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<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Diversity and Evolution of Effector Loci in Natural Populations of the Plant Pathogen <italic>Melampsora lini</italic></title><author><name sortKey="Barrett, Luke G" sort="Barrett, Luke G" uniqKey="Barrett L" first="Luke G." last="Barrett">Luke G. Barrett</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1">CSIRO Plant Industry, GPO Box 1600, Canberra, ACT Australia</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff2">School of Botany and Zoology, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Thrall, Peter H" sort="Thrall, Peter H" uniqKey="Thrall P" first="Peter H." last="Thrall">Peter H. Thrall</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1">CSIRO Plant Industry, GPO Box 1600, Canberra, ACT Australia</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Dodds, Peter N" sort="Dodds, Peter N" uniqKey="Dodds P" first="Peter N." last="Dodds">Peter N. Dodds</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1">CSIRO Plant Industry, GPO Box 1600, Canberra, ACT Australia</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Van Der Merwe, Marlien" sort="Van Der Merwe, Marlien" uniqKey="Van Der Merwe M" first="Marlien" last="Van Der Merwe">Marlien Van Der Merwe</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1">CSIRO Plant Industry, GPO Box 1600, Canberra, ACT Australia</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Linde, Celeste C" sort="Linde, Celeste C" uniqKey="Linde C" first="Celeste C." last="Linde">Celeste C. Linde</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff2">School of Botany and Zoology, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lawrence, Gregory J" sort="Lawrence, Gregory J" uniqKey="Lawrence G" first="Gregory J." last="Lawrence">Gregory J. Lawrence</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1">CSIRO Plant Industry, GPO Box 1600, Canberra, ACT Australia</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Burdon, Jeremy J" sort="Burdon, Jeremy J" uniqKey="Burdon J" first="Jeremy J." last="Burdon">Jeremy J. Burdon</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1">CSIRO Plant Industry, GPO Box 1600, Canberra, ACT Australia</nlm:aff></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno><idno type="pmid">19633228</idno><idno type="pmc">2767095</idno><idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2767095</idno><idno type="RBID">PMC:2767095</idno><idno type="doi">10.1093/molbev/msp166</idno><date when="2009">2009</date><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">000442</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PMC">000442</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Diversity and Evolution of Effector Loci in Natural Populations of the Plant Pathogen <italic>Melampsora lini</italic></title><author><name sortKey="Barrett, Luke G" sort="Barrett, Luke G" uniqKey="Barrett L" first="Luke G." last="Barrett">Luke G. Barrett</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1">CSIRO Plant Industry, GPO Box 1600, Canberra, ACT Australia</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff2">School of Botany and Zoology, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Thrall, Peter H" sort="Thrall, Peter H" uniqKey="Thrall P" first="Peter H." last="Thrall">Peter H. Thrall</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1">CSIRO Plant Industry, GPO Box 1600, Canberra, ACT Australia</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Dodds, Peter N" sort="Dodds, Peter N" uniqKey="Dodds P" first="Peter N." last="Dodds">Peter N. Dodds</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1">CSIRO Plant Industry, GPO Box 1600, Canberra, ACT Australia</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Van Der Merwe, Marlien" sort="Van Der Merwe, Marlien" uniqKey="Van Der Merwe M" first="Marlien" last="Van Der Merwe">Marlien Van Der Merwe</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1">CSIRO Plant Industry, GPO Box 1600, Canberra, ACT Australia</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Linde, Celeste C" sort="Linde, Celeste C" uniqKey="Linde C" first="Celeste C." last="Linde">Celeste C. Linde</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff2">School of Botany and Zoology, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lawrence, Gregory J" sort="Lawrence, Gregory J" uniqKey="Lawrence G" first="Gregory J." last="Lawrence">Gregory J. Lawrence</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1">CSIRO Plant Industry, GPO Box 1600, Canberra, ACT Australia</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Burdon, Jeremy J" sort="Burdon, Jeremy J" uniqKey="Burdon J" first="Jeremy J." last="Burdon">Jeremy J. Burdon</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1">CSIRO Plant Industry, GPO Box 1600, Canberra, ACT Australia</nlm:aff></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Molecular Biology and Evolution</title><idno type="ISSN">0737-4038</idno><idno type="eISSN">1537-1719</idno><imprint><date when="2009">2009</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p>Genetic variation for pathogen infectivity is an important driver of disease incidence and prevalence in both natural and managed systems. Here, we use the interaction between the rust pathogen, <italic>Melampsora lini</italic>, and two host plants, <italic>Linum marginale</italic> and <italic>Linum usitatissimum</italic>, to examine how host<italic>–</italic>pathogen interactions influence the maintenance of polymorphism in genes underlying pathogen virulence. Extensive sequence variation at two effector loci (<italic>AvrP123</italic>, <italic>AvrP4</italic>) was found in <italic>M. lini</italic> isolates collected from across the native range of <italic>L. marginale</italic> in Australia, as well as in isolates collected from a second host, the cultivated species <italic>L. usitatissimum</italic>. A highly significant excess of nonsynonymous compared with synonymous polymorphism was found at both loci, suggesting that diversifying selection is important for the maintenance of the observed sequence diversity. <italic>Agrobacterium</italic>-mediated transient transformation assays were used to demonstrate that variants of both the <italic>AvrP123</italic> and <italic>AvrP4</italic> genes are differentially recognized by resistance genes in <italic>L. marginale.</italic> We further characterized patterns of nucleotide variation at <italic>AvrP123</italic> and <italic>AvrP4</italic> in 10 local populations of <italic>M. lini</italic> infecting the wild host <italic>L. marginale</italic>. Populations were significantly differentiated with respect to allelic representation at the <italic>Avr</italic> loci, suggesting the possibility of local selection maintaining distinct genetic structures between pathogen populations, whereas limited diversity may be explained via selective sweeps and demographic bottlenecks. Together, these results imply that interacting selective and nonselective factors, acting across a broad range of scales, are important for the generation and maintenance of adaptively significant variation in populations of <italic>M. lini</italic>.</p></div></front></TEI><pmc article-type="research-article"><pmc-comment>The publisher of this article does not allow downloading of the full text in XML form.</pmc-comment>
<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Mol Biol Evol</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="hwp">molbiolevol</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">molbev</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title>Molecular Biology and Evolution</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0737-4038</issn><issn pub-type="epub">1537-1719</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Oxford University Press</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">19633228</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="pmc">2767095</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1093/molbev/msp166</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Articles</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Diversity and Evolution of Effector Loci in Natural Populations of the Plant Pathogen <italic>Melampsora lini</italic></article-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Barrett</surname><given-names>Luke G.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">*</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">†</xref><xref ref-type="author-notes" rid="fn1">1</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Thrall</surname><given-names>Peter H.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">*</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Dodds</surname><given-names>Peter N.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">*</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>van der Merwe</surname><given-names>Marlien</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">*</xref><xref ref-type="author-notes" rid="fn2">2</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Linde</surname><given-names>Celeste C.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">†</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Lawrence</surname><given-names>Gregory J.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">*</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Burdon</surname><given-names>Jeremy J.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">*</xref></contrib></contrib-group><aff id="aff1"><label>*</label>CSIRO Plant Industry, GPO Box 1600, Canberra, ACT Australia</aff><aff id="aff2"><label>†</label>School of Botany and Zoology, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia</aff><author-notes><corresp>E-mail: <email>lukeb@uchicago.edu</email>.</corresp><fn id="fn1"><label>1</label><p>Present address: Department of Ecology and Evolution, The University of Chicago.</p></fn><fn id="fn2"><label>2</label><p>Present address: Botanic Gardens Trust, National Herbarium of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.</p></fn><fn><p>John H. McDonald, Associate Editor</p></fn></author-notes><pmc-comment>Fake ppub date generated by PMC from publisher pub-date/@pub-type='epub-ppub' </pmc-comment>
<pub-date pub-type="ppub"><month>11</month><year>2009</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>24</day><month>7</month><year>2009</year></pub-date><volume>26</volume><issue>11</issue><fpage>2499</fpage><lpage>2513</lpage><history><date date-type="accepted"><day>17</day><month>7</month><year>2009</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement>© The Author 2009. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society for Molecular Biology and Evolution. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2009</copyright-year></permissions><abstract><p>Genetic variation for pathogen infectivity is an important driver of disease incidence and prevalence in both natural and managed systems. Here, we use the interaction between the rust pathogen, <italic>Melampsora lini</italic>, and two host plants, <italic>Linum marginale</italic> and <italic>Linum usitatissimum</italic>, to examine how host<italic>–</italic>pathogen interactions influence the maintenance of polymorphism in genes underlying pathogen virulence. Extensive sequence variation at two effector loci (<italic>AvrP123</italic>, <italic>AvrP4</italic>) was found in <italic>M. lini</italic> isolates collected from across the native range of <italic>L. marginale</italic> in Australia, as well as in isolates collected from a second host, the cultivated species <italic>L. usitatissimum</italic>. A highly significant excess of nonsynonymous compared with synonymous polymorphism was found at both loci, suggesting that diversifying selection is important for the maintenance of the observed sequence diversity. <italic>Agrobacterium</italic>-mediated transient transformation assays were used to demonstrate that variants of both the <italic>AvrP123</italic> and <italic>AvrP4</italic> genes are differentially recognized by resistance genes in <italic>L. marginale.</italic> We further characterized patterns of nucleotide variation at <italic>AvrP123</italic> and <italic>AvrP4</italic> in 10 local populations of <italic>M. lini</italic> infecting the wild host <italic>L. marginale</italic>. Populations were significantly differentiated with respect to allelic representation at the <italic>Avr</italic> loci, suggesting the possibility of local selection maintaining distinct genetic structures between pathogen populations, whereas limited diversity may be explained via selective sweeps and demographic bottlenecks. Together, these results imply that interacting selective and nonselective factors, acting across a broad range of scales, are important for the generation and maintenance of adaptively significant variation in populations of <italic>M. lini</italic>.</p></abstract><kwd-group><kwd>parasite</kwd><kwd>selection</kwd><kwd>virulence</kwd><kwd>effector</kwd><kwd>polymorphism</kwd><kwd>metapopulation</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front></pmc></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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