Joint control of terrestrial gross primary productivity by plant phenology and physiology
Identifieur interne : 000158 ( Pmc/Curation ); précédent : 000157; suivant : 000159Joint control of terrestrial gross primary productivity by plant phenology and physiology
Auteurs : Jianyang Xia ; Shuli Niu [République populaire de Chine] ; Philippe Ciais [France] ; Ivan A. Janssens [Belgique] ; Jiquan Chen ; Christof Ammann [Suisse] ; Altaf Arain [Canada] ; Peter D. Blanken ; Alessandro Cescatti [Italie] ; Damien Bonal [France] ; Nina Buchmann [Suisse] ; Peter S. Curtis ; Shiping Chen [République populaire de Chine] ; Jinwei Dong ; Lawrence B. Flanagan [Canada] ; Christian Frankenberg ; Teodoro Georgiadis [Italie] ; Christopher M. Gough ; Dafeng Hui ; Gerard Kiely [Irlande (pays)] ; Jianwei Li [États-Unis] ; Magnus Lund [Danemark] ; Vincenzo Magliulo [Italie] ; Barbara Marcolla [Italie] ; Lutz Merbold [Suisse] ; Leonardo Montagnani [Italie] ; Eddy J. Moors [Pays-Bas] ; J Rgen E. Olesen [Danemark] ; Shilong Piao [République populaire de Chine] ; Antonio Raschi [Italie] ; Olivier Roupsard [France, Costa Rica] ; Andrew E. Suyker ; Marek Urbaniak [Pologne] ; Francesco P. Vaccari [Italie] ; Andrej Varlagin [Russie] ; Timo Vesala [Finlande] ; Matthew Wilkinson [Royaume-Uni] ; Ensheng Weng ; Georg Wohlfahrt [Autriche, Italie] ; Liming Yan [République populaire de Chine] ; Yiqi Luo [République populaire de Chine]Source :
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America [ 0027-8424 ] ; 2015.
Abstract
Terrestrial gross primary productivity (GPP), the total photosynthetic CO2 fixation at ecosystem level, fuels all life on land. However, its spatiotemporal variability is poorly understood, because GPP is determined by many processes related to plant phenology and physiological activities. In this study, we find that plant phenological and physiological properties can be integrated in a robust index—the product of the length of CO2 uptake period and the seasonal maximal photosynthesis—to explain the GPP variability over space and time in response to climate extremes and during recovery after disturbance.
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DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1413090112
PubMed: 25730847
PubMed Central: 4352779
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<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Joint control of terrestrial gross primary productivity by plant phenology and physiology</title><author><name sortKey="Xia, Jianyang" sort="Xia, Jianyang" uniqKey="Xia J" first="Jianyang" last="Xia">Jianyang Xia</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1">Department of Microbiology and Plant Biology,<institution>University of Oklahoma</institution>,<addr-line>Norman, OK 73019</addr-line>;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Niu, Shuli" sort="Niu, Shuli" uniqKey="Niu S" first="Shuli" last="Niu">Shuli Niu</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff2">Synthesis Research Center of Chinese Ecosystem Research Network, Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Beijing 100101,<country>China</country>;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ciais, Philippe" sort="Ciais, Philippe" uniqKey="Ciais P" first="Philippe" last="Ciais">Philippe Ciais</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff3">Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l’Environnement, 91191 Gif sur Yvette,<country>France</country>;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Janssens, Ivan A" sort="Janssens, Ivan A" uniqKey="Janssens I" first="Ivan A." last="Janssens">Ivan A. Janssens</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff4">Department of Biology,<institution>University of Antwerpen</institution>, 2610 Wilrijk,<country>Belgium</country>;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Belgique</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chen, Jiquan" sort="Chen, Jiquan" uniqKey="Chen J" first="Jiquan" last="Chen">Jiquan Chen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff5">Center for Global Change and Earth Observations and Department of Geography,<institution>Michigan State University</institution>,<addr-line>East Lansing, MI 48824</addr-line>;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ammann, Christof" sort="Ammann, Christof" uniqKey="Ammann C" first="Christof" last="Ammann">Christof Ammann</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff6">Climate and Air Pollution Group,<institution>Federal Research Station Agroscope</institution>, CH-8046 Zurich,<country>Switzerland</country>;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Suisse</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Arain, Altaf" sort="Arain, Altaf" uniqKey="Arain A" first="Altaf" last="Arain">Altaf Arain</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff7">School of Geography and Earth Sciences,<institution>McMaster University</institution>, Hamilton, ON,<country>Canada</country> L8S 4K1;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Blanken, Peter D" sort="Blanken, Peter D" uniqKey="Blanken P" first="Peter D." last="Blanken">Peter D. Blanken</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff8">Department of Geography,<institution>University of Colorado</institution>, Boulder,<addr-line>CO 80302</addr-line>;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cescatti, Alessandro" sort="Cescatti, Alessandro" uniqKey="Cescatti A" first="Alessandro" last="Cescatti">Alessandro Cescatti</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff9">European Commission, Joint Research Center,<institution>Institute for Environment and Sustainability</institution>, 21027 Ispra,<country>Italy</country>;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bonal, Damien" sort="Bonal, Damien" uniqKey="Bonal D" first="Damien" last="Bonal">Damien Bonal</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff10">Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique,<institution>UMR 1137 Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique–Université de Lorraine</institution>, 54280 Champenoux,<country>France</country>;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Buchmann, Nina" sort="Buchmann, Nina" uniqKey="Buchmann N" first="Nina" last="Buchmann">Nina Buchmann</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff11">Institute of Agricultural Sciences,<institution>Eidgenössiche Technische Hochschule Zurich</institution>, 8092 Zurich,<country>Switzerland</country>;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Suisse</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Curtis, Peter S" sort="Curtis, Peter S" uniqKey="Curtis P" first="Peter S." last="Curtis">Peter S. Curtis</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff12">Department of Evolution, Ecology and Organismal Biology,<institution>The Ohio State University</institution>, Columbus,<addr-line>OH 43210</addr-line>;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chen, Shiping" sort="Chen, Shiping" uniqKey="Chen S" first="Shiping" last="Chen">Shiping Chen</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff13">State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093,<country>China</country>;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Dong, Jinwei" sort="Dong, Jinwei" uniqKey="Dong J" first="Jinwei" last="Dong">Jinwei Dong</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1">Department of Microbiology and Plant Biology,<institution>University of Oklahoma</institution>,<addr-line>Norman, OK 73019</addr-line>;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Flanagan, Lawrence B" sort="Flanagan, Lawrence B" uniqKey="Flanagan L" first="Lawrence B." last="Flanagan">Lawrence B. Flanagan</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff14">Department of Biological Sciences,<institution>University of Lethbridge</institution>, Lethbridge, AB,<country>Canada</country> TIK 3M4;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Frankenberg, Christian" sort="Frankenberg, Christian" uniqKey="Frankenberg C" first="Christian" last="Frankenberg">Christian Frankenberg</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff15">Tropospheric sounding, assimilation, and modeling group,<institution>Jet Propulsion Laboratory</institution>, Pasadena,<addr-line>CA 91109</addr-line>;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Georgiadis, Teodoro" sort="Georgiadis, Teodoro" uniqKey="Georgiadis T" first="Teodoro" last="Georgiadis">Teodoro Georgiadis</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff16"><institution>Institute of Biometeorology</institution>, 40129 Bologna,<country>Italy</country>;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gough, Christopher M" sort="Gough, Christopher M" uniqKey="Gough C" first="Christopher M." last="Gough">Christopher M. Gough</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff17">Department of Biology,<institution>Virginia Commonwealth University</institution>, Richmond,<addr-line>VA 23284-2012</addr-line>;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hui, Dafeng" sort="Hui, Dafeng" uniqKey="Hui D" first="Dafeng" last="Hui">Dafeng Hui</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff18">Department of Biological Sciences,<institution>Tennessee State University</institution>,<addr-line>Nashville, TN 37209</addr-line>;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kiely, Gerard" sort="Kiely, Gerard" uniqKey="Kiely G" first="Gerard" last="Kiely">Gerard Kiely</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff19">Civil and Environmental Engineering Department and Environmental Research Institute,<institution>University College Cork</institution>, Cork,<country>Ireland</country>;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Irlande (pays)</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Li, Jianwei" sort="Li, Jianwei" uniqKey="Li J" first="Jianwei" last="Li">Jianwei Li</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1">Department of Microbiology and Plant Biology,<institution>University of Oklahoma</institution>,<addr-line>Norman, OK 73019</addr-line>;</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff20">Department of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, Tennessee State University, Nashville, TN 37209;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><placeName><region type="state">Tennessee</region></placeName><wicri:cityArea>Department of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, Tennessee State University, Nashville</wicri:cityArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lund, Magnus" sort="Lund, Magnus" uniqKey="Lund M" first="Magnus" last="Lund">Magnus Lund</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff21">Department of Bioscience,<institution>Aarhus University</institution>, 4000 Roskilde,<country>Denmark</country>;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Danemark</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Magliulo, Vincenzo" sort="Magliulo, Vincenzo" uniqKey="Magliulo V" first="Vincenzo" last="Magliulo">Vincenzo Magliulo</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff22">Institute for Mediterranean Agricultural and Forest Systems,<institution>National Research Council</institution>, 80040 Ercolano,<country>Italy</country>;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Marcolla, Barbara" sort="Marcolla, Barbara" uniqKey="Marcolla B" first="Barbara" last="Marcolla">Barbara Marcolla</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff23">Sustainable Agro-Ecosystems and Bioresources Department,<institution>Fondazione Edmund Mach</institution>,<country>38010 S. Michele all'Adige, Italy</country>;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea></wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Merbold, Lutz" sort="Merbold, Lutz" uniqKey="Merbold L" first="Lutz" last="Merbold">Lutz Merbold</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff11">Institute of Agricultural Sciences,<institution>Eidgenössiche Technische Hochschule Zurich</institution>, 8092 Zurich,<country>Switzerland</country>;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Suisse</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Montagnani, Leonardo" sort="Montagnani, Leonardo" uniqKey="Montagnani L" first="Leonardo" last="Montagnani">Leonardo Montagnani</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff24">Servizi Forestali,<institution>Provincia Autonoma di Bolzano</institution>, 39100 Bolzano,<country>Italy</country>;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff25">Faculty of Science and Technology,<institution>Free University of Bolzano</institution>, 39100 Bolzano,<country>Italy</country>;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Moors, Eddy J" sort="Moors, Eddy J" uniqKey="Moors E" first="Eddy J." last="Moors">Eddy J. Moors</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff26">Earth System Science and Climate Change Group, Wageningen University and Research Centre,<institution>Wageningen UR</institution>, 6700 AA Wageningen,<country>The Netherlands</country>;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Olesen, J Rgen E" sort="Olesen, J Rgen E" uniqKey="Olesen J" first="J Rgen E." last="Olesen">J Rgen E. Olesen</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff27">Department of Agroecology,<institution>Aarhus University</institution>, DK-8830 Tjele,<country>Denmark</country>;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Danemark</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Piao, Shilong" sort="Piao, Shilong" uniqKey="Piao S" first="Shilong" last="Piao">Shilong Piao</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff28">Department of Ecology, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences,<institution>Peking University</institution>, Beijing 100871,<country>China</country>;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff29">Key Laboratory of Alpine Ecology and Biodiversity, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Center for Excellence in Tibetan Earth Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>Key Laboratory of Alpine Ecology and Biodiversity, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Center for Excellence in Tibetan Earth Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Raschi, Antonio" sort="Raschi, Antonio" uniqKey="Raschi A" first="Antonio" last="Raschi">Antonio Raschi</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff30"><institution>Institute of Biometeorology, National Research Council</institution>, 50145 Florence,<country>Italy</country>;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Roupsard, Olivier" sort="Roupsard, Olivier" uniqKey="Roupsard O" first="Olivier" last="Roupsard">Olivier Roupsard</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff31">Cirad-Persyst,<institution>UMR Ecologie Fonctionnelle and Biogéochimie des Sols et des Agro-Ecosystémes</institution>, 34060 Montpellier,<country>France</country>;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff32"><institution>Tropical Agricultural Centre for Research and High Education</institution>, 7170 Turrialba,<country>Costa Rica</country>;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Costa Rica</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Suyker, Andrew E" sort="Suyker, Andrew E" uniqKey="Suyker A" first="Andrew E." last="Suyker">Andrew E. Suyker</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff33">School of Natural Resources,<institution>University of Nebraska</institution>, Lincoln,<addr-line>NE 68583-0961</addr-line>;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Urbaniak, Marek" sort="Urbaniak, Marek" uniqKey="Urbaniak M" first="Marek" last="Urbaniak">Marek Urbaniak</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff34">Department of Meteorology,<institution>Poznan University of Life Sciences</institution>, 60649 Poznan,<country>Poland</country>;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Pologne</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Vaccari, Francesco P" sort="Vaccari, Francesco P" uniqKey="Vaccari F" first="Francesco P." last="Vaccari">Francesco P. Vaccari</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff30"><institution>Institute of Biometeorology, National Research Council</institution>, 50145 Florence,<country>Italy</country>;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Varlagin, Andrej" sort="Varlagin, Andrej" uniqKey="Varlagin A" first="Andrej" last="Varlagin">Andrej Varlagin</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff35">A. N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution,<institution>Russian Academy of Sciences</institution>, Moscow, 119071,<country>Russia</country>;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Russie</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Vesala, Timo" sort="Vesala, Timo" uniqKey="Vesala T" first="Timo" last="Vesala">Timo Vesala</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff36"></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff37">Forest Sciences,<institution>University of Helsinki</institution>, FIN-00014 Helsinki,<country>Finland</country>;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Finlande</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wilkinson, Matthew" sort="Wilkinson, Matthew" uniqKey="Wilkinson M" first="Matthew" last="Wilkinson">Matthew Wilkinson</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff38">Centre for Sustainable Forestry and Climate Change,<institution>Forest Research</institution>, Farnham GU10 4LH,<country>United Kingdom</country>;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Weng, Ensheng" sort="Weng, Ensheng" uniqKey="Weng E" first="Ensheng" last="Weng">Ensheng Weng</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff39">Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology,<institution>Princeton University</institution>,<addr-line>Princeton, NJ 08544</addr-line>;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wohlfahrt, Georg" sort="Wohlfahrt, Georg" uniqKey="Wohlfahrt G" first="Georg" last="Wohlfahrt">Georg Wohlfahrt</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff40">Institute of Ecology,<institution>University of Innsbruck</institution>, 6020 Innsbruck,<country>Austria</country>;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Autriche</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff41"><institution>Institute for Applied Remote Sensing and Institute for Alpine Environment, European Academy of Bolzano</institution>, 39100 Bolzano,<country>Italy</country>;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Yan, Liming" sort="Yan, Liming" uniqKey="Yan L" first="Liming" last="Yan">Liming Yan</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff wicri:cut="; and" id="aff42">School of Life Sciences,<institution>Fudan University</institution>, Shanghai 200433,<country>China</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Luo, Yiqi" sort="Luo, Yiqi" uniqKey="Luo Y" first="Yiqi" last="Luo">Yiqi Luo</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1">Department of Microbiology and Plant Biology,<institution>University of Oklahoma</institution>,<addr-line>Norman, OK 73019</addr-line>;</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff43">Center for Earth System Science,<institution>Tsinghua University</institution>, Beijing 100084,<country>China</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno><idno type="pmid">25730847</idno><idno type="pmc">4352779</idno><idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4352779</idno><idno type="RBID">PMC:4352779</idno><idno type="doi">10.1073/pnas.1413090112</idno><date when="2015">2015</date><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">000158</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PMC">000158</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Curation">000158</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Curation">000158</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Joint control of terrestrial gross primary productivity by plant phenology and physiology</title><author><name sortKey="Xia, Jianyang" sort="Xia, Jianyang" uniqKey="Xia J" first="Jianyang" last="Xia">Jianyang Xia</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1">Department of Microbiology and Plant Biology,<institution>University of Oklahoma</institution>,<addr-line>Norman, OK 73019</addr-line>;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Niu, Shuli" sort="Niu, Shuli" uniqKey="Niu S" first="Shuli" last="Niu">Shuli Niu</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff2">Synthesis Research Center of Chinese Ecosystem Research Network, Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Beijing 100101,<country>China</country>;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ciais, Philippe" sort="Ciais, Philippe" uniqKey="Ciais P" first="Philippe" last="Ciais">Philippe Ciais</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff3">Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l’Environnement, 91191 Gif sur Yvette,<country>France</country>;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Janssens, Ivan A" sort="Janssens, Ivan A" uniqKey="Janssens I" first="Ivan A." last="Janssens">Ivan A. Janssens</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff4">Department of Biology,<institution>University of Antwerpen</institution>, 2610 Wilrijk,<country>Belgium</country>;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Belgique</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chen, Jiquan" sort="Chen, Jiquan" uniqKey="Chen J" first="Jiquan" last="Chen">Jiquan Chen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff5">Center for Global Change and Earth Observations and Department of Geography,<institution>Michigan State University</institution>,<addr-line>East Lansing, MI 48824</addr-line>;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ammann, Christof" sort="Ammann, Christof" uniqKey="Ammann C" first="Christof" last="Ammann">Christof Ammann</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff6">Climate and Air Pollution Group,<institution>Federal Research Station Agroscope</institution>, CH-8046 Zurich,<country>Switzerland</country>;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Suisse</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Arain, Altaf" sort="Arain, Altaf" uniqKey="Arain A" first="Altaf" last="Arain">Altaf Arain</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff7">School of Geography and Earth Sciences,<institution>McMaster University</institution>, Hamilton, ON,<country>Canada</country> L8S 4K1;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Blanken, Peter D" sort="Blanken, Peter D" uniqKey="Blanken P" first="Peter D." last="Blanken">Peter D. Blanken</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff8">Department of Geography,<institution>University of Colorado</institution>, Boulder,<addr-line>CO 80302</addr-line>;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cescatti, Alessandro" sort="Cescatti, Alessandro" uniqKey="Cescatti A" first="Alessandro" last="Cescatti">Alessandro Cescatti</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff9">European Commission, Joint Research Center,<institution>Institute for Environment and Sustainability</institution>, 21027 Ispra,<country>Italy</country>;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bonal, Damien" sort="Bonal, Damien" uniqKey="Bonal D" first="Damien" last="Bonal">Damien Bonal</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff10">Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique,<institution>UMR 1137 Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique–Université de Lorraine</institution>, 54280 Champenoux,<country>France</country>;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Buchmann, Nina" sort="Buchmann, Nina" uniqKey="Buchmann N" first="Nina" last="Buchmann">Nina Buchmann</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff11">Institute of Agricultural Sciences,<institution>Eidgenössiche Technische Hochschule Zurich</institution>, 8092 Zurich,<country>Switzerland</country>;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Suisse</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Curtis, Peter S" sort="Curtis, Peter S" uniqKey="Curtis P" first="Peter S." last="Curtis">Peter S. Curtis</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff12">Department of Evolution, Ecology and Organismal Biology,<institution>The Ohio State University</institution>, Columbus,<addr-line>OH 43210</addr-line>;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chen, Shiping" sort="Chen, Shiping" uniqKey="Chen S" first="Shiping" last="Chen">Shiping Chen</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff13">State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093,<country>China</country>;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Dong, Jinwei" sort="Dong, Jinwei" uniqKey="Dong J" first="Jinwei" last="Dong">Jinwei Dong</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1">Department of Microbiology and Plant Biology,<institution>University of Oklahoma</institution>,<addr-line>Norman, OK 73019</addr-line>;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Flanagan, Lawrence B" sort="Flanagan, Lawrence B" uniqKey="Flanagan L" first="Lawrence B." last="Flanagan">Lawrence B. Flanagan</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff14">Department of Biological Sciences,<institution>University of Lethbridge</institution>, Lethbridge, AB,<country>Canada</country> TIK 3M4;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Frankenberg, Christian" sort="Frankenberg, Christian" uniqKey="Frankenberg C" first="Christian" last="Frankenberg">Christian Frankenberg</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff15">Tropospheric sounding, assimilation, and modeling group,<institution>Jet Propulsion Laboratory</institution>, Pasadena,<addr-line>CA 91109</addr-line>;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Georgiadis, Teodoro" sort="Georgiadis, Teodoro" uniqKey="Georgiadis T" first="Teodoro" last="Georgiadis">Teodoro Georgiadis</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff16"><institution>Institute of Biometeorology</institution>, 40129 Bologna,<country>Italy</country>;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gough, Christopher M" sort="Gough, Christopher M" uniqKey="Gough C" first="Christopher M." last="Gough">Christopher M. Gough</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff17">Department of Biology,<institution>Virginia Commonwealth University</institution>, Richmond,<addr-line>VA 23284-2012</addr-line>;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hui, Dafeng" sort="Hui, Dafeng" uniqKey="Hui D" first="Dafeng" last="Hui">Dafeng Hui</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff18">Department of Biological Sciences,<institution>Tennessee State University</institution>,<addr-line>Nashville, TN 37209</addr-line>;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kiely, Gerard" sort="Kiely, Gerard" uniqKey="Kiely G" first="Gerard" last="Kiely">Gerard Kiely</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff19">Civil and Environmental Engineering Department and Environmental Research Institute,<institution>University College Cork</institution>, Cork,<country>Ireland</country>;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Irlande (pays)</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Li, Jianwei" sort="Li, Jianwei" uniqKey="Li J" first="Jianwei" last="Li">Jianwei Li</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1">Department of Microbiology and Plant Biology,<institution>University of Oklahoma</institution>,<addr-line>Norman, OK 73019</addr-line>;</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff20">Department of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, Tennessee State University, Nashville, TN 37209;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><placeName><region type="state">Tennessee</region></placeName><wicri:cityArea>Department of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, Tennessee State University, Nashville</wicri:cityArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lund, Magnus" sort="Lund, Magnus" uniqKey="Lund M" first="Magnus" last="Lund">Magnus Lund</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff21">Department of Bioscience,<institution>Aarhus University</institution>, 4000 Roskilde,<country>Denmark</country>;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Danemark</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Magliulo, Vincenzo" sort="Magliulo, Vincenzo" uniqKey="Magliulo V" first="Vincenzo" last="Magliulo">Vincenzo Magliulo</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff22">Institute for Mediterranean Agricultural and Forest Systems,<institution>National Research Council</institution>, 80040 Ercolano,<country>Italy</country>;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Marcolla, Barbara" sort="Marcolla, Barbara" uniqKey="Marcolla B" first="Barbara" last="Marcolla">Barbara Marcolla</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff23">Sustainable Agro-Ecosystems and Bioresources Department,<institution>Fondazione Edmund Mach</institution>,<country>38010 S. Michele all'Adige, Italy</country>;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea></wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Merbold, Lutz" sort="Merbold, Lutz" uniqKey="Merbold L" first="Lutz" last="Merbold">Lutz Merbold</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff11">Institute of Agricultural Sciences,<institution>Eidgenössiche Technische Hochschule Zurich</institution>, 8092 Zurich,<country>Switzerland</country>;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Suisse</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Montagnani, Leonardo" sort="Montagnani, Leonardo" uniqKey="Montagnani L" first="Leonardo" last="Montagnani">Leonardo Montagnani</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff24">Servizi Forestali,<institution>Provincia Autonoma di Bolzano</institution>, 39100 Bolzano,<country>Italy</country>;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff25">Faculty of Science and Technology,<institution>Free University of Bolzano</institution>, 39100 Bolzano,<country>Italy</country>;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Moors, Eddy J" sort="Moors, Eddy J" uniqKey="Moors E" first="Eddy J." last="Moors">Eddy J. Moors</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff26">Earth System Science and Climate Change Group, Wageningen University and Research Centre,<institution>Wageningen UR</institution>, 6700 AA Wageningen,<country>The Netherlands</country>;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Olesen, J Rgen E" sort="Olesen, J Rgen E" uniqKey="Olesen J" first="J Rgen E." last="Olesen">J Rgen E. Olesen</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff27">Department of Agroecology,<institution>Aarhus University</institution>, DK-8830 Tjele,<country>Denmark</country>;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Danemark</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Piao, Shilong" sort="Piao, Shilong" uniqKey="Piao S" first="Shilong" last="Piao">Shilong Piao</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff28">Department of Ecology, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences,<institution>Peking University</institution>, Beijing 100871,<country>China</country>;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff29">Key Laboratory of Alpine Ecology and Biodiversity, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Center for Excellence in Tibetan Earth Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>Key Laboratory of Alpine Ecology and Biodiversity, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Center for Excellence in Tibetan Earth Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Raschi, Antonio" sort="Raschi, Antonio" uniqKey="Raschi A" first="Antonio" last="Raschi">Antonio Raschi</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff30"><institution>Institute of Biometeorology, National Research Council</institution>, 50145 Florence,<country>Italy</country>;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Roupsard, Olivier" sort="Roupsard, Olivier" uniqKey="Roupsard O" first="Olivier" last="Roupsard">Olivier Roupsard</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff31">Cirad-Persyst,<institution>UMR Ecologie Fonctionnelle and Biogéochimie des Sols et des Agro-Ecosystémes</institution>, 34060 Montpellier,<country>France</country>;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff32"><institution>Tropical Agricultural Centre for Research and High Education</institution>, 7170 Turrialba,<country>Costa Rica</country>;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Costa Rica</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Suyker, Andrew E" sort="Suyker, Andrew E" uniqKey="Suyker A" first="Andrew E." last="Suyker">Andrew E. Suyker</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff33">School of Natural Resources,<institution>University of Nebraska</institution>, Lincoln,<addr-line>NE 68583-0961</addr-line>;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Urbaniak, Marek" sort="Urbaniak, Marek" uniqKey="Urbaniak M" first="Marek" last="Urbaniak">Marek Urbaniak</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff34">Department of Meteorology,<institution>Poznan University of Life Sciences</institution>, 60649 Poznan,<country>Poland</country>;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Pologne</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Vaccari, Francesco P" sort="Vaccari, Francesco P" uniqKey="Vaccari F" first="Francesco P." last="Vaccari">Francesco P. Vaccari</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff30"><institution>Institute of Biometeorology, National Research Council</institution>, 50145 Florence,<country>Italy</country>;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Varlagin, Andrej" sort="Varlagin, Andrej" uniqKey="Varlagin A" first="Andrej" last="Varlagin">Andrej Varlagin</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff35">A. N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution,<institution>Russian Academy of Sciences</institution>, Moscow, 119071,<country>Russia</country>;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Russie</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Vesala, Timo" sort="Vesala, Timo" uniqKey="Vesala T" first="Timo" last="Vesala">Timo Vesala</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff36"></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff37">Forest Sciences,<institution>University of Helsinki</institution>, FIN-00014 Helsinki,<country>Finland</country>;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Finlande</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wilkinson, Matthew" sort="Wilkinson, Matthew" uniqKey="Wilkinson M" first="Matthew" last="Wilkinson">Matthew Wilkinson</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff38">Centre for Sustainable Forestry and Climate Change,<institution>Forest Research</institution>, Farnham GU10 4LH,<country>United Kingdom</country>;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Weng, Ensheng" sort="Weng, Ensheng" uniqKey="Weng E" first="Ensheng" last="Weng">Ensheng Weng</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff39">Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology,<institution>Princeton University</institution>,<addr-line>Princeton, NJ 08544</addr-line>;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wohlfahrt, Georg" sort="Wohlfahrt, Georg" uniqKey="Wohlfahrt G" first="Georg" last="Wohlfahrt">Georg Wohlfahrt</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff40">Institute of Ecology,<institution>University of Innsbruck</institution>, 6020 Innsbruck,<country>Austria</country>;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Autriche</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff41"><institution>Institute for Applied Remote Sensing and Institute for Alpine Environment, European Academy of Bolzano</institution>, 39100 Bolzano,<country>Italy</country>;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Yan, Liming" sort="Yan, Liming" uniqKey="Yan L" first="Liming" last="Yan">Liming Yan</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff wicri:cut="; and" id="aff42">School of Life Sciences,<institution>Fudan University</institution>, Shanghai 200433,<country>China</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Luo, Yiqi" sort="Luo, Yiqi" uniqKey="Luo Y" first="Yiqi" last="Luo">Yiqi Luo</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1">Department of Microbiology and Plant Biology,<institution>University of Oklahoma</institution>,<addr-line>Norman, OK 73019</addr-line>;</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff43">Center for Earth System Science,<institution>Tsinghua University</institution>, Beijing 100084,<country>China</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America</title><idno type="ISSN">0027-8424</idno><idno type="eISSN">1091-6490</idno><imprint><date when="2015">2015</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><title>Significance</title><p>Terrestrial gross primary productivity (GPP), the total photosynthetic CO<sub>2</sub> fixation at ecosystem level, fuels all life on land. However, its spatiotemporal variability is poorly understood, because GPP is determined by many processes related to plant phenology and physiological activities. In this study, we find that plant phenological and physiological properties can be integrated in a robust index—the product of the length of CO<sub>2</sub> uptake period and the seasonal maximal photosynthesis—to explain the GPP variability over space and time in response to climate extremes and during recovery after disturbance.</p></div></front></TEI><pmc article-type="research-article"><pmc-comment>The publisher of this article does not allow downloading of the full text in XML form.</pmc-comment>
<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="hwp">pnas</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="pmc">pnas</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">PNAS</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0027-8424</issn><issn pub-type="epub">1091-6490</issn><publisher><publisher-name>National Academy of Sciences</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">25730847</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="pmc">4352779</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">201413090</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1073/pnas.1413090112</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Biological Sciences</subject><subj-group><subject>Ecology</subject></subj-group></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Joint control of terrestrial gross primary productivity by plant phenology and physiology</article-title><alt-title alt-title-type="short">Controls on terrestrial ecosystem productivity</alt-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Xia</surname><given-names>Jianyang</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>a</sup></xref><xref ref-type="author-notes" rid="fn1"><sup>1</sup></xref><xref ref-type="corresp" rid="cor1"><sup>2</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Niu</surname><given-names>Shuli</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"><sup>b</sup></xref><xref ref-type="author-notes" rid="fn1"><sup>1</sup></xref><xref ref-type="corresp" rid="cor1"><sup>2</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Ciais</surname><given-names>Philippe</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"><sup>c</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Janssens</surname><given-names>Ivan A.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"><sup>d</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Chen</surname><given-names>Jiquan</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5"><sup>e</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Ammann</surname><given-names>Christof</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff6"><sup>f</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Arain</surname><given-names>Altaf</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff7"><sup>g</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Blanken</surname><given-names>Peter D.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff8"><sup>h</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Cescatti</surname><given-names>Alessandro</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff9"><sup>i</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Bonal</surname><given-names>Damien</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff10"><sup>j</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Buchmann</surname><given-names>Nina</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff11"><sup>k</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Curtis</surname><given-names>Peter S.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff12"><sup>l</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Chen</surname><given-names>Shiping</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff13"><sup>m</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Dong</surname><given-names>Jinwei</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>a</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Flanagan</surname><given-names>Lawrence B.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff14"><sup>n</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Frankenberg</surname><given-names>Christian</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff15"><sup>o</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Georgiadis</surname><given-names>Teodoro</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff16"><sup>p</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Gough</surname><given-names>Christopher M.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff17"><sup>q</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Hui</surname><given-names>Dafeng</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff18"><sup>r</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Kiely</surname><given-names>Gerard</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff19"><sup>s</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Li</surname><given-names>Jianwei</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>a</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff20"><sup>t</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Lund</surname><given-names>Magnus</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff21"><sup>u</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Magliulo</surname><given-names>Vincenzo</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff22"><sup>v</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Marcolla</surname><given-names>Barbara</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff23"><sup>w</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Merbold</surname><given-names>Lutz</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff11"><sup>k</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2957-9071</contrib-id><name><surname>Montagnani</surname><given-names>Leonardo</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff24"><sup>x</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff25"><sup>y</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2309-2887</contrib-id><name><surname>Moors</surname><given-names>Eddy J.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff26"><sup>z</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Olesen</surname><given-names>Jørgen E.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff27"><sup>aa</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Piao</surname><given-names>Shilong</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff28"><sup>bb</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff29"><sup>cc</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Raschi</surname><given-names>Antonio</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff30"><sup>dd</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Roupsard</surname><given-names>Olivier</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff31"><sup>ee</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff32"><sup>ff</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Suyker</surname><given-names>Andrew E.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff33"><sup>gg</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1225-9170</contrib-id><name><surname>Urbaniak</surname><given-names>Marek</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff34"><sup>hh</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Vaccari</surname><given-names>Francesco P.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff30"><sup>dd</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Varlagin</surname><given-names>Andrej</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff35"><sup>ii</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Vesala</surname><given-names>Timo</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff36"><sup>jj</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff37"><sup>kk</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Wilkinson</surname><given-names>Matthew</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff38"><sup>ll</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Weng</surname><given-names>Ensheng</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff39"><sup>mm</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3080-6702</contrib-id><name><surname>Wohlfahrt</surname><given-names>Georg</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff40"><sup>nn</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff41"><sup>oo</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Yan</surname><given-names>Liming</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff42"><sup>pp</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Luo</surname><given-names>Yiqi</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>a</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff43"><sup>qq</sup></xref><xref ref-type="author-notes" rid="fn1"><sup>1</sup></xref><xref ref-type="corresp" rid="cor1"><sup>2</sup></xref></contrib><aff id="aff1"><sup>a</sup>Department of Microbiology and Plant Biology,<institution>University of Oklahoma</institution>,<addr-line>Norman, OK 73019</addr-line>;</aff><aff id="aff2"><sup>b</sup>Synthesis Research Center of Chinese Ecosystem Research Network, Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Beijing 100101,<country>China</country>;</aff><aff id="aff3"><sup>c</sup>Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l’Environnement, 91191 Gif sur Yvette,<country>France</country>;</aff><aff id="aff4"><sup>d</sup>Department of Biology,<institution>University of Antwerpen</institution>, 2610 Wilrijk,<country>Belgium</country>;</aff><aff id="aff5"><sup>e</sup>Center for Global Change and Earth Observations and Department of Geography,<institution>Michigan State University</institution>,<addr-line>East Lansing, MI 48824</addr-line>;</aff><aff id="aff6"><sup>f</sup>Climate and Air Pollution Group,<institution>Federal Research Station Agroscope</institution>, CH-8046 Zurich,<country>Switzerland</country>;</aff><aff id="aff7"><sup>g</sup>School of Geography and Earth Sciences,<institution>McMaster University</institution>, Hamilton, ON,<country>Canada</country> L8S 4K1;</aff><aff id="aff8"><sup>h</sup>Department of Geography,<institution>University of Colorado</institution>, Boulder,<addr-line>CO 80302</addr-line>;</aff><aff id="aff9"><sup>i</sup>European Commission, Joint Research Center,<institution>Institute for Environment and Sustainability</institution>, 21027 Ispra,<country>Italy</country>;</aff><aff id="aff10"><sup>j</sup>Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique,<institution>UMR 1137 Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique–Université de Lorraine</institution>, 54280 Champenoux,<country>France</country>;</aff><aff id="aff11"><sup>k</sup>Institute of Agricultural Sciences,<institution>Eidgenössiche Technische Hochschule Zurich</institution>, 8092 Zurich,<country>Switzerland</country>;</aff><aff id="aff12"><sup>l</sup>Department of Evolution, Ecology and Organismal Biology,<institution>The Ohio State University</institution>, Columbus,<addr-line>OH 43210</addr-line>;</aff><aff id="aff13"><sup>m</sup>State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093,<country>China</country>;</aff><aff id="aff14"><sup>n</sup>Department of Biological Sciences,<institution>University of Lethbridge</institution>, Lethbridge, AB,<country>Canada</country> TIK 3M4;</aff><aff id="aff15"><sup>o</sup>Tropospheric sounding, assimilation, and modeling group,<institution>Jet Propulsion Laboratory</institution>, Pasadena,<addr-line>CA 91109</addr-line>;</aff><aff id="aff16"><sup>p</sup><institution>Institute of Biometeorology</institution>, 40129 Bologna,<country>Italy</country>;</aff><aff id="aff17"><sup>q</sup>Department of Biology,<institution>Virginia Commonwealth University</institution>, Richmond,<addr-line>VA 23284-2012</addr-line>;</aff><aff id="aff18"><sup>r</sup>Department of Biological Sciences,<institution>Tennessee State University</institution>,<addr-line>Nashville, TN 37209</addr-line>;</aff><aff id="aff19"><sup>s</sup>Civil and Environmental Engineering Department and Environmental Research Institute,<institution>University College Cork</institution>, Cork,<country>Ireland</country>;</aff><aff id="aff20"><sup>t</sup>Department of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, Tennessee State University, Nashville, TN 37209;</aff><aff id="aff21"><sup>u</sup>Department of Bioscience,<institution>Aarhus University</institution>, 4000 Roskilde,<country>Denmark</country>;</aff><aff id="aff22"><sup>v</sup>Institute for Mediterranean Agricultural and Forest Systems,<institution>National Research Council</institution>, 80040 Ercolano,<country>Italy</country>;</aff><aff id="aff23"><sup>w</sup>Sustainable Agro-Ecosystems and Bioresources Department,<institution>Fondazione Edmund Mach</institution>,<country>38010 S. Michele all'Adige, Italy</country>;</aff><aff id="aff24"><sup>x</sup>Servizi Forestali,<institution>Provincia Autonoma di Bolzano</institution>, 39100 Bolzano,<country>Italy</country>;</aff><aff id="aff25"><sup>y</sup>Faculty of Science and Technology,<institution>Free University of Bolzano</institution>, 39100 Bolzano,<country>Italy</country>;</aff><aff id="aff26"><sup>z</sup>Earth System Science and Climate Change Group, Wageningen University and Research Centre,<institution>Wageningen UR</institution>, 6700 AA Wageningen,<country>The Netherlands</country>;</aff><aff id="aff27"><sup>aa</sup>Department of Agroecology,<institution>Aarhus University</institution>, DK-8830 Tjele,<country>Denmark</country>;</aff><aff id="aff28"><sup>bb</sup>Department of Ecology, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences,<institution>Peking University</institution>, Beijing 100871,<country>China</country>;</aff><aff id="aff29"><sup>cc</sup>Key Laboratory of Alpine Ecology and Biodiversity, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Center for Excellence in Tibetan Earth Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China;</aff><aff id="aff30"><sup>dd</sup><institution>Institute of Biometeorology, National Research Council</institution>, 50145 Florence,<country>Italy</country>;</aff><aff id="aff31"><sup>ee</sup>Cirad-Persyst,<institution>UMR Ecologie Fonctionnelle and Biogéochimie des Sols et des Agro-Ecosystémes</institution>, 34060 Montpellier,<country>France</country>;</aff><aff id="aff32"><sup>ff</sup><institution>Tropical Agricultural Centre for Research and High Education</institution>, 7170 Turrialba,<country>Costa Rica</country>;</aff><aff id="aff33"><sup>gg</sup>School of Natural Resources,<institution>University of Nebraska</institution>, Lincoln,<addr-line>NE 68583-0961</addr-line>;</aff><aff id="aff34"><sup>hh</sup>Department of Meteorology,<institution>Poznan University of Life Sciences</institution>, 60649 Poznan,<country>Poland</country>;</aff><aff id="aff35"><sup>ii</sup>A. N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution,<institution>Russian Academy of Sciences</institution>, Moscow, 119071,<country>Russia</country>;</aff><aff id="aff36">Departments of<sup>jj</sup>Physics and</aff><aff id="aff37"><sup>kk</sup>Forest Sciences,<institution>University of Helsinki</institution>, FIN-00014 Helsinki,<country>Finland</country>;</aff><aff id="aff38"><sup>ll</sup>Centre for Sustainable Forestry and Climate Change,<institution>Forest Research</institution>, Farnham GU10 4LH,<country>United Kingdom</country>;</aff><aff id="aff39"><sup>mm</sup>Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology,<institution>Princeton University</institution>,<addr-line>Princeton, NJ 08544</addr-line>;</aff><aff id="aff40"><sup>nn</sup>Institute of Ecology,<institution>University of Innsbruck</institution>, 6020 Innsbruck,<country>Austria</country>;</aff><aff id="aff41"><sup>oo</sup><institution>Institute for Applied Remote Sensing and Institute for Alpine Environment, European Academy of Bolzano</institution>, 39100 Bolzano,<country>Italy</country>;</aff><aff id="aff42"><sup>pp</sup>School of Life Sciences,<institution>Fudan University</institution>, Shanghai 200433,<country>China</country>; and</aff><aff id="aff43"><sup>qq</sup>Center for Earth System Science,<institution>Tsinghua University</institution>, Beijing 100084,<country>China</country></aff></contrib-group><author-notes><corresp id="cor1"><sup>2</sup>To whom correspondence may be addressed. Email: <email>jxia@ou.edu</email>, <email>sniu@igsnrr.ac.cn</email>, or <email>yluo@ou.edu</email>.</corresp><fn fn-type="edited-by"><p>Edited by William H. Schlesinger, Cary Institute of Ecosystem Studies, Millbrook, NY, and approved January 23, 2015 (received for review July 10, 2014)</p></fn><fn fn-type="con"><p>Author contributions: J.X., S.N., and Y.L. designed research; J.X. performed research; I.A.J., J.C., C.A., A.A., P.D.B., A.C., D.B., N.B., P.S.C., S.C., J.D., L.B.F., T.G., C.M.G., G.K., M.L., V.M., B.M., L. Merbold, L. Montagnani, E.J.M., J.E.O., A.R., O.R., A.E.S., M.U., F.P.V., A.V., T.V., M.W., G.W., and Y.L. contributed new reagents/analytic tools; J.X., D.H., L. Montagnani, and E.W. analyzed data; and J.X., S.N., P.C., I.A.J., J.C., C.A., P.D.B., A.C., D.B., N.B., S.C., L.B.F., C.F., T.G., C.M.G., D.H., G.K., J.L., M.L., V.M., B.M., L. Merbold, L. Montagnani, E.J.M., J.E.O., S.P., A.R., O.R., A.E.S., M.U., F.P.V., A.V., T.V., M.W., E.W., G.W., L.Y., and Y.L. wrote the paper.</p></fn><fn fn-type="equal" id="fn1"><p><sup>1</sup>J.X., S.N., and Y.L. contributed equally to this work.</p></fn></author-notes><pub-date pub-type="ppub"><day>3</day><month>3</month><year>2015</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>17</day><month>2</month><year>2015</year></pub-date><volume>112</volume><issue>9</issue><fpage>2788</fpage><lpage>2793</lpage><self-uri xlink:title="pdf" xlink:href="pnas.201413090.pdf"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="executive-summary"><title>Significance</title><p>Terrestrial gross primary productivity (GPP), the total photosynthetic CO<sub>2</sub> fixation at ecosystem level, fuels all life on land. However, its spatiotemporal variability is poorly understood, because GPP is determined by many processes related to plant phenology and physiological activities. In this study, we find that plant phenological and physiological properties can be integrated in a robust index—the product of the length of CO<sub>2</sub> uptake period and the seasonal maximal photosynthesis—to explain the GPP variability over space and time in response to climate extremes and during recovery after disturbance.</p></abstract><abstract><p>Terrestrial gross primary productivity (GPP) varies greatly over time and space. A better understanding of this variability is necessary for more accurate predictions of the future climate–carbon cycle feedback. Recent studies have suggested that variability in GPP is driven by a broad range of biotic and abiotic factors operating mainly through changes in vegetation phenology and physiological processes. However, it is still unclear how plant phenology and physiology can be integrated to explain the spatiotemporal variability of terrestrial GPP. Based on analyses of eddy–covariance and satellite-derived data, we decomposed annual terrestrial GPP into the length of the CO<sub>2</sub> uptake period (CUP) and the seasonal maximal capacity of CO<sub>2</sub> uptake (GPP<sub>max</sub>). The product of CUP and GPP<sub>max</sub> explained >90% of the temporal GPP variability in most areas of North America during 2000–2010 and the spatial GPP variation among globally distributed eddy flux tower sites. It also explained GPP response to the European heatwave in 2003 (<italic>r</italic><sup>2</sup> = 0.90) and GPP recovery after a fire disturbance in South Dakota (<italic>r</italic><sup>2</sup> = 0.88). Additional analysis of the eddy–covariance flux data shows that the interbiome variation in annual GPP is better explained by that in GPP<sub>max</sub> than CUP. These findings indicate that terrestrial GPP is jointly controlled by ecosystem-level plant phenology and photosynthetic capacity, and greater understanding of GPP<sub>max</sub> and CUP responses to environmental and biological variations will, thus, improve predictions of GPP over time and space.</p></abstract><kwd-group><kwd>ecosystem carbon uptake</kwd><kwd>growing season length</kwd><kwd>photosynthetic capacity</kwd><kwd>spatiotemporal variability</kwd><kwd>climate extreme</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><award-group id="gs1"><funding-source id="sp1">US Department of Energy</funding-source><award-id rid="sp1">SC0008270</award-id></award-group><award-group id="gs2"><funding-source id="sp2">National Science Foundataion</funding-source><award-id rid="sp2">DEB 0743778</award-id><award-id rid="sp2">0840964</award-id><award-id rid="sp2">0919466</award-id></award-group><award-group id="gs3"><funding-source id="sp3">National Science Foundation</funding-source><award-id rid="sp3">EF1137293</award-id></award-group></funding-group><counts><page-count count="6"></page-count></counts></article-meta></front></pmc></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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