Understanding the Evolutionary Ecology of host–pathogen Interactions Provides Insights into the Outcomes of Insect Pest Biocontrol
Identifieur interne : 000004 ( Main/Exploration ); précédent : 000003; suivant : 000005Understanding the Evolutionary Ecology of host–pathogen Interactions Provides Insights into the Outcomes of Insect Pest Biocontrol
Auteurs : David J. Páez [États-Unis] ; Arietta E. Fleming-Davies [États-Unis]Source :
- Viruses [ 1999-4915 ] ; 2020.
Abstract
The use of viral pathogens to control the population size of pest insects has produced both successful and unsuccessful outcomes. Here, we investigate whether those biocontrol successes and failures can be explained by key ecological and evolutionary processes between hosts and pathogens. Specifically, we examine how heterogeneity in pathogen transmission, ecological and evolutionary tradeoffs, and pathogen diversity affect insect population density and thus successful control. We first review the existing literature and then use numerical simulations of mathematical models to further explore these processes. Our results show that the control of insect densities using viruses depends strongly on the heterogeneity of virus transmission among insects. Overall, increased heterogeneity of transmission reduces the effect of viruses on insect densities and increases the long-term stability of insect populations. Lower equilibrium insect densities occur when transmission is heritable and when there is a tradeoff between mean transmission and insect fecundity compared to when the heterogeneity of transmission arises from non-genetic sources. Thus, the heterogeneity of transmission is a key parameter that regulates the long-term population dynamics of insects and their pathogens. We also show that both heterogeneity of transmission and life-history tradeoffs modulate characteristics of population dynamics such as the frequency and intensity of “boom–bust" population cycles. Furthermore, we show that because of life-history tradeoffs affecting the transmission rate, the use of multiple pathogen strains is more effective than the use of a single strain to control insect densities only when the pathogen strains differ considerably in their transmission characteristics. By quantifying the effects of ecology and evolution on population densities, we are able to offer recommendations to assess the long-term effects of classical biocontrol.
Url:
DOI: 10.3390/v12020141
PubMed: 31991772
PubMed Central: 7077243
Affiliations:
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Páez</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="af1-viruses-12-00141">School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences, The University of Washington, 1122 NE Boat St, Box 355020, Seattle, WA 98195, USA</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences, The University of Washington, 1122 NE Boat St, Box 355020, Seattle, WA 98195</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Washington (État)</region><settlement type="city">Seattle</settlement></placeName><orgName type="university">Université de Washington</orgName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Fleming Davies, Arietta E" sort="Fleming Davies, Arietta E" uniqKey="Fleming Davies A" first="Arietta E." last="Fleming-Davies">Arietta E. 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Páez</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="af1-viruses-12-00141">School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences, The University of Washington, 1122 NE Boat St, Box 355020, Seattle, WA 98195, USA</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences, The University of Washington, 1122 NE Boat St, Box 355020, Seattle, WA 98195</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Washington (État)</region><settlement type="city">Seattle</settlement></placeName><orgName type="university">Université de Washington</orgName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Fleming Davies, Arietta E" sort="Fleming Davies, Arietta E" uniqKey="Fleming Davies A" first="Arietta E." last="Fleming-Davies">Arietta E. Fleming-Davies</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="af2-viruses-12-00141">Department of Biology, University of San Diego, 5998 Alcala Park, San Diego, CA 92110, USA</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Biology, University of San Diego, 5998 Alcala Park, San Diego, CA 92110</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Californie</region></placeName></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Viruses</title><idno type="eISSN">1999-4915</idno><imprint><date when="2020">2020</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p>The use of viral pathogens to control the population size of pest insects has produced both successful and unsuccessful outcomes. Here, we investigate whether those biocontrol successes and failures can be explained by key ecological and evolutionary processes between hosts and pathogens. Specifically, we examine how heterogeneity in pathogen transmission, ecological and evolutionary tradeoffs, and pathogen diversity affect insect population density and thus successful control. We first review the existing literature and then use numerical simulations of mathematical models to further explore these processes. Our results show that the control of insect densities using viruses depends strongly on the heterogeneity of virus transmission among insects. Overall, increased heterogeneity of transmission reduces the effect of viruses on insect densities and increases the long-term stability of insect populations. Lower equilibrium insect densities occur when transmission is heritable and when there is a tradeoff between mean transmission and insect fecundity compared to when the heterogeneity of transmission arises from non-genetic sources. Thus, the heterogeneity of transmission is a key parameter that regulates the long-term population dynamics of insects and their pathogens. We also show that both heterogeneity of transmission and life-history tradeoffs modulate characteristics of population dynamics such as the frequency and intensity of “boom–bust" population cycles. Furthermore, we show that because of life-history tradeoffs affecting the transmission rate, the use of multiple pathogen strains is more effective than the use of a single strain to control insect densities only when the pathogen strains differ considerably in their transmission characteristics. By quantifying the effects of ecology and evolution on population densities, we are able to offer recommendations to assess the long-term effects of classical biocontrol.</p></div></front><back><div1 type="bibliography"><listBibl><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Hajek, A E" uniqKey="Hajek A">A.E. Hajek</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Kenis, M" uniqKey="Kenis M">M. Kenis</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hurley, B P" uniqKey="Hurley B">B.P. Hurley</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hajek, A E" uniqKey="Hajek A">A.E. Hajek</name></author><author><name sortKey="Cock, M J W" uniqKey="Cock M">M.J.W. Cock</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Cock, M J" uniqKey="Cock M">M.J. Cock</name></author><author><name sortKey="Murphy, S T" uniqKey="Murphy S">S.T. Murphy</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kairo, M T" uniqKey="Kairo M">M.T. 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Godfray</name></author></analytic></biblStruct></listBibl></div1></back></TEI><affiliations><list><country><li>États-Unis</li></country><region><li>Californie</li><li>Washington (État)</li></region><settlement><li>Seattle</li></settlement><orgName><li>Université de Washington</li></orgName></list><tree><country name="États-Unis"><region name="Washington (État)"><name sortKey="Paez, David J" sort="Paez, David J" uniqKey="Paez D" first="David J." last="Páez">David J. Páez</name></region><name sortKey="Fleming Davies, Arietta E" sort="Fleming Davies, Arietta E" uniqKey="Fleming Davies A" first="Arietta E." last="Fleming-Davies">Arietta E. Fleming-Davies</name></country></tree></affiliations></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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|texte= Understanding the Evolutionary Ecology of host–pathogen Interactions Provides Insights into the Outcomes of Insect Pest Biocontrol
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