Coevolution of venom function and venom resistance in a rattlesnake predator and its squirrel prey
Identifieur interne : 000673 ( Main/Exploration ); précédent : 000672; suivant : 000674Coevolution of venom function and venom resistance in a rattlesnake predator and its squirrel prey
Auteurs : Matthew L. Holding [États-Unis] ; James E. Biardi [États-Unis] ; H. Lisle Gibbs [États-Unis]Source :
- Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences [ 0962-8452 ] ; 2016.
Abstract
Measuring local adaptation can provide insights into how coevolution occurs between predators and prey. Specifically, theory predicts that local adaptation in functionally matched traits of predators and prey will not be detected when coevolution is governed by escalating arms races, whereas it will be present when coevolution occurs through an alternate mechanism of phenotype matching. Here, we analyse local adaptation in venom activity and prey resistance across 12 populations of Northern Pacific rattlesnakes and California ground squirrels, an interaction that has often been described as an arms race. Assays of venom function and squirrel resistance show substantial geographical variation (influenced by site elevation) in both venom metalloproteinase activity and resistance factor effectiveness. We demonstrate local adaptation in the effectiveness of rattlesnake venom to overcoming present squirrel resistance, suggesting that phenotype matching plays a role in the coevolution of these molecular traits. Further, the predator was the locally adapted antagonist in this interaction, arguing that rattlesnakes are evolutionarily ahead of their squirrel prey. Phenotype matching needs to be considered as an important mechanism influencing coevolution between venomous animals and resistant prey.
Url:
DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2015.2841
PubMed: 27122552
PubMed Central: 4855376
Affiliations:
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Holding</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af1"><addr-line>Department of Evolution, Ecology and Organismal Biology</addr-line>,<institution>Ohio State University</institution>,<addr-line>318 W. 12th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210</addr-line>,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Biardi, James E" sort="Biardi, James E" uniqKey="Biardi J" first="James E." last="Biardi">James E. Biardi</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af3"><addr-line>Biology Department</addr-line>,<institution>Fairfield University</institution>,<addr-line>1073 North Benson Road, Fairfield, CT 06824</addr-line>,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gibbs, H Lisle" sort="Gibbs, H Lisle" uniqKey="Gibbs H" first="H. Lisle" last="Gibbs">H. Lisle Gibbs</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af1"><addr-line>Department of Evolution, Ecology and Organismal Biology</addr-line>,<institution>Ohio State University</institution>,<addr-line>318 W. 12th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210</addr-line>,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af2"><addr-line>Ohio Biodiversity Conservation Partnership</addr-line>,<institution>Ohio State University</institution>,<addr-line>318 W. 12th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210</addr-line>,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences</title><idno type="ISSN">0962-8452</idno><idno type="eISSN">1471-2954</idno><imprint><date when="2016">2016</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p>Measuring local adaptation can provide insights into how coevolution occurs between predators and prey. Specifically, theory predicts that local adaptation in functionally matched traits of predators and prey will not be detected when coevolution is governed by escalating arms races, whereas it will be present when coevolution occurs through an alternate mechanism of phenotype matching. Here, we analyse local adaptation in venom activity and prey resistance across 12 populations of Northern Pacific rattlesnakes and California ground squirrels, an interaction that has often been described as an arms race. Assays of venom function and squirrel resistance show substantial geographical variation (influenced by site elevation) in both venom metalloproteinase activity and resistance factor effectiveness. We demonstrate local adaptation in the effectiveness of rattlesnake venom to overcoming present squirrel resistance, suggesting that phenotype matching plays a role in the coevolution of these molecular traits. Further, the predator was the locally adapted antagonist in this interaction, arguing that rattlesnakes are evolutionarily ahead of their squirrel prey. Phenotype matching needs to be considered as an important mechanism influencing coevolution between venomous animals and resistant prey.</p></div></front></TEI><affiliations><list><country><li>États-Unis</li></country></list><tree><country name="États-Unis"><noRegion><name sortKey="Holding, Matthew L" sort="Holding, Matthew L" uniqKey="Holding M" first="Matthew L." last="Holding">Matthew L. Holding</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Biardi, James E" sort="Biardi, James E" uniqKey="Biardi J" first="James E." last="Biardi">James E. Biardi</name><name sortKey="Gibbs, H Lisle" sort="Gibbs, H Lisle" uniqKey="Gibbs H" first="H. Lisle" last="Gibbs">H. Lisle Gibbs</name><name sortKey="Gibbs, H Lisle" sort="Gibbs, H Lisle" uniqKey="Gibbs H" first="H. Lisle" last="Gibbs">H. 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