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Combating a Global Threat to a Clonal Crop: Banana Black Sigatoka Pathogen Pseudocercospora fijiensis (Synonym Mycosphaerella fijiensis) Genomes Reveal Clues for Disease Control

Identifieur interne : 000730 ( Ncbi/Checkpoint ); précédent : 000729; suivant : 000731

Combating a Global Threat to a Clonal Crop: Banana Black Sigatoka Pathogen Pseudocercospora fijiensis (Synonym Mycosphaerella fijiensis) Genomes Reveal Clues for Disease Control

Auteurs : Rafael E. Arango Isaza [Colombie] ; Caucasella Diaz-Trujillo [Pays-Bas] ; Braham Dhillon [États-Unis] ; Andrea Aerts [États-Unis] ; Jean Carlier [France] ; Charles F. Crane [États-Unis] ; Tristan V. De Jong [Pays-Bas] ; Ineke De Vries [Pays-Bas] ; Robert Dietrich [États-Unis] ; Andrew D. Farmer [États-Unis] ; Claudia Fortes Fereira [Brésil] ; Suzana Garcia [Brésil] ; Mauricio Guzman [Costa Rica] ; Richard C. Hamelin [Canada] ; Erika A. Lindquist [États-Unis] ; Rahim Mehrabi [Iran] ; Olman Quiros [Costa Rica] ; Jeremy Schmutz [États-Unis] ; Harris Shapiro [États-Unis] ; Elizabeth Reynolds [Royaume-Uni] ; Gabriel Scalliet [Suisse] ; Manoel Souza [Pays-Bas] ; Ioannis Stergiopoulos [États-Unis] ; Theo A. J. Van Der Lee [Pays-Bas] ; Pierre J. G. M. De Wit [Pays-Bas] ; Marie-Françoise Zapater [France] ; Lute-Harm Zwiers [Pays-Bas] ; Igor V. Grigoriev [États-Unis] ; Stephen B. Goodwin [États-Unis] ; Gert H. J. Kema [Pays-Bas]

Source :

RBID : PMC:4981457

Abstract

Black Sigatoka or black leaf streak disease, caused by the Dothideomycete fungus Pseudocercospora fijiensis (previously: Mycosphaerella fijiensis), is the most significant foliar disease of banana worldwide. Due to the lack of effective host resistance, management of this disease requires frequent fungicide applications, which greatly increase the economic and environmental costs to produce banana. Weekly applications in most banana plantations lead to rapid evolution of fungicide-resistant strains within populations causing disease-control failures throughout the world. Given its extremely high economic importance, two strains of P. fijiensis were sequenced and assembled with the aid of a new genetic linkage map. The 74-Mb genome of P. fijiensis is massively expanded by LTR retrotransposons, making it the largest genome within the Dothideomycetes. Melting-curve assays suggest that the genomes of two closely related members of the Sigatoka disease complex, P. eumusae and P. musae, also are expanded. Electrophoretic karyotyping and analyses of molecular markers in P. fijiensis field populations showed chromosome-length polymorphisms and high genetic diversity. Genetic differentiation was also detected using neutral markers, suggesting strong selection with limited gene flow at the studied geographic scale. Frequencies of fungicide resistance in fungicide-treated plantations were much higher than those in untreated wild-type P. fijiensis populations. A homologue of the Cladosporium fulvum Avr4 effector, PfAvr4, was identified in the P. fijiensis genome. Infiltration of the purified PfAVR4 protein into leaves of the resistant banana variety Calcutta 4 resulted in a hypersensitive-like response. This result suggests that Calcutta 4 could carry an unknown resistance gene recognizing PfAVR4. Besides adding to our understanding of the overall Dothideomycete genome structures, the P. fijiensis genome will aid in developing fungicide treatment schedules to combat this pathogen and in improving the efficiency of banana breeding programs.


Url:
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1005876
PubMed: 27512984
PubMed Central: 4981457


Affiliations:


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PMC:4981457

Le document en format XML

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<analytic>
<title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Combating a Global Threat to a Clonal Crop: Banana Black Sigatoka Pathogen
<italic>Pseudocercospora fijiensis</italic>
(Synonym
<italic>Mycosphaerella fijiensis</italic>
) Genomes Reveal Clues for Disease Control</title>
<author>
<name sortKey="Arango Isaza, Rafael E" sort="Arango Isaza, Rafael E" uniqKey="Arango Isaza R" first="Rafael E." last="Arango Isaza">Rafael E. Arango Isaza</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="aff001">
<addr-line>Escuela de Biociencias, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Medellín, Colombia</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Colombie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Escuela de Biociencias, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Medellín</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Medellín</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="aff002">
<addr-line>Plant Biotechnology Unit, Corporación Para Investigaciones Biológicas, Medellín, Colombia</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Colombie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Plant Biotechnology Unit, Corporación Para Investigaciones Biológicas, Medellín</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Medellín</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Diaz Trujillo, Caucasella" sort="Diaz Trujillo, Caucasella" uniqKey="Diaz Trujillo C" first="Caucasella" last="Diaz-Trujillo">Caucasella Diaz-Trujillo</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="aff003">
<addr-line>Plant Research International, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Plant Research International, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Wageningen</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Dhillon, Braham" sort="Dhillon, Braham" uniqKey="Dhillon B" first="Braham" last="Dhillon">Braham Dhillon</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2">
<nlm:aff id="aff004">
<addr-line>Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, United States of America</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName>
<region type="state">Indiana</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Aerts, Andrea" sort="Aerts, Andrea" uniqKey="Aerts A" first="Andrea" last="Aerts">Andrea Aerts</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2">
<nlm:aff id="aff005">
<addr-line>US Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Walnut Creek, California, United States of America</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>US Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Walnut Creek, California</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName>
<region type="state">Californie</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Carlier, Jean" sort="Carlier, Jean" uniqKey="Carlier J" first="Jean" last="Carlier">Jean Carlier</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3">
<nlm:aff id="aff006">
<addr-line>CIRAD, UMR BGPI, Montpellier, France</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">France</country>
<wicri:regionArea>CIRAD, UMR BGPI, Montpellier</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName>
<region type="region">Occitanie (région administrative)</region>
<region type="old region">Languedoc-Roussillon</region>
<settlement type="city">Montpellier</settlement>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Crane, Charles F" sort="Crane, Charles F" uniqKey="Crane C" first="Charles F." last="Crane">Charles F. Crane</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2">
<nlm:aff id="aff007">
<addr-line>USDA-Agricultural Research Service, West Lafayette, Indiana, United States of America</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>USDA-Agricultural Research Service, West Lafayette, Indiana</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName>
<region type="state">Indiana</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="V De Jong, Tristan" sort="V De Jong, Tristan" uniqKey="V De Jong T" first="Tristan" last="V. De Jong">Tristan V. De Jong</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="aff003">
<addr-line>Plant Research International, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Plant Research International, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Wageningen</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="De Vries, Ineke" sort="De Vries, Ineke" uniqKey="De Vries I" first="Ineke" last="De Vries">Ineke De Vries</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="aff003">
<addr-line>Plant Research International, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Plant Research International, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Wageningen</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Dietrich, Robert" sort="Dietrich, Robert" uniqKey="Dietrich R" first="Robert" last="Dietrich">Robert Dietrich</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="aff008">
<addr-line>Syngenta Biotechnology Inc., Research Triangle Park, United States of America</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Syngenta Biotechnology Inc., Research Triangle Park</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Research Triangle Park</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Farmer, Andrew D" sort="Farmer, Andrew D" uniqKey="Farmer A" first="Andrew D." last="Farmer">Andrew D. Farmer</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="aff009">
<addr-line>National Center for Genome Resources, Santa Fe, United States of America</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>National Center for Genome Resources, Santa Fe</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Santa Fe</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Fortes Fereira, Claudia" sort="Fortes Fereira, Claudia" uniqKey="Fortes Fereira C" first="Claudia" last="Fortes Fereira">Claudia Fortes Fereira</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2">
<nlm:aff id="aff010">
<addr-line>Embrapa Mandioca e Fruticultura, Cruz das Almas, BA, Brazil</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Brésil</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Embrapa Mandioca e Fruticultura, Cruz das Almas, BA</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName>
<region type="state">Bahia</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Garcia, Suzana" sort="Garcia, Suzana" uniqKey="Garcia S" first="Suzana" last="Garcia">Suzana Garcia</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="aff011">
<addr-line>University of Lavras, Lavras, Brazil</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Brésil</country>
<wicri:regionArea>University of Lavras, Lavras</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Lavras</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Guzman, Mauricio" sort="Guzman, Mauricio" uniqKey="Guzman M" first="Mauricio" last="Guzman">Mauricio Guzman</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="aff012">
<addr-line>National Banana Corporation of Costa Rica (CORBANA), La Rita de Pococí, Limón, Costa Rica</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Costa Rica</country>
<wicri:regionArea>National Banana Corporation of Costa Rica (CORBANA), La Rita de Pococí, Limón</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Limón</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Hamelin, Richard C" sort="Hamelin, Richard C" uniqKey="Hamelin R" first="Richard C." last="Hamelin">Richard C. Hamelin</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4">
<nlm:aff id="aff013">
<addr-line>Department of Forest and Conservation Sciences, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Forest and Conservation Sciences, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC</wicri:regionArea>
<orgName type="university">Université de la Colombie-Britannique</orgName>
<placeName>
<settlement type="city">Vancouver</settlement>
<region type="state">Colombie-Britannique </region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="aff014">
<addr-line>Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Laurentian Forestry Centre, Québec, QC, Canada</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Laurentian Forestry Centre, Québec, QC</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>QC</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Lindquist, Erika A" sort="Lindquist, Erika A" uniqKey="Lindquist E" first="Erika A." last="Lindquist">Erika A. Lindquist</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2">
<nlm:aff id="aff005">
<addr-line>US Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Walnut Creek, California, United States of America</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>US Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Walnut Creek, California</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName>
<region type="state">Californie</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Mehrabi, Rahim" sort="Mehrabi, Rahim" uniqKey="Mehrabi R" first="Rahim" last="Mehrabi">Rahim Mehrabi</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="aff015">
<addr-line>Department of Genetics, Seed and Plant Improvement Institute, Karaj, Iran</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Iran</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Genetics, Seed and Plant Improvement Institute, Karaj</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Karaj</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Quiros, Olman" sort="Quiros, Olman" uniqKey="Quiros O" first="Olman" last="Quiros">Olman Quiros</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="aff012">
<addr-line>National Banana Corporation of Costa Rica (CORBANA), La Rita de Pococí, Limón, Costa Rica</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Costa Rica</country>
<wicri:regionArea>National Banana Corporation of Costa Rica (CORBANA), La Rita de Pococí, Limón</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Limón</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Schmutz, Jeremy" sort="Schmutz, Jeremy" uniqKey="Schmutz J" first="Jeremy" last="Schmutz">Jeremy Schmutz</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2">
<nlm:aff id="aff005">
<addr-line>US Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Walnut Creek, California, United States of America</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>US Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Walnut Creek, California</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName>
<region type="state">Californie</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Shapiro, Harris" sort="Shapiro, Harris" uniqKey="Shapiro H" first="Harris" last="Shapiro">Harris Shapiro</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2">
<nlm:aff id="aff005">
<addr-line>US Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Walnut Creek, California, United States of America</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>US Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Walnut Creek, California</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName>
<region type="state">Californie</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Reynolds, Elizabeth" sort="Reynolds, Elizabeth" uniqKey="Reynolds E" first="Elizabeth" last="Reynolds">Elizabeth Reynolds</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="aff016">
<addr-line>General Bioinformatics at Syngenta Crop protection Jeallots Hill International Research Centre, Bracknell Berkshire, United Kingdom</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>General Bioinformatics at Syngenta Crop protection Jeallots Hill International Research Centre, Bracknell Berkshire</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Bracknell Berkshire</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Scalliet, Gabriel" sort="Scalliet, Gabriel" uniqKey="Scalliet G" first="Gabriel" last="Scalliet">Gabriel Scalliet</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="aff017">
<addr-line>Syngenta Crop Protection, Münchwilen AG, Stein, Switzerland</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Suisse</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Syngenta Crop Protection, Münchwilen AG, Stein</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Stein</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Souza, Manoel" sort="Souza, Manoel" uniqKey="Souza M" first="Manoel" last="Souza">Manoel Souza</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="aff018">
<addr-line>Embrapa-LABEX Europe, Wageningen, The Netherlands</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Embrapa-LABEX Europe, Wageningen</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Wageningen</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Stergiopoulos, Ioannis" sort="Stergiopoulos, Ioannis" uniqKey="Stergiopoulos I" first="Ioannis" last="Stergiopoulos">Ioannis Stergiopoulos</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2">
<nlm:aff id="aff019">
<addr-line>University of California, Davis, Davis, California, United States of America</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>University of California, Davis, Davis, California</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName>
<region type="state">Californie</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Van Der Lee, Theo A J" sort="Van Der Lee, Theo A J" uniqKey="Van Der Lee T" first="Theo A. J." last="Van Der Lee">Theo A. J. Van Der Lee</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="aff003">
<addr-line>Plant Research International, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Plant Research International, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Wageningen</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="De Wit, Pierre J G M" sort="De Wit, Pierre J G M" uniqKey="De Wit P" first="Pierre J. G. M." last="De Wit">Pierre J. G. M. De Wit</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4">
<nlm:aff id="aff020">
<addr-line>Wageningen University, Laboratory of Phytopathology, Wageningen, The Netherlands</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Wageningen University, Laboratory of Phytopathology, Wageningen</wicri:regionArea>
<orgName type="university">Université de Wageningue</orgName>
<placeName>
<settlement type="city">Wageningue</settlement>
<region nuts="2">Gueldre (province)</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Zapater, Marie Francoise" sort="Zapater, Marie Francoise" uniqKey="Zapater M" first="Marie-Françoise" last="Zapater">Marie-Françoise Zapater</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3">
<nlm:aff id="aff006">
<addr-line>CIRAD, UMR BGPI, Montpellier, France</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">France</country>
<wicri:regionArea>CIRAD, UMR BGPI, Montpellier</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName>
<region type="region">Occitanie (région administrative)</region>
<region type="old region">Languedoc-Roussillon</region>
<settlement type="city">Montpellier</settlement>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Zwiers, Lute Harm" sort="Zwiers, Lute Harm" uniqKey="Zwiers L" first="Lute-Harm" last="Zwiers">Lute-Harm Zwiers</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3">
<nlm:aff id="aff021">
<addr-line>CBS-KNAW Fungal Diversity Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country>
<wicri:regionArea>CBS-KNAW Fungal Diversity Center, Utrecht</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName>
<settlement type="city">Utrecht</settlement>
<region nuts="2" type="province">Utrecht (province)</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Grigoriev, Igor V" sort="Grigoriev, Igor V" uniqKey="Grigoriev I" first="Igor V." last="Grigoriev">Igor V. Grigoriev</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2">
<nlm:aff id="aff005">
<addr-line>US Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Walnut Creek, California, United States of America</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>US Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Walnut Creek, California</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName>
<region type="state">Californie</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Goodwin, Stephen B" sort="Goodwin, Stephen B" uniqKey="Goodwin S" first="Stephen B." last="Goodwin">Stephen B. Goodwin</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2">
<nlm:aff id="aff007">
<addr-line>USDA-Agricultural Research Service, West Lafayette, Indiana, United States of America</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>USDA-Agricultural Research Service, West Lafayette, Indiana</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName>
<region type="state">Indiana</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Kema, Gert H J" sort="Kema, Gert H J" uniqKey="Kema G" first="Gert H. J." last="Kema">Gert H. J. Kema</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="aff003">
<addr-line>Plant Research International, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Plant Research International, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Wageningen</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="4">
<nlm:aff id="aff020">
<addr-line>Wageningen University, Laboratory of Phytopathology, Wageningen, The Netherlands</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Wageningen University, Laboratory of Phytopathology, Wageningen</wicri:regionArea>
<orgName type="university">Université de Wageningue</orgName>
<placeName>
<settlement type="city">Wageningue</settlement>
<region nuts="2">Gueldre (province)</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
</analytic>
<series>
<title level="j">PLoS Genetics</title>
<idno type="ISSN">1553-7390</idno>
<idno type="eISSN">1553-7404</idno>
<imprint>
<date when="2016">2016</date>
</imprint>
</series>
</biblStruct>
</sourceDesc>
</fileDesc>
<profileDesc>
<textClass></textClass>
</profileDesc>
</teiHeader>
<front>
<div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">
<p>Black Sigatoka or black leaf streak disease, caused by the Dothideomycete fungus
<italic>Pseudocercospora fijiensis</italic>
(previously:
<italic>Mycosphaerella fijiensis</italic>
), is the most significant foliar disease of banana worldwide. Due to the lack of effective host resistance, management of this disease requires frequent fungicide applications, which greatly increase the economic and environmental costs to produce banana. Weekly applications in most banana plantations lead to rapid evolution of fungicide-resistant strains within populations causing disease-control failures throughout the world. Given its extremely high economic importance, two strains of
<italic>P</italic>
.
<italic>fijiensis</italic>
were sequenced and assembled with the aid of a new genetic linkage map. The 74-Mb genome of
<italic>P</italic>
.
<italic>fijiensis</italic>
is massively expanded by LTR retrotransposons, making it the largest genome within the Dothideomycetes. Melting-curve assays suggest that the genomes of two closely related members of the Sigatoka disease complex,
<italic>P</italic>
.
<italic>eumusae</italic>
and
<italic>P</italic>
.
<italic>musae</italic>
, also are expanded. Electrophoretic karyotyping and analyses of molecular markers in
<italic>P</italic>
.
<italic>fijiensis</italic>
field populations showed chromosome-length polymorphisms and high genetic diversity. Genetic differentiation was also detected using neutral markers, suggesting strong selection with limited gene flow at the studied geographic scale. Frequencies of fungicide resistance in fungicide-treated plantations were much higher than those in untreated wild-type
<italic>P</italic>
.
<italic>fijiensis</italic>
populations. A homologue of the
<italic>Cladosporium fulvum Avr4</italic>
effector,
<italic>PfAvr4</italic>
, was identified in the
<italic>P</italic>
.
<italic>fijiensis</italic>
genome. Infiltration of the purified PfAVR4 protein into leaves of the resistant banana variety Calcutta 4 resulted in a hypersensitive-like response. This result suggests that Calcutta 4 could carry an unknown resistance gene recognizing PfAVR4. Besides adding to our understanding of the overall Dothideomycete genome structures, the
<italic>P</italic>
.
<italic>fijiensis</italic>
genome will aid in developing fungicide treatment schedules to combat this pathogen and in improving the efficiency of banana breeding programs.</p>
</div>
</front>
<back>
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<name sortKey="Hamelin, Richard C" sort="Hamelin, Richard C" uniqKey="Hamelin R" first="Richard C." last="Hamelin">Richard C. Hamelin</name>
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<name sortKey="Scalliet, Gabriel" sort="Scalliet, Gabriel" uniqKey="Scalliet G" first="Gabriel" last="Scalliet">Gabriel Scalliet</name>
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   |flux=    Ncbi
   |étape=   Checkpoint
   |type=    RBID
   |clé=     PMC:4981457
   |texte=   Combating a Global Threat to a Clonal Crop: Banana Black Sigatoka Pathogen Pseudocercospora fijiensis (Synonym Mycosphaerella fijiensis) Genomes Reveal Clues for Disease Control
}}

Pour générer des pages wiki

HfdIndexSelect -h $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Ncbi/Checkpoint/RBID.i   -Sk "pubmed:27512984" \
       | HfdSelect -Kh $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Ncbi/Checkpoint/biblio.hfd   \
       | NlmPubMed2Wicri -a MelampsoraV2 

Wicri

This area was generated with Dilib version V0.6.38.
Data generation: Tue Nov 24 19:18:52 2020. Site generation: Tue Nov 24 19:22:33 2020