Giving and receiving: measuring the carbon cost of mycorrhizas in the green orchid, Goodyera repens.
Identifieur interne : 002C39 ( Main/Corpus ); précédent : 002C38; suivant : 002C40Giving and receiving: measuring the carbon cost of mycorrhizas in the green orchid, Goodyera repens.
Auteurs : Duncan D. Cameron ; Irene Johnson ; David J. Read ; Jonathan R. LeakeSource :
- The New phytologist [ 1469-8137 ] ; 2008.
English descriptors
- KwdEn :
- MESH :
- chemical , metabolism : Carbon.
- metabolism : Mycorrhizae, Orchidaceae.
- microbiology : Orchidaceae.
- physiology : Mycorrhizae.
- Biological Transport, Biomass, Carbon Radioisotopes, Photosynthesis, Time Factors.
Abstract
Direct measurement of the carbon (C) 'cost' of mycorrhizas is problematic. Although estimates have been made for arbuscular and ectomycorrhizal symbioses, these are based on incomplete budgets or indirect measurements. Furthermore, the conventional model of unidirectional plant-to-fungus C flux is too simplistic. Net fungus-to-plant C transfer supports seedling establishment in c. 10% of plant species, including most orchids, and bidirectional C flows occur in ectomycorrhiza utilizing soil amino acids. Here, the C cost of mycorrhizas to the green orchid Goodyera repens was determined by measurement of simultaneous bidirectional fluxes of 14C labelled sources using a monoxenic system with the fungus Ceratobasidium cornigerum. Transfer of C from fungus to plant ('up-flow') occurs in the photosynthesizing orchid G. repens (max. 0.06 microg) whereas over five times more current assimilate (min. 0.355 microg) is simultaneously allocated in the reverse direction to the mycorrhizal fungus ('down-flow') after 8 d. Carbon is transferred rapidly, being detected in plant-fungal respiration within 31 h of labelling. This study provides the most complete C budget for an orchid-mycorrhizal symbiosis, and clearly shows net plant-to-fungus C flux. The rapidity of bidirectional C flux is indicative of dynamic transfer at an interfacial apoplast as opposed to reliance on digestion of fungal pelotons.
DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2008.02533.x
PubMed: 18627489
Links to Exploration step
pubmed:18627489Le document en format XML
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<author><name sortKey="Cameron, Duncan D" sort="Cameron, Duncan D" uniqKey="Cameron D" first="Duncan D" last="Cameron">Duncan D. Cameron</name>
<affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Alfred Denny Building, Western Bank, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK. d.cameron@sheffield.ac.uk</nlm:affiliation>
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</author>
<author><name sortKey="Johnson, Irene" sort="Johnson, Irene" uniqKey="Johnson I" first="Irene" last="Johnson">Irene Johnson</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Read, David J" sort="Read, David J" uniqKey="Read D" first="David J" last="Read">David J. Read</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Leake, Jonathan R" sort="Leake, Jonathan R" uniqKey="Leake J" first="Jonathan R" last="Leake">Jonathan R. Leake</name>
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<sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en">Giving and receiving: measuring the carbon cost of mycorrhizas in the green orchid, Goodyera repens.</title>
<author><name sortKey="Cameron, Duncan D" sort="Cameron, Duncan D" uniqKey="Cameron D" first="Duncan D" last="Cameron">Duncan D. Cameron</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Read, David J" sort="Read, David J" uniqKey="Read D" first="David J" last="Read">David J. Read</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Leake, Jonathan R" sort="Leake, Jonathan R" uniqKey="Leake J" first="Jonathan R" last="Leake">Jonathan R. Leake</name>
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<profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Biological Transport (MeSH)</term>
<term>Biomass (MeSH)</term>
<term>Carbon (metabolism)</term>
<term>Carbon Radioisotopes (MeSH)</term>
<term>Mycorrhizae (metabolism)</term>
<term>Mycorrhizae (physiology)</term>
<term>Orchidaceae (metabolism)</term>
<term>Orchidaceae (microbiology)</term>
<term>Photosynthesis (MeSH)</term>
<term>Time Factors (MeSH)</term>
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<keywords scheme="MESH" type="chemical" qualifier="metabolism" xml:lang="en"><term>Carbon</term>
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<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="metabolism" xml:lang="en"><term>Mycorrhizae</term>
<term>Orchidaceae</term>
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<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="microbiology" xml:lang="en"><term>Orchidaceae</term>
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<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="physiology" xml:lang="en"><term>Mycorrhizae</term>
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<keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="en"><term>Biological Transport</term>
<term>Biomass</term>
<term>Carbon Radioisotopes</term>
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<front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">Direct measurement of the carbon (C) 'cost' of mycorrhizas is problematic. Although estimates have been made for arbuscular and ectomycorrhizal symbioses, these are based on incomplete budgets or indirect measurements. Furthermore, the conventional model of unidirectional plant-to-fungus C flux is too simplistic. Net fungus-to-plant C transfer supports seedling establishment in c. 10% of plant species, including most orchids, and bidirectional C flows occur in ectomycorrhiza utilizing soil amino acids. Here, the C cost of mycorrhizas to the green orchid Goodyera repens was determined by measurement of simultaneous bidirectional fluxes of 14C labelled sources using a monoxenic system with the fungus Ceratobasidium cornigerum. Transfer of C from fungus to plant ('up-flow') occurs in the photosynthesizing orchid G. repens (max. 0.06 microg) whereas over five times more current assimilate (min. 0.355 microg) is simultaneously allocated in the reverse direction to the mycorrhizal fungus ('down-flow') after 8 d. Carbon is transferred rapidly, being detected in plant-fungal respiration within 31 h of labelling. This study provides the most complete C budget for an orchid-mycorrhizal symbiosis, and clearly shows net plant-to-fungus C flux. The rapidity of bidirectional C flux is indicative of dynamic transfer at an interfacial apoplast as opposed to reliance on digestion of fungal pelotons.</div>
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<Abstract><AbstractText>Direct measurement of the carbon (C) 'cost' of mycorrhizas is problematic. Although estimates have been made for arbuscular and ectomycorrhizal symbioses, these are based on incomplete budgets or indirect measurements. Furthermore, the conventional model of unidirectional plant-to-fungus C flux is too simplistic. Net fungus-to-plant C transfer supports seedling establishment in c. 10% of plant species, including most orchids, and bidirectional C flows occur in ectomycorrhiza utilizing soil amino acids. Here, the C cost of mycorrhizas to the green orchid Goodyera repens was determined by measurement of simultaneous bidirectional fluxes of 14C labelled sources using a monoxenic system with the fungus Ceratobasidium cornigerum. Transfer of C from fungus to plant ('up-flow') occurs in the photosynthesizing orchid G. repens (max. 0.06 microg) whereas over five times more current assimilate (min. 0.355 microg) is simultaneously allocated in the reverse direction to the mycorrhizal fungus ('down-flow') after 8 d. Carbon is transferred rapidly, being detected in plant-fungal respiration within 31 h of labelling. This study provides the most complete C budget for an orchid-mycorrhizal symbiosis, and clearly shows net plant-to-fungus C flux. The rapidity of bidirectional C flux is indicative of dynamic transfer at an interfacial apoplast as opposed to reliance on digestion of fungal pelotons.</AbstractText>
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