Characterizing and handling different kinds of AM fungal spores in the rhizosphere.
Identifieur interne : 001089 ( Main/Corpus ); précédent : 001088; suivant : 001090Characterizing and handling different kinds of AM fungal spores in the rhizosphere.
Auteurs : Xueguang Sun ; Wentao Hu ; Ming Tang ; Hui ChenSource :
- World journal of microbiology & biotechnology [ 1573-0972 ] ; 2016.
English descriptors
- KwdEn :
- China (MeSH), Cold Temperature (MeSH), Ecosystem (MeSH), Microbial Viability (MeSH), Mycorrhizae (classification), Mycorrhizae (genetics), Mycorrhizae (isolation & purification), Mycorrhizae (physiology), Plant Roots (microbiology), Rhizosphere (MeSH), Soil Microbiology (MeSH), Species Specificity (MeSH), Spores, Fungal (classification), Spores, Fungal (isolation & purification), Spores, Fungal (physiology).
- MESH :
- classification : Mycorrhizae, Spores, Fungal.
- genetics : Mycorrhizae.
- isolation & purification : Mycorrhizae, Spores, Fungal.
- microbiology : Plant Roots.
- physiology : Mycorrhizae, Spores, Fungal.
- China, Cold Temperature, Ecosystem, Microbial Viability, Rhizosphere, Soil Microbiology, Species Specificity.
Abstract
Spores are important propagules as well as the most reliable species-distinguishing traits of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi. During surveys of AM fungal communities, spore enumeration and spore identification are frequently conducted, but generally little attention is given to the age and viability of the spores. In this study, AM fungal spores in the rhizosphere were characterized as live or dead by vital staining and by performing a germination assay. A considerable proportion of the spores in the rhizosphere were dead despite their intact appearance. Furthermore, morphological and molecular analyses of spores to determine species identity revealed that both viable spores and dead spores with contents were identified. The accurate identification of spores at different developmental stages on the basis of morphology requires considerable experience. Our findings suggest that surveys of AM fungal communities based on spore enumeration and morphological and molecular identification are likely to be inaccurate, primarily because of the large proportion of dead spores in the rhizosphere. A viability check is recommended prior to spore molecular identification, and the use of trap cultures would give more reliable morphological identification results. We show that the abundance and activity of AM fungi in the rhizosphere can be determined by calculating the density of viable spores and the density of spores that could germinate. The adoption of these methods should provide a more reliable basis for further AM fungal community analysis.
DOI: 10.1007/s11274-016-2053-0
PubMed: 27116963
Links to Exploration step
pubmed:27116963Le document en format XML
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China.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tang, Ming" sort="Tang, Ming" uniqKey="Tang M" first="Ming" last="Tang">Ming Tang</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Arid-land Farming on the Loess Plateau, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China. tangm@nwsuaf.edu.cn.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China. tangm@nwsuaf.edu.cn.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chen, Hui" sort="Chen, Hui" uniqKey="Chen H" first="Hui" last="Chen">Hui Chen</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Arid-land Farming on the Loess Plateau, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PubMed</idno><date when="2016">2016</date><idno type="RBID">pubmed:27116963</idno><idno type="pmid">27116963</idno><idno type="doi">10.1007/s11274-016-2053-0</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Corpus">001089</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Main" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PubMed">001089</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en">Characterizing and handling different kinds of AM fungal spores in the rhizosphere.</title><author><name sortKey="Sun, Xueguang" sort="Sun, Xueguang" uniqKey="Sun X" first="Xueguang" last="Sun">Xueguang Sun</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Arid-land Farming on the Loess Plateau, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hu, Wentao" sort="Hu, Wentao" uniqKey="Hu W" first="Wentao" last="Hu">Wentao Hu</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Arid-land Farming on the Loess Plateau, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tang, Ming" sort="Tang, Ming" uniqKey="Tang M" first="Ming" last="Tang">Ming Tang</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Arid-land Farming on the Loess Plateau, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China. tangm@nwsuaf.edu.cn.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China. tangm@nwsuaf.edu.cn.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chen, Hui" sort="Chen, Hui" uniqKey="Chen H" first="Hui" last="Chen">Hui Chen</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Arid-land Farming on the Loess Plateau, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">World journal of microbiology & biotechnology</title><idno type="eISSN">1573-0972</idno><imprint><date when="2016" type="published">2016</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>China (MeSH)</term><term>Cold Temperature (MeSH)</term><term>Ecosystem (MeSH)</term><term>Microbial Viability (MeSH)</term><term>Mycorrhizae (classification)</term><term>Mycorrhizae (genetics)</term><term>Mycorrhizae (isolation & purification)</term><term>Mycorrhizae (physiology)</term><term>Plant Roots (microbiology)</term><term>Rhizosphere (MeSH)</term><term>Soil Microbiology (MeSH)</term><term>Species Specificity (MeSH)</term><term>Spores, Fungal (classification)</term><term>Spores, Fungal (isolation & purification)</term><term>Spores, Fungal (physiology)</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="classification" xml:lang="en"><term>Mycorrhizae</term><term>Spores, Fungal</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="genetics" xml:lang="en"><term>Mycorrhizae</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="isolation & purification" xml:lang="en"><term>Mycorrhizae</term><term>Spores, Fungal</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="microbiology" xml:lang="en"><term>Plant Roots</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="physiology" xml:lang="en"><term>Mycorrhizae</term><term>Spores, Fungal</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="en"><term>China</term><term>Cold Temperature</term><term>Ecosystem</term><term>Microbial Viability</term><term>Rhizosphere</term><term>Soil Microbiology</term><term>Species Specificity</term></keywords></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">Spores are important propagules as well as the most reliable species-distinguishing traits of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi. During surveys of AM fungal communities, spore enumeration and spore identification are frequently conducted, but generally little attention is given to the age and viability of the spores. In this study, AM fungal spores in the rhizosphere were characterized as live or dead by vital staining and by performing a germination assay. A considerable proportion of the spores in the rhizosphere were dead despite their intact appearance. Furthermore, morphological and molecular analyses of spores to determine species identity revealed that both viable spores and dead spores with contents were identified. The accurate identification of spores at different developmental stages on the basis of morphology requires considerable experience. Our findings suggest that surveys of AM fungal communities based on spore enumeration and morphological and molecular identification are likely to be inaccurate, primarily because of the large proportion of dead spores in the rhizosphere. A viability check is recommended prior to spore molecular identification, and the use of trap cultures would give more reliable morphological identification results. We show that the abundance and activity of AM fungi in the rhizosphere can be determined by calculating the density of viable spores and the density of spores that could germinate. The adoption of these methods should provide a more reliable basis for further AM fungal community analysis. </div></front></TEI><pubmed><MedlineCitation Status="MEDLINE" Owner="NLM"><PMID Version="1">27116963</PMID><DateCompleted><Year>2017</Year><Month>04</Month><Day>13</Day></DateCompleted><DateRevised><Year>2018</Year><Month>11</Month><Day>13</Day></DateRevised><Article PubModel="Print-Electronic"><Journal><ISSN IssnType="Electronic">1573-0972</ISSN><JournalIssue CitedMedium="Internet"><Volume>32</Volume><Issue>6</Issue><PubDate><Year>2016</Year><Month>Jun</Month></PubDate></JournalIssue><Title>World journal of microbiology & biotechnology</Title><ISOAbbreviation>World J Microbiol Biotechnol</ISOAbbreviation></Journal><ArticleTitle>Characterizing and handling different kinds of AM fungal spores in the rhizosphere.</ArticleTitle><Pagination><MedlinePgn>97</MedlinePgn></Pagination><ELocationID EIdType="doi" ValidYN="Y">10.1007/s11274-016-2053-0</ELocationID><Abstract><AbstractText>Spores are important propagules as well as the most reliable species-distinguishing traits of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi. During surveys of AM fungal communities, spore enumeration and spore identification are frequently conducted, but generally little attention is given to the age and viability of the spores. In this study, AM fungal spores in the rhizosphere were characterized as live or dead by vital staining and by performing a germination assay. A considerable proportion of the spores in the rhizosphere were dead despite their intact appearance. Furthermore, morphological and molecular analyses of spores to determine species identity revealed that both viable spores and dead spores with contents were identified. The accurate identification of spores at different developmental stages on the basis of morphology requires considerable experience. Our findings suggest that surveys of AM fungal communities based on spore enumeration and morphological and molecular identification are likely to be inaccurate, primarily because of the large proportion of dead spores in the rhizosphere. A viability check is recommended prior to spore molecular identification, and the use of trap cultures would give more reliable morphological identification results. We show that the abundance and activity of AM fungi in the rhizosphere can be determined by calculating the density of viable spores and the density of spores that could germinate. The adoption of these methods should provide a more reliable basis for further AM fungal community analysis. </AbstractText></Abstract><AuthorList CompleteYN="Y"><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Sun</LastName><ForeName>Xueguang</ForeName><Initials>X</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Arid-land Farming on the Loess Plateau, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Hu</LastName><ForeName>Wentao</ForeName><Initials>W</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Arid-land Farming on the Loess Plateau, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Tang</LastName><ForeName>Ming</ForeName><Initials>M</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Arid-land Farming on the Loess Plateau, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China. tangm@nwsuaf.edu.cn.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China. tangm@nwsuaf.edu.cn.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Chen</LastName><ForeName>Hui</ForeName><Initials>H</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Arid-land Farming on the Loess Plateau, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author></AuthorList><Language>eng</Language><PublicationTypeList><PublicationType UI="D016428">Journal Article</PublicationType></PublicationTypeList><ArticleDate DateType="Electronic"><Year>2016</Year><Month>04</Month><Day>27</Day></ArticleDate></Article><MedlineJournalInfo><Country>Germany</Country><MedlineTA>World J Microbiol Biotechnol</MedlineTA><NlmUniqueID>9012472</NlmUniqueID><ISSNLinking>0959-3993</ISSNLinking></MedlineJournalInfo><CitationSubset>IM</CitationSubset><MeshHeadingList><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D002681" MajorTopicYN="N">China</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D003080" MajorTopicYN="N">Cold Temperature</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D017753" MajorTopicYN="N">Ecosystem</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D050296" MajorTopicYN="N">Microbial Viability</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D038821" MajorTopicYN="N">Mycorrhizae</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000145" MajorTopicYN="Y">classification</QualifierName><QualifierName UI="Q000235" MajorTopicYN="N">genetics</QualifierName><QualifierName UI="Q000302" MajorTopicYN="N">isolation & purification</QualifierName><QualifierName UI="Q000502" MajorTopicYN="N">physiology</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D018517" MajorTopicYN="N">Plant Roots</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000382" MajorTopicYN="N">microbiology</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D058441" MajorTopicYN="Y">Rhizosphere</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D012988" MajorTopicYN="Y">Soil Microbiology</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D013045" MajorTopicYN="N">Species Specificity</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D013172" MajorTopicYN="N">Spores, Fungal</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000145" MajorTopicYN="N">classification</QualifierName><QualifierName UI="Q000302" MajorTopicYN="N">isolation & purification</QualifierName><QualifierName UI="Q000502" MajorTopicYN="N">physiology</QualifierName></MeshHeading></MeshHeadingList><KeywordList Owner="NOTNLM"><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">Spore density</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">Spore germination</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">Spore identification</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">Spore viability</Keyword></KeywordList></MedlineCitation><PubmedData><History><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="received"><Year>2015</Year><Month>05</Month><Day>23</Day></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="accepted"><Year>2016</Year><Month>03</Month><Day>13</Day></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="entrez"><Year>2016</Year><Month>4</Month><Day>28</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="pubmed"><Year>2016</Year><Month>4</Month><Day>28</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="medline"><Year>2017</Year><Month>4</Month><Day>14</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate></History><PublicationStatus>ppublish</PublicationStatus><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">27116963</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="doi">10.1007/s11274-016-2053-0</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="pii">10.1007/s11274-016-2053-0</ArticleId></ArticleIdList><ReferenceList><Reference><Citation>Mycologia. 2010 Mar-Apr;102(2):261-8</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">20361494</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference><Reference><Citation>Mycorrhiza. 2002 Aug;12(4):181-4</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">12189472</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference><Reference><Citation>Mycorrhiza. 2006 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