FUNGAL SYMBIONTS. Global assessment of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus diversity reveals very low endemism.
Identifieur interne : 001349 ( Main/Corpus ); précédent : 001348; suivant : 001350FUNGAL SYMBIONTS. Global assessment of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus diversity reveals very low endemism.
Auteurs : J. Davison ; M. Moora ; M. Öpik ; A. Adholeya ; L. Ainsaar ; A. Bâ ; S. Burla ; A G Diedhiou ; I. Hiiesalu ; T. Jairus ; N C Johnson ; A. Kane ; K. Koorem ; M. Kochar ; C. Ndiaye ; M. P Rtel ; Ü Reier ; Ü Saks ; R. Singh ; M. Vasar ; M. ZobelSource :
- Science (New York, N.Y.) [ 1095-9203 ] ; 2015.
English descriptors
- KwdEn :
- Animals (MeSH), Biodiversity (MeSH), DNA, Fungal (analysis), Ecosystem (MeSH), Environment (MeSH), Humans (MeSH), Mycorrhizae (genetics), Mycorrhizae (isolation & purification), Mycorrhizae (physiology), Phylogeny (MeSH), Phylogeography (MeSH), Plant Roots (microbiology), Symbiosis (MeSH), Water (MeSH), Wind (MeSH).
- MESH :
- chemical , analysis : DNA, Fungal.
- genetics : Mycorrhizae.
- isolation & purification : Mycorrhizae.
- microbiology : Plant Roots.
- physiology : Mycorrhizae.
- Animals, Biodiversity, Ecosystem, Environment, Humans, Phylogeny, Phylogeography, Symbiosis, Water, Wind.
Abstract
The global biogeography of microorganisms remains largely unknown, in contrast to the well-studied diversity patterns of macroorganisms. We used arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungus DNA from 1014 plant-root samples collected worldwide to determine the global distribution of these plant symbionts. We found that AM fungal communities reflected local environmental conditions and the spatial distance between sites. However, despite AM fungi apparently possessing limited dispersal ability, we found 93% of taxa on multiple continents and 34% on all six continents surveyed. This contrasts with the high spatial turnover of other fungal taxa and with the endemism displayed by plants at the global scale. We suggest that the biogeography of AM fungi is driven by unexpectedly efficient dispersal, probably via both abiotic and biotic vectors, including humans.
DOI: 10.1126/science.aab1161
PubMed: 26315436
Links to Exploration step
pubmed:26315436Le document en format XML
<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">FUNGAL SYMBIONTS. Global assessment of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus diversity reveals very low endemism.</title><author><name sortKey="Davison, J" sort="Davison, J" uniqKey="Davison J" first="J" last="Davison">J. Davison</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Lai 40, Tartu 51005, Estonia.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Moora, M" sort="Moora, M" uniqKey="Moora M" first="M" last="Moora">M. Moora</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Lai 40, Tartu 51005, Estonia.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Opik, M" sort="Opik, M" uniqKey="Opik M" first="M" last="Öpik">M. Öpik</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Lai 40, Tartu 51005, Estonia.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Adholeya, A" sort="Adholeya, A" uniqKey="Adholeya A" first="A" last="Adholeya">A. Adholeya</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Centre for Mycorrhizal Research, The Energy and Resources Institute (TERI), India Habitat Centre, Lodhi Road, New Delhi 110 003, India.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ainsaar, L" sort="Ainsaar, L" uniqKey="Ainsaar L" first="L" last="Ainsaar">L. Ainsaar</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Lai 40, Tartu 51005, Estonia.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ba, A" sort="Ba, A" uniqKey="Ba A" first="A" last="Bâ">A. Bâ</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Laboratoire des Symbioses Tropicales et Méditerranéennes, Unité Mixte de Recherche 113, Laboratoire de Biologie et Physiologie Végétales, Faculté des Sciences Exactes et Naturelles, Université des Antilles, BP 592, 97159, Pointe-à-Pitre, Guadeloupe (French West Indies).</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Burla, S" sort="Burla, S" uniqKey="Burla S" first="S" last="Burla">S. Burla</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Centre for Mycorrhizal Research, The Energy and Resources Institute (TERI), India Habitat Centre, Lodhi Road, New Delhi 110 003, India.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Diedhiou, A G" sort="Diedhiou, A G" uniqKey="Diedhiou A" first="A G" last="Diedhiou">A G Diedhiou</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Laboratoire Commun de Microbiologie de l'Institut de Recherche pour le Développement-Institut Sénégalais de Recherches Agricoles-Université Cheikh Anta Diop (UCAD), Département de Biologie Végétale, UCAD, BP 5005 Dakar, Sénégal.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hiiesalu, I" sort="Hiiesalu, I" uniqKey="Hiiesalu I" first="I" last="Hiiesalu">I. Hiiesalu</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Lai 40, Tartu 51005, Estonia. Institute of Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Dukelska 135, 379 01 Trebon, Czech Republic.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Jairus, T" sort="Jairus, T" uniqKey="Jairus T" first="T" last="Jairus">T. Jairus</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Lai 40, Tartu 51005, Estonia.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Johnson, N C" sort="Johnson, N C" uniqKey="Johnson N" first="N C" last="Johnson">N C Johnson</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>School of Earth Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ 86011-5694, USA.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kane, A" sort="Kane, A" uniqKey="Kane A" first="A" last="Kane">A. Kane</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Laboratoire Commun de Microbiologie de l'Institut de Recherche pour le Développement-Institut Sénégalais de Recherches Agricoles-Université Cheikh Anta Diop (UCAD), Département de Biologie Végétale, UCAD, BP 5005 Dakar, Sénégal.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Koorem, K" sort="Koorem, K" uniqKey="Koorem K" first="K" last="Koorem">K. Koorem</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Lai 40, Tartu 51005, Estonia. Netherlands Institute of Ecology, Droevendaalsesteeg 10, 6708 PB Wageningen, Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kochar, M" sort="Kochar, M" uniqKey="Kochar M" first="M" last="Kochar">M. Kochar</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>TERI-Deakin Nano Biotechnology Centre, Biotechnology and Management of Bioresources Division, TERI, India Habitat Centre, Lodhi Road, New Delhi 110 003, India.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ndiaye, C" sort="Ndiaye, C" uniqKey="Ndiaye C" first="C" last="Ndiaye">C. Ndiaye</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Laboratoire Commun de Microbiologie de l'Institut de Recherche pour le Développement-Institut Sénégalais de Recherches Agricoles-Université Cheikh Anta Diop (UCAD), Département de Biologie Végétale, UCAD, BP 5005 Dakar, Sénégal.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="P Rtel, M" sort="P Rtel, M" uniqKey="P Rtel M" first="M" last="P Rtel">M. P Rtel</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Lai 40, Tartu 51005, Estonia.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Reier, U" sort="Reier, U" uniqKey="Reier U" first="Ü" last="Reier">Ü Reier</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Lai 40, Tartu 51005, Estonia.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Saks, U" sort="Saks, U" uniqKey="Saks U" first="Ü" last="Saks">Ü Saks</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Lai 40, Tartu 51005, Estonia.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Singh, R" sort="Singh, R" uniqKey="Singh R" first="R" last="Singh">R. Singh</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>TERI-Deakin Nano Biotechnology Centre, Biotechnology and Management of Bioresources Division, TERI, India Habitat Centre, Lodhi Road, New Delhi 110 003, India.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Vasar, M" sort="Vasar, M" uniqKey="Vasar M" first="M" last="Vasar">M. Vasar</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Lai 40, Tartu 51005, Estonia.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zobel, M" sort="Zobel, M" uniqKey="Zobel M" first="M" last="Zobel">M. Zobel</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Lai 40, Tartu 51005, Estonia.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PubMed</idno><date when="2015">2015</date><idno type="RBID">pubmed:26315436</idno><idno type="pmid">26315436</idno><idno type="doi">10.1126/science.aab1161</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Corpus">001349</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Main" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PubMed">001349</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en">FUNGAL SYMBIONTS. Global assessment of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus diversity reveals very low endemism.</title><author><name sortKey="Davison, J" sort="Davison, J" uniqKey="Davison J" first="J" last="Davison">J. Davison</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Lai 40, Tartu 51005, Estonia.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Moora, M" sort="Moora, M" uniqKey="Moora M" first="M" last="Moora">M. Moora</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Lai 40, Tartu 51005, Estonia.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Opik, M" sort="Opik, M" uniqKey="Opik M" first="M" last="Öpik">M. Öpik</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Lai 40, Tartu 51005, Estonia.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Adholeya, A" sort="Adholeya, A" uniqKey="Adholeya A" first="A" last="Adholeya">A. Adholeya</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Centre for Mycorrhizal Research, The Energy and Resources Institute (TERI), India Habitat Centre, Lodhi Road, New Delhi 110 003, India.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ainsaar, L" sort="Ainsaar, L" uniqKey="Ainsaar L" first="L" last="Ainsaar">L. Ainsaar</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Lai 40, Tartu 51005, Estonia.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ba, A" sort="Ba, A" uniqKey="Ba A" first="A" last="Bâ">A. Bâ</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Laboratoire des Symbioses Tropicales et Méditerranéennes, Unité Mixte de Recherche 113, Laboratoire de Biologie et Physiologie Végétales, Faculté des Sciences Exactes et Naturelles, Université des Antilles, BP 592, 97159, Pointe-à-Pitre, Guadeloupe (French West Indies).</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Burla, S" sort="Burla, S" uniqKey="Burla S" first="S" last="Burla">S. Burla</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Centre for Mycorrhizal Research, The Energy and Resources Institute (TERI), India Habitat Centre, Lodhi Road, New Delhi 110 003, India.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Diedhiou, A G" sort="Diedhiou, A G" uniqKey="Diedhiou A" first="A G" last="Diedhiou">A G Diedhiou</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Laboratoire Commun de Microbiologie de l'Institut de Recherche pour le Développement-Institut Sénégalais de Recherches Agricoles-Université Cheikh Anta Diop (UCAD), Département de Biologie Végétale, UCAD, BP 5005 Dakar, Sénégal.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hiiesalu, I" sort="Hiiesalu, I" uniqKey="Hiiesalu I" first="I" last="Hiiesalu">I. Hiiesalu</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Lai 40, Tartu 51005, Estonia. Institute of Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Dukelska 135, 379 01 Trebon, Czech Republic.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Jairus, T" sort="Jairus, T" uniqKey="Jairus T" first="T" last="Jairus">T. Jairus</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Lai 40, Tartu 51005, Estonia.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Johnson, N C" sort="Johnson, N C" uniqKey="Johnson N" first="N C" last="Johnson">N C Johnson</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>School of Earth Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ 86011-5694, USA.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kane, A" sort="Kane, A" uniqKey="Kane A" first="A" last="Kane">A. Kane</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Laboratoire Commun de Microbiologie de l'Institut de Recherche pour le Développement-Institut Sénégalais de Recherches Agricoles-Université Cheikh Anta Diop (UCAD), Département de Biologie Végétale, UCAD, BP 5005 Dakar, Sénégal.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Koorem, K" sort="Koorem, K" uniqKey="Koorem K" first="K" last="Koorem">K. Koorem</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Lai 40, Tartu 51005, Estonia. Netherlands Institute of Ecology, Droevendaalsesteeg 10, 6708 PB Wageningen, Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kochar, M" sort="Kochar, M" uniqKey="Kochar M" first="M" last="Kochar">M. Kochar</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>TERI-Deakin Nano Biotechnology Centre, Biotechnology and Management of Bioresources Division, TERI, India Habitat Centre, Lodhi Road, New Delhi 110 003, India.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ndiaye, C" sort="Ndiaye, C" uniqKey="Ndiaye C" first="C" last="Ndiaye">C. Ndiaye</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Laboratoire Commun de Microbiologie de l'Institut de Recherche pour le Développement-Institut Sénégalais de Recherches Agricoles-Université Cheikh Anta Diop (UCAD), Département de Biologie Végétale, UCAD, BP 5005 Dakar, Sénégal.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="P Rtel, M" sort="P Rtel, M" uniqKey="P Rtel M" first="M" last="P Rtel">M. P Rtel</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Lai 40, Tartu 51005, Estonia.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Reier, U" sort="Reier, U" uniqKey="Reier U" first="Ü" last="Reier">Ü Reier</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Lai 40, Tartu 51005, Estonia.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Saks, U" sort="Saks, U" uniqKey="Saks U" first="Ü" last="Saks">Ü Saks</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Lai 40, Tartu 51005, Estonia.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Singh, R" sort="Singh, R" uniqKey="Singh R" first="R" last="Singh">R. Singh</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>TERI-Deakin Nano Biotechnology Centre, Biotechnology and Management of Bioresources Division, TERI, India Habitat Centre, Lodhi Road, New Delhi 110 003, India.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Vasar, M" sort="Vasar, M" uniqKey="Vasar M" first="M" last="Vasar">M. Vasar</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Lai 40, Tartu 51005, Estonia.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zobel, M" sort="Zobel, M" uniqKey="Zobel M" first="M" last="Zobel">M. Zobel</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Lai 40, Tartu 51005, Estonia.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Science (New York, N.Y.)</title><idno type="eISSN">1095-9203</idno><imprint><date when="2015" type="published">2015</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Animals (MeSH)</term><term>Biodiversity (MeSH)</term><term>DNA, Fungal (analysis)</term><term>Ecosystem (MeSH)</term><term>Environment (MeSH)</term><term>Humans (MeSH)</term><term>Mycorrhizae (genetics)</term><term>Mycorrhizae (isolation & purification)</term><term>Mycorrhizae (physiology)</term><term>Phylogeny (MeSH)</term><term>Phylogeography (MeSH)</term><term>Plant Roots (microbiology)</term><term>Symbiosis (MeSH)</term><term>Water (MeSH)</term><term>Wind (MeSH)</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" type="chemical" qualifier="analysis" xml:lang="en"><term>DNA, Fungal</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="genetics" xml:lang="en"><term>Mycorrhizae</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="isolation & purification" xml:lang="en"><term>Mycorrhizae</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="microbiology" xml:lang="en"><term>Plant Roots</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="physiology" xml:lang="en"><term>Mycorrhizae</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="en"><term>Animals</term><term>Biodiversity</term><term>Ecosystem</term><term>Environment</term><term>Humans</term><term>Phylogeny</term><term>Phylogeography</term><term>Symbiosis</term><term>Water</term><term>Wind</term></keywords></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">The global biogeography of microorganisms remains largely unknown, in contrast to the well-studied diversity patterns of macroorganisms. We used arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungus DNA from 1014 plant-root samples collected worldwide to determine the global distribution of these plant symbionts. We found that AM fungal communities reflected local environmental conditions and the spatial distance between sites. However, despite AM fungi apparently possessing limited dispersal ability, we found 93% of taxa on multiple continents and 34% on all six continents surveyed. This contrasts with the high spatial turnover of other fungal taxa and with the endemism displayed by plants at the global scale. We suggest that the biogeography of AM fungi is driven by unexpectedly efficient dispersal, probably via both abiotic and biotic vectors, including humans. </div></front></TEI><pubmed><MedlineCitation Status="MEDLINE" Owner="NLM"><PMID Version="1">26315436</PMID><DateCompleted><Year>2016</Year><Month>02</Month><Day>19</Day></DateCompleted><DateRevised><Year>2016</Year><Month>02</Month><Day>26</Day></DateRevised><Article PubModel="Print"><Journal><ISSN IssnType="Electronic">1095-9203</ISSN><JournalIssue CitedMedium="Internet"><Volume>349</Volume><Issue>6251</Issue><PubDate><Year>2015</Year><Month>Aug</Month><Day>28</Day></PubDate></JournalIssue><Title>Science (New York, N.Y.)</Title><ISOAbbreviation>Science</ISOAbbreviation></Journal><ArticleTitle>FUNGAL SYMBIONTS. Global assessment of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus diversity reveals very low endemism.</ArticleTitle><Pagination><MedlinePgn>970-3</MedlinePgn></Pagination><ELocationID EIdType="doi" ValidYN="Y">10.1126/science.aab1161</ELocationID><Abstract><AbstractText>The global biogeography of microorganisms remains largely unknown, in contrast to the well-studied diversity patterns of macroorganisms. We used arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungus DNA from 1014 plant-root samples collected worldwide to determine the global distribution of these plant symbionts. We found that AM fungal communities reflected local environmental conditions and the spatial distance between sites. However, despite AM fungi apparently possessing limited dispersal ability, we found 93% of taxa on multiple continents and 34% on all six continents surveyed. This contrasts with the high spatial turnover of other fungal taxa and with the endemism displayed by plants at the global scale. We suggest that the biogeography of AM fungi is driven by unexpectedly efficient dispersal, probably via both abiotic and biotic vectors, including humans. </AbstractText><CopyrightInformation>Copyright © 2015, American Association for the Advancement of Science.</CopyrightInformation></Abstract><AuthorList CompleteYN="Y"><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Davison</LastName><ForeName>J</ForeName><Initials>J</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Lai 40, Tartu 51005, Estonia.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Moora</LastName><ForeName>M</ForeName><Initials>M</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Lai 40, Tartu 51005, Estonia.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Öpik</LastName><ForeName>M</ForeName><Initials>M</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Lai 40, Tartu 51005, Estonia.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Adholeya</LastName><ForeName>A</ForeName><Initials>A</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Centre for Mycorrhizal Research, The Energy and Resources Institute (TERI), India Habitat Centre, Lodhi Road, New Delhi 110 003, India.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Ainsaar</LastName><ForeName>L</ForeName><Initials>L</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Lai 40, Tartu 51005, Estonia.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Bâ</LastName><ForeName>A</ForeName><Initials>A</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Laboratoire des Symbioses Tropicales et Méditerranéennes, Unité Mixte de Recherche 113, Laboratoire de Biologie et Physiologie Végétales, Faculté des Sciences Exactes et Naturelles, Université des Antilles, BP 592, 97159, Pointe-à-Pitre, Guadeloupe (French West Indies).</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Burla</LastName><ForeName>S</ForeName><Initials>S</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Centre for Mycorrhizal Research, The Energy and Resources Institute (TERI), India Habitat Centre, Lodhi Road, New Delhi 110 003, India.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Diedhiou</LastName><ForeName>A G</ForeName><Initials>AG</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Laboratoire Commun de Microbiologie de l'Institut de Recherche pour le Développement-Institut Sénégalais de Recherches Agricoles-Université Cheikh Anta Diop (UCAD), Département de Biologie Végétale, UCAD, BP 5005 Dakar, Sénégal.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Hiiesalu</LastName><ForeName>I</ForeName><Initials>I</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Lai 40, Tartu 51005, Estonia. Institute of Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Dukelska 135, 379 01 Trebon, Czech Republic.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Jairus</LastName><ForeName>T</ForeName><Initials>T</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Lai 40, Tartu 51005, Estonia.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Johnson</LastName><ForeName>N C</ForeName><Initials>NC</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>School of Earth Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ 86011-5694, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Kane</LastName><ForeName>A</ForeName><Initials>A</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Laboratoire Commun de Microbiologie de l'Institut de Recherche pour le Développement-Institut Sénégalais de Recherches Agricoles-Université Cheikh Anta Diop (UCAD), Département de Biologie Végétale, UCAD, BP 5005 Dakar, Sénégal.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Koorem</LastName><ForeName>K</ForeName><Initials>K</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Lai 40, Tartu 51005, Estonia. Netherlands Institute of Ecology, Droevendaalsesteeg 10, 6708 PB Wageningen, Netherlands.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Kochar</LastName><ForeName>M</ForeName><Initials>M</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>TERI-Deakin Nano Biotechnology Centre, Biotechnology and Management of Bioresources Division, TERI, India Habitat Centre, Lodhi Road, New Delhi 110 003, India.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Ndiaye</LastName><ForeName>C</ForeName><Initials>C</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Laboratoire Commun de Microbiologie de l'Institut de Recherche pour le Développement-Institut Sénégalais de Recherches Agricoles-Université Cheikh Anta Diop (UCAD), Département de Biologie Végétale, UCAD, BP 5005 Dakar, Sénégal.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Pärtel</LastName><ForeName>M</ForeName><Initials>M</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Lai 40, Tartu 51005, Estonia.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Reier</LastName><ForeName>Ü</ForeName><Initials>Ü</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Lai 40, Tartu 51005, Estonia.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Saks</LastName><ForeName>Ü</ForeName><Initials>Ü</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Lai 40, Tartu 51005, Estonia.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Singh</LastName><ForeName>R</ForeName><Initials>R</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>TERI-Deakin Nano Biotechnology Centre, Biotechnology and Management of Bioresources Division, TERI, India Habitat Centre, Lodhi Road, New Delhi 110 003, India.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Vasar</LastName><ForeName>M</ForeName><Initials>M</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Lai 40, Tartu 51005, Estonia.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Zobel</LastName><ForeName>M</ForeName><Initials>M</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Lai 40, Tartu 51005, Estonia.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author></AuthorList><Language>eng</Language><PublicationTypeList><PublicationType UI="D016428">Journal Article</PublicationType><PublicationType UI="D013485">Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't</PublicationType><PublicationType UI="D013486">Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.</PublicationType></PublicationTypeList></Article><MedlineJournalInfo><Country>United States</Country><MedlineTA>Science</MedlineTA><NlmUniqueID>0404511</NlmUniqueID><ISSNLinking>0036-8075</ISSNLinking></MedlineJournalInfo><ChemicalList><Chemical><RegistryNumber>0</RegistryNumber><NameOfSubstance UI="D004271">DNA, Fungal</NameOfSubstance></Chemical><Chemical><RegistryNumber>059QF0KO0R</RegistryNumber><NameOfSubstance UI="D014867">Water</NameOfSubstance></Chemical></ChemicalList><CitationSubset>IM</CitationSubset><CommentsCorrectionsList><CommentsCorrections RefType="CommentIn"><RefSource>Science. 2016 Feb 19;351(6275):826</RefSource><PMID Version="1">26912889</PMID></CommentsCorrections><CommentsCorrections RefType="CommentIn"><RefSource>Science. 2016 Feb 19;351(6275):826</RefSource><PMID Version="1">26912890</PMID></CommentsCorrections></CommentsCorrectionsList><MeshHeadingList><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D000818" MajorTopicYN="N">Animals</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D044822" MajorTopicYN="N">Biodiversity</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D004271" MajorTopicYN="N">DNA, Fungal</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000032" MajorTopicYN="N">analysis</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D017753" MajorTopicYN="Y">Ecosystem</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D004777" MajorTopicYN="N">Environment</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D006801" MajorTopicYN="N">Humans</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D038821" MajorTopicYN="Y">Mycorrhizae</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000235" MajorTopicYN="N">genetics</QualifierName><QualifierName UI="Q000302" MajorTopicYN="N">isolation & purification</QualifierName><QualifierName UI="Q000502" MajorTopicYN="N">physiology</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D010802" MajorTopicYN="N">Phylogeny</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D058974" MajorTopicYN="N">Phylogeography</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D018517" MajorTopicYN="N">Plant Roots</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000382" MajorTopicYN="Y">microbiology</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D013559" MajorTopicYN="Y">Symbiosis</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D014867" MajorTopicYN="N">Water</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D014919" MajorTopicYN="N">Wind</DescriptorName></MeshHeading></MeshHeadingList></MedlineCitation><PubmedData><History><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="entrez"><Year>2015</Year><Month>8</Month><Day>29</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="pubmed"><Year>2015</Year><Month>9</Month><Day>1</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate 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