintains the ability to degrade non-plant cell wall polysaccharides, reveals the dual saprotrophic and biotrophic lifestyle of the mycorrhizal fungus that enables it to grow within both soil and living plant roots. The predicted gene inventory of the L. bicolor genome, therefore, points to previously unknown mechanisms of symbiosis operating in biotrophic mycorrhizal fungi. The availability of this genome provides an unparalleled opportunity to develop a deeper understanding of the processes by which symbionts interact with plants within their ecosystem to perform vital functions in the carbon and nitrogen cycles that are fundamental to sustainable plant productivity.</div></front></TEI><pubmed><MedlineCitation Status="MEDLINE" Owner="NLM"><PMID Version="1">18322534</PMID><DateCompleted><Year>2008</Year><Month>04</Month><Day>09</Day></DateCompleted><DateRevised><Year>2008</Year><Month>03</Month><Day>06</Day></DateRevised><Article PubModel="Print"><Journal><ISSN IssnType="Electronic">1476-4687</ISSN><JournalIssue CitedMedium="Internet"><Volume>452</Volume><Issue>7183</Issue><PubDate><Year>2008</Year><Month>Mar</Month><Day>06</Day></PubDate></JournalIssue><Title>Nature</Title><ISOAbbreviation>Nature</ISOAbbreviation></Journal><ArticleTitle>The genome of Laccaria bicolor provides insights into mycorrhizal symbiosis.</ArticleTitle><Pagination><MedlinePgn>88-92</MedlinePgn></Pagination><ELocationID EIdType="doi" ValidYN="Y">10.1038/nature06556</ELocationID><Abstract><AbstractText>Mycorrhizal symbioses--the union of roots and soil fungi--are universal in terrestrial ecosystems and may have been fundamental to land colonization by plants. Boreal, temperate and montane forests all depend on ectomycorrhizae. Identification of the primary factors that regulate symbiotic development and metabolic activity will therefore open the door to understanding the role of ectomycorrhizae in plant development and physiology, allowing the full ecological significance of this symbiosis to be explored. Here we report the genome sequence of the ectomycorrhizal basidiomycete Laccaria bicolor (Fig. 1) and highlight gene sets involved in rhizosphere colonization and symbiosis. This 65-megabase genome assembly contains approximately 20,000 predicted protein-encoding genes and a very large number of transposons and repeated sequences. We detected unexpected genomic features, most notably a battery of effector-type small secreted proteins (SSPs) with unknown function, several of which are only expressed in symbiotic tissues. The most highly expressed SSP accumulates in the proliferating hyphae colonizing the host root. The ectomycorrhizae-specific SSPs probably have a decisive role in the establishment of the symbiosis. The unexpected observation that the genome of L. bicolor lacks carbohydrate-active enzymes involved in degradation of plant cell walls, but maintains the ability to degrade non-plant cell wall polysaccharides, reveals the dual saprotrophic and biotrophic lifestyle of the mycorrhizal fungus that enables it to grow within both soil and living plant roots. The predicted gene inventory of the L. bicolor genome, therefore, points to previously unknown mechanisms of symbiosis operating in biotrophic mycorrhizal fungi. The availability of this genome provides an unparalleled opportunity to develop a deeper understanding of the processes by which symbionts interact with plants within their ecosystem to perform vital functions in the carbon and nitrogen cycles that are fundamental to sustainable plant productivity.</AbstractText></Abstract><AuthorList CompleteYN="Y"><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Martin</LastName><ForeName>F</ForeName><Initials>F</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>UMR 1136, INRA-Nancy Université, Interactions Arbres/Microorganismes, INRA-Nancy, 54280 Champenoux, France. fmartin@nancy.inra.fr</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Aerts</LastName><ForeName>A</ForeName><Initials>A</Initials></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Ahrén</LastName><ForeName>D</ForeName><Initials>D</Initials></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Brun</LastName><ForeName>A</ForeName><Initials>A</Initials></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Danchin</LastName><ForeName>E G J</ForeName><Initials>EG</Initials></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Duchaussoy</LastName><ForeName>F</ForeName><Initials>F</Initials></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Gibon</LastName><ForeName>J</ForeName><Initials>J</Initials></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Kohler</LastName><ForeName>A</ForeName><Initials>A</Initials></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Lindquist</LastName><ForeName>E</ForeName><Initials>E</Initials></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Pereda</LastName><ForeName>V</ForeName><Initials>V</Initials></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Salamov</LastName><ForeName>A</ForeName><Initials>A</Initials></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Shapiro</LastName><ForeName>H J</ForeName><Initials>HJ</Initials></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Wuyts</LastName><ForeName>J</ForeName><Initials>J</Initials></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Blaudez</LastName><ForeName>D</ForeName><Initials>D</Initials></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Buée</LastName><ForeName>M</ForeName><Initials>M</Initials></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Brokstein</LastName><ForeName>P</ForeName><Initials>P</Initials></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Canbäck</LastName><ForeName>B</ForeName><Initials>B</Initials></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Cohen</LastName><ForeName>D</ForeName><Initials>D</Initials></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Courty</LastName><ForeName>P E</ForeName><Initials>PE</Initials></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Coutinho</LastName><ForeName>P M</ForeName><Initials>PM</Initials></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Delaruelle</LastName><ForeName>C</ForeName><Initials>C</Initials></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Detter</LastName><ForeName>J C</ForeName><Initials>JC</Initials></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Deveau</LastName><ForeName>A</ForeName><Initials>A</Initials></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>DiFazio</LastName><ForeName>S</ForeName><Initials>S</Initials></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Duplessis</LastName><ForeName>S</ForeName><Initials>S</Initials></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Fraissinet-Tachet</LastName><ForeName>L</ForeName><Initials>L</Initials></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Lucic</LastName><ForeName>E</ForeName><Initials>E</Initials></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Frey-Klett</LastName><ForeName>P</ForeName><Initials>P</Initials></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Fourrey</LastName><ForeName>C</ForeName><Initials>C</Initials></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Feussner</LastName><ForeName>I</ForeName><Initials>I</Initials></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Gay</LastName><ForeName>G</ForeName><Initials>G</Initials></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Grimwood</LastName><ForeName>J</ForeName><Initials>J</Initials></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Hoegger</LastName><ForeName>P J</ForeName><Initials>PJ</Initials></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Jain</LastName><ForeName>P</ForeName><Initials>P</Initials></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Kilaru</LastName><ForeName>S</ForeName><Initials>S</Initials></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Labbé</LastName><ForeName>J</ForeName><Initials>J</Initials></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Lin</LastName><ForeName>Y C</ForeName><Initials>YC</Initials></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Legué</LastName><ForeName>V</ForeName><Initials>V</Initials></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Le Tacon</LastName><ForeName>F</ForeName><Initials>F</Initials></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Marmeisse</LastName><ForeName>R</ForeName><Initials>R</Initials></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Melayah</LastName><ForeName>D</ForeName><Initials>D</Initials></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Montanini</LastName><ForeName>B</ForeName><Initials>B</Initials></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Muratet</LastName><ForeName>M</ForeName><Initials>M</Initials></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Nehls</LastName><ForeName>U</ForeName><Initials>U</Initials></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Niculita-Hirzel</LastName><ForeName>H</ForeName><Initials>H</Initials></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Oudot-Le Secq</LastName><ForeName>M P</ForeName><Initials>MP</Initials></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Peter</LastName><ForeName>M</ForeName><Initials>M</Initials></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Quesneville</LastName><ForeName>H</ForeName><Initials>H</Initials></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Rajashekar</LastName><ForeName>B</ForeName><Initials>B</Initials></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Reich</LastName><ForeName>M</ForeName><Initials>M</Initials></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Rouhier</LastName><ForeName>N</ForeName><Initials>N</Initials></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Schmutz</LastName><ForeName>J</ForeName><Initials>J</Initials></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Yin</LastName><ForeName>T</ForeName><Initials>T</Initials></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Chalot</LastName><ForeName>M</ForeName><Initials>M</Initials></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Henrissat</LastName><ForeName>B</ForeName><Initials>B</Initials></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Kües</LastName><ForeName>U</ForeName><Initials>U</Initials></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Lucas</LastName><ForeName>S</ForeName><Initials>S</Initials></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Van de Peer</LastName><ForeName>Y</ForeName><Initials>Y</Initials></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Podila</LastName><ForeName>G K</ForeName><Initials>GK</Initials></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Polle</LastName><ForeName>A</ForeName><Initials>A</Initials></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Pukkila</LastName><ForeName>P 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UI="D013486">Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.</PublicationType></PublicationTypeList></Article><MedlineJournalInfo><Country>England</Country><MedlineTA>Nature</MedlineTA><NlmUniqueID>0410462</NlmUniqueID><ISSNLinking>0028-0836</ISSNLinking></MedlineJournalInfo><ChemicalList><Chemical><RegistryNumber>0</RegistryNumber><NameOfSubstance UI="D005656">Fungal Proteins</NameOfSubstance></Chemical></ChemicalList><CitationSubset>IM</CitationSubset><CommentsCorrectionsList><CommentsCorrections RefType="CommentIn"><RefSource>Nature. 2008 Mar 6;452(7183):42-3</RefSource><PMID Version="1">18322523</PMID></CommentsCorrections></CommentsCorrectionsList><MeshHeadingList><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D028202" MajorTopicYN="N">Abies</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000382" MajorTopicYN="N">microbiology</QualifierName><QualifierName UI="Q000502" MajorTopicYN="N">physiology</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D001487" MajorTopicYN="N">Basidiomycota</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000201" MajorTopicYN="N">enzymology</QualifierName><QualifierName UI="Q000235" MajorTopicYN="Y">genetics</QualifierName><QualifierName UI="Q000502" MajorTopicYN="Y">physiology</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D005656" MajorTopicYN="N">Fungal Proteins</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000145" MajorTopicYN="N">classification</QualifierName><QualifierName UI="Q000235" MajorTopicYN="N">genetics</QualifierName><QualifierName UI="Q000378" MajorTopicYN="N">metabolism</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D005786" MajorTopicYN="N">Gene Expression Regulation</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D005800" MajorTopicYN="N">Genes, Fungal</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000235" MajorTopicYN="N">genetics</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D016681" MajorTopicYN="N">Genome, Fungal</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000235" MajorTopicYN="Y">genetics</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D025301" MajorTopicYN="N">Hyphae</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000235" MajorTopicYN="N">genetics</QualifierName><QualifierName UI="Q000378" MajorTopicYN="N">metabolism</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D038821" MajorTopicYN="N">Mycorrhizae</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000201" MajorTopicYN="N">enzymology</QualifierName><QualifierName UI="Q000235" MajorTopicYN="Y">genetics</QualifierName><QualifierName UI="Q000502" MajorTopicYN="Y">physiology</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D018517" MajorTopicYN="N">Plant Roots</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000382" MajorTopicYN="Y">microbiology</QualifierName><QualifierName UI="Q000502" MajorTopicYN="N">physiology</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D013559" MajorTopicYN="N">Symbiosis</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000235" MajorTopicYN="N">genetics</QualifierName><QualifierName UI="Q000502" MajorTopicYN="Y">physiology</QualifierName></MeshHeading></MeshHeadingList></MedlineCitation><PubmedData><History><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="received"><Year>2007</Year><Month>08</Month><Day>10</Day></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="accepted"><Year>2007</Year><Month>12</Month><Day>20</Day></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="pubmed"><Year>2008</Year><Month>3</Month><Day>7</Day><Hour>9</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="medline"><Year>2008</Year><Month>4</Month><Day>10</Day><Hour>9</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="entrez"><Year>2008</Year><Month>3</Month><Day>7</Day><Hour>9</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate></History><PublicationStatus>ppublish</PublicationStatus><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">18322534</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="pii">nature06556</ArticleId><ArticleId 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