Variation in mycorrhizal associations with tulasnelloid fungi among populations of five Dactylorhiza species.
Identifieur interne : 001E95 ( Main/Corpus ); précédent : 001E94; suivant : 001E96Variation in mycorrhizal associations with tulasnelloid fungi among populations of five Dactylorhiza species.
Auteurs : Hans Jacquemyn ; Agnieszka Deja ; Koen De Hert ; Bruno Cachapa Bailarote ; Bart LievensSource :
- PloS one [ 1932-6203 ] ; 2012.
English descriptors
- KwdEn :
- MESH :
- microbiology : Orchidaceae.
- physiology : Basidiomycota, Fungi, Mycorrhizae, Orchidaceae, Symbiosis.
- Phylogeny, Species Specificity.
Abstract
BACKGROUND
Orchid species rely on mycorrhizal symbioses with fungi to complete their life cycle. Although there is mounting evidence that orchids can associate with several fungi from different clades or families, less is known about the actual geographic distribution of these fungi and how they are distributed across different orchid species within a genus.
METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS
We investigated among-population variation in mycorrhizal associations in five species of the genus Dactylorhiza (D. fuchsii, D. incarnata, D. maculata, D. majalis and D. praetermissa) using culture-independent detection and identification techniques enabling simultaneous detection of multiple fungi in a single individual. Mycorrhizal specificity, determined as the number of fungal operational taxonomic units (OTUs), and phylogenetic diversity of fungi were compared between species, whereas discriminant analysis was used to compare mycorrhizal spectra across populations and species. Based on a 95% cut-off value in internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequence similarity, a total of ten OTUs was identified belonging to three different clades within the Tulasnellaceae. Most OTUs were found in two or more Dactylorhiza species, and some of them were common and widespread, occurring in more than 50% of all sampled populations. Each orchid species associated with at least five different OTUs, whereas most individuals also associated with two or more fungal OTUs at the same time. Phylogenetic diversity, corrected for species richness, was not significantly different between species, confirming the generality of the observed orchid mycorrhizal associations.
CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE
We found that the investigated species of the genus Dactylorhiza associated with a wide range of fungal OTUs from the Tulasnellaceae, some of which were widespread and common. These findings challenge the idea that orchid rarity is related to mycorrhizal specificity and fungal distribution.
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0042212
PubMed: 22870305
PubMed Central: PMC3411701
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<author><name sortKey="Cachapa Bailarote, Bruno" sort="Cachapa Bailarote, Bruno" uniqKey="Cachapa Bailarote B" first="Bruno" last="Cachapa Bailarote">Bruno Cachapa Bailarote</name>
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<term>Mycorrhizae (physiology)</term>
<term>Orchidaceae (microbiology)</term>
<term>Orchidaceae (physiology)</term>
<term>Phylogeny (MeSH)</term>
<term>Species Specificity (MeSH)</term>
<term>Symbiosis (physiology)</term>
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<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="microbiology" xml:lang="en"><term>Orchidaceae</term>
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<front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p><b>BACKGROUND</b>
</p>
<p>Orchid species rely on mycorrhizal symbioses with fungi to complete their life cycle. Although there is mounting evidence that orchids can associate with several fungi from different clades or families, less is known about the actual geographic distribution of these fungi and how they are distributed across different orchid species within a genus.</p>
</div>
<div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p><b>METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS</b>
</p>
<p>We investigated among-population variation in mycorrhizal associations in five species of the genus Dactylorhiza (D. fuchsii, D. incarnata, D. maculata, D. majalis and D. praetermissa) using culture-independent detection and identification techniques enabling simultaneous detection of multiple fungi in a single individual. Mycorrhizal specificity, determined as the number of fungal operational taxonomic units (OTUs), and phylogenetic diversity of fungi were compared between species, whereas discriminant analysis was used to compare mycorrhizal spectra across populations and species. Based on a 95% cut-off value in internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequence similarity, a total of ten OTUs was identified belonging to three different clades within the Tulasnellaceae. Most OTUs were found in two or more Dactylorhiza species, and some of them were common and widespread, occurring in more than 50% of all sampled populations. Each orchid species associated with at least five different OTUs, whereas most individuals also associated with two or more fungal OTUs at the same time. Phylogenetic diversity, corrected for species richness, was not significantly different between species, confirming the generality of the observed orchid mycorrhizal associations.</p>
</div>
<div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p><b>CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE</b>
</p>
<p>We found that the investigated species of the genus Dactylorhiza associated with a wide range of fungal OTUs from the Tulasnellaceae, some of which were widespread and common. These findings challenge the idea that orchid rarity is related to mycorrhizal specificity and fungal distribution.</p>
</div>
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<Abstract><AbstractText Label="BACKGROUND" NlmCategory="BACKGROUND">Orchid species rely on mycorrhizal symbioses with fungi to complete their life cycle. Although there is mounting evidence that orchids can associate with several fungi from different clades or families, less is known about the actual geographic distribution of these fungi and how they are distributed across different orchid species within a genus.</AbstractText>
<AbstractText Label="METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS" NlmCategory="RESULTS">We investigated among-population variation in mycorrhizal associations in five species of the genus Dactylorhiza (D. fuchsii, D. incarnata, D. maculata, D. majalis and D. praetermissa) using culture-independent detection and identification techniques enabling simultaneous detection of multiple fungi in a single individual. Mycorrhizal specificity, determined as the number of fungal operational taxonomic units (OTUs), and phylogenetic diversity of fungi were compared between species, whereas discriminant analysis was used to compare mycorrhizal spectra across populations and species. Based on a 95% cut-off value in internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequence similarity, a total of ten OTUs was identified belonging to three different clades within the Tulasnellaceae. Most OTUs were found in two or more Dactylorhiza species, and some of them were common and widespread, occurring in more than 50% of all sampled populations. Each orchid species associated with at least five different OTUs, whereas most individuals also associated with two or more fungal OTUs at the same time. Phylogenetic diversity, corrected for species richness, was not significantly different between species, confirming the generality of the observed orchid mycorrhizal associations.</AbstractText>
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