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<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Redisposition of phoma-like anamorphs in <italic>Pleosporales</italic></title><author><name sortKey="De Gruyter, J" sort="De Gruyter, J" uniqKey="De Gruyter J" first="J." last="De Gruyter">J. De Gruyter</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1"> CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, P.O. Box 85167, 3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A3"> Wageningen University and Research Centre (WUR), Laboratory of Phytopathology, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Woudenberg, J H C" sort="Woudenberg, J H C" uniqKey="Woudenberg J" first="J. H. C." last="Woudenberg">J. H. C. Woudenberg</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1"> CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, P.O. Box 85167, 3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A2"> National Reference Centre, National Plant Protection Organization, P.O. Box 9102, 6700 HC Wageningen, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Aveskamp, M M" sort="Aveskamp, M M" uniqKey="Aveskamp M" first="M. M." last="Aveskamp">M. M. Aveskamp</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1"> CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, P.O. Box 85167, 3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Verkley, G J M" sort="Verkley, G J M" uniqKey="Verkley G" first="G. J. M." last="Verkley">G. J. M. Verkley</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1"> CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, P.O. Box 85167, 3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Groenewald, J Z" sort="Groenewald, J Z" uniqKey="Groenewald J" first="J. Z." last="Groenewald">J. Z. Groenewald</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1"> CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, P.O. Box 85167, 3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Crous, P W" sort="Crous, P W" uniqKey="Crous P" first="P. W." last="Crous">P. W. Crous</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1"> CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, P.O. Box 85167, 3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A3"> Wageningen University and Research Centre (WUR), Laboratory of Phytopathology, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A4"> Microbiology, Department of Biology, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno><idno type="pmid">24014897</idno><idno type="pmc">3713885</idno><idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3713885</idno><idno type="RBID">PMC:3713885</idno><idno type="doi">10.3114/sim0004</idno><date when="2012">2012</date><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">000251</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PMC">000251</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Redisposition of phoma-like anamorphs in <italic>Pleosporales</italic></title><author><name sortKey="De Gruyter, J" sort="De Gruyter, J" uniqKey="De Gruyter J" first="J." last="De Gruyter">J. De Gruyter</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1"> CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, P.O. Box 85167, 3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A3"> Wageningen University and Research Centre (WUR), Laboratory of Phytopathology, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Woudenberg, J H C" sort="Woudenberg, J H C" uniqKey="Woudenberg J" first="J. H. C." last="Woudenberg">J. H. C. Woudenberg</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1"> CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, P.O. Box 85167, 3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A2"> National Reference Centre, National Plant Protection Organization, P.O. Box 9102, 6700 HC Wageningen, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Aveskamp, M M" sort="Aveskamp, M M" uniqKey="Aveskamp M" first="M. M." last="Aveskamp">M. M. Aveskamp</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1"> CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, P.O. Box 85167, 3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Verkley, G J M" sort="Verkley, G J M" uniqKey="Verkley G" first="G. J. M." last="Verkley">G. J. M. Verkley</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1"> CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, P.O. Box 85167, 3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Groenewald, J Z" sort="Groenewald, J Z" uniqKey="Groenewald J" first="J. Z." last="Groenewald">J. Z. Groenewald</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1"> CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, P.O. Box 85167, 3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Crous, P W" sort="Crous, P W" uniqKey="Crous P" first="P. W." last="Crous">P. W. Crous</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1"> CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, P.O. Box 85167, 3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A3"> Wageningen University and Research Centre (WUR), Laboratory of Phytopathology, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A4"> Microbiology, Department of Biology, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Studies in Mycology</title><idno type="ISSN">0166-0616</idno><idno type="eISSN">1872-9797</idno><imprint><date when="2012">2012</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p id="P6">The anamorphic genus <italic>Phoma</italic> was subdivided into nine sections based on morphological characters, and included teleomorphs in <italic>Didymella</italic>, <italic>Leptosphaeria</italic>, <italic>Pleospora</italic> and <italic>Mycosphaerella,</italic> suggesting the polyphyly of the genus. Recent molecular, phylogenetic studies led to the conclusion that <italic>Phoma</italic> should be restricted to <italic>Didymellaceae</italic>. The present study focuses on the taxonomy of excluded <italic>Phoma</italic> species, currently classified in <italic>Phoma</italic> sections <italic>Plenodomus</italic>, <italic>Heterospora</italic> and <italic>Pilosa</italic>. Species of <italic>Leptosphaeria</italic> and <italic>Phoma</italic> section <italic>Plenodomus</italic> are reclassified in <italic>Plenodomus</italic>, <italic>Subplenodomus</italic> gen. nov., <italic>Leptosphaeria</italic> and <italic>Paraleptosphaeria</italic> gen. nov., based on the phylogeny determined by analysis of sequence data of the large subunit 28S nrDNA (LSU) and Internal Transcribed Spacer regions 1 & 2 and 5.8S nrDNA (ITS). <italic>Phoma heteromorphospora</italic>, type species of <italic>Phoma</italic> section <italic>Heterospora</italic>, and its allied species <italic>Phoma dimorphospora,</italic> are transferred to the genus <italic>Heterospora</italic> stat. nov. The <italic>Phoma acuta</italic> complex (teleomorph <italic>Leptosphaeria doliolum</italic>), is revised based on a multilocus sequence analysis of the LSU, ITS, small subunit 18S nrDNA (SSU), β-tubulin (TUB), and chitin synthase 1 (CHS-1) regions. Species of <italic>Phoma</italic> section <italic>Pilosa</italic> and allied <italic>Ascochyta</italic> species were determined to belong to <italic>Pleosporaceae</italic> based on analysis of actin (ACT) sequence data. Anamorphs that are similar morphologically to <italic>Phoma</italic> and described in <italic>Ascochyta, Asteromella, Coniothyrium, Plectophomella</italic>, <italic>Pleurophoma</italic> and <italic>Pyrenochaeta</italic> are included in this study. Phoma-like species, which grouped outside the <italic>Pleosporineae</italic> based on a LSU sequence analysis, are transferred to the genera <italic>Aposphaeria</italic>, <italic>Paraconiothyrium</italic> and <italic>Westerdykella</italic>. The genera <italic>Medicopsis</italic> gen. nov. and <italic>Nigrograna</italic> gen. nov. are introduced to accommodate the medically important species formerly known as <italic>Pyrenochaeta romeroi</italic> and <italic>Pyrenochaeta mackinnonii</italic>, respectively.</p><sec id="S1"><title>Taxonomic novelties:</title><p id="P7"><bold>New genera: <italic>Medicopsis</italic></bold> Gruyter, Verkley & Crous, <bold><italic>Nigrograna</italic></bold> Gruyter, Verkley & Crous, <bold><italic>Paraleptosphaeria</italic></bold> Gruyter, Verkley & Crous, <bold><italic>Subplenodomus</italic></bold> Gruyter, Verkley & Crous. <bold>New species: <italic>Aposphaeria</italic></bold><italic>corallinolutea</italic> Gruyter, Aveskamp & Verkley, <bold><italic>Paraconiothyrium</italic></bold><italic>maculicutis</italic> Verkley & Gruyter. <bold>New combinations: <italic>Coniothyrium</italic></bold><italic>carteri</italic> (Gruyter & Boerema) Verkley & Gruyter, <italic>C. dolichi</italic> (Mohanty) Verkley & Gruyter, <italic>C. glycines</italic> (R.B. Stewart) Verkley & Gruyter, <italic>C. multiporum</italic> (V.H. Pawar, P.N. Mathur & Thirum.) Verkley & Gruyter, <italic>C. telephii</italic> (Allesch.) Verkley & Gruyter, <bold><italic>Heterospora</italic></bold> (Boerema, Gruyter & Noordel.) Gruyter, Verkley & Crous, <italic>H. chenopodii</italic> (Westend.) Gruyter, Aveskamp & Verkley, <italic>H. dimorphospora</italic> (Speg.) Gruyter, Aveskamp & Verkley, <bold><italic>Leptosphaeria</italic></bold><italic>errabunda</italic> (Desm.) Gruyter, Aveskamp & Verkley, <italic>L. etheridgei</italic> (L.J. Hutchison & Y. Hirats.) Gruyter, Aveskamp & Verkley, <italic>L. macrocapsa</italic> (Trail) Gruyter, Aveskamp & Verkley, <italic>L. pedicularis</italic> (Fuckel) Gruyter, Aveskamp & Verkley, <italic>L. rubefaciens</italic> (Togliani) Gruyter, Aveskamp & Verkley, <italic>L. sclerotioides</italic> (Sacc.) Gruyter, Aveskamp & Verkley, <italic>L. sydowii</italic> (Boerema, Kesteren & Loer.) Gruyter, Aveskamp & Verkley, <italic>L. veronicae</italic> (Hollós) Gruyter, Aveskamp & Verkley, <bold><italic>Medicopsis</italic></bold><italic>romeroi</italic> (Borelli) Gruyter, Verkley & Crous, <bold><italic>Nigrograna</italic></bold><italic>mackinnonii</italic> (Borelli) Gruyter, Verkley & Crous, <bold><italic>Paraconiothyrium</italic></bold><italic>flavescens</italic> (Gruyter, Noordel. & Boerema) Verkley & Gruyter, <italic>Paracon. fuckelii</italic> (Sacc.) Verkley & Gruyter, <italic>Paracon. fusco-maculans</italic> (Sacc.) Verkley & Gruyter, <italic>Paracon. lini</italic> (Pass.) Verkley & Gruyter, <italic>Paracon. tiliae</italic> (F. Rudolphi) Verkley & Gruyter, <bold><italic>Paraleptosphaeria</italic></bold><italic>dryadis</italic> (Johanson) Gruyter, Aveskamp & Verkley, <italic>Paralept. macrospora</italic> (Thüm.) Gruyter, Aveskamp & Verkley, <italic>Paralept. nitschkei</italic> (Rehm ex G. Winter) Gruyter, Aveskamp & Verkley, <italic>Paralept. orobanches</italic> (Schweinitz: Fr.) Gruyter, Aveskamp & Verkley, <italic>Paralept. praetermissa</italic> (P. Karst.) Gruyter, Aveskamp & Verkley, <bold><italic>Plenodomus</italic></bold><italic>agnitus</italic> (Desm.) Gruyter, Aveskamp & Verkley, <italic>Plen. biglobosus</italic> (Shoemaker & H. Brun) Gruyter, Aveskamp & Verkley, <italic>Plen. chrysanthemi</italic> (Zachos, Constantinou & Panag.) Gruyter, Aveskamp & Verkley, <italic>Plen. collinsoniae</italic> (Dearn. & House) Gruyter, Aveskamp & Verkley, <italic>Plen. confertus</italic> (Niessl ex Sacc.) Gruyter, Aveskamp & Verkley, <italic>Plen. congestus</italic> (M.T. Lucas) Gruyter, Aveskamp & Verkley, <italic>Plen. enteroleucus</italic> (Sacc.) Gruyter, Aveskamp & Verkley<italic>, Plen. fallaciosus</italic> (Berl.) Gruyter, Aveskamp & Verkley, <italic>Plen. hendersoniae</italic> (Fuckel) Gruyter, Aveskamp & Verkley, <italic>Plen. influorescens</italic> (Boerema & Loer.) Gruyter, Aveskamp & Verkley, <italic>Plen. libanotidis</italic> (Fuckel) Gruyter, Aveskamp & Verkley, <italic>Plen. lindquistii</italic> (Frezzi) Gruyter, Aveskamp & Verkley, <italic>Plen. lupini</italic> (Ellis & Everh.) Gruyter, Aveskamp & Verkley, <italic>Plen. pimpinellae</italic> (Lowen & Sivan.) Gruyter, Aveskamp & Verkley, <italic>Plen. tracheiphilus</italic> (Petri) Gruyter, Aveskamp & Verkley, <italic>Plen. visci</italic> (Moesz) Gruyter, Aveskamp & Verkley, <bold><italic>Pleospora</italic></bold><italic>fallens</italic> (Sacc.) Gruyter & Verkley, <italic>Pleo. flavigena</italic> (Constantinou & Aa) Gruyter & Verkley, <italic>Pleo. incompta</italic> (Sacc. & Martelli) Gruyter & Verkley, <bold><italic>Pyrenochaetopsis pratorum</italic></bold> (P.R. Johnst. & Boerema) Gruyter, Aveskamp & Verkley, <bold><italic>Subplenodomus</italic></bold><italic>apiicola</italic> (Kleb.) Gruyter, Aveskamp & Verkley, <italic>Subplen. drobnjacensis</italic> (Bubák) Gruyter, Aveskamp & Verkley, <italic>Subplen. valerianae</italic> (Henn.) Gruyter, Aveskamp & Verkley, <italic>Subplen. violicola</italic> (P. Syd.) Gruyter, Aveskamp & Verkley, <bold><italic>Westerdykella</italic></bold><italic>capitulum</italic> (V.H. Pawar, P.N. Mathur & Thirum.) de Gruyter, Aveskamp & Verkley, <italic>W. minutispora</italic> (P.N. Mathur ex Gruyter & Noordel.) Gruyter, Aveskamp & Verkley. <bold>New names</bold>: <bold><italic>Pleospora</italic></bold><italic>angustis</italic> Gruyter & Verkley, <italic>Pleospora halimiones</italic> Gruyter & Verkley.</p></sec></div></front><back><div1 type="bibliography"><listBibl><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Aa, Ha Van Der" uniqKey="Aa H">HA van der Aa</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kesteren, Ha Van" uniqKey="Kesteren H">HA van Kesteren</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Arx, Ja Von" uniqKey="Arx J">JA von Arx</name></author><author><name sortKey="Storm, Pk" uniqKey="Storm P">PK Storm</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Aveskamp, Mm" uniqKey="Aveskamp M">MM Aveskamp</name></author><author><name sortKey="Gruyter, J De" uniqKey="Gruyter J">J de Gruyter</name></author><author><name sortKey="Crous, Pw" uniqKey="Crous P">PW 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<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Stud Mycol</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">Stud. Mycol</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="hwp">simycol</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title>Studies in Mycology</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0166-0616</issn><issn pub-type="epub">1872-9797</issn><publisher><publisher-name>CBS Fungal Biodiversity Centre</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">24014897</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="pmc">3713885</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.3114/sim0004</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Articles</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Redisposition of phoma-like anamorphs in <italic>Pleosporales</italic></article-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>de Gruyter</surname><given-names>J.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">1</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A3">3</xref><xref ref-type="corresp" rid="cor1">*</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Woudenberg</surname><given-names>J.H.C.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">1</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A2">2</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Aveskamp</surname><given-names>M.M.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">1</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Verkley</surname><given-names>G.J.M.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">1</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Groenewald</surname><given-names>J.Z.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">1</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Crous</surname><given-names>P.W.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">1</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A3">3</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A4">4</xref></contrib><aff id="A1"><label>1</label> CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, P.O. Box 85167, 3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands</aff><aff id="A2"><label>2</label> National Reference Centre, National Plant Protection Organization, P.O. Box 9102, 6700 HC Wageningen, The Netherlands</aff><aff id="A3"><label>3</label> Wageningen University and Research Centre (WUR), Laboratory of Phytopathology, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands</aff><aff id="A4"><label>4</label> Microbiology, Department of Biology, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands</aff></contrib-group><author-notes><corresp id="cor1"><label>*</label><italic>Correspondence</italic>: Hans de Gruyter, <email>j.de.gruyter@minlnv.nl</email></corresp></author-notes><pub-date pub-type="ppub"><day>30</day><month>6</month><year>2013</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>6</day><month>6</month><year>2012</year></pub-date><volume>75</volume><issue>1</issue><issue-title>Phytopathogenic Dothideomycetes</issue-title><fpage>1</fpage><lpage>36</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright 2013 CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2013</copyright-year><license license-type="creative-commons"><license-p>You are free to share - to copy, distribute and transmit the work, under the following conditions:</license-p><license-p><bold>Attribution:</bold> You must attribute the work in the manner specified by the author or licensor (but not in any way that suggests that they endorse you or your use of the work).</license-p><license-p><bold>Non-commercial:</bold> You may not use this work for commercial purposes.</license-p><license-p><bold>No derivative works:</bold> You may not alter, transform, or build upon this work.</license-p><license-p>For any reuse or distribution, you must make clear to others the license terms of this work, which can be found at <uri xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/legalcode">http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/legalcode</uri>. Any of the above conditions can be waived if you get permission from the copyright holder. Nothing in this license impairs or restricts the author’s moral rights.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:title="pdf" xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="1.pdf"></self-uri><abstract><p id="P6">The anamorphic genus <italic>Phoma</italic> was subdivided into nine sections based on morphological characters, and included teleomorphs in <italic>Didymella</italic>, <italic>Leptosphaeria</italic>, <italic>Pleospora</italic> and <italic>Mycosphaerella,</italic> suggesting the polyphyly of the genus. Recent molecular, phylogenetic studies led to the conclusion that <italic>Phoma</italic> should be restricted to <italic>Didymellaceae</italic>. The present study focuses on the taxonomy of excluded <italic>Phoma</italic> species, currently classified in <italic>Phoma</italic> sections <italic>Plenodomus</italic>, <italic>Heterospora</italic> and <italic>Pilosa</italic>. Species of <italic>Leptosphaeria</italic> and <italic>Phoma</italic> section <italic>Plenodomus</italic> are reclassified in <italic>Plenodomus</italic>, <italic>Subplenodomus</italic> gen. nov., <italic>Leptosphaeria</italic> and <italic>Paraleptosphaeria</italic> gen. nov., based on the phylogeny determined by analysis of sequence data of the large subunit 28S nrDNA (LSU) and Internal Transcribed Spacer regions 1 & 2 and 5.8S nrDNA (ITS). <italic>Phoma heteromorphospora</italic>, type species of <italic>Phoma</italic> section <italic>Heterospora</italic>, and its allied species <italic>Phoma dimorphospora,</italic> are transferred to the genus <italic>Heterospora</italic> stat. nov. The <italic>Phoma acuta</italic> complex (teleomorph <italic>Leptosphaeria doliolum</italic>), is revised based on a multilocus sequence analysis of the LSU, ITS, small subunit 18S nrDNA (SSU), β-tubulin (TUB), and chitin synthase 1 (CHS-1) regions. Species of <italic>Phoma</italic> section <italic>Pilosa</italic> and allied <italic>Ascochyta</italic> species were determined to belong to <italic>Pleosporaceae</italic> based on analysis of actin (ACT) sequence data. Anamorphs that are similar morphologically to <italic>Phoma</italic> and described in <italic>Ascochyta, Asteromella, Coniothyrium, Plectophomella</italic>, <italic>Pleurophoma</italic> and <italic>Pyrenochaeta</italic> are included in this study. Phoma-like species, which grouped outside the <italic>Pleosporineae</italic> based on a LSU sequence analysis, are transferred to the genera <italic>Aposphaeria</italic>, <italic>Paraconiothyrium</italic> and <italic>Westerdykella</italic>. The genera <italic>Medicopsis</italic> gen. nov. and <italic>Nigrograna</italic> gen. nov. are introduced to accommodate the medically important species formerly known as <italic>Pyrenochaeta romeroi</italic> and <italic>Pyrenochaeta mackinnonii</italic>, respectively.</p><sec id="S1"><title>Taxonomic novelties:</title><p id="P7"><bold>New genera: <italic>Medicopsis</italic></bold> Gruyter, Verkley & Crous, <bold><italic>Nigrograna</italic></bold> Gruyter, Verkley & Crous, <bold><italic>Paraleptosphaeria</italic></bold> Gruyter, Verkley & Crous, <bold><italic>Subplenodomus</italic></bold> Gruyter, Verkley & Crous. <bold>New species: <italic>Aposphaeria</italic></bold><italic>corallinolutea</italic> Gruyter, Aveskamp & Verkley, <bold><italic>Paraconiothyrium</italic></bold><italic>maculicutis</italic> Verkley & Gruyter. <bold>New combinations: <italic>Coniothyrium</italic></bold><italic>carteri</italic> (Gruyter & Boerema) Verkley & Gruyter, <italic>C. dolichi</italic> (Mohanty) Verkley & Gruyter, <italic>C. glycines</italic> (R.B. Stewart) Verkley & Gruyter, <italic>C. multiporum</italic> (V.H. Pawar, P.N. Mathur & Thirum.) Verkley & Gruyter, <italic>C. telephii</italic> (Allesch.) Verkley & Gruyter, <bold><italic>Heterospora</italic></bold> (Boerema, Gruyter & Noordel.) Gruyter, Verkley & Crous, <italic>H. chenopodii</italic> (Westend.) Gruyter, Aveskamp & Verkley, <italic>H. dimorphospora</italic> (Speg.) Gruyter, Aveskamp & Verkley, <bold><italic>Leptosphaeria</italic></bold><italic>errabunda</italic> (Desm.) Gruyter, Aveskamp & Verkley, <italic>L. etheridgei</italic> (L.J. Hutchison & Y. Hirats.) Gruyter, Aveskamp & Verkley, <italic>L. macrocapsa</italic> (Trail) Gruyter, Aveskamp & Verkley, <italic>L. pedicularis</italic> (Fuckel) Gruyter, Aveskamp & Verkley, <italic>L. rubefaciens</italic> (Togliani) Gruyter, Aveskamp & Verkley, <italic>L. sclerotioides</italic> (Sacc.) Gruyter, Aveskamp & Verkley, <italic>L. sydowii</italic> (Boerema, Kesteren & Loer.) Gruyter, Aveskamp & Verkley, <italic>L. veronicae</italic> (Hollós) Gruyter, Aveskamp & Verkley, <bold><italic>Medicopsis</italic></bold><italic>romeroi</italic> (Borelli) Gruyter, Verkley & Crous, <bold><italic>Nigrograna</italic></bold><italic>mackinnonii</italic> (Borelli) Gruyter, Verkley & Crous, <bold><italic>Paraconiothyrium</italic></bold><italic>flavescens</italic> (Gruyter, Noordel. & Boerema) Verkley & Gruyter, <italic>Paracon. fuckelii</italic> (Sacc.) Verkley & Gruyter, <italic>Paracon. fusco-maculans</italic> (Sacc.) Verkley & Gruyter, <italic>Paracon. lini</italic> (Pass.) Verkley & Gruyter, <italic>Paracon. tiliae</italic> (F. Rudolphi) Verkley & Gruyter, <bold><italic>Paraleptosphaeria</italic></bold><italic>dryadis</italic> (Johanson) Gruyter, Aveskamp & Verkley, <italic>Paralept. macrospora</italic> (Thüm.) Gruyter, Aveskamp & Verkley, <italic>Paralept. nitschkei</italic> (Rehm ex G. Winter) Gruyter, Aveskamp & Verkley, <italic>Paralept. orobanches</italic> (Schweinitz: Fr.) Gruyter, Aveskamp & Verkley, <italic>Paralept. praetermissa</italic> (P. Karst.) Gruyter, Aveskamp & Verkley, <bold><italic>Plenodomus</italic></bold><italic>agnitus</italic> (Desm.) Gruyter, Aveskamp & Verkley, <italic>Plen. biglobosus</italic> (Shoemaker & H. Brun) Gruyter, Aveskamp & Verkley, <italic>Plen. chrysanthemi</italic> (Zachos, Constantinou & Panag.) Gruyter, Aveskamp & Verkley, <italic>Plen. collinsoniae</italic> (Dearn. & House) Gruyter, Aveskamp & Verkley, <italic>Plen. confertus</italic> (Niessl ex Sacc.) Gruyter, Aveskamp & Verkley, <italic>Plen. congestus</italic> (M.T. Lucas) Gruyter, Aveskamp & Verkley, <italic>Plen. enteroleucus</italic> (Sacc.) Gruyter, Aveskamp & Verkley<italic>, Plen. fallaciosus</italic> (Berl.) Gruyter, Aveskamp & Verkley, <italic>Plen. hendersoniae</italic> (Fuckel) Gruyter, Aveskamp & Verkley, <italic>Plen. influorescens</italic> (Boerema & Loer.) Gruyter, Aveskamp & Verkley, <italic>Plen. libanotidis</italic> (Fuckel) Gruyter, Aveskamp & Verkley, <italic>Plen. lindquistii</italic> (Frezzi) Gruyter, Aveskamp & Verkley, <italic>Plen. lupini</italic> (Ellis & Everh.) Gruyter, Aveskamp & Verkley, <italic>Plen. pimpinellae</italic> (Lowen & Sivan.) Gruyter, Aveskamp & Verkley, <italic>Plen. tracheiphilus</italic> (Petri) Gruyter, Aveskamp & Verkley, <italic>Plen. visci</italic> (Moesz) Gruyter, Aveskamp & Verkley, <bold><italic>Pleospora</italic></bold><italic>fallens</italic> (Sacc.) Gruyter & Verkley, <italic>Pleo. flavigena</italic> (Constantinou & Aa) Gruyter & Verkley, <italic>Pleo. incompta</italic> (Sacc. & Martelli) Gruyter & Verkley, <bold><italic>Pyrenochaetopsis pratorum</italic></bold> (P.R. Johnst. & Boerema) Gruyter, Aveskamp & Verkley, <bold><italic>Subplenodomus</italic></bold><italic>apiicola</italic> (Kleb.) Gruyter, Aveskamp & Verkley, <italic>Subplen. drobnjacensis</italic> (Bubák) Gruyter, Aveskamp & Verkley, <italic>Subplen. valerianae</italic> (Henn.) Gruyter, Aveskamp & Verkley, <italic>Subplen. violicola</italic> (P. Syd.) Gruyter, Aveskamp & Verkley, <bold><italic>Westerdykella</italic></bold><italic>capitulum</italic> (V.H. Pawar, P.N. Mathur & Thirum.) de Gruyter, Aveskamp & Verkley, <italic>W. minutispora</italic> (P.N. Mathur ex Gruyter & Noordel.) Gruyter, Aveskamp & Verkley. <bold>New names</bold>: <bold><italic>Pleospora</italic></bold><italic>angustis</italic> Gruyter & Verkley, <italic>Pleospora halimiones</italic> Gruyter & Verkley.</p></sec></abstract><kwd-group><title>Key words:</title><kwd>coelomycetes</kwd><kwd><italic>Coniothyriaceae</italic></kwd><kwd><italic>Cucurbitariaceae</italic></kwd><kwd><italic>Leptosphaeriaceae</italic></kwd><kwd><italic>Melanommataceae</italic></kwd><kwd>molecular phylogeny</kwd><kwd><italic>Montagnulaceae</italic></kwd><kwd><italic>Phaeosphaeriaceae</italic></kwd><kwd><italic>Pleosporaceae</italic></kwd><kwd><italic>Sporormiaceae</italic></kwd><kwd>taxonomy</kwd><kwd><italic>Trematosphaeriaceae</italic></kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><body><sec id="S2"><title>INTRODUCTION</title><p id="P8">The anamorphic genus <italic>Phoma</italic> includes many important plant pathogens. The taxonomy of <italic>Phoma</italic> has been studied intensively in the Netherlands for more than 40 years resulting in the development of a generic concept as an outline for identification of <italic>Phoma</italic> species (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R13">Boerema 1997</xref>). In this concept species of the genus <italic>Phoma</italic> are classified based on their morphological characters into nine sections: <italic>Phoma, Heterospora, Macrospora, Paraphoma, Peyronellaea, Phyllostictoides, Pilosa, Plenodomus</italic> and <italic>Sclerophomella</italic> (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R13">Boerema 1997</xref>). The species placed in each of the sections were systematically described culminating in the publication of the “<italic>Phoma</italic> Identification Manual” (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R20">Boerema <italic>et al.</italic> 2004</xref>), which contained the descriptions of 223 specific and infra-specific taxa of <italic>Phoma</italic>, and more than 1000 synonyms in other coelomycetous genera. The classification of the <italic>Phoma</italic> species in sections based on morphology is artificial (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R20">Boerema <italic>et al.</italic> 2004</xref>), and several species can be classified in more than one section as they reveal multiple “section-specific” characters.</p><p id="P9">A large, well-studied <italic>Phoma</italic> culture collection that includes more than 1100 strains of <italic>Phoma</italic> resulted from the extensive morphological studies conducted on <italic>Phoma</italic> in The Netherlands. That culture collection is the basis of an intensive molecular phylogenetic study of the genus <italic>Phoma</italic>, which commenced in 2006. Molecular studies of species of <italic>Phoma</italic> prior to the onset of this project concentrated on the development of molecular detection methods for specific, important plant pathogenic <italic>Phoma</italic> species, such as <italic>Ph. macdonaldii, Ph. tracheiphila, Stagonosporopsis cucurbitacearum</italic> (as <italic>Ph. cucurbitacearum</italic>) and <italic>Boeremia foveata</italic> (as <italic>Ph. foveata</italic>) (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R3">Aveskamp <italic>et al.</italic> 2008</xref>). The phylogeny of the type species of the nine <italic>Phoma</italic> sections and morphologically similar coelomycetes was determined utilising the sequence data of the large subunit 28S nrDNA (LSU) and the small subunit 18S nrDNA (SSU) regions (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R49">de Gruyter <italic>et al</italic>. 2009</xref>). Results of that study demonstrated that the type species of the nine <italic>Phoma</italic> sections all grouped in <italic>Pleosporales</italic>. The type species of five <italic>Phoma</italic> sections, <italic>Phoma, Phyllostictoides, Sclerophomella, Macrospora</italic> and <italic>Peyronellaea</italic> and similar genera, grouped in a distinct clade in <italic>Didymellaceae.</italic> The type species of the remaining four <italic>Phoma</italic> sections, <italic>Heterospora, Paraphoma, Pilosa</italic> and <italic>Plenodomus,</italic> clustered in several clades outside <italic>Didymellaceae</italic> based on the LSU and SSU sequence analysis leading to the conclusion that these species should be excluded from <italic>Phoma</italic> (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R49">de Gruyter <italic>et al.</italic> 2009</xref>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R4">Aveskamp <italic>et al.</italic> 2010</xref>).</p><p id="P10">The molecular phylogeny of the <italic>Phoma</italic> species in <italic>Didymellaceae</italic> was determined in a subsequent study (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R4">Aveskamp <italic>et al.</italic> 2010</xref>) and, as the phylogenetic placement of the sectional type species already suggested, included species mainly from sections <italic>Phoma, Phyllostictoides, Sclerophomella, Macrospora</italic> and <italic>Peyronellaea</italic>. The molecular phylogeny of 11 <italic>Phoma</italic> species classified in <italic>Phoma</italic> section <italic>Paraphoma</italic> based on their setose pycnidia was investigated using LSU and SSU sequences (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R55">de Gruyter <italic>et al.</italic> 2010</xref>) and this section was highly polyphyletic, with species clustering mainly in <italic>Phaeosphaeriaceae</italic> and <italic>Cucurbitariaceae</italic>.</p><p id="P11">The purpose of the present study was to clarify the molecular phylogeny of the <italic>Phoma</italic> species currently classified in sections <italic>Plenodomus</italic> and <italic>Pilosa,</italic> along with <italic>Phoma</italic> species which were determined to be distantly related to the generic type species <italic>Ph. herbarum</italic> in previous molecular studies. Additionally, phoma-like isolates of coelomycetes currently classified in <italic>Ascochyta</italic> and <italic>Coniothyrium</italic> and clustering outside the <italic>Didymellaceae</italic> (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R49">de Gruyter <italic>et al.</italic> 2009</xref>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R4">Aveskamp <italic>et al.</italic> 2010</xref>) are included in this study along with a number of phoma-like species that do not belong to <italic>Pleosporineae</italic>.</p><p id="P12">In the present study, the initial focus was to determine the molecular phylogeny of <italic>Phoma betae</italic> (teleom<italic>. Pleospora betae</italic>) and <italic>Ph. lingam</italic> (teleom<italic>. Leptosphaeria maculans</italic>), type species of the <italic>Phoma</italic> sections <italic>Pilosa</italic> and <italic>Plenodomus</italic>, respectively, at the generic rank based on the sequence data of the LSU and the SSU regions. In a subsequent study, the sequence data of both the LSU and the ITS regions were used for a revised classification of the <italic>Phoma</italic> species currently classified in <italic>Phoma</italic> section <italic>Plenodomus</italic>. Only a limited number of the species currently classified in this section have a confirmed <italic>Leptosphaeria</italic> teleomorph.</p><p id="P13">The <italic>Phoma acuta</italic> species complex was subject of a more detailed study. The teleomorph of <italic>Ph. acuta</italic> is <italic>Leptosphaeria doliolum</italic>, type species of the genus <italic>Leptosphaeria</italic>. A multilocus analysis of sequence data of the SSU, LSU, ITS, β-tubulin (TUB), and chitin synthase 1 (CHS-1) regions was performed. The phylogeny of <italic>Phoma</italic> species of section <italic>Pilosa</italic>, with a <italic>Pleospora</italic> teleomorph (<italic>Pleosporaceae</italic>) was studied utilising actin (ACT) sequence data.</p><p id="P14">Phoma-like species currently attributed to the genera <italic>Aposphaeria, Asteromella, Coniothyrium, Phoma, Plenodomus, Pleurophoma</italic> and <italic>Pyrenochaeta,</italic> which could not be classified in the <italic>Pleosporineae</italic> based on their molecular phylogeny, were included in a LSU sequence analysis. All <italic>Phoma</italic> taxa that are unrelated to <italic>Didymellaceae</italic> and treated in this paper are redisposed to other genera.</p><p id="P15">A further aim of this study was to establish a single nomenclature for well-resolved anamorph-teleomorph relationships as discussed by Hawksworth <italic>et al</italic>. (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R56">2011</xref>). In cases where one anamorph-teleomorph generic relation is involved in a monophyletic lineage, one generic name was chosen based on priority and the other named teleomorph or anamorph state is treated as a synonym. Similar approaches towards single nomenclature have been employed in <italic>Botryosphaeriales</italic> (Crous <italic>et al</italic>. <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R38">2006</xref>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R37">2009a</xref>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R39">b</xref>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R85">Phillips <italic>et al.</italic> 2008</xref>), <italic>Pleosporales</italic> (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R4">Aveskamp <italic>et al.</italic> 2010</xref>), and <italic>Hypocreales</italic> (Lombard <italic>et al</italic>. <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R71">2010a</xref>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R72">b</xref>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R73">c</xref>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R30">Chaverri <italic>et al</italic>. 2011</xref>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R46">Gräfenhan <italic>et al</italic>. 2011</xref>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R89">Schroers <italic>et al</italic>. 2011</xref>).</p></sec><sec sec-type="materials|methods" id="S3"><title>MATERIALS AND METHODS</title><sec id="S4"><title>Isolate selection, culture studies and DNA extraction</title><p id="P16">The generic abbreviations used in this study are: <italic>Ascochyta</italic> (<italic>A.</italic>), <italic>Coniothyrium</italic> (<italic>C</italic>.), <italic>Heterospora</italic> (<italic>H</italic>.), <italic>Leptosphaeria</italic> (<italic>L.</italic>), <italic>Paraconiothyrium</italic> (<italic>Paracon.</italic>), <italic>Paraleptosphaeria</italic> (<italic>Paralep.</italic>), <italic>Phoma</italic> (<italic>Ph.</italic>), <italic>Plenodomus</italic> (<italic>Plen.</italic>), <italic>Pleospora</italic> (<italic>Pleo.</italic>), <italic>Pyrenochaeta</italic> (<italic>Py.</italic>), <italic>Subplenodomus</italic> (<italic>Subplen.</italic>) and <italic>Westerdykella</italic> (<italic>W.</italic>). The isolates included in this study were obtained from the culture collections of the Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures, Utrecht, The Netherlands (CBS-KNAW) and the Dutch National Plant Protection Organization, Wageningen, The Netherlands (PD) (<xref ref-type="table" rid="T1">Table 1</xref>). The freeze-dried isolates were revived overnight in 2 mL malt/peptone (50 % / 50 %) liquid medium and subsequently transferred and maintained on oatmeal agar (OA) (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R40">Crous <italic>et al</italic>. 2009c</xref>). The isolates, which were stored at -196 °C, were directly transferred to OA. Cultures growing on OA and malt extract agar (MEA) (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R40">Crous <italic>et al</italic>. 2009c</xref>) were studied morphologically as described in detail by Boerema <italic>et al.</italic> (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R20">2004</xref>). The genomic DNA isolation was performed using the Ultraclean Microbial DNA isolation kit (Mo Bio Laboratories, Carlsbad, California) according to the instructions of the manufacturer. All DNA extracts were diluted 10 × in milliQ water and stored at 4 °C before use.</p></sec><sec id="S5"><title>PCR and sequencing</title><p id="P17">For nucleotide sequence comparisons, partial regions of SSU, LSU and ITS, as well as part of the ACT, TUB and CHS-1 genes were amplified. The SSU region was amplified with the primers NS1 and NS4 (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R107">White <italic>et al</italic>. 1990</xref>) and the LSU region was amplified with the primers LR0R (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R87">Rehner & Samuels 1994</xref>) and LR7 (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R100">Vilgalys & Hester 1990</xref>). The ITS and TUB regions were amplified as described by Aveskamp <italic>et al</italic>. (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R5">2009</xref>) using the primer pair V9G (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R60">de Hoog & Gerrits van den Ende 1998</xref>) and ITS4 (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R107">White <italic>et al</italic>. 1990</xref>) for the ITS and the BT2Fw and BT4Rd primer pair (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R108">Woudenberg <italic>et al.</italic> 2009</xref>) for the TUB locus. The ACT and CHS-1 regions were amplified using the primer pairs ACT-512F / ACT-783R and CHS-354R / CHS-79F (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R29">Carbone & Kohn 1999</xref>). The amplification reactions were performed and analysed as described by de Gruyter <italic>et al</italic>. (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R49">2009</xref>).</p><p id="P18">Sequencing of the PCR amplicons was conducted using the same primer combinations, although the primer LR5 (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R100">Vilgalys & Hester 1990</xref>) was used as an additional internal sequencing primer for LSU. The sequence products were purified using Sephadex columns (Sephadex G-50 Superfine, Amersham Biosciences, Roosendaal, Netherlands) and analysed with an ABI Prism 3730XL Sequencer (Applied Biosystems) according to the manufacturer’s instructions. Consensus sequences were computed from both forward and reverse sequences using the Bionumerics v. 4.61 software package (Applied Maths, Sint-Martens-Latem, Belgium) and were lodged with GenBank. All sequences of reference isolates included in this study were obtained from GenBank (<xref ref-type="table" rid="T1">Table 1</xref>).</p></sec><sec id="S6"><title>Phylogenetic analyses</title><p id="P19">To determine the phylogeny of <italic>Phoma betae</italic> and <italic>Ph. lingam</italic> at rank, the SSU and LSU sequence data of two isolates were aligned with the sequences of 46 reference isolates in the <italic>Pleosporales</italic> that were obtained from GenBank (<xref ref-type="table" rid="T1">Table 1</xref>), 14 of which were classified in the <italic>Pleosporaceae</italic> or <italic>Leptosphaeriaceae</italic>. The phylogeny of <italic>Phoma</italic> section <italic>Plenodomus</italic> was determined with the combined data set of LSU and ITS sequences of 87 isolates, including 53 isolates currently classified in <italic>Leptosphaeria</italic> and <italic>Phoma</italic> section <italic>Plenodomus. Phoma apiicola, Ph. dimorphospora, Ph. heteromorphospora, Ph. lupini, Ph. valerianae, Ph. vasinfecta</italic> and <italic>Ph. violicola</italic> classified in <italic>Phoma</italic> sections <italic>Phoma</italic> or <italic>Heterospora</italic> (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R20">Boerema <italic>et al.</italic> 2004</xref>) grouped in previous molecular phylogenetic studies outside <italic>Didymellaceae</italic> (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R49">de Gruyter <italic>et al.</italic> 2009</xref>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R4">Aveskamp <italic>et al</italic>. 2010</xref>), and are therefore treated here.</p><p id="P20">In the study of the <italic>Leptosphaeria doliolum</italic> complex, that includes the subspecies of <italic>Ph. acuta, viz.</italic> subsp. <italic>acuta, errabunda</italic> and also <italic>Ph. acuta</italic> subsp. <italic>acuta</italic> f. sp. <italic>phlogis</italic>, a phylogenetic analysis was performed utilising the ITS, ACT, TUB, CHS-1 sequences of 18 isolates. <italic>Phoma macrocapsa, Ph. sydowii</italic> and <italic>Ph. veronicicola</italic> being closely related to this species complex were included.</p><p id="P21">The species concept of phoma-like anamorphs in <italic>Pleosporaceae</italic> was determined by alignments of the ACT sequences of 15 isolates and five reference isolates. <italic>Phoma fallens, Ph. glaucispora</italic> and <italic>Ph. flavigena</italic> were also included. These species were originally classified in <italic>Phoma</italic> sect. <italic>Phoma</italic> (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R52">de Gruyter & Noordeloos 1992</xref>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R54">de Gruyter <italic>et al.</italic> 1998</xref>). However, a molecular phylogenetic study demonstrated that these species grouped in a clade representing <italic>Leptosphaeriaceae</italic> and <italic>Pleosporaceae</italic> (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R4">Aveskamp <italic>et al.</italic> 2010</xref>). Sequence data were compared with those of isolates currently classified in the genera <italic>Phoma, Ascochyta</italic> and <italic>Coniothyrium</italic>, as well as isolates of <italic>Leptosphaeria clavata</italic> and the generic type species <italic>Pleospora herbarum. Phoma incompta</italic> is the only species classified in <italic>Phoma</italic> section <italic>Sclerophomella,</italic> which proved to be unrelated to <italic>Didymellaceae</italic> (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R4">Aveskamp <italic>et al.</italic> 2010</xref>).</p><p id="P22">The phoma-like species that could not be attributed to <italic>Pleosporineae</italic> (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R113">Zhang <italic>et al</italic>. 2009</xref>) were studied with the LSU sequences of 40 isolates, including 20 reference isolates representing the anamorph genera <italic>Beverwykella, Neottiosporina, Paraconiothyrium,</italic> as well as the teleomorph genera <italic>Byssothecium, Falciformispora, Herpotrichia, Melanomma, Paraphaeosphaeria, Pleomassaria, Preussia, Roussoella, Splanchnonema, Sporormiella, Thyridaria, Trematosphaeria</italic> and <italic>Westerdykella.</italic> Four <italic>Phoma</italic> species were included which are currently described in <italic>Phoma</italic> section <italic>Phoma, viz. Ph. capitulum, Ph. flavescens, Ph. lini,</italic> and <italic>Ph. minutispora</italic> (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R52">de Gruyter & Noordeloos 1992</xref>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R53">de Gruyter <italic>et al.</italic> 1993</xref>). In addition, the human pathogens <italic>Pyrenochaeta romeroi and Py. mackinnonii</italic>, which could not be classified in a recent study dealing with phoma-like species with setose pycnidia (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R55">de Gruyter <italic>et al.</italic> 2010</xref>), were included.</p><p id="P23">The multiple alignments were automatically calculated by the BioNumerics software package, but manual adjustments for improvement were made by eye where necessary. For multilocus alignments, the phylogenetic analyses were done for each dataset individually, and where similar tree topologies were obtained, an analysis was performed on the combined alignment of all the gene regions in the multilocus alignment. Neighbour-Joining (NJ) distance analyses were conducted using PAUP (Phylogenetic Analysis Using Parsimony) v. 4.0b10 (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R96">Swofford 2003</xref>) with the uncorrected “p”, Jukes-Cantor and Kimura 2-parameter substitution models. The robustness of the trees obtained was evaluated by 1000 bootstrap replications. A Bayesian analysis was conducted with MrBayes v. 3.1.2 (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R64">Huelsenbeck & Ronqvist 2001</xref>) in two parallel runs, using the default settings but with the following adjustments: the GTR model (trees 1-3, 5) with gamma-distributed rate and the HKY+ γ-model (tree 4) were selected for the partitions using the Findmodel freeware (<uri xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="http://hcv.lanl.gov/content/hcv-db/findmodel/findmodel.html">http://hcv.lanl.gov/content/hcv-db/findmodel/findmodel.html</uri>), and a MCMC heated chain was set with a “temperature” value of 0.05. The number of generations and sample frequencies were set at 5 million and 10 (trees 3-5) or 100 (trees 1, 2) respectively and the run was automatically stopped as soon as the average standard deviation of split frequencies reached below 0.01. The resulting trees were printed with TreeView v. 1.6.6 (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R82">Page 1996</xref>) and alignments and trees were deposited into TreeBASE (<uri xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="www.treebase.org">www.treebase.org</uri>).</p></sec></sec><sec sec-type="results" id="S7"><title>RESULTS</title><p id="P24">The data for the aligned sequence matrices for the trees obtained in the different studies are provided below. In the case that alignments of multiple loci are involved, the topologies of the obtained trees for each locus were compared by eye to confirm that the overall tree topology of the individual datasets were similar to each other and to that of the tree obtained from the combined alignment. The NJ analyses with the three substitution models showed similar tree topologies and were congruent to those obtained in the Bayesian analyses. The results of the molecular phylogenetic analyses are supplied below; the summarised additional ecology and distribution data of the taxa involved were adopted from Boerema <italic>et al.</italic> (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R20">2004</xref>), where the references to original literature are provided.</p><sec id="S8"><title>Phylogeny of <italic>Phoma lingam</italic> and <italic>Ph. betae</italic>, the type species of <italic>Phoma</italic> sections <italic>Plenodomus</italic> and <italic>Pilosa</italic> (<italic>Pleosporineae</italic>)</title><p id="P25">The aligned sequence matrix obtained for the SSU and LSU regions had a total length of 2 671 nucleotide characters, 1 367 and 1 304 respectively. In the alignment, an insertion in the SSU at the positions 478-832 was observed for the cultures <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=216.75&link_type=cbs">CBS 216.75</ext-link>, <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=165.78&link_type=cbs">CBS 165.78</ext-link>, <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=138.96&link_type=cbs">CBS 138.96</ext-link>, <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=331.37&link_type=cbs">CBS 331.37</ext-link> and <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=674.75&link_type=cbs">CBS 674.75</ext-link>. This insertion was excluded from further phylogenetic analyses. The combined dataset used in the analyses included 48 taxa and contained 2 316 characters with 101 and 213 unique site patterns for SSU and LSU, respectively. The tree (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F1">Fig. 1</xref>) was rooted to <italic>Sporormiella minima</italic> (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=524.50&link_type=cbs">CBS 524.50</ext-link>). The Bayesian analysis resulted in 6 5442 trees after 3 272 000 generations, from which the burn-in was discarded and the consensus tree and posterior probabilities were calculated based on 56 028 trees (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F1">Fig. 1</xref>).</p><fig id="F1" position="float"><label>Fig. 1.</label><caption><p>The phylogeny of <italic>Phoma lingam</italic> and <italic>Phoma betae</italic>, the type species of <italic>Phoma</italic> sections <italic>Plenodomus</italic> and <italic>Pilosa</italic>, based on the strict consensus tree from a Bayesian analysis of 48 LSU/SSU sequences. The Bayesian posterior probabilities are given at the nodes. The tree was rooted to <italic>Sporormiella minima</italic> (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=524.50&link_type=cbs">CBS 524.50</ext-link>).</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="1fig1"></graphic></fig><table-wrap id="T1" position="float"><label>Table 1.</label><caption><p>Isolates used in this study and their GenBank accession numbers. Name changes and newly generated sequences are indicated in bold.</p></caption><table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><colgroup span="1"><col align="left" valign="middle" span="1"></col><col align="left" valign="middle" span="1"></col><col align="left" valign="middle" span="1"></col><col align="left" valign="middle" span="1"></col><col align="center" valign="middle" span="1"></col><col align="center" valign="middle" span="1"></col><col align="center" valign="middle" span="1"></col><col align="center" valign="middle" span="1"></col><col align="center" valign="middle" span="1"></col><col align="center" valign="middle" span="1"></col><col align="left" valign="middle" span="1"></col><col align="left" valign="middle" span="1"></col></colgroup><thead><tr><th align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>Species name, final identification</bold></th><th align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>Former identification</bold></th><th align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>CBS no.</bold></th><th align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>Other no.</bold></th><th align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>ITS</bold></th><th align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>SSU</bold></th><th align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>LSU</bold></th><th align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>ACT</bold></th><th align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>TUB</bold></th><th align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>CHS-1</bold></th><th align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>Host, substrate</bold></th><th align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>Country</bold></th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold><italic>Aposphaeria corallinolutea</italic> sp. nov.</bold></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Pleurophoma</italic> sp.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=131286&link_type=cbs">CBS 131286</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">PD 83/367</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>JF740329</bold></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Kerria japonica</italic> (<italic>Rosaceae</italic>)</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Netherlands</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Pleurophoma</italic> sp.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=131287&link_type=cbs">CBS 131287</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">PD 83/831</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>JF740330</bold></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Fraxinus excelsior</italic> (<italic>Oleaceae</italic>)</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Netherlands</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Aposphaeria populina</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=543.70&link_type=cbs">CBS 543.70</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">EU754130</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Populus canadensis</italic> (<italic>Salicaceae</italic>)</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Netherlands</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Pyrenochaeta</italic> sp.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=350.82&link_type=cbs">CBS 350.82</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>JF740265</bold></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Picea abies</italic> (<italic>Pinaceae</italic>)</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Germany</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Pleurophoma</italic> sp.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=130330&link_type=cbs">CBS 130330</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">PD 84/221</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>JF740328</bold></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Cornus mas</italic> (<italic>Cornaceae</italic>)</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Netherlands</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Beverwykella pulmonaria</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=283.53&link_type=cbs">CBS 283.53</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">ATCC 32983, IFO 6800</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">GU301804</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Fagus sylvatica</italic> (<italic>Fagaceae</italic>)</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Netherlands</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Byssothecium circinans</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=675.92&link_type=cbs">CBS 675.92</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">ATCC 52767, ATCC 52678, IMI 266220</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">AY016357</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Medicago sativa</italic> (<italic>Fabaceae</italic>)</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">USA</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Chaetodiplodia</italic> sp.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Chaetodiplodia</italic> sp.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=453.68&link_type=cbs">CBS 453.68</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>JF740115</bold></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Halimione portulacoides</italic> (<italic>Chenopodiaceae</italic>)</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Netherlands</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Chaetosphaeronema hispidulum</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=216.75&link_type=cbs">CBS 216.75</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">EU754045</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">EU754144</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Anthyllis vulneraria</italic> (<italic>Fabaceae</italic>)</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Germany</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Cochliobolus sativus</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">DAOM 226212</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">DQ677995</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">DQ678045</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">(<italic>Poaceae</italic>)</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Unknown</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold><italic>Coniothyrium carteri</italic> comb. nov.</bold></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Phoma carteri</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=101633&link_type=cbs">CBS 101633</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">PD 84/74</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>JF740180</bold></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">GQ387593</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Quercus</italic> sp. <italic>Fagaceae</italic>)</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Netherlands</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Phoma carteri</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=105.91&link_type=cbs">CBS 105.91</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>JF740181</bold></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">GQ387533</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">GQ387594</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Quercus robur</italic> (<italic>Fagaceae</italic>)</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Germany</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold><italic>Coniothyrium dolichi</italic> comb. nov.</bold></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Pyrenochaeta dolichi</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=124143&link_type=cbs">CBS 124143</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">IMI 217261</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>JF740182</bold></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">GQ387610</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Dolichos biforus</italic> (<italic>Fabaceae</italic>)</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">India</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Pyrenochaeta dolichi</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=124140&link_type=cbs">CBS 124140</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">IMI 217262</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>JF740183</bold></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">GQ387550</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">GQ387611</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Dolichos biforus</italic> (<italic>Fabaceae</italic>)</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">India</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold><italic>Coniothyrium glycines</italic> comb. nov.</bold></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Phoma glycinicola</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=124455&link_type=cbs">CBS 124455</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">IMI 294986</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>JF740184</bold></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">GQ387536</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">GQ387597</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Glycine max</italic> (<italic>Fabaceae</italic>)</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Zambia</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Phoma glycinicola</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=124141&link_type=cbs">CBS 124141</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">PG-1</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>JF740185</bold></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">GQ387598</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Glycine max</italic> (<italic>Fabaceae</italic>)</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Zimbabwe</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold><italic>Coniothyrium multiporum</italic> comb. nov.</bold></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Phoma multipora</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=501.91&link_type=cbs">CBS 501.91</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">PD 83/888</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>JF740186</bold></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">GU238109</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Unknown</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Egypt</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Phoma multipora</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=353.65&link_type=cbs">CBS 353.65</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">IMI 113689, ATCC 16207, HACC 164</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>JF740187</bold></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>JF740268</bold></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Saline soil</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">India</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Coniothyrium palmarum</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=400.71&link_type=cbs">CBS 400.71</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">AY720708</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">EU754054</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">EU754153</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Chamaerops humilis</italic> (<italic>Arecaceae</italic>)</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Italy</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold><italic>Coniothyrium telephii</italic> comb. nov.</bold></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Phoma septicidalis</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=188.71&link_type=cbs">CBS 188.71</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>JF740188</bold></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">GQ387538</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">GQ387599</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Air</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Finland</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Phoma septicidalis</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=856.97&link_type=cbs">CBS 856.97</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>JF740189</bold></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">GQ387539</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">GQ387600</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Mineral wool</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Finland</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Phoma septicidalis</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=101636&link_type=cbs">CBS 101636</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">PD 86/1186</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>JF740190</bold></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">GQ387540</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">GQ387601</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Glycine max</italic> (<italic>Fabaceae</italic>)</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Zimbabwe</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Cucurbitaria berberidis</italic>, anam. <italic>Pyrenochaeta berberidis</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=363.93&link_type=cbs">CBS 363.93</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>JF740191</bold></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">GQ387545</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">GQ387606</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Berberis vulgaris</italic> (<italic>Berberidaceae</italic>)</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Netherlands</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Didymella exigua</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=183.55&link_type=cbs">CBS 183.55</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">EU754056</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">EU754155</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Rumex arifolius</italic> (<italic>Polygonaceae</italic>)</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">France</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Didymella lycopersici</italic>, anam. <italic>Boeremia lycopersici</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=378.67&link_type=cbs">CBS 378.67</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>JF740097</bold></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">GU237950</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Lycopersicon esculentum</italic> (<italic>Solanaceae</italic>)</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Netherlands</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Falcisormispora lignatilis</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">BCC 21118</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">GU371827</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Elaeis guineensis</italic> (<italic>Arecaceae</italic>)</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Thailand</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Herpotrichia juniperi</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=200.31&link_type=cbs">CBS 200.31</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">DQ678080</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Juniperus nana</italic> (<italic>Cupressaceae</italic>)</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Switzerland</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold><italic>Heterospora chenopodii</italic> comb. nov.</bold></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Phoma heteromorphospora</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=448.68&link_type=cbs">CBS 448.68</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">FJ427023</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">EU754088</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">EU754187</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Chenopodium album</italic> (<italic>Chenopodiaceae</italic>)</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Netherlands</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Phoma heteromorphospora</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=115.96&link_type=cbs">CBS 115.96</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">PD 94/1576</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>JF740227</bold></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">EU754188</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Chenopodium album</italic> (<italic>Chenopodiaceae</italic>)</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Netherlands</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold><italic>Heterospora dimorphospora</italic> comb. nov.</bold></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Phoma dimorphospora</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=345.78&link_type=cbs">CBS 345.78</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">PD 76/1015</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>JF740203</bold></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">GU238069</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Chenopodium quinoa</italic> (<italic>Chenopodiaceae</italic>)</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Peru</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Phoma dimorphospora</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=165.78&link_type=cbs">CBS 165.78</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">PD 77/884</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>JF740204</bold></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>JF740098</bold></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>JF740281</bold></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Chenopodium quinoa</italic> (<italic>Chenopodiaceae</italic>)</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Peru</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Leptosphaeria conoidea</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Leptosphaeria conoidea</italic>, anam. <italic>Phoma doliolum</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=616.75&link_type=cbs">CBS 616.75</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">ATCC 32813, IMI 199777, PD 74/56</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>JF740201</bold></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>JF740099</bold></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>JF740279</bold></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Lunaria annua</italic> (<italic>Brassicaceae</italic>)</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Netherlands</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Leptosphaeria conoidea</italic>, anam. <italic>Phoma doliolum</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=125977&link_type=cbs">CBS 125977</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">PD 82/888</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>JF740202</bold></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>JF740280</bold></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Senecio</italic> sp. (<italic>Asteraceae</italic>)</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Netherlands</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Leptosphaeria doliolum</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Leptosphaeria doliolum</italic> subsp. <italic>doliolum</italic> var. <italic>doliolum</italic>, anam. <italic>Phoma acuta</italic> subsp. <italic>acuta</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=505.75&link_type=cbs">CBS 505.75</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">PD 75/141</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>JF740205</bold></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">GQ387515</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">GQ387576</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>JF740126</bold></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>JF740144</bold></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>JF740162</bold></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Urtica dioica</italic> (<italic>Urticaceae</italic>)</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Netherlands</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Leptosphaeria doliolum</italic> subsp. <italic>errabunda</italic>, anam. <italic>Phoma acuta</italic> subsp. <italic>errabunda</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=541.66&link_type=cbs">CBS 541.66</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">PD 66/221</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>JF740206</bold></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>JF740284</bold></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>JF740127</bold></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>JF740145</bold></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>JF740163</bold></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Rudbeckia</italic> sp. (<italic>Asteraceae</italic>)</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Netherlands</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Phoma acuta</italic> subsp. <italic>acuta</italic> f.sp. <italic>phloxis</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=155.94&link_type=cbs">CBS 155.94</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">PD 77/80</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>JF740207</bold></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>JF740282</bold></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>JF740128</bold></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>JF740146</bold></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>JF740164</bold></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Phlox paniculata</italic> (<italic>Polemoniaceae</italic>)</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Netherlands</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Phoma acuta</italic> subsp. <italic>acuta</italic> f.sp. <italic>phloxis</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=125979&link_type=cbs">CBS 125979</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">PD 78/37</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>JF740208</bold></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>JF740283</bold></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>JF740129</bold></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>JF740147</bold></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>JF740165</bold></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Phlox paniculata</italic> (<italic>Polemoniaceae</italic>)</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Netherlands</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Leptosphaeria doliolum</italic> subsp. <italic>doliolum</italic> var. <italic>doliolum</italic>, anam. <italic>Phoma acuta</italic> subsp. <italic>acuta</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=504.75&link_type=cbs">CBS 504.75</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">PD 74/55</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>JF740209</bold></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>JF740130</bold></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>JF740148</bold></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>JF740166</bold></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Urtica dioica</italic> (<italic>Urticaceae</italic>)</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Netherlands</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Leptosphaeria doliolum</italic> subsp. <italic>doliolum</italic> var. <italic>doliolum</italic>, anam. <italic>Phoma acuta</italic> subsp. <italic>acuta</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=130000&link_type=cbs">CBS 130000</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">PD 82/701</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>JF740210</bold></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>JF740131</bold></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>JF740149</bold></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>JF740167</bold></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Urtica dioica</italic> (<italic>Urticaceae</italic>)</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Netherlands</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold><italic>Leptosphaeria errabunda</italic> comb. nov.</bold></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Leptosphaeria doliolum</italic> subsp. <italic>errabunda</italic>, anam. <italic>Phoma acuta</italic> subsp. <italic>errabunda</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=617.75&link_type=cbs">CBS 617.75</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">ATCC 32814, IMI 199775, PD 74/201</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>JF740216</bold></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>JF740289</bold></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>JF740132</bold></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>JF740150</bold></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>JF740168</bold></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Solidago</italic> sp. (hybrid) (<italic>Asteraceae</italic>)</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Netherlands</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Leptosphaeria doliolum</italic> subsp. <italic>errabunda</italic>, anam. <italic>Phoma acuta</italic> subsp. <italic>errabunda</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=125978&link_type=cbs">CBS 125978</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">PD 74/61</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>JF740217</bold></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>JF740290</bold></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>JF740133</bold></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>JF740151</bold></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>JF740169</bold></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Delphinium</italic> sp. (<italic>Ranunculaceae</italic>)</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Netherlands</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Leptosphaeria doliolum</italic> subsp. <italic>errabunda</italic>, anam. <italic>Phoma acuta</italic> subsp. <italic>errabunda</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=129999&link_type=cbs">CBS 129999</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">PD 78/569</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>JF740218</bold></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>JF740134</bold></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>JF740152</bold></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>JF740170</bold></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Aconitum</italic> sp. (<italic>Ranunculaceae</italic>)</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Netherlands</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Leptosphaeria doliolum</italic> subsp. <italic>errabunda</italic>, anam. <italic>Phoma acuta</italic> subsp. <italic>errabunda</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=129998&link_type=cbs">CBS 129998</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">PD 84/462</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>JF740219</bold></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>JF740135</bold></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>JF740153</bold></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>JF740171</bold></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Gailardia</italic> (<italic>Asteraceae</italic>)</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Netherlands</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Leptosphaeria doliolum</italic> subsp. <italic>errabunda</italic>, anam. <italic>Phoma acuta</italic> subsp. <italic>errabunda</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=129997&link_type=cbs">CBS 129997</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">PD 78/631</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>JF740220</bold></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>JF740136</bold></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>JF740154</bold></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>JF740172</bold></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Achillea millefolium</italic> (<italic>Apiaceae</italic>)</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Netherlands</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold><italic>Leptosphaeria etheridgei</italic> comb. nov.</bold></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Phoma etheridgei</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=125980&link_type=cbs">CBS 125980</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">DAOM 216539, PD 95/1483</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>JF740221</bold></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>JF740291</bold></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Populus tremuloides</italic> (<italic>Salicaceae</italic>)</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Canada</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold><italic>Leptosphaeria macrocapsa</italic> comb. nov.</bold></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Phoma macrocapsa</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=640.93&link_type=cbs">CBS 640.93</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">PD 78/139</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>JF740237</bold></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>JF740304</bold></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>JF740138</bold></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>JF740156</bold></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>JF740174</bold></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Mercurialis perennis</italic> (<italic>Euphorbiaceae</italic>)</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Netherlands</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold><italic>Leptosphaeria pedicularis</italic> comb. nov.</bold></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Phoma pedicularis</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=126582&link_type=cbs">CBS 126582</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">PD 77/710</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>JF740223</bold></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>JF740293</bold></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Gentiana punctata</italic> (<italic>Gentianaceae</italic>)</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Switzerland</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Phoma pedicularis</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=390.80&link_type=cbs">CBS 390.80</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">PD 77/711</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>JF740224</bold></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>JF740294</bold></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>JF740137</bold></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>JF740155</bold></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>JF740173</bold></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Pedicularis</italic> sp. (<italic>Scrophulariaceae</italic>)</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Switzerland</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold><italic>Leptosphaeria rubefaciens</italic> comb. nov.</bold></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Phoma rubefaciens</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=387.80&link_type=cbs">CBS 387.80</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">IMI 248432, ATCC 42533, PD 78/809</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>JF740242</bold></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>JF740311</bold></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Tilia</italic> (×) <italic>europea</italic> (<italic>Malvaceae</italic>)</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Netherlands</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Phoma rubefaciens</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=223.77&link_type=cbs">CBS 223.77</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>JF740243</bold></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>JF740312</bold></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Quercus</italic> sp. (<italic>Fagaceae</italic>)</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Switzerland</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold><italic>Leptosphaeria sclerotioides</italic> comb. nov.</bold></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Phoma sclerotioides</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=144.84&link_type=cbs">CBS 144.84</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">CECT 20025, PD 82/1061</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>JF740192</bold></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>JF740269</bold></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Medicago sativa</italic> (<italic>Fabaceae</italic>)</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Canada</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Phoma sclerotioides</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=148.84&link_type=cbs">CBS 148.84</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">PD 80/1242</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>JF740193</bold></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>JF740270</bold></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Medicago sativa</italic> (<italic>Fabaceae</italic>)</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Canada</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Leptosphaeria slovacica</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Leptosphaeria slovacica</italic>, anam. <italic>Phoma leonuri</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=389.80&link_type=cbs">CBS 389.80</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">PD 79/171</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>JF740247</bold></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>JF740101</bold></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>JF740315</bold></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Balota nigra</italic> (<italic>Lamiaceae</italic>)</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Netherlands</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Leptosphaeria slovacica</italic>, anam. <italic>Phoma leonuri</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=125975&link_type=cbs">CBS 125975</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">PD 77/1161</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>JF740248</bold></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>JF740316</bold></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Balota nigra</italic> (<italic>Lamiaceae</italic>)</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Netherlands</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold><italic>Leptosphaeria sydowii</italic> comb. nov.</bold></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Phoma sydowii</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=385.80&link_type=cbs">CBS 385.80</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">PD 74/477</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>JF740244</bold></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>JF740313</bold></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>JF740139</bold></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>JF740157</bold></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>JF740175</bold></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Senecio jacobaea</italic> (<italic>Asteraceae</italic>)</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">UK</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Phoma sydowii</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=125976&link_type=cbs">CBS 125976</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">PD 84/472</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>JF740245</bold></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>JF740314</bold></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>JF740140</bold></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>JF740158</bold></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>JF740176</bold></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Senecio jacobaea</italic> (<italic>Asteraceae</italic>)</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Netherlands</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Phoma sydowii</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=297.51&link_type=cbs">CBS 297.51</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>JF740246</bold></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>JF740141</bold></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>JF740159</bold></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>JF740177</bold></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Papaver rhoeas</italic> (<italic>Papaveraceae</italic>)</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Switzerland</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold><italic>Leptosphaeria veronicae</italic> comb. nov.</bold></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Phoma veronicicola</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=145.84&link_type=cbs">CBS 145.84</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">CECT 20059, PD 78/273</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>JF740254</bold></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>JF740320</bold></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>JF740142</bold></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>JF740160</bold></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>JF740178</bold></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Veronica chamaedryoides</italic> (<italic>Scrophulariaceae</italic>)</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Netherlands</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Phoma veronicicola</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=126583&link_type=cbs">CBS 126583</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">PD 74/227</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>JF740255</bold></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>JF740321</bold></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>JF740143</bold></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>JF740161</bold></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>JF740179</bold></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Veronica</italic> ‘Shirley Blue’ (<italic>Scrophulariaceae</italic>)</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Netherlands</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Massarina eburnea</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">H 3953, HHUF 26621, JCM 14422</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">AB521718</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">AB521735</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Fagus sylvatica</italic> (<italic>Fagaceae</italic>)</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">UK</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Massarina eburnea</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=473.64&link_type=cbs">CBS 473.64</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">ETH 2945</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">GU296170</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">GU301840</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Fagus sylvatica</italic> (<italic>Fagaceae</italic>)</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Switzerland</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold><italic>Medicopsis romeroi</italic> comb. nov.</bold></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Pyrenochaeta romeroi</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=252.60&link_type=cbs">CBS 252.60</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">ATCC 13735, FMC 151, UAMH 10841</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">EU754108</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">EU754207</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Human, maduromycosis</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Venezuela</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Pyrenochaeta romeroi</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=122784&link_type=cbs">CBS 122784</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">PD 84/1022</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">EU754208</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Hordeum vulgare</italic> (<italic>Gramineae</italic>)</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Unknown</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Melanomma pulvis-pyrius</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=371.75&link_type=cbs">CBS 371.75</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">GU301845</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Wood</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">France</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=400.97&link_type=cbs">CBS 400.97</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">DQ678020</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">DQ678072</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Fagus</italic> sp. (Fagaceae)</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Belgium</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Neophaeosphaeria filamentosa</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=102202&link_type=cbs">CBS 102202</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">BPI 802755</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>JF740259</bold></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">GQ387516</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">GQ387577</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Yucca rostrata</italic> (<italic>Agavaceae</italic>)</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Mexico</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Neosetophoma samarorum</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=138.96&link_type=cbs">CBS 138.96</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">PD 82/653</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">GQ387517</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">GQ387578</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Phlox paniculata</italic> (<italic>Polemoniaceae</italic>)</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Netherlands</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Neottiosporina paspali</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=331.37&link_type=cbs">CBS 331.37</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">EU754073</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">EU754172</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Paspalum notatum</italic> (<italic>Poaceae</italic>)</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">USA</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold><italic>Nigrogana mackinnonii</italic> comb. nov.</bold></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Pyrenochaeta mackinnonii</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=674.75&link_type=cbs">CBS 674.75</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">FMC 270</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">GQ387552</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">GQ387613</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Human, black grain mycetoma</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Venezuela</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Pyrenochaeta mackinnonii</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=110022&link_type=cbs">CBS 110022</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">GQ387614</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Human, mycetoma</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Mexico</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold><italic>Paraconiothyrium flavescens</italic> comb. nov.</bold></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Phoma flavescens</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=178.93&link_type=cbs">CBS 178.93</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">PD 82/1062</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">GU238075</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Soil</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Netherlands</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold><italic>Paraconiothyrium fuckelii</italic> comb. nov.</bold></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Coniothyrium fuckelii</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=797.95&link_type=cbs">CBS 797.95</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">GU238204</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">GU237960</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Rubus</italic> sp. (<italic>Rosaceae</italic>)</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Denmark</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold><italic>Paraconiothyrium fusco-maculans</italic> comb. nov.</bold></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Plenodomus fusco-maculans</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=116.16&link_type=cbs">CBS 116.16</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">EU754197</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Malus</italic> sp. (<italic>Rosaceae</italic>)</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">USA</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold><italic>Paraconiothyrium lini</italic> comb. nov.</bold></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Phoma lini</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=253.92&link_type=cbs">CBS 253.92</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">PD 70/998</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">EU238093</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Wisconsin tank</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Netherlands</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold><italic>Paraconiothyrium maculicutis</italic> sp. nov.</bold></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Pleurophoma pleurospora</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=101461&link_type=cbs">CBS 101461</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">IMI 320754, UTHSC 87-144</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">EU754200</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Human, cutaneous lesions</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">USA</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Paraconiothyrium minitans</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=122788&link_type=cbs">CBS 122788</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">PD 07/03486739</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">EU754074</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">EU754173</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Unknown</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">UK</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=122786&link_type=cbs">CBS 122786</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">PD 99/1064-1</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">EU754174</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Clematis</italic> sp. (<italic>Ranunculaceae</italic>)</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Netherlands</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold><italic>Paraconiothyrium tiliae</italic> comb. nov.</bold></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Asteromella tiliae</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=265.94&link_type=cbs">CBS 265.94</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">EU754139</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Tilia platyphyllos</italic> (<italic>Tiliaceae</italic>)</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Austria</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold><italic>Paraleptosphaeria dryadis</italic> comb. nov.</bold></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Leptosphaeria dryadis</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=643.86&link_type=cbs">CBS 643.86</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>JF740213</bold></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">GU301828</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Dryas octopetala</italic> (<italic>Rosaceae</italic>)</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Switzerland</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold><italic>Paraleptosphaeria macrospora</italic> comb. nov.</bold></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Phoma macrospora</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=114198&link_type=cbs">CBS 114198</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">UPSC 2686</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>JF740238</bold></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>JF740305</bold></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Rumex domesticus</italic> (<italic>Chenopodiaceae</italic>)</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Norway</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold><italic>Paraleptosphaeria nitschkei</italic> comb. nov.</bold></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Leptosphaeria nitschkei</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=306.51&link_type=cbs">CBS 306.51</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>JF740239</bold></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>JF740308</bold></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Cirsium spinosissimum</italic> (<italic>Asteraceae</italic>)</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Switzerland</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold><italic>Paraleptosphaeria orobanches</italic> comb. nov.</bold></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Phoma korfii</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=101638&link_type=cbs">CBS 101638</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">PD 97/12070</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>JF400230</bold></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>JF740299</bold></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Epifagus virginiana</italic> (<italic>Orobanchaceae</italic>)</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">USA</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold><italic>Paraleptosphaeria praetermissa</italic> comb. nov.</bold></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Leptosphaeria praetermissa</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=114591&link_type=cbs">CBS 114591</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>JF740241</bold></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>JF740310</bold></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Rubus idaeus</italic> (<italic>Rosaceae</italic>)</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Sweden</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Paraphaeosphaeria michoti</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=652.86&link_type=cbs">CBS 652.86</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">ETH 9483</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">GQ387520</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">GQ387581</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Typha latifolia</italic> (<italic>Typhaceae</italic>)</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Switzerland</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Paraphoma radicina</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=111.79&link_type=cbs">CBS 111.79</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">IMI 386094, PD 76/437</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">EU754092</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">EU754191</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Malus sylvestris</italic> (<italic>Rosaceae</italic>)</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Netherlands</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Phaeosphaeria nodorum</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=110109&link_type=cbs">CBS 110109</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">EU754076</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">EU754175</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Lolium perenne</italic> (<italic>Gramineae</italic>)</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Denmark</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Phoma herbarum</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=615.75&link_type=cbs">CBS 615.75</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">FJ427022</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">EU754087</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">EU754186</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Rosa multiflora</italic> (<italic>Rosaceae</italic>)</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Netherlands</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Phoma paspali</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=560.81&link_type=cbs">CBS 560.81</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">PD 92/1569</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">GU238227</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">G238124</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Paspalum dilatum</italic> (<italic>Poaceae</italic>)</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">New Zealand</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold><italic>Plenodomus agnitus</italic> comb. nov.</bold></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Leptosphaeria agnita</italic>, anam. <italic>Phoma agnita</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=121.89&link_type=cbs">CBS 121.89</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">PD 82/903</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>JF740194</bold></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>JF740271</bold></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Eupatorium cannabinum</italic> (<italic>Asteraceae</italic>)</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Netherlands</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Leptosphaeria agnita</italic>, anam. <italic>Phoma agnita</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=126584&link_type=cbs">CBS 126584</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">PD 82/561</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>JF740195</bold></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>JF740272</bold></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Eupatorium cannabinum</italic> (<italic>Asteraceae</italic>)</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Netherlands</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold><italic>Plenodomus biglobosus</italic> comb. nov.</bold></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Leptosphaeria biglobosa</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=119951&link_type=cbs">CBS 119951</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>JF740198</bold></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>JF740102</bold></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>JF740274</bold></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Brassica rapa</italic> (<italic>Brassicaceae</italic>)</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Netherlands</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=127249&link_type=cbs">CBS 127249</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">DAOM 229269</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>JF740199</bold></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>JF740275</bold></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Brassica juncea</italic> (<italic>Brassicaceae</italic>)</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">France</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold><italic>Plenodomus chrysanthemi</italic> comb. nov.</bold></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Phoma vasinfecta</italic>, synanam. <italic>Phialophora chrysanthemi</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=539.63&link_type=cbs">CBS 539.63</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>JF740253</bold></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">GU238230</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">GU238151</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Chrysanthemum</italic> sp. (<italic>Asteraceae</italic>)</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Greece</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold><italic>Plenodomus collinsoniae</italic> comb. nov.</bold></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Leptosphaeria collinsoniae</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=120227&link_type=cbs">CBS 120227</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">JCM 13073, MAFF 239583</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>JF740200</bold></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>JF740276</bold></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Vitis coignetiae</italic> (<italic>Vitaceae</italic>)</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Japan</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold><italic>Plenodomus confertus</italic> comb. nov.</bold></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Leptosphaeria conferta</italic>, anam. <italic>Phoma conferta</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=375.64&link_type=cbs">CBS 375.64</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">AF439459</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>JF740277</bold></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Anacyclus radiatus</italic> (<italic>Asteraceae</italic>)</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Spain</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold><italic>Plenodomus congestus</italic> comb. nov.</bold></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Leptosphaeria congesta</italic>, anam. <italic>Phoma congesta</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=244.64&link_type=cbs">CBS 244.64</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">AF439460</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>JF740278</bold></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Erigeron canadensis</italic> (<italic>Asteraceae</italic>)</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Spain</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold><italic>Plenodomus enteroleucus</italic> comb. nov.</bold></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Phoma enteroleuca</italic> var. <italic>enteroleuca</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=142.84&link_type=cbs">CBS 142.84</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">PD 81/654, CECT20063</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>JF740214</bold></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>JF740287</bold></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Catalpa bignonioides</italic> (<italic>Bignoniaceae</italic>)</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Netherlands</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Phoma enteroleuca</italic> var. <italic>enteroleuca</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=831.84&link_type=cbs">CBS 831.84</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>JF740215</bold></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>JF740288</bold></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Triticum aestivum</italic> (<italic>Poaceae</italic>)</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Germany</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold><italic>Plenodomus fallaciosus</italic> comb. nov.</bold></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Leptosphaeria fallaciosa</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=414.62&link_type=cbs">CBS 414.62</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">ETH 2961</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>JF740222</bold></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>JF740292</bold></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Satureia montana</italic> (<italic>Lamiaceae</italic>)</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">France</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold><italic>Plenodomus hendersoniae</italic> comb. nov.</bold></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Phoma intricans</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=113702&link_type=cbs">CBS 113702</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">UPSC 1843</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>JF740225</bold></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>JF740295</bold></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Salix cinerea</italic> (<italic>Salicaceae</italic>)</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Sweden</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Phoma intricans</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=139.78&link_type=cbs">CBS 139.78</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>JF740226</bold></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>JF740296</bold></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Pyrus malus</italic> (<italic>Rosaceae</italic>)</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Netherlands</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold><italic>Plenodomus influorescens</italic> comb. nov.</bold></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Phoma enteroleuca</italic> var. <italic>influorescens</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=143.84&link_type=cbs">CBS 143.84</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">PD 78/883, CECT 20064</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>JF400228</bold></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>JF740297</bold></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Fraxinus excelsior</italic> (<italic>Oleaceae</italic>)</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Netherlands</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Phoma enteroleuca</italic> var. <italic>influorescens</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">PD 73/1382</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>JF400229</bold></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>JF740298</bold></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Lilium</italic> sp. (<italic>Liliaceae</italic>)</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Netherlands</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold><italic>Plenodomus libanotidis</italic> comb. nov.</bold></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Leptosphaeria libanotis</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=113795&link_type=cbs">CBS 113795</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">UPSC 2219</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>JF400231</bold></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>JF740300</bold></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Seseli libanotis</italic> (<italic>Apiaceae</italic>)</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Sweden</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold><italic>Plenodomus lindquistii</italic> comb. nov.</bold></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Leptosphaeria lindquistii</italic>, anam. <italic>Phoma macdonaldii</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=386.80&link_type=cbs">CBS 386.80</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">PD 77/336</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>JF400232</bold></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>JF740301</bold></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Helianthus annuus</italic> (<italic>Asteraceae</italic>)</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">former Yugoslavia</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Leptosphaeria lindquistii</italic>, anam. <italic>Phoma macdonaldii</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=381.67&link_type=cbs">CBS 381.67</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>JF400233</bold></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>JF740302</bold></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Helianthus annuus</italic> (<italic>Asteraceae</italic>)</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Canada</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Plenodomus lingam</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Leptosphaeria maculans</italic>, anam. <italic>Phoma lingam</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=275.63&link_type=cbs">CBS 275.63</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">MUCL 9901, UPSC 1025</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>JF400234</bold></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>JF740103</bold></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>JF740306</bold></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Brassica</italic> sp. (<italic>Brassicaceae</italic>)</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">UK</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Leptosphaeria maculans</italic>, anam. <italic>Phoma lingam</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=260.94&link_type=cbs">CBS 260.94</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">PD 78/989</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>JF400235</bold></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>JF740307</bold></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>JF740116</bold></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Brassica oleracea</italic> (<italic>Brassicaceae</italic>)</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Netherlands</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Leptosphaeria maculans</italic>, anam. <italic>Phoma lingam</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=147.24&link_type=cbs">CBS 147.24</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>JF740117</bold></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Unknown</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Unknown</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold><italic>Plenodomus lupini</italic> comb. nov.</bold></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Phoma lupini</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=248.92&link_type=cbs">CBS 248.92</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">PD 79/141</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>JF740236</bold></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>JF740303</bold></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Lupinus mutabilis</italic> (<italic>Fabaceae</italic>)</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Peru</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold><italic>Plenodomus pimpinellae</italic> comb. nov.</bold></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Leptosphaeria pimpinellae</italic>, anam. <italic>Phoma pimpinellae</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=101637&link_type=cbs">CBS 101637</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">PD 92/41</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>JF740240</bold></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>JF740309</bold></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Pimpinella anisum</italic> (<italic>Apiaceae</italic>)</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Israel</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold><italic>Plenodomus tracheiphilus</italic> comb. nov.</bold></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Phoma tracheiphila</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=551.93&link_type=cbs">CBS 551.93</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">PD 81/782</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>JF740249</bold></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>JF740104</bold></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>JF740317</bold></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Citrus limonium</italic> (<italic>Rutaceae</italic>)</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Israel</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Phoma tracheiphila</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=127250&link_type=cbs">CBS 127250</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">PD 09/04597141</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>JF740250</bold></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>JF740318</bold></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Citrus</italic> sp. (<italic>Rutaceae</italic>)</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Italy</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold><italic>Plenodomus visci</italic> comb. nov.</bold></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Plectophomella visci</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=122783&link_type=cbs">CBS 122783</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">PD 74/1021</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>JF740256</bold></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">EU754096</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">EU754195</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Viscum album</italic> (<italic>Viscaceae</italic>)</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">France</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Plenodomus wasabiae</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Phoma wasabiae</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=120119&link_type=cbs">CBS 120119</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">FAU 559</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>JF740257</bold></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>JF740323</bold></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Wasabia japonica</italic> (<italic>Brassicaceae</italic>)</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Taiwan</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Phoma wasabiae</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=120120&link_type=cbs">CBS 120120</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">FAU 561</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>JF740258</bold></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>JF740324</bold></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Wasabia japonica</italic> (<italic>Brassicaceae</italic>)</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Taiwan</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Pleomassaria siparia</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=279.74&link_type=cbs">CBS 279.74</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">AY004341</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Betula verrucosa</italic> (<italic>Betulaceae</italic>)</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Netherlands</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold><italic>Pleospora angustis</italic> nom. nov.</bold></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Leptosphaeria clavata</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=296.51&link_type=cbs">CBS 296.51</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>JF740122</bold></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Unknown</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Switzerland</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Pleospora betae</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Pleospora betae</italic>, anam. <italic>Phoma betae</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=523.66&link_type=cbs">CBS 523.66</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">PD 66/270, IHEM 3915</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">EU754080</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">EU754179</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>JF740118</bold></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Beta vulgaris</italic> (<italic>Chenopodiaceae</italic>)</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Netherlands</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Pleospora betae</italic>, anam. <italic>Phoma betae</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=109410&link_type=cbs">CBS 109410</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">PD 77/113</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">EU754178</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>JF740119</bold></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Beta vulgaris</italic> (<italic>Chenopodiaceae</italic>)</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Netherlands</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Pleospora calvescens</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Pleospora calvescens</italic>, anam. <italic>Ascochyta caulina</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=246.79&link_type=cbs">CBS 246.79</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">PD 77/655</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">EU754032</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">EU754131</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>JF740120</bold></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Atriplex hastata</italic> (<italic>Chenopodiaceae</italic>)</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Germany</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Pleospora calvescens</italic>, anam. <italic>Ascochyta caulina</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=343.78&link_type=cbs">CBS 343.78</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>JF740121</bold></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Atriplex hastata</italic> (<italic>Chenopodiaceae</italic>)</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Netherlands</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Pleospora chenopodii</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Ascochyta hyalospora</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=206.80&link_type=cbs">CBS 206.80</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">PD 74/1022</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>JF740095</bold></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>JF740266</bold></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>JF740109</bold></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Chenopodium quinoa</italic> (<italic>Chenopodiaceae</italic>)</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Bolivia</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Pleospora calvescens</italic>, anam. <italic>Ascochyta caulina</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=344.78&link_type=cbs">CBS 344.78</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">PD 68/682</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>JF740110</bold></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Atriplex hastata</italic> (<italic>Chenopodiaceae</italic>)</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Netherlands</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold><italic>Pleospora fallens</italic> comb. nov.</bold></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Phoma fallens</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=161.78&link_type=cbs">CBS 161.78</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">LEV 1131</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>JF740106</bold></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Olea europaea</italic> (<italic>Oleaeceae</italic>)</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">New Zealand</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Phoma glaucispora</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=284.70&link_type=cbs">CBS 284.70</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">PD 97/2400</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>JF740107</bold></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Nerium oleander</italic> (<italic>Apocynaceae</italic>)</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Italy</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold><italic>Pleospora flavigena</italic> comb. nov.</bold></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Phoma flavigena</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=314.80&link_type=cbs">CBS 314.80</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">PD 91/1613</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>JF740108</bold></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Water</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Romania</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold><italic>Pleospora halimiones</italic> nom. nov.</bold></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Ascochyta obiones</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=432.77&link_type=cbs">CBS 432.77</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">IMI 282137</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>JF740096</bold></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>JF740267</bold></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>JF740113</bold></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Halimione portulacoides</italic> (<italic>Chenopodiaceae</italic>)</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Netherlands</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Ascochyta obiones</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=786.68&link_type=cbs">CBS 786.68</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>JF740114</bold></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Halimione portulacoides</italic> (<italic>Chenopodiaceae</italic>)</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Netherlands</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Pleospora herbarum</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=191.86&link_type=cbs">CBS 191.86</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">IMI 276975</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">GU238232</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">GU238160</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>JF740123</bold></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Medicago sativa</italic> (<italic>Fabaceae</italic>)</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">India</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold><italic>Pleospora incompta</italic> comb. nov.</bold></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Phoma incompta</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=467.76&link_type=cbs">CBS 467.76</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>JF740111</bold></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Olea europaea</italic> (<italic>Oleaeceae</italic>)</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Greece</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Phoma incompta</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=526.82&link_type=cbs">CBS 526.82</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>JF740112</bold></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Olea europaea</italic> (<italic>Oleaeceae</italic>)</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Italy</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Pleospora typhicola</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Pleospora typhicola</italic>, anam. <italic>Phoma typharum</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=132.69&link_type=cbs">CBS 132.69</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>JF740105</bold></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>JF740325</bold></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>JF740124</bold></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Typha angustifolia</italic> (<italic>Typhaceae</italic>)</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Netherlands</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Pleospora typhicola</italic>, anam. <italic>Phoma typharum</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=602.72&link_type=cbs">CBS 602.72</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>JF740125</bold></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Typha</italic> sp. (<italic>Typhaceae</italic>)</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Netherlands</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Pleurophoma pleurospora</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Pleurophoma</italic> sp.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=116668&link_type=cbs">CBS 116668</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>JF740326</bold></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Citysus scoparius</italic> (<italic>Fabaceae</italic>)</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Netherlands</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Pleurophoma</italic> sp.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=130329&link_type=cbs">CBS 130329</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">PD 82/371</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>JF740327</bold></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Lonicera</italic> sp. (<italic>Caprifoliaceae</italic>)</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Netherlands</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Preussia funiculata</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=659.74&link_type=cbs">CBS 659.74</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">GU296187</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">GU301864</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Soil</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Senegal</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Pseudorobillarda phragmitis</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=398.61&link_type=cbs">CBS 398.61</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">IMI 070678</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">EU754203</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Phragmitis australis</italic> (<italic>Poaceae</italic>)</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">UK</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Pyrenochaeta cava</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=257.68&link_type=cbs">CBS 257.68</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">IMI 331911</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>JF740260</bold></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">EU754100</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">EU754199</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Wheat field soil</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Germany</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Pyrenochaeta lycopersici</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=267.59&link_type=cbs">CBS 267.59</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>JF740261</bold></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">GQ387551</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">GQ387612</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Lycopersicon esculentum</italic> (<italic>Solanaceae</italic>)</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Netherlands</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Pyrenochaeta nobilis</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=407.76&link_type=cbs">CBS 407.76</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">EU930011</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">EU754107/DQ898287</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">EU754206</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Laurus nobilis</italic> (<italic>Lauraceae</italic>)</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Italy</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Pyrenochaetopsis leptospora</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=101635&link_type=cbs">CBS 101635</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">PD 71/1027</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>JF740262</bold></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">GQ387566</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">GQ387627</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Secale cereale</italic> (<italic>Poaceae</italic>)</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Europe</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold><italic>Pyrenochaetopsis pratorum</italic> comb. nov.</bold></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Phoma pratorum</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=445.81&link_type=cbs">CBS 445.81</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">PDDCC 7049, PD 80/1254</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>JF740263</bold></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">GU238136</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Lolium perenne, leaf</italic> (<italic>Poaceae</italic>)</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">New Zealand</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=286.93&link_type=cbs">CBS 286.93</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">PD 80/1252</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>JF740264</bold></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>JF740331</bold></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Dactylis glomerata</italic> (<italic>Poaceae</italic>)</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">New Zealand</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Pyrenophora tritici-repentis</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">OSC 100066</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">AY544716</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">AY544672</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">(<italic>Poaceae</italic>)</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Italy</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Roussoella hysterioides</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=125434&link_type=cbs">CBS 125434</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">HH 26988</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">AB524622</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Sasa kurilensis</italic> (<italic>Poaceae</italic>)</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Japan</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Setomelanomma holmii</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=110217&link_type=cbs">CBS 110217</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">GQ387572</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">GQ387633</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Picea pungens</italic> (<italic>Pinaceae</italic>)</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">USA</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Setophoma terrestris</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=335.29&link_type=cbs">CBS 335.29</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">GQ387526</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">GQ387587</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Allium sativum</italic> (<italic>Alliaceae</italic>)</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">USA</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Splanchnonema platani</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=221.37&link_type=cbs">CBS 221.37</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">DQ678013</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">DQ678065</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Platanus occidentalis</italic> (<italic>Platanaceae</italic>)</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">USA</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Sporormiella minima</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=524.50&link_type=cbs">CBS 524.50</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">DQ678003</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">DQ678056</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Dung of goat</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Panama</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Stagonosporopsis cucurbitacearum</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=133.96&link_type=cbs">CBS 133.96</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">GU238234</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">GU238181</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Cucurbita</italic> sp. (<italic>Cucurbitaceae</italic>)</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">New Zealand</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold><italic>Subplenodomus apiicola</italic> comb. nov.</bold></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Phoma apiicola</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=285.72&link_type=cbs">CBS 285.72</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>JF740196</bold></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">GU238040</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Apium graveolens</italic> var. <italic>rapaceum</italic> (<italic>Umbelliferae</italic>)</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Germany</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Phoma apiicola</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=504.91&link_type=cbs">CBS 504.91</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">PD 78/1073</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>JF740197</bold></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>JF740273</bold></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Apium graveolens</italic> (<italic>Umbelliferae</italic>)</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Netherlands</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold><italic>Subplenodomus drobnjacensis</italic> comb. nov.</bold></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Phoma drobnjacensis</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=269.92&link_type=cbs">CBS 269.92</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">PD 88/896</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>JF740211</bold></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>JF740100</bold></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>JF740285</bold></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Eustoma exaltatum</italic> (<italic>Gentianaceae</italic>)</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Netherlands</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Phoma drobnjacensis</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=270.92&link_type=cbs">CBS 270.92</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">PD 83/650</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>JF740212</bold></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>JF740286</bold></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Gentiana makinoi</italic> ‘Royal Blue’ (<italic>Gentianaceae</italic>)</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Netherlands</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold><italic>Subplenodomus valerianae</italic> comb. nov.</bold></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Phoma valerianae</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=630.68&link_type=cbs">CBS 630.68</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">PD 68/141</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>JF740251</bold></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">GU238150</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Valeriana phu</italic> (<italic>Valerianaceae</italic>)</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Netherlands</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Phoma valerianae</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=499.91&link_type=cbs">CBS 499.91</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">PD 73/672</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>JF740252</bold></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>JF740319</bold></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Valeriana officinalis</italic> (<italic>Valerianaceae</italic>)</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Netherlands</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold><italic>Subplenodomus violicola</italic> comb. nov.</bold></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Phoma violicola</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=306.68&link_type=cbs">CBS 306.68</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">FJ427054</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">GU238231</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">GU238156</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Viola tricolor</italic> (<italic>Violaceae</italic>)</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Netherlands</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Phoma violicola</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=100272&link_type=cbs">CBS 100272</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">FJ427055</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>JF740322</bold></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Viola tricolor</italic> (<italic>Violaceae</italic>)</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">New Zealand</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Thyridaria rubronotata</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=419.85&link_type=cbs">CBS 419.85</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">GU301875</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Acer pseudoplatanus</italic> (<italic>Aceraceae</italic>)</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Netherlands</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Trematosphaeria pertusa</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=122368&link_type=cbs">CBS 122368</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">FJ201990</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Fraxinus excelsior</italic> (<italic>Oleaceae</italic>)</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">France</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold><italic>Westerdykella capitulum</italic> comb. nov.</bold></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Phoma capitulum</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=337.65&link_type=cbs">CBS 337.65</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">PD 91/1614, ATCC 16195, HACC 167, IMI 113693</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">GU238054</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Saline soil</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">India</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold><italic>Westerdykella minutispora</italic> comb. nov.</bold></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Phoma minutispora</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=509.91&link_type=cbs">CBS 509.91</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">PD 77/920</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">GU238108</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Saline soil</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">India</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Westerdykella ornata</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=379.55&link_type=cbs">CBS 379.55</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">GU301880</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Mangrove mud</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Mozambique</td></tr></tbody></table></table-wrap><p id="P26">The families that belong to <italic>Pleosporineae</italic>, represented by the species grouping in clades A-G, clustered in a strongly supported clade (99 % posterior probability). Clade A, representing those species classified in <italic>Pleosporaceae</italic>, was strongly supported (100 %) and included two subclades. <italic>Pleospora betae</italic> (anam. <italic>Ph. betae</italic>), clustered with <italic>Pleospora calvescens</italic> (anam. <italic>Ascochyta caulina</italic>)<italic>, A. obiones</italic> and <italic>A. hyalospora</italic>; all recorded as pathogens on <italic>Chenopodiaceae</italic>. The generic type species <italic>Pleospora herbarum</italic>, a plurivorous species, grouped with <italic>Cochliobolus sativus, Pyrenophora tritici-repentis</italic> and <italic>Pleospora typhicola</italic> (anam. <italic>Ph. typhina</italic>), all recorded from <italic>Poaceae</italic>. Clade B includes <italic>Leptosphaeria maculans</italic> (anam. <italic>Ph. lingam</italic>) and clustered with <italic>Leptosphaeria biglobosa.</italic> In clade B also other important plant pathogens of <italic>Phoma</italic> section <italic>Plenodomus</italic> can be found, such as <italic>Ph. tracheiphila, Ph. vasinfecta, Ph. drobnjacensis,</italic> and <italic>Plectophomella visci. Phoma heteromorphospora</italic>, type species of <italic>Phoma</italic> section <italic>Heterospora</italic> (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R19">Boerema <italic>et al.</italic> 1997</xref>) and <italic>Ph. dimorphospora</italic> also grouped in this <italic>Leptosphaeria</italic> clade, in congruence with previous findings (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R49">de Gruyter <italic>et al.</italic> 2009</xref>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R4">Aveskamp <italic>et al.</italic> 2010</xref>).</p><p id="P27"><italic>Leptosphaeria doliolum</italic> (anam. <italic>Ph. acuta</italic>), type species of the genus <italic>Leptosphaeria</italic>, is found in Clade D, clustering with <italic>L. conoidea</italic> and <italic>L. slovacica. Leptosphaeria doliolum</italic> and its relatives comprise a sister clade C with species classified in <italic>Cucurbitariaceae</italic>, including <italic>Cucurbitaria berberidis</italic>, the three <italic>Pyrenochaeta</italic> species, <italic>Py. cava, Py. lycopersici</italic> and <italic>Py. nobilis</italic>, and <italic>Pyrenochaetopsis leptospora.</italic></p><p id="P28"><italic>Phaeosphaeria nodorum</italic> and its relatives <italic>Neosetophoma samarorum, Setophoma terrestris, Chaetosphaeronema hispidulum, Paraphoma radicina</italic> and <italic>Setomelanomma holmii</italic>, represent <italic>Phaeosphaeriaceae</italic> in clade E as has previously been found (de Gruyter <italic>et al.</italic><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R49">2009</xref>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R55">2010</xref>).</p><p id="P29">A distinct clade F includes <italic>Ph. glycinicola, Ph. carteri, Ph. septicidalis</italic>, and the taxonomic confusing species <italic>Pyrenochaeta dolichi</italic> (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R47">Grondona <italic>et al.</italic> 1997</xref>). The position of <italic>Coniothyrium palmarum</italic> and <italic>Neophaeosphaeria filamentosa</italic> could not be clarified, but both species are also treated below in a phylogeny including close relatives based on ITS and LSU regions (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F2">Fig. 2</xref>). <italic>Didymella exigua</italic>, type species of the genus <italic>Didymella</italic>, and <italic>Ph. herbarum</italic> represent <italic>Didymellaceae,</italic> and clustered in a well-supported clade (G) in congruence with previous studies (de Gruyter <italic>et al.</italic><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R49">2009</xref>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R55">2010</xref>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R4">Aveskamp <italic>et al.</italic> 2010</xref>). The molecular phylogeny of species which group in this analysis outside of Pleosporineae in <italic>Montagnulaceae, Massarinaceae</italic> and <italic>Sporormiaceae</italic> were further analysed utilising LSU sequence data of a broader range of taxa (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F5">Fig. 5</xref>).</p><fig id="F2" position="float"><label>Fig. 2.</label><caption><p>The phylogeny of <italic>Phoma</italic> section <italic>Plenodomus</italic> and <italic>Leptosphaeria,</italic> based on the strict consensus tree from a Bayesian analysis of 87 LSU/ITS sequences. The Bayesian posterior probabilities are given at the nodes. The tree was rooted to <italic>Phoma herbarum</italic> (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=615.75&link_type=cbs">CBS 615.75</ext-link>).</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="1fig2"></graphic></fig></sec><sec id="S9"><title><italic>Phoma</italic> section <italic>Plenodomus</italic> and close allies</title><p id="P30">The aligned sequence matrix obtained for the LSU and ITS regions had a total length of 1 921 nucleotide characters, 1 332 and 589 respectively. The combined dataset used in the analyses included 87 taxa and contained 1921 characters with 298 and 118 unique site patterns for LSU and ITS respectively. The tree (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F2">Fig. 2</xref>) was rooted to <italic>Ph. herbarum</italic> (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=615.75&link_type=cbs">CBS 615.75</ext-link>), the representative isolate of the type species of <italic>Phoma</italic> (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R20">Boerema <italic>et al.</italic> 2004</xref>). The Bayesian analysis resulted in 100 002 trees after 5 000 000 generations, from which the burn-in was discarded and the consensus tree and posterior probabilities were calculated based on 90 930 trees (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F2">Fig. 2</xref>).</p><p id="P31">The species currently classified in <italic>Leptosphaeria</italic> and <italic>Phoma</italic> section <italic>Plenodomus</italic> grouped in clades A and B representing <italic>Leptosphaeriaceae</italic>, including the type species <italic>Ph. lingam</italic> and <italic>Leptosphaeria doliolum</italic>, respectively. Isolates of the taxa that represent <italic>Cucurbitariaceae, Cucurbitaria berberidis</italic> and its related species <italic>Pyrenochaeta cava, Py. nobilis, Py. lycopersici</italic> and <italic>Pyrenochaetopsis leptospora,</italic> clustered in a distinct clade D only distantly related to <italic>Leptosphaeriaceae</italic>. This finding agrees with a recent study (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R55">de Gruyter <italic>et al.</italic> 2010</xref>). <italic>Phoma pratorum</italic> clustered with <italic>Pyrenochaetopsis leptospora.</italic></p><p id="P32"><italic>Leptosphaeria biglobosa</italic> grouped in a subclade A1 with <italic>Ph. wasabiae</italic>, the cause of black rot disease on <italic>Wasabia japonica</italic> (<italic>Brassicaceae</italic>) and <italic>Ph. pimpinellae</italic>, a necrotroph on <italic>Pimpinella anisum</italic> (<italic>Apiaceae</italic>). <italic>Leptosphaeria maculans</italic>, considered as closely related to the <italic>L. biglobosa</italic> complex, proved to be more distantly related in clade A1. In this subclade, other important pathogens can be found, such as <italic>Ph. tracheiphila</italic>, a quarantine organism on <italic>Citrus</italic> spp. (<italic>Rutaceae), Ph. vasinfecta,</italic> a pathogen on <italic>Chrysanthemum</italic> spp. (<italic>Asteraceae</italic>), <italic>L. lindquistii</italic> (anam. <italic>Ph. macdonaldii</italic>), a worldwide pathogen on <italic>Helianthus annuus</italic> (<italic>Asteraceae</italic>) and <italic>Ph. lupini</italic>, a seed borne pathogen known from <italic>Lupinus</italic> spp. (<italic>Fabaceae</italic>). Subclade A1 also comprises both varieties of <italic>Ph. enteroleuca</italic>, opportunistic pathogens on deciduous trees and shrubs, and the necrotrophic species <italic>L. agnita</italic> (anam. <italic>Ph. agnita</italic>), <italic>Ph. congesta</italic> (both recorded on <italic>Asteraceae</italic>), <italic>Ph. conferta</italic> (mainly on <italic>Brassicaceae</italic>), <italic>L. hendersoniae</italic> (on <italic>Salicaceae</italic>), <italic>L. fallaciosa, L. collinsoniae</italic> (mainly on <italic>Lamiaceae)</italic> and <italic>L. libanotis</italic> (on <italic>Apiaceae</italic>). <italic>Plectophomella visci,</italic> recorded from leaves of <italic>Viscum album</italic> (<italic>Viscaceae</italic>), also clustered in the <italic>Leptosphaeriaceae</italic>. The genus <italic>Plenodomus</italic> is re-introduced here to accommodate the species in subclade A1, which are allied to <italic>Ph. lingam</italic>.</p><p id="P33">Subclade A2 comprises pathogenic species often causing leaf spots such as <italic>Ph. apiicola</italic> on <italic>Apium graveolens</italic> (<italic>Apiaceae</italic>), <italic>Ph. drobnjacensis</italic> (on <italic>Gentianaceae), Ph. violicola</italic> (on <italic>Violaceae</italic>) as well as the necrotrophic species <italic>Ph. valerianae</italic>, on <italic>Valeriana</italic> spp. (<italic>Valerianaceae</italic>). <italic>Phoma apiicola</italic> and <italic>Ph. valerianae</italic> were classified in <italic>Phoma</italic> section <italic>Phoma</italic>, and <italic>Ph. violicola</italic> was classified in <italic>Phoma</italic> sect. <italic>Peyronellaea</italic>; however, the relationship of these species in <italic>Leptosphaeriaceae</italic> is clearly demonstrated (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F2">Fig. 2</xref>), and therefore the species are transferred to the new genus <italic>Subplenodomus</italic>. These results are in congruence with a recent study where <italic>Ph. violicola, Ph. apiicola</italic> and <italic>Ph. valerianae</italic> clustered in a clade representing both <italic>Leptosphaeriaceae</italic> and <italic>Pleosporaceae</italic> (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R4">Aveskamp <italic>et al.</italic> 2010</xref>).</p><p id="P34">Four <italic>Leptosphaeria</italic> species, <italic>L. macrospora</italic> (soil) and the necrotrophic species <italic>L. nitschkei</italic> (on <italic>Asteraceae</italic>), <italic>L. praetermissa</italic>, on <italic>Rubus idaeus</italic> (<italic>Rosaceae</italic>) and <italic>L. dryadis</italic>, on <italic>Dryas</italic> spp. (<italic>Rosaceae</italic>) grouped in a subclade A3 and are transferred here to a new genus <italic>Paraleptosphaeria. Phoma korfii</italic> also clustered in this subclade. The European species <italic>Ph. heteromorphospora</italic>, type species of <italic>Phoma</italic> section <italic>Heterospora</italic>, and the American counterpart <italic>Ph. dimorphospora</italic>, both pathogens on <italic>Chenopodiaceae</italic>, grouped in a distinct subclade A4. <italic>Phoma</italic> sect. <italic>Heterospora</italic> is raised to generic rank to accommodate both species in <italic>Leptosphaeriaceae.</italic></p><p id="P35">Clade B comprises necrotrophic species related to the type species <italic>L. doliolum</italic> (anam. <italic>Ph. acuta</italic>). The phylogeny of this species complex, and the closely related species <italic>Ph. veronicicola, Ph. macrocapsa</italic> and <italic>Ph. sydowii</italic>, is treated below. The necrotrophic species <italic>Ph. sclerotioides, L. conoidea</italic> (anam. <italic>Ph. doliolum</italic>), <italic>L. slovacica</italic> (anam. <italic>Ph. leonuri</italic>) and <italic>Ph. pedicularis</italic> also proved to be related. The species <italic>Ph. rubefaciens</italic> and <italic>Ph. etheridgei</italic> also belong to clade B, but these species, both recorded on trees, are more distantly related.</p><p id="P36">The <italic>Phoma</italic> species in clades A and B are in majority currently described as anamorphs of the genus <italic>Leptosphaeria</italic>, or belong to <italic>Phoma</italic> section <italic>Plenodomus</italic>. These <italic>Phoma</italic> anamorphs are only distantly related to the type species <italic>Ph. herbarum</italic> and its relatives in <italic>Didymellaceae</italic>, and therefore these species described in section <italic>Plenodomus</italic> are excluded from the genus <italic>Phoma</italic>. Clade C is more distantly related to <italic>Leptosphaeriaceae</italic> and comprises species that are related to <italic>Coniothyrium palmarum</italic> in <italic>Coniothyriaceae.</italic> Two subclades are recognised in clade C: <italic>Ph. glycinicola, Py. dolichi</italic> and <italic>Ph. carteri</italic> group with the generic type species <italic>C. palmarum,</italic> whereas two isolates of <italic>Ph. septicidalis</italic> group with <italic>Ph. multipora</italic>. The teleomorph <italic>Neophaeosphaeria filamentosa</italic> clustered basal to this clade. Clade D includes the genera <italic>Cucurbitaria, Pyrenochaetopsis</italic> and <italic>Pyrenochaeta</italic>, which represent <italic>Cucurbitariaceae</italic>. This finding is in congruence with previous studies (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R55">de Gruyter <italic>et al.</italic> 2010</xref>).</p></sec><sec id="S10"><title>Phylogeny of the <italic>Leptosphaeria doliolum</italic> complex</title><p id="P37">The aligned sequence matrix obtained for the ITS, ACT, TUB and CHS-1 regions had a total length of 1 345 nucleotide characters; ITS 522, ACT 240, TUB 332 and CHS-1 251, respectively. The combined dataset used in the analyses included 18 taxa and contained 1 345 characters with 98 unique site patterns. The tree (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F3">Fig. 3</xref>) was rooted to “<italic>Ph. pedicularis</italic>” (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=390.80&link_type=cbs">CBS 390.80</ext-link>). The Bayesian analysis resulted in 6 002 trees after 30 000 generations, from which the burn-in was discarded and the consensus tree and posterior probabilities were calculated based on 3 341 trees.</p><fig id="F3" position="float"><label>Fig. 3.</label><caption><p>The phylogeny of the <italic>Leptosphaeria doliolum</italic> complex, based on the strict consensus tree from a Bayesian analysis of 18 ITS/ACT/TUB/CHS-1 sequences. The Bayesian posterior probabilities are given at the nodes. The tree was rooted to <italic>Leptosphaeria pedicularis</italic> comb. nov. (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=390.80&link_type=cbs">CBS 390.80</ext-link>).</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="1fig3"></graphic></fig><p id="P38">The phylogenetic tree revealed two clades with high posterior probabilities, 98 and 99 % respectively, clade A with <italic>Ph. acuta</italic> subsp. <italic>errabunda</italic> and <italic>Ph. macrocapsa</italic>, and clade B with <italic>Ph. acuta</italic> subsp. <italic>acuta</italic> (anamorph of <italic>Leptosphaeria doliolum</italic>) and <italic>Ph. acuta</italic> subsp. <italic>acuta</italic> f. sp. <italic>phlogis. Phoma sydowii</italic>, a necrotroph on <italic>Asteraceae, Senecio</italic> spp. in particular, proved to be closely related to <italic>Ph. acuta</italic> subsp. <italic>errabunda</italic>. The isolate <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=297.51&link_type=cbs">CBS 297.51</ext-link> preserved as <italic>Ph. acuta</italic> is similar to <italic>Ph. sydowii</italic>, a synonym of <italic>L. sydowii</italic>, see below. <italic>Phoma veronicicola</italic>, as a necrotroph specifically occurring on <italic>Veronica</italic> spp. (<italic>Scrophulariaceae</italic>), also proved to be related to <italic>Leptosphaeria doliolum</italic>.</p></sec><sec id="S11"><title>Phylogeny of <italic>Phoma</italic> section <italic>Pilosa</italic></title><p id="P39">The aligned sequence matrix obtained for the ACT region had a total length of 252 nucleotide characters (20 taxa), and contained 165 unique sites. The tree was rooted to <italic>Ph. lingam</italic> (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=147.24&link_type=cbs">CBS 147.24</ext-link> and <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=260.94&link_type=cbs">CBS 260.94</ext-link>). The Bayesian analysis resulted in 34 802 trees after 174 000 generations, from which the burn-in was discarded, and the consensus tree and posterior probabilities were calculated based on 11 728 trees (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F4">Fig. 4</xref>).</p><fig id="F4" position="float"><label>Fig. 4.</label><caption><p>The phylogeny of phoma-like anamorphs in the <italic>Pleosporaceae</italic> based on the strict consensus tree from a Bayesian analysis of 20 ACT sequences. The Bayesian posterior probabilities are given at the nodes. The tree was rooted to <italic>Plenodomus lingam</italic> (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=147.24&link_type=cbs">CBS 147.24</ext-link>, <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=260.94&link_type=cbs">CBS 260.94</ext-link>).</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="1fig4"></graphic></fig><p id="P40">The phylogenetic tree representing the <italic>Pleosporaceae</italic> includes <italic>Ph. betae</italic>, type species of <italic>Phoma</italic> section <italic>Pilosa</italic>. This section is characterised by producing pycnidia that are covered by mycelial hairs. <italic>Phoma betae</italic> clearly groups with other pycnidial fungi pathogenic on <italic>Chenopodiaceae</italic>, including <italic>Ascochyta obiones, A. hyalospora</italic> and <italic>A. caulina</italic> and <italic>Chaetodiplodia</italic> sp. All species produce similar hairy pycnidia, but are classified in <italic>Ascochyta</italic> or <italic>Coniothyrium</italic> due to conidial septation, or brown pigmentation of conidia, respectively.</p><p id="P41">A subclade comprises the cosmopolitan <italic>Pleospora herbarum</italic> and related species. The species involved are associated with various hosts or substrates. The most closely related <italic>Ph. incompta</italic> is a specific pathogen on <italic>Olea europea</italic> (<italic>Oleaceae</italic>). <italic>Phoma incompta</italic> was classified in <italic>Phoma</italic> section <italic>Sclerophomella</italic> because of its thick-walled pycnidia (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R52">de Gruyter & Noordeloos 1992</xref>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R16">Boerema & de Gruyter 1998</xref>). The pycnidial characters of <italic>Ph. incompta</italic>, pycnidia covered with mycelial hairs and with an indistinct ostiole visible as a pallid spot (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R52">de Gruyter & Noordeloos 1992</xref>) however, agrees with those of <italic>Ph. betae</italic> and <italic>Ph. typhina</italic>.</p><p id="P42"><italic>Phoma fallens</italic> proved to be closely related to <italic>Ph. glaucispora</italic> in keeping with the similar <italic>in vitro</italic> characters, especially the low growth-rate and the size and shape of its conidia (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R20">Boerema <italic>et al</italic>. 2004</xref>). Both species originate from southern Europe, and have been associated with spots on fruits and leaves of <italic>Olea europea,</italic> or leaf spots on <italic>Nerium oleander,</italic> respectively. An isolate preserved as <italic>Leptosphaeria clavata</italic>, <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=259.51&link_type=cbs">CBS 259.51</ext-link>, proved to be closely related. The origin of the isolate, deposited by E. Müller, is unknown; however, it is likely that the isolate was obtained from <italic>Poaceae, Triticum vulgare</italic> or <italic>Dactylis glomerata</italic> (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R79">Müller 1950</xref>). <italic>Phoma flavigena</italic>, once isolated from water and also recorded from southern Europe, proved to be more distantly related in <italic>Pleosporaceae.</italic></p></sec><sec id="S12"><title>Phylogeny of phoma-like anamorphs excluded from the suborder <italic>Pleosporineae</italic></title><p id="P43">The aligned sequence matrix obtained for the LSU regions had a total length of 808 nucleotide characters, with 208 unique site patterns. The phylogenetic tree (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F5">Fig. 5</xref>) was rooted to <italic>Pseudorobillarda phragmitis</italic> (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=398.61&link_type=cbs">CBS 398.61</ext-link>). The Bayesian analysis resulted in 48 402 trees after 242 000 generations, from which the burn-in was discarded and the consensus tree and posterior probabilities were calculated based on 24 876 trees.</p><fig id="F5" position="float"><label>Fig. 5.</label><caption><p>LSU The phylogeny of phoma-like isolates excluded from the <italic>Pleosporineae</italic>, based on the strict consensus tree from a Bayesian analysis of 40 LSU sequences. The Bayesian posterior probabilities are given at the nodes. The tree was rooted to <italic>Pseudorobillarda phragmitis</italic> (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=398.61&link_type=cbs">CBS 398.61</ext-link>).</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="1fig5"></graphic></fig><p id="P44">Clade A includes the reference isolates of the teleomorph <italic>Paraphaeosphaeria</italic> and the anamorph <italic>Paraconiothyrium</italic> classified in <italic>Montagnulaceae</italic>. This teleomorph/anamorph relation agrees with previous molecular phylogenetic studies (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R98">Verkley <italic>et al.</italic> 2004</xref>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R41">Damm <italic>et al.</italic> 2008</xref>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R49">de Gruyter <italic>et al.</italic> 2009</xref>). Other phoma-like species in this clade are <italic>Ph. lini, Plenodomus fusco-maculans, Pleurophoma pleurospora</italic> (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=101461&link_type=cbs">CBS 101461</ext-link>) and <italic>Asteromella tilliae. Phoma lini</italic>, a saprobe frequently recorded on dead stems of <italic>Linum</italic> spp., was described in <italic>Phoma</italic> section <italic>Phoma</italic> (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R53">de Gruyter <italic>et al</italic>. 1993</xref>). Re-examination of the conidia revealed that they are hyaline and thin-walled; however, also darker, greenish to yellowish coniothyrium-like conidia were observed. The conidiogenous cells are phoma-like, doliiform to ampulliform.</p><p id="P45">The isolate <italic>Asteromella tiliae</italic> (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=265.94&link_type=cbs">CBS 265.94</ext-link>) clearly represents a species of <italic>Paraconiothyrium</italic>, and therefore, the teleomorph name <italic>Didymosphaeria petrakiana, Didymosphaeriaceae</italic>, is probably incorrect. It was already mentioned by Butin & Kehr (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R26">1995</xref>) that “considering the taxonomical placement of the teleomorph, the authors were informed about forthcoming taxonomic changes”.</p><p id="P46">The morphological characters of the isolate <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=101461&link_type=cbs">CBS 101461</ext-link>, considered as representing the generic type species <italic>Pleurophoma pleurospora</italic>, resembles <italic>Paraconiothyrium</italic> as was previously discussed (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R49">de Gruyter <italic>et al.</italic> 2009</xref>). The sterile ex-type strain of <italic>Plenodomus fusco</italic>-<italic>maculans</italic>, <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=116.16&link_type=cbs">CBS 116.16</ext-link>, recorded from <italic>Malus</italic> sp., also grouped with the <italic>Paraconiothyrium</italic> isolates.</p><p id="P47"><italic>Coniothyrium fuckelii</italic> clustered in the <italic>Paraphaeosphaeria</italic>/<italic>Paraconiothyrium</italic> clade, in agreement with previous studies (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R41">Damm <italic>et al</italic>. 2008</xref>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R4">Aveskamp <italic>et al.</italic> 2010</xref>), and therefore, the species is transferred to the genus <italic>Paraconiothyrium</italic>. Two phoma-like species obtained from <italic>Citysus scoparius</italic> and <italic>Lonicera</italic> sp. respectively (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=116668&link_type=cbs">CBS 116668</ext-link> and <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=130329&link_type=cbs">CBS 130329</ext-link>), cluster near <italic>Montagnulaceae</italic> and <italic>Massarinaceae</italic>. The morphological characters of the species are typical for <italic>Pleurophoma pleurospora</italic>. The taxonomic position of both isolates at familial rank could not be determined. The morphology of <italic>Phoma flavescens</italic> proved to be most similar to that of <italic>Paraconiothyrium</italic>, it definitely does not belong to <italic>Phoma</italic>, and therefore the species is transferred to <italic>Paraconiothyrium</italic>. Sequence data of additional species clustering nearby are required to resolve the current classification of <italic>Ph. flavescens</italic>. None of the phoma-like anamorphs included in this study grouped in clade B, which represents <italic>Massarinaceae</italic>.</p><p id="P48">Clade C includes the recently assigned ex-epitype strain of <italic>Trematosphaeria pertusa</italic>, isolate <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=122368&link_type=cbs">CBS 122368</ext-link> (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R112">Zhang <italic>et al.</italic> 2008</xref>) and <italic>Falcisformispora lignatilis</italic>. Both <italic>T. perusa</italic> and <italic>F. lignatilis</italic> represent <italic>Trematosphaeriaceae</italic> (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R94">Suetrong <italic>et al.</italic> 2009</xref>). A second isolate preserved as <italic>Trematosphaeria pertusa,</italic><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=400.97&link_type=cbs">CBS 400.97</ext-link>, proved to be only distantly related, and clustered in clade D with <italic>Aposphaeria populina</italic> and <italic>Melanomma pulvis-pyrius</italic> in <italic>Melanommataceae</italic>. This isolate is considered as an incorrect identification (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R78">Mugambi & Huhndorf 2009</xref>), and we consider this sterile isolate as representative of <italic>Melanomma pulvis-pyrius</italic>. Clade C also comprises the human pathogen <italic>Pyrenochaeta romeroi.</italic> This species certainly does not belong to <italic>Pyrenochaeta</italic> (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R55">de Gruyter <italic>et al.</italic> 2010</xref>) and therefore, we describe the new genus <italic>Medicopsis</italic> in <italic>Trematosphaeriaceae</italic> to accommodate this species.</p><p id="P49">A well-supported clade D represents the <italic>Melanommataceae</italic> and includes <italic>Melanomma pulvis-pyrius, Herpotrichia juniperi</italic> and <italic>Beverwijkella pulmonaria</italic>, in congruence with Zhang <italic>et al.</italic> (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R113">2009</xref>). There were four phoma-like isolates present in the collections of CBS and PD, <italic>i.e.</italic><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=350.82&link_type=cbs">CBS 350.82</ext-link>, PD 83/367, PD 83/831 and PD 84/221, which could not be identified according to their morphological characters. The isolates were preserved as <italic>Pleurophoma</italic> spp. This study demonstrates that two strains represent <italic>Aposphaeria populina</italic>, whereas the other two strains represent the new species described here as <italic>Aposphaeria corallinolutea</italic>. Further studies in <italic>Melanommataceae</italic> are needed to clarify the phylogeny of <italic>Aposphaeria</italic> in <italic>Melanommataceae</italic>.</p><p id="P50"><italic>Sporormiaceae</italic> (clade E) is represented by <italic>Sporormiella minima</italic> and <italic>Preussia funiculata. Phoma capitulum</italic> and <italic>Ph. minutispora</italic>, well-defined soil-borne fungi from Asia, group in this clade. Both species are related with the anamorph <italic>Westerdykella ornata</italic>, and therefore the species are transferred to <italic>Westerdykella</italic> in <italic>Sporormiaceae</italic>.</p><p id="P51"><italic>Pyrenochaeta mackinnonii</italic> could not be assigned to familial rank. A blast search in GenBank with its LSU sequence suggested a relation with <italic>Versicolorisporum triseptum</italic>. However, the typical 3-septate conidia of this anamorph are different. Neither could <italic>V. triseptum</italic> be assigned at familial rank in <italic>Pleosporales</italic> (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R97">Tanaka <italic>et al.</italic> 2009</xref>). We therefore introduce the new genus <italic>Nigrograna</italic> to accommodate <italic>Py. mackinnonii</italic>.</p></sec></sec><sec id="S13"><title>TAXONOMY</title><p id="P52"><bold><italic>Leptosphaeriaceae</italic></bold> M.E. Barr, Mycotaxon 29: 503. 1987.</p><p id="P53"><bold><italic>Heterospora</italic></bold> (Boerema, Gruyter & Noordel.) Gruyter, Verkley & Crous, <bold>stat. nov.</bold> MycoBank <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=MB564701&link_type=mb">MB564701</ext-link>.</p><p id="P54"><italic>Basionym</italic>: <italic>Phoma</italic> sect. <italic>Heterospora</italic> Boerema, Gruyter & Noordel., Persoonia 16: 336. 1997.</p><p id="P55"><italic>Type species</italic>: <italic>Heterospora chenopodii</italic> (Westend.) Gruyter, Aveskamp & Verkley, see below (= <italic>Phoma heteromorphospora</italic> Aa & Kesteren).</p><p id="P56"><bold><italic>Heterospora chenopodii</italic> (</bold>Westend.) Gruyter, Aveskamp & Verkley, <bold>comb. nov.</bold> MycoBank <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=MB564702&link_type=mb">MB564702</ext-link>.</p><p id="P57"><italic>Basionym</italic>: <italic>Phyllosticta chenopodii</italic> Westend., Bull. Acad. Roy. Sci. Belgique Ser. 2, 2: 567. 1857; not <italic>Phyllosticta chenopodii</italic> Sacc., Syll. Fung. 3: 55. 1884 = <italic>Phoma exigua</italic> Desm. var. <italic>exigua</italic>; not <italic>Plenodomus chenopodii</italic> (P. Karst. & Har.) Arx, Verh. Kon. Ned. Akad. Wetensch., Afd. Natuurk., Sect. 2. 51: 72. 1957 ≡ <italic>Phoma chenopodiicola</italic> Gruyter, Noordel. & Boerema, Persoonia 15: 395. 1993; not <italic>Phoma chenopodii</italic> Pavgi & U.P. Singh, Mycopathol. Mycol. Appl. 30: 265. 1966. nom. illeg. = <italic>Phoma chenopodii</italic> S. Ahmad, Sydowia 2: 79. 1948.</p><list list-type="simple"><list-item><p>≡ <italic>Septoria westendorpii</italic> G. Winter, Hedwigia 26: 26. 1887. nom. nov.; not <italic>Phoma westendorpii</italic> Tosquinet, Westend., Bull. Acad. Roy. Sci. Belgique Ser. 2, 2: 564. 1857.</p></list-item><list-item><p>≡ <italic>Phoma variospora</italic> Aa & Kesteren, Persoonia 10: 268. 1979, nom. nov., nom. illeg. [not <italic>Phoma variospora</italic> Shreem., Indian J. Mycol. Pl. Pathol. 8: 221. 1979 (“1978”)].</p></list-item><list-item><p>≡ <italic>Phoma heteromorphospora</italic> Aa & Kesteren, Persoonia 10: 542. 1980, nom. nov.</p></list-item></list><p id="P58"><italic>Specimens examined</italic>: <bold>Belgium,</bold> Beverloo, from leaves of <italic>Chenopodium suecicum</italic> (<italic>album</italic>) and <italic>Chenopodium urbicum</italic> (<italic>Chenopodiaceae</italic>), no date, G.D. Westendorp, Herb. Crypt. (Ed. Beyaert-Feys), No. 959. BR, <bold>holotype</bold> of <italic>Phyllosticta chenopodii</italic> Westend. ex herb. G.D. Westendorp. <bold>Netherlands</bold>, Baarn, from leaf spots in <italic>Chenopodium album</italic>, 3 Jul. 1968, H.A. van der Aa, <bold>epitype designated here</bold><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=-16386&link_type=cbs">CBS H-16386</ext-link>, culture ex-epitype <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=448.68&link_type=cbs">CBS 448.68</ext-link>; Heelsum, from leaf spots in <italic>Chenopodium album</italic>, Sep. 1994, J. de Gruyter, <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=115.96&link_type=cbs">CBS 115.96</ext-link> = PD 94/1576.</p><p id="P59"><italic>Notes</italic>: Van der Aa & van Kesteren (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R1">1979</xref>) provided a nom. nov. since the epithet “<italic>chenopodii</italic>” was occupied in <italic>Phoma</italic>. For more details of the taxonomy of the species see van der Aa & van Kesteren (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R1">1979</xref>). Although <italic>Leptosphaeria chenopodii-albi</italic> was described from leaves of <italic>Chenopodium album</italic> (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R34">Crane & Shearer 1991</xref>) no cultures are available for comparison.</p><p id="P60"><bold><italic>Heterospora dimorphospora</italic></bold> (Speg.) Gruyter, Aveskamp & Verkley, <bold>comb. nov.</bold> MycoBank <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=MB564703&link_type=mb">MB564703</ext-link>.</p><p id="P61"><italic>Basionym</italic>: <italic>Phyllosticta dimorphospora</italic> Speg., Anales Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires 13: 334. 1910.</p><list list-type="simple"><list-item><list list-type="simple"><list-item><p>≡ <italic>Phoma dimorphospora</italic> (Speg.) Aa & Kesteren, Persoonia 10: 269. 1979.</p></list-item></list></list-item><list-item><p>= <italic>Stagonospora chenopodii</italic> Peck, Rep. (Annual) New York State Mus. Nat. Hist. 40: 60. 1887 (sometimes erroneously listed as <italic>Stag. chenopodii</italic> “House”).</p></list-item></list><p id="P62"><italic>Specimens examined</italic>: <bold>Argentina</bold>, La Plata, from leaves of <italic>Chenopodium hircinum</italic> (<italic>Chenopodiaceae</italic>), 13 Oct. 1906, C. Spegazzini, Colect. micol. Museo Inst. Spegazzini, No. 11.353, LPS, <bold>holotype</bold> of <italic>Phyllosticta dimorphospora</italic> Speg. <bold>Lima</bold>, from stem of <italic>Chenopodium quinoa</italic>, 1977, L.J. Turkensteen, <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=165.78&link_type=cbs">CBS 165.78</ext-link> = PD 77/884. <bold>Peru</bold>, from lesions in stems of <italic>Chenopodium quinoa</italic>, 1976, V. Otazu, <bold>epitype designated here</bold><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=-16203&link_type=cbs">CBS H-16203</ext-link>, culture ex-epitype <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=345.78&link_type=cbs">CBS 345.78</ext-link> = PD 76/1015.</p><p id="P63"><italic>Note</italic>: For more details of the taxonomy of the species see van der Aa & van Kesteren (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R1">1979</xref>).</p><p id="P64"><bold><italic>Leptosphaeria</italic></bold> Ces. & De Not., Comment. Soc. Crittog. Ital. 1: 234. 1863.</p><list list-type="simple"><list-item><p>= <italic>Leptophoma</italic> Höhn., Sitzungsber. Kaiserl. Akad. Wiss., Math.-Naturwiss. Cl., Abt. 1. 124: 73. 1915.</p></list-item></list><p id="P65"><italic>Type species</italic>: <italic>Leptosphaeria doliolum</italic> (Pers.: Fr.) Ces. & De Not., see below.</p><p id="P66"><italic>Note</italic>: For full synonymy, including the species listed below, see Crane & Shearer (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R34">1991</xref>) and Boerema <italic>et al.</italic> (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R20">2004</xref>).</p><p id="P67"><bold><italic>Leptosphaeria conoidea</italic></bold> (De Not.) Sacc., Fungi Venet. Nov. Vel. Crit. Ser. 2: 314. 1875.</p><p id="P68"><italic>Basionym</italic>: <italic>Leptosphaeria doliolum</italic> var. <italic>conoidea</italic> De Not., Mycoth. Veneti, No. 76. 1873.</p><list list-type="simple"><list-item><p>= <italic>Leptosphaeria doliolum</italic> subsp. <italic>pinguicula</italic> Sacc., Michelia 2: 598. 1882.</p></list-item><list-item><p>= <italic>Phoma acuta</italic> subsp. <italic>amplior</italic> Sacc. & Roum., Rev. Mycol. 6: 30. 1884.</p><list list-type="simple"><list-item><p>≡ <italic>Phoma hoehnelii</italic> subsp. <italic>amplior</italic> (Sacc. & Roum.) Boerema & Kesteren, Trans. Brit. Mycol. Soc. 67: 299. 1976.</p></list-item></list></list-item><list-item><p>= <italic>Phoma doliolum</italic> P. Karst., Meddel. Soc. Fauna Fl. Fenn. 16: 9. 1888.</p></list-item><list-item><p>= <italic>Plenodomus microsporus</italic> Berl., Bull. Soc. Mycol. France 5: 55. 1889.</p></list-item></list><p id="P69"><italic>Specimens examined</italic>: <bold>Netherlands</bold>, Zaltbommel, from dead stem of <italic>Lunaria annua</italic> (<italic>Brassicaceae</italic>), Jan. 1974, G.H. Boerema, <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=616.75&link_type=cbs">CBS 616.75</ext-link> = ATCC 32813 = IMI 199777 = PD 74/56; Montfoort, <italic>Senecio</italic> sp. (<italic>Asteraceae</italic>), 1982, <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=125977&link_type=cbs">CBS 125977</ext-link> =PD 82/888.</p><p id="P70"><bold><italic>Leptosphaeria doliolum</italic></bold> (Pers.: Fr.) Ces. & de Not., Comment. Soc. Crittog. Ital. 1: 234. 1863.</p><p id="P71"><italic>Basionym</italic>: <italic>Sphaeria doliolum</italic> Pers.: Fr., Icon. Desc. Fung. Min. Cognit. (Leipzig) 2: 39. 1800.</p><list list-type="simple"><list-item><p>= <italic>Sphaeria acuta</italic> Hoffm.: Fr, Veg. cryptog. 1: 22. 1787. Syst. Mycol. 2: 507. 1823.</p><list list-type="simple"><list-item><p>≡ <italic>Phoma acuta</italic> (Hoffm.: Fr.) Fuckel, Jahrb. Nassauischen Vereins Naturk. 23-24: 125. 1870 (as “<italic>acutum</italic>”).</p></list-item><list-item><p>≡ <italic>Leptophoma acuta</italic> (Hoffm.: Fr.) Höhn., Sitzungsber. Kaiserl. Akad. Wiss., Math.-Naturwiss. Cl., Abt. 1. 124: 73. 1915.</p></list-item><list-item><p>≡ <italic>Plenodomus acutus</italic> (Hoffm.: Fr.) Bubák, Ann. Mycol. 13: 29. 1915 [as “(Fuckel)”].</p></list-item></list></list-item><list-item><p>= <italic>Phoma phlogis</italic> Roum., Rev. Mycol. 6: 160. 1884.</p></list-item><list-item><p>= <italic>Phoma hoehnelii</italic> var. <italic>urticae</italic> Boerema & Kesteren, Trans. Brit. Mycol. Soc. 67: 299. 1976.</p></list-item></list><p id="P72"><italic>Specimens examined</italic>: <bold>Netherlands</bold>, from stem of <italic>Rudbeckia</italic> sp. (<italic>Asteraceae</italic>), Sep. 1966, M.M.J. Dorenbosch, <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=541.66&link_type=cbs">CBS 541.66</ext-link> = PD 66/221; from stem of <italic>Urtica dioica</italic> (<italic>Urticaceae</italic>), 1974, G.H. Boerema, <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=504.75&link_type=cbs">CBS 504.75</ext-link> = PD 74/55; Rhenen, from <italic>Urtica dioica</italic>, Feb. 1975, G.H. Boerema, <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=505.75&link_type=cbs">CBS 505.75</ext-link> = PD 75/141; Wageningen, from stem of <italic>Phlox paniculata</italic> (<italic>Polemoniaceae</italic>), 1977, G.H. Boerema, <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=155.94&link_type=cbs">CBS 155.94</ext-link> = PD 77/80; from stem of <italic>Phlox paniculata</italic>, 1978, G.H. Boerema, <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=125979&link_type=cbs">CBS 125979</ext-link> =PD 78/37; from stem of <italic>Urtica dioica</italic>, 1982, G.H. Boerema, <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=130000&link_type=cbs">CBS 130000</ext-link> =PD 82/701.</p><p id="P73"><italic>Notes</italic>: Isolate <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=541.66&link_type=cbs">CBS 541.66</ext-link> was preserved as <italic>Phoma acuta</italic> subsp. <italic>errabunda</italic> (teleom. <italic>Leptosphaeria errabunda</italic>, see below); however, the isolate clustered with <italic>L. doliolum</italic>. Both isolates <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=155.94&link_type=cbs">CBS 155.94</ext-link> and <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=125979&link_type=cbs">CBS 125979</ext-link> were considered as <italic>forma specialis</italic> “<italic>phlogis”</italic> (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R18">Boerema <italic>et al.</italic> 1994</xref>) of the anamorph <italic>Ph. acuta</italic> subsp. <italic>acuta.</italic> The subspecies <italic>acuta</italic> was created by the differentiation of <italic>Phoma acuta</italic> subsp <italic>amplior</italic> Sacc. & Roum., but the latter is a synonym of <italic>Ph. doliolum</italic>, reclassified here as <italic>L. conoidea,</italic> see above. <italic>Sphaeria acuta</italic> Hoffm. was applied as basionym for different anamorphs an a teleomorph of various species of <italic>Leptosphaeria</italic> leading to a confusing nomenclature. The epitet has been unambiguously tied to <italic>Ph. acuta</italic> by Boerema & Gams (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R15">1995</xref>).</p><p id="P74"><bold><italic>Leptosphaeria errabunda</italic></bold> (Desm.) Gruyter, Aveskamp & Verkley, <bold>comb. nov.</bold> MycoBank <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=MB564704&link_type=mb">MB564704</ext-link>.</p><p id="P75"><italic>Basionym</italic>: <italic>Phoma errabunda</italic> Desm., Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot. Ser. 3, 11: 282. 1849.</p><list list-type="simple"><list-item><list list-type="simple"><list-item><p>≡ <italic>Phoma acuta</italic> subsp. <italic>errabunda</italic> (Desm.) Boerema, Gruyter & Kesteren, Persoonia 15: 465. 1994.</p></list-item></list></list-item><list-item><p>= <italic>Leptophoma doliolum</italic> Höhn., Sitzungsber. Kaiserl. Akad. Wiss., Math.-Naturwiss. Cl., Abt. 1. 124: 75. 1915 [not <italic>Phoma doliolum</italic> P. Karst. = <italic>Leptosphaeria conoidea</italic> (De Not.) Sacc., see above].</p><list list-type="simple"><list-item><p>≡ <italic>Plenodomus doliolum</italic> (Höhn.) Höhn., Ber. Deutsch. Bot. Ges. 36: 139. 1918.</p></list-item><list-item><p>≡ <italic>Phoma hoehnelii</italic> Kesteren, Netherlands J. Pl. Pathol. 78: 116. 1972, nom. nov.</p></list-item></list></list-item><list-item><p>= <italic>Leptosphaeria doliolum</italic> subsp. <italic>errabunda</italic> Boerema, Gruyter & Kesteren, Persoonia 15: 466. 1994.</p></list-item></list><p id="P76"><italic>Specimens examined</italic>: <bold>Netherlands</bold>, Leeuwarden, from stem of <italic>Delphinium</italic> sp. (<italic>Ranunculaceae</italic>), 1974, <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=125978&link_type=cbs">CBS 125978</ext-link> =PD 74/61; Ferwerderadeel, from <italic>Solidago</italic> sp., hybrid (<italic>Asteraceae</italic>), Mar. 1974, G.H. Boerema, <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=617.75&link_type=cbs">CBS 617.75</ext-link> = ATCC 32814 = IMI 199775 = PD 74/201; from stem of <italic>Aconitum</italic> sp. (<italic>Ranunculaceae</italic>), <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=129999&link_type=cbs">CBS 129999</ext-link> =PD 78/569; from stem of <italic>Achillea millefolium</italic> (<italic>Asteraceae</italic>), <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=129997&link_type=cbs">CBS 129997</ext-link> =PD 78/631; from <italic>Gailardia</italic> sp. (<italic>Asteraceae</italic>), 1984, G.H. Boerema, <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=129998&link_type=cbs">CBS 129998</ext-link> =PD 84/462.</p><p id="P77"><italic>Notes</italic>: The isolate <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=617.75&link_type=cbs">CBS 617.75</ext-link> = ATTC 32814 was deposited as the anamorph <italic>Ph. hoehnelii</italic> var. <italic>hoehnelii</italic>, but interpreted as <italic>L. doliolum</italic> subsp. <italic>conoidea</italic> (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R42">Dong <italic>et al</italic>. 1998</xref>). The isolate clustered with <italic>L. errabunda</italic> in this study.</p><p id="P78"><bold><italic>Leptosphaeria etheridgei</italic></bold> (L.J. Hutchison & Y. Hirats.) Gruyter, Aveskamp & Verkley, <bold>comb. nov.</bold> MycoBank <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=MB564712&link_type=mb">MB564712</ext-link>.</p><p id="P79"><italic>Basionym</italic>: <italic>Phoma etheridgei</italic> L.J. Hutchison & Y. Hirats., Canad. J. Bot. 72: 1425. 1994.</p><p id="P80"><italic>Specimen examined</italic>: <bold>Canada</bold>, Alberta, from bark of gall, on trunck of <italic>Populus tremuloides</italic> (<italic>Salicaceae</italic>), Jul. 1989, P. Crane, <bold>holotype</bold> DAOM 216539, culture exholotype DAOM 216539 = <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=125980&link_type=cbs">CBS 125980</ext-link> =PD 95/1483.</p><p id="P81"><bold><italic>Leptosphaeria macrocapsa</italic></bold> (Trail) Gruyter, Aveskamp & Verkley, <bold>comb. nov.</bold> MycoBank <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=MB564713&link_type=mb">MB564713</ext-link>.</p><p id="P82"><italic>Basionym</italic>: <italic>Phoma macrocapsa</italic> Trail, Scott. Naturalist (Perth) 8: 327. 1886.</p><list list-type="simple"><list-item><p>≡ <italic>Plenodomus macrocapsa</italic> (Trail) H. Ruppr., Sydowia 13: 20. 1959.</p></list-item></list><p id="P83"><italic>Specimen examined</italic>: <bold>Netherlands</bold>, from stem of <italic>Mercurialis perennis</italic> (<italic>Euphorbiaceae</italic>), 1978, G.H. Boerema, <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=640.93&link_type=cbs">CBS 640.93</ext-link> = PD 78/139.</p><p id="P84"><bold><italic>Leptosphaeria pedicularis</italic></bold> (Fuckel) Gruyter, Aveskamp & Verkley, <bold>comb. nov.</bold> MycoBank <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=MB564714&link_type=mb">MB564714</ext-link>.</p><p id="P85"><italic>Basionym</italic>: <italic>Phoma pedicularis</italic> Fuckel, Reisen Nordpolarmeer 3: 318. 1874 (as “<italic>pedicularidis</italic>”); not <italic>Phoma pedicularis</italic> Wehm., Mycologia 38: 319. 1946 (= <italic>Phoma herbicola</italic> Wehm).</p><list list-type="simple"><list-item><p>= <italic>Sphaeronaema gentianae</italic> Moesz, Bot Közlem. 14: 152. 1915 (as “<italic>Sphaeronema</italic>”).</p><list list-type="simple"><list-item><p>≡ <italic>Plenodomus gentianae</italic> (Moesz) Petr., Ann. Mycol. 23: 54. 1925.</p></list-item></list></list-item></list><p id="P86"><italic>Specimens examined:</italic><bold>Switzerland</bold>, Kanton Graubünden, Albulapass, from dead stem of <italic>Pedicularis</italic> sp. (<italic>Scrophulariaceae</italic>), 1977, <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=390.80&link_type=cbs">CBS 390.80</ext-link> = PD 77/711 = ATCC 42535 = IMI 248430; Zürich, from <italic>Gentiana punctata</italic> (<italic>Gentianaceae</italic>), 1977, <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=126582&link_type=cbs">CBS 126582</ext-link> =PD 77/710.</p><p id="P87"><bold><italic>Leptosphaeria rubefaciens</italic></bold> (Togliani) Gruyter, Aveskamp & Verkley, <bold>comb. nov.</bold> MycoBank <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=MB564715&link_type=mb">MB564715</ext-link>.</p><p id="P88"><italic>Basionym</italic>: <italic>Phoma rubefaciens</italic> Togliani, Ann. Sper. Agr. II, 7: 1626. 1953.</p><p id="P89"><italic>Specimens examined</italic>: <bold>Switzerland</bold>, Zürich, Albis, from twig of <italic>Quercus</italic> sp. (<italic>Fagaceae</italic>), Aug. 1976, W. Gams, <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=223.77&link_type=cbs">CBS 223.77</ext-link>. <bold>Netherlands</bold>, Oploo, from wood of <italic>Tilia</italic> (×) <italic>europaea</italic> (<italic>Tiliaceae</italic>), 1978, G.H. Boerema, <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=387.80&link_type=cbs">CBS 387.80</ext-link> = ATCC 42533 = IMI 248432 = PD 78/809.</p><p id="P90"><bold><italic>Leptosphaeria sclerotioides</italic></bold> (Sacc.) Gruyter, Aveskamp & Verkley, <bold>comb. nov.</bold> MycoBank <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=MB564716&link_type=mb">MB564716</ext-link>.</p><p id="P91"><italic>Basionym</italic>: <italic>Phoma sclerotioides</italic> Sacc., Fungi Herb. Bruxelles 21. 1892; Syll. Fung. 11: 492. 1895.</p><list list-type="simple"><list-item><p>= <italic>Plenodomus sclerotioides</italic> Preuss, Klotzsch. Herb. Vivum Mycol. Sistems Fungorum German., No. 1281. 1849, nom. nud. (no description).</p></list-item><list-item><p>= <italic>Plenodomus meliloti</italic> Mark.-Let., Bolezni Rast. 16: 195. 1927.</p></list-item></list><p id="P92"><italic>Specimens examined</italic>: <bold>Canada</bold>, British Columbia, from <italic>Medicago sativa</italic> (<italic>Fabaceae</italic>), 1980, J. Drew Smith, <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=148.84&link_type=cbs">CBS 148.84</ext-link> = PD 80/1242; Alberta, from root of <italic>Medicago sativa</italic>, Mar. 1984, G.H. Boerema, <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=144.84&link_type=cbs">CBS 144.84</ext-link> = CECT 20025 = PD 82/1061.</p><p id="P93"><italic>Note</italic>: Seven varieties of this species have been recognised (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R109">Wunsch <italic>et al.</italic> 2011</xref>) in a phylogenetic analysis using 10 loci.</p><p id="P94"><bold><italic>Leptosphaeria slovacica</italic></bold> Picb., Sborn. Vysoké Skoly. Zemed. v Brno 7: 7. 1927.</p><list list-type="simple"><list-item><p>= <italic>Phoma leonuri</italic> Letendre, Revue Mycol. 6: 229. 1884.</p><list list-type="simple"><list-item><p>≡ <italic>Plenodomus leonuri</italic> (Letendre) Moesz & Smarods in Moesz, Magyar Bot. Lapok 31: 38. 1932.</p></list-item></list></list-item></list><p id="P95"><italic>Specimens examined</italic>: <bold>Netherlands</bold>, from dead stem of <italic>Ballota nigra</italic> (<italic>Lamiaceae</italic>), 1977, <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=125975&link_type=cbs">CBS 125975</ext-link> =PD 77/1161; Arnhem, from dead stem of <italic>Ballota nigra</italic>, 1979, G.H. Boerema, <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=389.80&link_type=cbs">CBS 389.80</ext-link> = PD 79/171.</p><p id="P96"><bold><italic>Leptosphaeria sydowii</italic></bold> (Boerema, Kesteren & Loer.) Gruyter, Aveskamp & Verkley, <bold>comb. nov.</bold> MycoBank <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=MB564717&link_type=mb">MB564717</ext-link>.</p><p id="P97"><italic>Basionym</italic>: <italic>Phoma sydowii</italic> Boerema, Kesteren & Loer., Trans. Brit. Mycol. Soc. 77: 71. 1981, nom. nov.</p><list list-type="simple"><list-item><p>= <italic>Sphaeronaema senecionis</italic> Syd. & P. Syd., Ann. Mycol. 3: 185. 1905; not <italic>Phoma senecionis</italic> P. Syd., Beibl. Hedwigia 38: 136. 1899.</p><list list-type="simple"><list-item><p>≡ <italic>Plenodomus senecionis</italic> (Syd. & P. Syd.) Bubák, Ann. Mycol. 13: 29. 1915.</p></list-item><list-item><p>≡ <italic>Plenodomus senecionis</italic> (Syd. & P. Syd.) Petr., Ann. Mycol. 19: 192. 1921, isonym.</p></list-item></list></list-item><list-item><p>= <italic>Plenodomus rostratus</italic> Petr., Ann. Mycol. 21: 199. 1923; not <italic>Phoma rostrata</italic> O’Gara, Mycologia 7: 41. 1915 (not <italic>Leptosphaeria rostrata</italic> M.L. Far & H.T. Horner, Nova Hedwidgia 15: 250. 1968).</p></list-item></list><p id="P98"><italic>Specimens examined</italic>: <bold>Switzerland</bold>, Kt. Zürich, Zollikon, from <italic>Papaver rhoeas</italic> (<italic>Papaveraceae</italic>), Oct. 1949, E. Müller, <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=297.51&link_type=cbs">CBS 297.51</ext-link>. <bold>Netherlands</bold>, from <italic>Senecio jacobaea</italic> (<italic>Asteraceae</italic>), <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R11">G.H. Boerema, 1984</xref>, <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=125976&link_type=cbs">CBS 125976</ext-link> =PD 84/472. <bold>UK</bold>, Scotland, Isle of Lewis, Hebrides, from dead stem of <italic>Senecio jacobaea</italic>, 1974, R.W.G. Dennis, <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=385.80&link_type=cbs">CBS 385.80</ext-link> = PD 74/477.</p><p id="P99"><italic>Notes</italic>: <italic>Leptosphaeria senecionis</italic> (Fuckel) G. Winter was suggested as the possible teleomorph (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R20">Boerema <italic>et al.</italic> 2004</xref>). Because the teleomorph connection has not been proven, however, we did not include it as a synonym that would have priority as the correct name. The isolate <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=297.51&link_type=cbs">CBS 297.51</ext-link> was originally identified as <italic>L. doliolum</italic> var. <italic>doliolum</italic>.</p><p id="P100"><bold><italic>Leptosphaeria veronicae</italic></bold> (Hollós) Gruyter, Aveskamp & Verkley, <bold>comb. nov.</bold> MycoBank <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=MB564718&link_type=mb">MB564718</ext-link>.</p><p id="P101"><italic>Basionym</italic>: <italic>Sphaeronaema veronicae</italic> Hollós, Ann. Hist.-Nat. Mus. Natl. Hung. 4: 341. 1906.</p><list list-type="simple"><list-item><p>≡ <italic>Phoma veronicicola</italic> Boerema & Loer., Trans. Brit. Mycol. Soc. 84: 297. 1985, nom. nov. (not <italic>Phoma veronicae</italic> Roum., Revue Mycol. 6: 160. 1884).</p></list-item></list><p id="P102"><italic>Specimens examined</italic>: <bold>Netherlands</bold>, from stem of <italic>Veronica</italic> “Shirley Blue” (<italic>Scrophulariaceae</italic>), 1974, <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=126583&link_type=cbs">CBS 126583</ext-link> =PD 74/227; Huis ter Heide, from dead stem of <italic>Veronica chamaedryoides</italic>, Mar. 1978, H.A. van Kesteren, <bold>neotype</bold><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=-7632&link_type=cbs">CBS H-7632</ext-link>, culture ex-neotype <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=145.84&link_type=cbs">CBS 145.84</ext-link> = CECT 20059 = PD 78/273.</p><p id="P103"><bold><italic>Paraleptosphaeria</italic></bold> Gruyter, Verkley & Crous, <bold>gen. nov.</bold> MycoBank <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=MB564720&link_type=mb">MB564720</ext-link>.</p><p id="P104"><italic>Pseudothecia</italic> immersed, subglobose, solitary or aggregated, thick-walled, pseudoparenchymatous to scleroplectenchymatous, ostiolate, unilocular. <italic>Asci</italic> bitunicate, broadly ellipsoidal, 8-spored, interascal filaments pseudoparaphyses, <italic>Ascospores</italic> biseriate, broadly fusiform, transversally 3-5-septate, hyaline to yellow-brownish. <italic>Conidiomata</italic> pycnidial, globose to subglobose, scleroplectenchymatous, with papillate pore, unilocular. <italic>Conidiogenous cells</italic> phialidic, ampulliform to doliiform. <italic>Conidia</italic> hyaline, aseptate, oblong to ellipsoidal. Sclerotia sometimes produced.</p><p id="P105"><italic>Type species</italic>: <italic>Paraleptosphaeria nitschkei</italic> (Rehm ex G. Winter) Gruyter, Aveskamp & Verkley (see below).</p><p id="P106"><italic>Notes</italic>: Munk (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R81">1957</xref>) recognised <italic>Leptosphaeria</italic> section <italic>Para-Leptosphaeria</italic>, an invalid taxon, as a heterogenous group. The section was differentiated from <italic>Eu-Leptosphaeria</italic>, which included the generic type species <italic>L. doliolum. Leptosphaeria nitschkei</italic> was considered a typical representative of section <italic>Eu-Leptosphaeria</italic> (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R80">Müller & von Arx 1950</xref>). However, this molecular phylogeny demonstrates that <italic>L. nitschkei</italic> is only distantly related to <italic>L. doliolum.</italic> We introduce <italic>Paraleptosphaeria</italic> to accomodate <italic>L. nitschkei</italic> and its relatives. These necrotrophic species are morphologically closely allied to <italic>Leptosphaeria</italic>. The former classification of <italic>Leptosphaeria</italic> in sections <italic>Eu-Leptosphaeria</italic> and <italic>Para-Leptosphaeria</italic> cannot be upheld from a evolutionary point of view, as two other species attributed to section <italic>Eu-Leptosphaeria,</italic> namely <italic>L. agnita</italic> and <italic>L. maculans</italic> (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R81">Munk 1957</xref>), were found to group in <italic>Plenodomus</italic>.</p><p id="P107"><bold><italic>Paraleptosphaeria dryadis</italic> (</bold>Johanson) Gruyter, Aveskamp & Verkley, <bold>comb. nov.</bold> MycoBank <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=MB564721&link_type=mb">MB564721</ext-link>.</p><p id="P108"><italic>Basionym</italic>: <italic>Melanomma dryadis</italic> Johanson, Hedwigia 29: 160. 1890.</p><list list-type="simple"><list-item><list list-type="simple"><list-item><p>≡ <italic>Leptosphaeria dryadophila</italic> Huhndorf, Bull. Illinois Nat. Hist. Surv. 34: 484 (1992), nom. illeg. via nom. superfl.</p></list-item></list></list-item><list-item><p>= <italic>Leptosphaeria dryadis</italic> Rostr., Bot. Tidsskr. 25: 305. 1903.</p></list-item></list><p id="P109"><italic>Specimen examined</italic>: <bold>Switzerland</bold>, Kt. Ticino, Leventina, Alpe Campolungo, from <italic>Dryas octopetala</italic> (<italic>Rosaceae</italic>), 24 July 1980, A. Leuchtmann, <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=643.86&link_type=cbs">CBS 643.86</ext-link>.</p><p id="P110"><italic>Note</italic>: An explanation of the nomenclature of <italic>Leptosphaeria dryadis</italic> has been provided by Chen <italic>et al</italic>. (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R31">2002</xref>).</p><p id="P111"><bold><italic>Paraleptosphaeria macrospora</italic> (</bold>Thüm.) Gruyter, Aveskamp & Verkley, <bold>comb. nov.</bold> MycoBank <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=MB564722&link_type=mb">MB564722</ext-link>.</p><p id="P112"><italic>Basionym</italic>: <italic>Leptosphaeria macrospora</italic> Thüm. Mycotheca Univ. 1359. 1879, nom. nov.</p><list list-type="simple"><list-item><p>≡ <italic>Metasphaeria macrospora</italic> (Fuckel) Sacc., Syll. Fung. 2: 158. 1883.</p></list-item></list><p id="P113"><italic>Replaced synonym</italic>: <italic>Pleospora macrospora</italic> Fuckel, Jahrb. Nassauischen Vereins Naturk. 23-24: 138. 1870, nom. illeg., Art. 53.1. [not <italic>Pleospora macrospora</italic> (De Not.) Ces. & De Not., Comment. Soc. Crittog. Ital. 1: 218. 1863].</p><p id="P114"><italic>Specimen examined</italic>: <bold>Norway</bold>, Troms, Tromsöya, from <italic>Rumex domesticus</italic> (<italic>Polygonaceae</italic>), 20 Aug. 1988, K. & L. Holm, <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=114198&link_type=cbs">CBS 114198</ext-link> =UPSC 2686.</p><p id="P115"><bold><italic>Paraleptosphaeria nitschkei</italic></bold> (Rehm ex G. Winter) Gruyter, Aveskamp & Verkley, <bold>comb. nov.</bold> MycoBank <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=MB564723&link_type=mb">MB564723</ext-link>.</p><p id="P116"><italic>Basionym</italic>: <italic>Leptosphaeria nitschkei</italic> Rehm ex G. Winter, Ascomyceten, Fascicle 1, No. 15. 1870, nom. nud. (Flora, Jena und Regensburg 55: 510. 1872).</p><p id="P117"><italic>Specimens examined</italic>: <bold>Austria</bold>, Ötscher in Niederösterreich, c. 4500’, from <italic>Cacalia</italic> sp. (= <italic>Adenostyles</italic> sp, <italic>Asteraceae</italic>), June 1869, Lojka, <bold>holotype</bold> of <italic>Leptosphaeria nitschkei</italic> Rehm Ascomyceten 15b, S. <bold>Switzerland</bold>, Kt. Graubünden, Lü, from <italic>Cirsium spinosissimum</italic> (<italic>Asteraceae</italic>), 16 July 1948, E. Müller, <bold>epitype designated here</bold><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=-20822&link_type=cbs">CBS H-20822</ext-link>, culture ex-epitype <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=306.51&link_type=cbs">CBS 306.51</ext-link>.</p><p id="P118"><italic>Note</italic>: The name <italic>Leptosphaeria nitschkei</italic> was considered a nom. nud. by Crane and Shearer (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R34">1991</xref>) who cited Art. 32.1 but gave no further explanation. In Flora, Jena und Regensburg 55: 510. 1872 Rehm refers to additional notes by G. Winter that include a Latin description. Therefore, we consider this name as valid, following Müller (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R79">1950</xref>) who provided a detailed description <italic>in vivo</italic>.</p><p id="P119"><bold><italic>Paraleptosphaeria orobanches</italic></bold> (Schweinitz: Fr.) Gruyter, Aveskamp & Verkley, <bold>comb. nov.</bold> MycoBank <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=MB564724&link_type=mb">MB564724</ext-link>.</p><p id="P120"><italic>Basionym</italic>: <italic>Sclerotium orobanches</italic> Schweinitz, Schriften Naturf. Ges. Leipzig 1: 57. 1822: Fr., Syst. Mycol. 2: 257. 1822.</p><list list-type="simple"><list-item><p>= <italic>Phoma korfii</italic> Boerema & Gruyter, Persoonia 17: 275. 1999.</p></list-item></list><p id="P121"><italic>Specimen examined</italic>: <bold>USA</bold>, Ringwood Swamp, Lloyd-Cornell, from stem of <italic>Epifagus virginiana</italic> (<italic>Orobanchaceae</italic>), 13 Sep. 1995, T. Uturriaga, R.P. Korf, P. Mullin<bold>, holotype</bold> of <italic>Sclerotium orobanches</italic> Schweinitz, CUP 63537, culture ex-holotype <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=101638&link_type=cbs">CBS 101638</ext-link> =PD 97/12070.</p><p id="P122"><italic>Note</italic>: A <italic>Phoma</italic> synanamorph of <italic>Sclerotium orobanches</italic> was reported by Yáňez-Morales <italic>et al.</italic> (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R110">1998</xref>) and described as <italic>Phoma korfii</italic> (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R17">Boerema & Gruyter 1999</xref>).</p><p id="P123"><bold><italic>Paraleptosphaeria praetermissa</italic></bold> (P. Karst.) Gruyter, Aveskamp & Verkley, <bold>comb. nov.</bold> MycoBank <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=MB564725&link_type=mb">MB564725</ext-link>.</p><p id="P124"><italic>Basionym</italic>: <italic>Sphaeria praetermissa</italic> P. Karst., Bidrag Kannedom Finlands Natur Folk 23: 89. 1873.</p><list list-type="simple"><list-item><p>≡ <italic>Leptosphaeria praetermissa</italic> (P. Karst.) Sacc., Syll. Fung. 2: 26. 1883.</p></list-item></list><p id="P125"><italic>Specimen examined</italic>: <bold>Sweden</bold>, Dalarna, Folkärna, from <italic>Rubus idaeus</italic> (<italic>Rosaceae</italic>), 21 Mar. 1993, K. & L. Holm, <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=114591&link_type=cbs">CBS 114591</ext-link>.</p><p id="P126"><bold><italic>Plenodomus</italic></bold> Preuss, Linnaea 24: 145. 1851.</p><list list-type="simple"><list-item><list list-type="simple"><list-item><p>≡ <italic>Phoma</italic> sect. <italic>Plenodomus</italic> (Preuss) Boerema, Kesteren & Loer., Trans. Brit. Mycol. Soc. 77: 61. 1981.</p></list-item></list></list-item><list-item><p>= <italic>Diploplenodomus</italic> Diedicke, Ann. Mycol. 10: 140. 1912.</p></list-item><list-item><p>= <italic>Plectophomella</italic> Moesz, Magyar Bot. Lapok 21: 13. 1922.</p></list-item><list-item><p>= <italic>Apocytospora</italic> Höhn., Mitt. Bot. Lab. TH Wien 1: 43. 1924.</p></list-item><list-item><p>= <italic>Deuterophoma</italic> Petri, Boll. R. Staz. Patalog. Veget. Roma 9: 396. 1929.</p></list-item></list><p id="P127"><italic>Type species</italic>: <italic>Plenodomus rabenhorstii</italic> Preuss, Linnaea 24: 145. 1851 (dubious synonym, see below) = <italic>Plenodomus lingam</italic> (Tode: Fr.) Höhn., see below.</p><p id="P128"><italic>Note</italic>: For full synonymy of the anamorph names of the species listed below, see Boerema <italic>et al.</italic> (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R18">1994</xref>). For additional synonyms of the teleomorph names of the species below that have been recorded on Asteraceous hosts, see Khashnobish <italic>et al.</italic> (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R69">1995</xref>).</p><p id="P129"><bold><italic>Plenodomus agnitus</italic></bold> (Desm.) Gruyter, Aveskamp & Verkley, <bold>comb. nov.</bold> MycoBank <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=MB564726&link_type=mb">MB564726</ext-link>.</p><p id="P130"><italic>Basionym</italic>: <italic>Sphaeria agnita</italic> Desm., Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot. Ser. 3, 16: 313. 1851.</p><list list-type="simple"><list-item><list list-type="simple"><list-item><p>≡ <italic>Leptosphaeria agnita</italic> (Desm.) Ces. & De Not., Comm. Soc. Crittog. Ital. 1: 236. 1863.</p></list-item></list></list-item><list-item><p>= <italic>Plenodomus chondrillae</italic> Died, Ann. Mycol.. 9: 140. 1911; Krypt.-fl. Brandenburg 9: 236. 1912.</p></list-item><list-item><p>= <italic>Phoma agnita</italic> Gonz. Frag., Mem. Real Acad. Ci. Barcelona 15: 6. 1920.</p></list-item></list><p id="P131"><italic>Specimens examined</italic>: <bold>Netherlands</bold>, from stem of <italic>Eupatorium cannabinum</italic> (<italic>Asteraceae</italic>), 1982, W.M. Loerakker, <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=126584&link_type=cbs">CBS 126584</ext-link> =PD 82/561; from stem of <italic>Eupatorium cannabinum</italic>, 1982, W.M. Loerakker, <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=121.89&link_type=cbs">CBS 121.89</ext-link> = PD 82/903.</p><p id="P132"><bold><italic>Plenodomus biglobosus</italic></bold> (Shoemaker & H. Brun) Gruyter, Aveskamp & Verkley, <bold>comb. nov.</bold> MycoBank <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=MB564727&link_type=mb">MB564727</ext-link>.</p><p id="P133"><italic>Basionym</italic>: <italic>Leptosphaeria biglobosa</italic> Shoemaker & H. Brun, Canad. J. Bot. 79: 413. 2001.</p><p id="P134"><italic>Specimens examined</italic>: <bold>France</bold>, Le Rheu, from stem of <italic>Brassica juncea</italic> (<italic>Brassicaceae</italic>), <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=127249&link_type=cbs">CBS 127249</ext-link> =DAOM 229269. <bold>Netherlands</bold>, from <italic>Brassica rapa</italic> (<italic>Brassicaceae</italic>), 2006, R. Veenstra, <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=119951&link_type=cbs">CBS 119951</ext-link>.</p><p id="P135"><italic>Notes</italic>: <italic>Leptosphaeria biglobosa</italic> was originally described as a less virulent segregate of <italic>L. maculans</italic> (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R90">Shoemaker & Brun 2001</xref>). The species, also indicated as Tox<sup>0</sup> isolates, has been described from cultivated <italic>Brassica</italic> species as the cause of upper stem lesions and considered as less damaging than <italic>L. maculans</italic> (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R105">West <italic>et al.</italic> 2002</xref>). However, in Poland <italic>L. biglobosa</italic> is the predominant cause of these symptoms (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R68">Jedryczka <italic>et al</italic>. 1999</xref>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R63">Huang <italic>et al.</italic> 2005</xref>). The current species concept of <italic>L. biglobosa</italic> is broadly defined with six distinct subclades recognised by multilocus phylogenetic analyses of ITS, β-tubulin and actin sequences (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R74">Mendes-Pereira <italic>et al.</italic> 2003</xref>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R101">Vincenot <italic>et al.</italic> 2008</xref>). These subclades are named after the host or geographic origin of the isolates involved. It has been suggested that the clades represent distinct subspecies formed over time by reproductive isolation (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R74">Mendes-Pereira <italic>et al.</italic> 2003</xref>). Alignments of the ITS sequences of <italic>Ph. wasbiae, Ph. pimpinellae</italic> and <italic>L. biglobosa</italic> isolates were compared with those of the representative strains of the <italic>L. biglobosa</italic> subclades obtained from GenBank, and both <italic>Ph. wasbiae</italic> and <italic>Ph. pimpinellae</italic> grouped in this species complex (unpubl. data). Both species are maintained here, awaiting a redescription of the taxa representing all clades in the <italic>L. biglobosa</italic> complex.</p><p id="P136"><bold><italic>Plenodomus chrysanthemi</italic> (</bold>Zachos, Constantinou & Panag.) Gruyter, Aveskamp & Verkley, <bold>comb. nov.</bold> MycoBank <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=MB564728&link_type=mb">MB564728</ext-link>.</p><p id="P137"><italic>Basionym</italic>: <italic>Cephalosporium chrysanthemi</italic> Zachos, Constantinou & Panag., Ann. Inst. Phytopath. Benaki, N.S. 55. 1960.</p><list list-type="simple"><list-item><list list-type="simple"><list-item><p>≡ <italic>Phialophora chrysanthemi</italic> (Zachos, Constantinou & Panag.) W. Gams, Cephalosporium-artige Schimmelpilze (Stuttgart): 207. 1971.</p></list-item></list></list-item><list-item><p>= <italic>Phoma vasinfecta</italic> Boerema, Gruyter & Kesteren, Persoonia 15: 484. 1994.</p></list-item></list><p id="P138"><italic>Specimen examined</italic>: <bold>Greece</bold>, from <italic>Chrysanthemum</italic> sp. (<italic>Asteraceae</italic>), Apr. 1963, D.G. Zachos, <bold>holotype</bold><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=-7576&link_type=cbs">CBS H-7576</ext-link>, culture ex-holotype <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=539.63&link_type=cbs">CBS 539.63</ext-link>.</p><p id="P139"><italic>Note</italic>: The species was also described as <italic>Phoma tracheiphila</italic> f. sp. <italic>chrysanthemi</italic> (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R7">Baker <italic>et al</italic>. 1985</xref>).</p><p id="P140"><bold><italic>Plenodomus collinsoniae</italic></bold> (Dearn. & House) Gruyter, Aveskamp & Verkley, <bold>comb. nov.</bold> MycoBank <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=MB564729&link_type=mb">MB564729</ext-link>.</p><p id="P141"><italic>Basionym</italic>: <italic>Leptosphaeria collinsoniae</italic> Dearn. & House, Bull. New York State Mus. Nat. Hist. 233-234: 36. 1921.</p><p id="P142"><italic>Specimen examined</italic>: <bold>Japan</bold>, Osawa river, Komukai, Miyagi, from <italic>Vitis coignetiae</italic> (<italic>Vitaceae</italic>), 27 Sep. 2003, Y. Takahashi, <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=120227&link_type=cbs">CBS 120227</ext-link> =JCM 13073 = MAFF 239583.</p><p id="P143"><bold><italic>Plenodomus confertus</italic> (</bold>Niessl ex Sacc.) Gruyter, Aveskamp & Verkley, <bold>comb. nov.</bold> MycoBank <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=MB564730&link_type=mb">MB564730</ext-link>.</p><p id="P144"><italic>Basionym</italic>: <italic>Leptosphaeria conferta</italic> Niessl ex Sacc., Syll. Fung. 2: 20. 1883.</p><list list-type="simple"><list-item><p>= <italic>Phoma conferta</italic> P. Syd. ex Died., Krypt.-fl. Brandenburg 9: 142. 1912.</p></list-item></list><p id="P145"><italic>Specimen examined</italic>: <bold>Spain</bold>, Cais do Tejo, from dead stem of <italic>Anacyclus radiatus</italic> (<italic>Asteraceae</italic>), Mar. 1961, M.T. Lucas, <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=375.64&link_type=cbs">CBS 375.64</ext-link>.</p><p id="P146"><bold><italic>Plenodomus congestus</italic> (</bold>M.T. Lucas) Gruyter, Aveskamp & Verkley, <bold>comb. nov.</bold> MycoBank <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=MB564731&link_type=mb">MB564731</ext-link>.</p><p id="P147"><italic>Basionym</italic>: <italic>Leptosphaeria congesta</italic> M.T. Lucas, Trans. Brit. Mycol. Soc. 46: 362. 1963.</p><list list-type="simple"><list-item><p>= <italic>Phoma congesta</italic> Boerema, Gruyter & Kesteren, Persoonia 15: 461. 1994.</p></list-item></list><p id="P148"><italic>Specimen examined</italic>: <bold>Spain</bold>, Póvoa de Santa Iria, Estremadura, from stem<italic> of Erigeron canadensis</italic> (<italic>Asteraceae</italic>), Mar. 1961, M.T. Lucas, <bold>holotype</bold> of <italic>Leptosphaeria congesta</italic> M.T. Lucas, dried culture LISE 1638, culture ex-holotype <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=244.64&link_type=cbs">CBS 244.64</ext-link>.</p><p id="P149"><bold><italic>Plenodomus enteroleucus</italic></bold> (Sacc.) Gruyter, Aveskamp & Verkley, <bold>comb. nov.</bold> MycoBank <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=MB564753&link_type=mb">MB564753</ext-link>.</p><p id="P150"><italic>Basionym</italic>: <italic>Phoma enteroleuca</italic> Sacc. var. <italic>enteroleuca</italic>, Michelia 1: 358. 1878.</p><p id="P151"><italic>Specimens examined</italic>: <bold>France</bold>, Alencon, from <italic>Pyrus communis</italic> (<italic>Rosaceae</italic>), 1878, C. C. Gillet, <bold>holotype</bold> of <italic>Phoma enteroleuca</italic> var. <italic>enteroleuca</italic>, Herb. Sacc. ’19’, PAD. <bold>Germany</bold>, Monheim, from leaf spots of <italic>Triticum aestivum</italic> (<italic>Poaceae</italic>), 15 Aug. 1984, M. Hossfeld, <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=-3684&link_type=cbs">CBS H-3684</ext-link>, culture <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=831.84&link_type=cbs">CBS 831.84</ext-link>. <bold>Netherlands</bold>, Bennekom, from discoloured wood of <italic>Catalpa bignonioides</italic> (<italic>Bignoniaceae</italic>), 1981, G.H. Boerema, <bold>epitype designated here</bold><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=-16209&link_type=cbs">CBS H-16209</ext-link>, culture ex-epitype <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=142.84&link_type=cbs">CBS 142.84</ext-link> = PD 81/654 = CECT 20063.</p><p id="P152"><bold><italic>Plenodomus fallaciosus</italic> (</bold>Berl.) Gruyter, Aveskamp & Verkley, <bold>comb. nov.</bold> MycoBank <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=MB564732&link_type=mb">MB564732</ext-link>.</p><p id="P153"><italic>Basionym</italic>: <italic>Leptosphaeria fallaciosa</italic> Berl., Bull. Soc. Mycol. France. 5: 43. 1889.</p><p id="P154"><italic>Specimen examined</italic>: <bold>France</bold>, Var, Ste. Baume, from <italic>Satureia montana</italic> (<italic>Lamiaceae</italic>), July 1951, E. Müller, <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=414.62&link_type=cbs">CBS 414.62</ext-link> = ETH 2961.</p><p id="P155"><bold><italic>Plenodomus hendersoniae</italic></bold> (Fuckel) Gruyter, Aveskamp & Verkley, <bold>comb. nov.</bold> MycoBank <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=MB564754&link_type=mb">MB564754</ext-link>.</p><p id="P156"><italic>Basionym</italic>: <italic>Cucurbitaria hendersoniae</italic> Fuckel, Symb. Myc. p. 172. 1870.</p><list list-type="simple"><list-item><list list-type="simple"><list-item><p>≡ <italic>Melanomma hendersoniae</italic> (Fuckel) Sacc., Syll. Fung. 2: 109. 1883.</p></list-item><list-item><p>≡ <italic>Chiajaea hendersoniae</italic> (Fuckel) Höhn., Sitzungsber. Kaiserl. Akad. Wiss., Math.-Naturwiss. Cl., Abt. 1. 129: 152. 1920.</p></list-item><list-item><p>≡ <italic>Leptosphaeria hendersoniae</italic> (Fuckel) L. Holm, Symb. Bot. Upsal. 14: 26. 1957.</p></list-item></list></list-item><list-item><p>= <italic>Phoma intricans</italic> M.B. Schwarz, Meded. Phytopath. Lab. Willie Commelin Scholten 8: 44. 1922.</p></list-item></list><p id="P157"><italic>Specimens examined</italic>: <bold>Sweden</bold>, Uppland, Jerusalem, from <italic>Salix cinerea</italic> (<italic>Salicaceae</italic>), 10 Apr. 1986, K. & L. Holm, <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=113702&link_type=cbs">CBS 113702</ext-link> =UPSC 1843. <bold>Netherlands</bold>, Wilhelminadorp, from bark of <italic>Pyrus malus</italic> (<italic>Rosaceae</italic>), June 1977, H.A.Th. van der Scheer, <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=139.78&link_type=cbs">CBS 139.78</ext-link>.</p><p id="P158"><bold><italic>Plenodomus influorescens</italic></bold> (Boerema & Loer.) Gruyter, Aveskamp & Verkley, <bold>comb. nov.</bold> MycoBank <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=MB564755&link_type=mb">MB564755</ext-link>.</p><p id="P159"><italic>Basionym</italic>: <italic>Phoma enteroleuca</italic> var. <italic>influorescens</italic> Boerema & Loer., Trans. Brit. Mycol. Soc. 84: 290. 1985.</p><p id="P160"><italic>Specimens examined</italic>: <bold>Netherlands</bold>, from <italic>Lilium</italic> sp. (<italic>Liliaceae</italic>), 1973, G.H. Boerema, PD 73/1382; Emmeloord, from <italic>Fraxinus excelsior</italic> (<italic>Oleaceae</italic>), 1978, J.D. Janse, <bold>holotype</bold> of <italic>Phoma enteroleuca</italic> var. <italic>influorescens</italic>, <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=-16208&link_type=cbs">CBS H-16208</ext-link>, culture ex holotype <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=143.84&link_type=cbs">CBS 143.84</ext-link> = PD 78/883 = CECT 20064.</p><p id="P161"><italic>Note</italic>: The isolate PD 73/1382 is no longer available for study.</p><p id="P162"><bold><italic>Plenodomus libanotidis</italic></bold> (Fuckel) Gruyter, Aveskamp & Verkley, <bold>comb. nov.</bold> MycoBank <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=MB564756&link_type=mb">MB564756</ext-link>.</p><p id="P163"><italic>Basionym</italic>: <italic>Pleospora libanotidis</italic> Fuckel, Jahrb. Nassauischen Vereins Naturk. 27-28: 24. 1873 (as “<italic>libanotis</italic>”).</p><list list-type="simple"><list-item><list list-type="simple"><list-item><p>≡ <italic>Leptosphaeria libanotidis</italic><bold>(</bold>Fuckel) Sacc., Syll. Fung. 2: 16. 1883 (as “<italic>libanotis</italic>”).</p></list-item></list></list-item><list-item><p>= <italic>Phoma sanguinolenta</italic> Rostr., Tidsskr. Landokon. 5(7): 384. 1888 (not <italic>Phoma sanguinolenta</italic> Grove, J. Bot. 23: 164. 1885).</p><list list-type="simple"><list-item><p>≡ <italic>Phoma rostrupii</italic> Sacc., Syll. Fung. 11: 490. 1895, nom. nov.</p></list-item></list></list-item></list><p id="P164"><italic>Specimen examined</italic>: <bold>Sweden</bold>, Uppland, Gröna strand, from <italic>Seseli libanotis</italic> (<italic>Apiaceae</italic>), 19 May 1987, K. & L. Holm, <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=113795&link_type=cbs">CBS 113795</ext-link> =UPSC 2219.</p><p id="P165"><bold><italic>Plenodomus lindquistii</italic></bold> (Frezzi) Gruyter, Aveskamp & Verkley, <bold>comb. nov.</bold> MycoBank <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=MB564757&link_type=mb">MB564757</ext-link>.</p><p id="P166"><italic>Basionym</italic>: <italic>Leptosphaeria lindquistii</italic> Frezzi, Revista Invest. Agropec., Sér. 5, 5: 79. 1968.</p><list list-type="simple"><list-item><p>= <italic>Phoma macdonaldii</italic> Boerema, Persoonia 6: 20. 1970.</p></list-item></list><p id="P167"><italic>Specimens examined</italic>: <bold>Canada</bold>, from <italic>Helianthus annuus</italic> (<italic>Asteraceae</italic>), 1967, W.C. McDonald, <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=381.67&link_type=cbs">CBS 381.67</ext-link>. Former <bold>Yugoslavia</bold>, from stem of <italic>Helianthus annuus</italic>, 1977, A. Maric, <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=386.80&link_type=cbs">CBS 386.80</ext-link> = PD 77/336.</p><p id="P168"><italic>Note</italic>: Strain <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=381.67&link_type=cbs">CBS 381.67</ext-link> is ex-holotype of <italic>Phoma macdonaldii</italic> Boerema, pycnidial state of <italic>Leptosphaeria lindquistii</italic> Frezzi (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R9">Boerema 1970</xref>).</p><p id="P169"><bold><italic>Plenodomus lingam</italic></bold> (Tode: Fr.) Höhn., Sitzungsber. Kaiserl. Akad. Wiss., Math.-Naturwiss. Cl., Abt. 1. 120: 463. 1911.</p><p id="P170"><italic>Basionym</italic>: <italic>Sphaeria lingam</italic> Tode: Fr., Fungi mecklenb. 2: 51. 1791.: Fr., Syst. Mycol. 2: 507. 1823.</p><list list-type="simple"><list-item><list list-type="simple"><list-item><p>≡ <italic>Phoma lingam</italic> (Tode: Fr.) Desm., Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot. Ser. 3, 11: 281. 1849.</p></list-item></list></list-item><list-item><p>= <italic>Sphaeria maculans</italic> Desm., Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot. Ser. 3, 6: 77. 1846, nom. illeg.</p><list list-type="simple"><list-item><p>≡ <italic>Leptosphaeria maculans</italic> (Desm.) Ces. & De Not., Comment. Soc. Crittog. Ital. 1: 235. 1863.</p></list-item></list></list-item><list-item><p>= <italic>Plenodomus rabenhorstii</italic> Preuss, Linnaea 24: 145. 1851, nom. dub.</p></list-item></list><p id="P171"><italic>Specimens examined</italic>: <bold>Netherlands</bold>, near Goes, from <italic>Brassica oleracea</italic> (<italic>Brassicaceae</italic>), 1978, M.M.J. Dorenbosch, <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=260.94&link_type=cbs">CBS 260.94</ext-link> = PD 78/989. Origin unknown, Mar. 1924, A. Weber, <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=147.24&link_type=cbs">CBS 147.24</ext-link>. <bold>UK</bold>, from <italic>Brassica</italic> sp. (<italic>Brassicaceae</italic>), 1963, B.C. Sutton, <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=275.63&link_type=cbs">CBS 275.63</ext-link> = MUCL 9901= UPSC 1025.</p><p id="P172"><italic>Notes</italic>: The combination <italic>Plen. lingam</italic> as published by van Höhnel (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R57">1911</xref>) was preferred over <italic>Plen. rabenhorstii</italic> Preuss (1851) by Boerema & van Kesteren (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R21">1964</xref>) because the type material of <italic>Plen. rabenhorstii</italic> had been lost during the Second World War. Therefore, <italic>Plen. rabenhorstii</italic> is indicated here as a <italic>nomen dubium. Leptosphaeria maculans</italic> causes a serious stem base canker (blackleg) on cultivated <italic>Brassica</italic> spp. (<italic>Brassicaceae</italic>) in Europe, Australia and North America (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R106">West <italic>et al.</italic> 2001</xref>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R45">Fitt <italic>et al.</italic> 2006</xref>).</p><p id="P173"><bold><italic>Plenodomus lupini</italic></bold> (Ellis & Everh.) Gruyter, Aveskamp & Verkley, <bold>comb. nov.</bold> MycoBank <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=MB564758&link_type=mb">MB564758</ext-link>.</p><p id="P174">Basionym: <italic>Phoma lupini</italic> Ellis & Everh., Bull. Washburn Lab. Nat. Hist. 1: 6. 1884.</p><list list-type="simple"><list-item><p>≡ <italic>Asteromella lupini</italic> (Ellis & Everh.) Petr., Sydowia 9: 495. 1955 (not <italic>Phoma lupini</italic> N.F. Buchw., Møller, Fungi Faeröes 2: 153. 1958, nom. illeg).</p></list-item></list><p id="P175"><italic>Specimen examined</italic>: <bold>Peru</bold>, Andes region, from stem lesion of <italic>Lupinus mutabilis</italic> (<italic>Fabaceae</italic>), May 1992, J. de Gruyter, <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=248.92&link_type=cbs">CBS 248.92</ext-link> = PD 79/141.</p><p id="P176"><bold><italic>Plenodomus pimpinellae</italic></bold> (Lowen & Sivan.) Gruyter, Aveskamp & Verkley, <bold>comb. nov.</bold> MycoBank <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=MB564759&link_type=mb">MB564759</ext-link>.</p><p id="P177"><italic>Basionym</italic>: <italic>Leptosphaeria pimpinellae</italic> Lowen & Sivan., Mycotaxon 35: 205. 1989.</p><list list-type="simple"><list-item><p>= <italic>Phoma pimpinellae</italic> Boerema & Gruyter, Persoonia 17: 278. 1999.</p></list-item></list><p id="P178"><italic>Specimen examined</italic>: <bold>Israel</bold>, Mt Carmel near Kibbutz Oren, from dead stems of <italic>Pimpinella anisum</italic> (<italic>Apiaceae</italic>), 9 Dec. 1987, R. Rowen, 523-88 NY, <bold>holotype</bold> of <italic>Leptosphaeria pimpinellae</italic> Lowen & Sivan, culture ex-holotype <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=101637&link_type=cbs">CBS 101637</ext-link> =PD 92/41.</p><p id="P179"><bold><italic>Plenodomus tracheiphilus</italic></bold> (Petri) Gruyter, Aveskamp & Verkley, <bold>comb. nov.</bold> MycoBank <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=MB564760&link_type=mb">MB564760</ext-link>.</p><p id="P180"><italic>Basionym</italic>: <italic>Deuterophoma tracheiphila</italic> Petri, Boll. Staz. Patol. Veg. Roma 9: 396. 1929.</p><list list-type="simple"><list-item><p>≡ <italic>Bakerophoma tracheiphila</italic> (Petri) Cif., Ist. Bot. Reale Univ. Reale Lab. Crittog. Pavia Atti Ser. 5, 5: 307. 1946.</p></list-item><list-item><p>≡ <italic>Phoma tracheiphila</italic> (Petri) L.A. Kantsch. & Gikaschvili, Trudy Inst. Zasch. Rast. Tibilisi 5: 20. 1948.</p></list-item></list><p id="P181"><italic>Specimens examined</italic>: <bold>Israel</bold>, from <italic>Citrus limonium</italic> (<italic>Rutaceae</italic>), Oct. 1993, J. de Gruyter, <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=551.93&link_type=cbs">CBS 551.93</ext-link> = PD 81/782. <bold>Italy</bold>, from <italic>Citrus</italic> sp. (<italic>Rutaceae</italic>), <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=127250&link_type=cbs">CBS 127250</ext-link> =PD 09/04597141.</p><p id="P182"><italic>Note</italic>: The species produces a phialophora-like synanamorph.</p><p id="P183"><bold><italic>Plenodomus visci</italic></bold> (Moesz) Gruyter, Aveskamp & Verkley, <bold>comb. nov.</bold> MycoBank <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=MB564761&link_type=mb">MB564761</ext-link>.</p><p id="P184"><italic>Basionym</italic>: <italic>Plectophomella visci</italic> Moesz, Magyar Bot. Lapok 21: 13. 1922.</p><list list-type="simple"><list-item><p>= <italic>Apocytospora visci</italic> Höhn., Mitt. Bot. Lab. TH Wien 1: 43. 1924.</p></list-item></list><p id="P185"><italic>Specimen examined</italic>: <bold>Hungary</bold>, Tata-Tóváros, from leaves of <italic>Viscum album</italic> (<italic>Viscaceae</italic>), 22 Oct. 1911, G. von Moesz, BP, <bold>holotype</bold> of <italic>Plectophomella visci</italic> Moesz. <bold>France</bold>, from <italic>Viscum album</italic>, 1974, <bold>epitype designated here</bold><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=-20823&link_type=cbs">CBS H-20823</ext-link>, culture ex-epitype <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=122783&link_type=cbs">CBS 122783</ext-link> =PD 74/1021.</p><p id="P186"><italic>Notes</italic>: <italic>Plectophomella visci</italic> is the type species of the genus <italic>Plectophomella.</italic> This genus was accepted by Sutton (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R95">1980</xref>) based on the eustromatic conidiomata; branched, septate conidiophores, phialidic conidiogenesis and small, hyaline conidia. However, the phylogenetic analyses clearly demonstrated the placement of <italic>Plectophomella</italic> grouping in the <italic>Plenodomus</italic> clade and therefore it is treated as a synonym.</p><p id="P187"><bold><italic>Plenodomus wasabiae</italic></bold> (Yokogi) J.F. White & P.V. Reddy, Canad. J. Bot. 76: 1920. 1999 (1998).</p><p id="P188"><italic>Basionym</italic>: <italic>Phoma wasabiae</italic> Yokogi, Ann. Phytopathol. Soc. Japan 2: 549. 1933.</p><p id="P189"><italic>Specimens examined</italic>: <bold>Taiwan</bold>, from <italic>Wasabia japonica</italic> (syn. <italic>Eutrema wasabi</italic>) (<italic>Brassicaceae</italic>), A. Rossman, <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=120119&link_type=cbs">CBS 120119</ext-link> =FAU 559; from <italic>Wasabia japonica</italic>, A. Rossman, <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=120120&link_type=cbs">CBS 120120</ext-link> =FAU 561.</p><p id="P190"><bold><italic>Subplenodomus</italic></bold> Gruyter, Verkley & Crous, <bold>gen. nov.</bold> MycoBank <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=MB564769&link_type=mb">MB564769</ext-link>.</p><p id="P191"><italic>Etymology</italic>: Although the genus resembles <italic>Plenodomus</italic> in the production of thick-walled pycnidia, the pycnidial cell wall of <italic>Subplenodomus</italic> often remains pseudoparenchymatous, similar to the pycnidial wall of species of <italic>Phoma</italic>.</p><p id="P192"><italic>Conidiomata</italic> pycnidial, globose to papillate, or with an elongated neck, solitary or aggregated, thin-walled pseudoparenchymatous, or thick-walled scleroplectenchymatous, ostiolate, unilocular. <italic>Conidiogenous cells</italic> phialidic, ampulliform to doliiform. <italic>Conidia</italic> hyaline, aseptate, ellipsoid to cylindrical. <italic>Chlamydospores</italic> sometimes produced, olivaceous, unicellular in chains, or multicellular, dictyosporous-botryoid or forming pseudosclerotioid structures.</p><p id="P193"><italic>Type species</italic>: <italic>Subplenodomus violicola</italic> (P. Syd.) Gruyter, Aveskamp & Verkley (see below)</p><p id="P194"><bold><italic>Subplenodomus apiicola</italic></bold> (Kleb.) Gruyter, Aveskamp & Verkley, <bold>comb. nov.</bold> MycoBank <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=MB564770&link_type=mb">MB564770</ext-link>.</p><p id="P195"><italic>Basionym</italic>: <italic>Phoma apiicola</italic> Kleb., Z. Pflanzenkrankh. 20: 22. 1910.</p><p id="P196"><italic>Specimens examined</italic>: <bold>Germany</bold>, from tuber of <italic>Apium graveolens</italic> var. <italic>rapaceum</italic> (<italic>Apiaceae</italic>), Feb. 1972, Diercks, culture <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=285.72&link_type=cbs">CBS 285.72</ext-link>. <bold>Netherlands</bold>, from stem base of <italic>Apium graveolens</italic>, 1978, J. de Gruyter, <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=504.91&link_type=cbs">CBS 504.91</ext-link> = PD 78/1073.</p><p id="P197"><bold><italic>Subplenodomus drobnjacensis</italic></bold> (Bubák) Gruyter, Aveskamp & Verkley, <bold>comb. nov.</bold> MycoBank <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=MB564771&link_type=mb">MB564771</ext-link>.</p><p id="P198"><italic>Basionym</italic>: <italic>Phoma drobnjacensis</italic> Bubák, Bot. Közlem. 14: 63. 1915</p><list list-type="simple"><list-item><p>= <italic>Pyrenochaeta gentianae</italic> Chevassut, Bull. Soc. Mycol. France. 81: 36. 1965.</p></list-item></list><p id="P199"><italic>Specimens examined</italic>: <bold>Netherlands</bold>, from stem base of <italic>Gentiana makinoi</italic> “Royal Blue” (<italic>Gentianaceae</italic>), 1983, M.M.J. Dorenbosch, <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=270.92&link_type=cbs">CBS 270.92</ext-link> = PD 83/650; Naaldwijk, from red-brown root of <italic>Eustoma exaltatum</italic> (<italic>Gentianaceae</italic>), 1988, M.M.J. Dorenbosch, <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=269.92&link_type=cbs">CBS 269.92</ext-link> = PD 88/896.</p><p id="P200"><bold><italic>Subplenodomus valerianae</italic></bold> (Henn.) Gruyter, Aveskamp & Verkley, <bold>comb. nov.</bold> MycoBank <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=MB564772&link_type=mb">MB564772</ext-link>.</p><p id="P201"><italic>Basionym</italic>: <italic>Phoma valerianae</italic> Henn., Nyt Mag. Naturvidensk. 42: 29. 1904.</p><list list-type="simple"><list-item><p>= <italic>Phyllosticta valerianae</italic>-<italic>tripteris</italic> f. <italic>minor</italic> Unamuno, Mem. Real Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. 15: 348. 1929.</p></list-item></list><p id="P202"><italic>Specimens examined</italic>: <bold>Netherlands</bold>, Arnhem, from dead stem of <italic>Valeriana phu</italic> (<italic>Valerianaceae</italic>), Sep. 1968, G.H. Boerema, <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=630.68&link_type=cbs">CBS 630.68</ext-link> = PD 68/141; Elburg, from stem base of <italic>Valeriana officinalis</italic>, 1973, M.M.J. Dorenbosch, culture <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=499.91&link_type=cbs">CBS 499.91</ext-link> = PD 73/672.</p><p id="P203"><bold><italic>Subplenodomus violicola</italic></bold> (P. Syd.) Gruyter, Aveskamp & Verkley, <bold>comb. nov.</bold> MycoBank <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=MB564774&link_type=mb">MB564774</ext-link>.</p><p id="P204"><italic>Basionym</italic>: <italic>Phoma violicola</italic> P. Syd., Beibl. Hedwigia 38: 137. 1899.</p><list list-type="simple"><list-item><p>= <italic>Phyllosticta violae</italic> f. <italic>violae</italic>-<italic>hirtae</italic> Allesch. Rabenh.-Fl., Ed. 2, Pilze 6: 156. 1898.</p></list-item><list-item><p>= <italic>Phoma violae</italic>-<italic>tricoloris</italic> Died., Ann. Mycol. 2: 179. 1904.</p></list-item><list-item><p>= <italic>Phyllosticta violae</italic> f. <italic>violae</italic>-<italic>sylvaticae</italic> Gonz. Frag., Trab. Mus. Nac. Ci. Nat., Ser. Bot. 7: 35. 1914.</p></list-item></list><p id="P205"><italic>Specimens examined</italic>: <bold>Netherlands</bold>, Baarn, from leaf spot in <italic>Viola tricolor</italic>, 10 Mar. 1968, H.A. van der Aa, <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=306.68&link_type=cbs">CBS 306.68</ext-link>. <bold>New Zealand</bold>, Auckland, Henderson, from leaf spot in <italic>Viola tricolor</italic> (<italic>Violaceae</italic>), 1997, J. Jury, <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=100272&link_type=cbs">CBS 100272</ext-link>.</p><p id="P206"><bold><italic>Coniothyriaceae</italic></bold> W.B. Cooke. Revista Biol. (Lisbon) 12: 289. 1983.</p><p id="P207"><bold><italic>Coniothyrium carteri</italic></bold> (Gruyter & Boerema) Verkley & Gruyter, <bold>comb. nov.</bold> MycoBank <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=MB564775&link_type=mb">MB564775</ext-link>.</p><p id="P208"><italic>Basionym</italic>: <italic>Phoma carteri</italic> Gruyter & Boerema, Persoonia 17(4): 547. 2002 (“2001”), nom. nov.</p><p id="P209"><italic>Replaced synonym</italic>: <italic>Pyrenochaeta minuta</italic> J.C. Carter, Bull. Illinois Nat. Hist. Surv. 21: 214. 1941 [not <italic>Phoma minuta</italic> Wehm., Mycologia 38: 318. 1946, nor <italic>Phoma minuta</italic> Alcalde, Anales Inst. Bot. Cavanilles 10: 235. 1952; not <italic>Coniothyrium minutum</italic> (Berl.) O. Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 3: 459. 1898 = <italic>Phoma cava</italic>, syn. of <italic>Pyrenochaeta cava</italic>; not <italic>Coniothyrium minutum</italic> (Died) Petr. & Syd., Feddes Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 42: 349. 1927].</p><p id="P210"><italic>Specimens examined</italic>: <bold>Germany,</bold> isolated from <italic>Quercus robur</italic> (<italic>Fagaceae</italic>), 1991, <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=105.91&link_type=cbs">CBS 105.91</ext-link>. <bold>Netherlands</bold>, from shoot of <italic>Quercus</italic> sp. (<italic>Fagaceae</italic>), 1984, M.M.J. Dorenbosch, <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=101633&link_type=cbs">CBS 101633</ext-link> =PD 84/74.</p><p id="P211"><bold><italic>Coniothyrium dolichi</italic></bold> (Mohanty) Verkley & Gruyter, <bold>comb. nov.</bold> MycoBank <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=MB564776&link_type=mb">MB564776</ext-link>.</p><p id="P212"><italic>Basionym</italic>: <italic>Pyrenochaeta dolichi</italic> Mohanty, Indian Phytopathol. 11: 85. 1958.</p><p id="P213"><italic>Specimen examined</italic>: <bold>India</bold>, Nani Tal, Sarichuan, from leafspot of <italic>Dolichos biflorus</italic> (<italic>Fabaceae</italic>), 20 Oct. 1955, N.N. Mohandy, <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=124140&link_type=cbs">CBS 124140</ext-link> =IMI 217262, <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=124143&link_type=cbs">CBS 124143</ext-link> =IMI 217261.</p><p id="P214"><italic>Notes</italic>: A synanamorph was noted and described as a <italic>Coniosporium</italic> state based on the dark brown to black, dictyosporous conidia (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R76">Mohanty 1958</xref>). This synanamorph was considered later as monodictys-like (Grodona <italic>et al.</italic> 1997).</p><p id="P215"><bold><italic>Coniothyrium glycines</italic></bold> (R.B. Stewart) Verkley & Gruyter, <bold>comb. nov.</bold> MycoBank <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=MB564777&link_type=mb">MB564777</ext-link>.</p><p id="P216"><italic>Basionym</italic>: <italic>Pyrenochaeta glycines</italic> R.B. Stewart, Mycologia 49: 115. 1957.</p><list list-type="simple"><list-item><p>≡ <italic>Phoma glycinicola</italic> Gruyter & Boerema, Persoonia 17: 554. 2002 (“2001”), nom. nov., nom. inval. (not <italic>Phoma glycines</italic> Sawada, Special. Publ. Coll. Agric., Natl. Taiwan Univ. 8: 129. 1959, nom. inval). ≡ <italic>Phoma glycines</italic> Sawada ex J.K. Bai & G.Z. Lu, Fl. Fungorum Sin. 15: 33. 2003.</p></list-item></list><p id="P217"><italic>Specimens examined</italic>: <bold>Zambia</bold>, on Mt. Makulu, from leaf of <italic>Glycine max</italic> (<italic>Fabaceae</italic>), Mar. 1985, J.M. Waller, <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=124455&link_type=cbs">CBS 124455</ext-link> =IMI 294986. <bold>Zimbabwe,</bold> from a leaf of <italic>Glycine max</italic> (<italic>Fabaceae</italic>), 2001, C. Lavy, <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=124141&link_type=cbs">CBS 124141</ext-link> =PG1.</p><p id="P218"><bold><italic>Coniothyrium multiporum</italic></bold> (V.H. Pawar, P.N. Mathur & Thirum.) Verkley & Gruyter, <bold>comb. nov.</bold> MycoBank <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=MB564778&link_type=mb">MB564778</ext-link>.</p><p id="P219"><italic>Basionym</italic>: <italic>Phoma multipora</italic> V.H. Pawar, P.N. Mathur & Thirum., Trans. Brit. Mycol. Soc. 50: 260. 1967.</p><list list-type="simple"><list-item><p>≡ <italic>Phoma multipora</italic> V.H. Pawar & Thirum., Nova Hedwigia 12: 501. 1966, nom. nud.</p></list-item></list><p id="P220"><italic>Specimens examined</italic>: <bold>Egypt</bold>, <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=501.91&link_type=cbs">CBS 501.91</ext-link> = PD 83/888. <bold>India,</bold> Bombay, Bandra, from saline soil, 15 Jan. 1958, M.J. Thirumalachar, <bold>Isotype</bold><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=-16492&link_type=cbs">CBS H-16492</ext-link>, culture ex-isotype <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=353.65&link_type=cbs">CBS 353.65</ext-link> = ATCC 16207 = HACC 164 = IMI 113689.</p><p id="P221"><bold><italic>Coniothyrium palmarum</italic></bold> Corda, Icon. Fungorum. (Corda) 4: 38. 1840.</p><list list-type="simple"><list-item><p>≡ <italic>Clisosporium palmarum</italic> (Corda) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 3: 458. 1898.</p></list-item><list-item><p>≡ <italic>Microdiplodia palmarum</italic> (Corda) Died., Ann. Mycol. 11: 47. 1913.</p></list-item></list><p id="P222"><italic>Specimens examined</italic>: <bold>Italy</bold>, Sardegna, near Dorgali, from a dead petiole of <italic>Chamaerops humilis</italic> (<italic>Arecaceae</italic>), Aug. 1970, W. Gams, <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=-10891&link_type=cbs">CBS H-10891</ext-link>-10893, culture <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=400.71&link_type=cbs">CBS 400.71</ext-link>.</p><p id="P223"><bold><italic>Coniothyrium telephii</italic></bold> (Allesch.) Verkley & Gruyter, <bold>comb. nov.</bold> MycoBank <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=MB564779&link_type=mb">MB564779</ext-link>.</p><p id="P224"><italic>Basionym</italic>: <italic>Pyrenochaeta telephii</italic> Allesch., Ber. bayer. bot. Ges. 4: 33. 1896.</p><list list-type="simple"><list-item><p>≡ <italic>Phoma septicidalis</italic> Boerema, Versl. Meded. Plantenziektenk. Dienst Wageningen 153 (Jaarb. 1978): 20. 1979, nom. nov. [not <italic>Phoma telephii</italic> (Vestergr.) Kesteren, Netherlands J. Pl. Pathol. 78: 117. 1972].</p></list-item></list><p id="P225"><italic>Specimens examined</italic>: <bold>Finland</bold>, Helsinki, Asko Kahanpää, obtained from air, Jan. 1971, <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=-16567&link_type=cbs">CBS H-16567</ext-link>, culture <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=188.71&link_type=cbs">CBS 188.71</ext-link>; Oulu, from mineral wool between walls, Dec. 1996, K. Poldmaa, <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=856.97&link_type=cbs">CBS 856.97</ext-link>. <bold>Zimbabwe</bold>, from leaf of <italic>Glycine max</italic> (<italic>Fabaceae)</italic>, <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=101636&link_type=cbs">CBS 101636</ext-link> =PD 86/1186.</p><p id="P226"><bold><italic>Cucurbitariaceae</italic></bold> G. Winter, Rabenh, Krypt.-Fl., Ed 2, 308. 1885.</p><p id="P227"><bold><italic>Neophaeosphaeria filamentosa</italic> (</bold>Ellis & Everh.) Câmara, M.E. Palm & A.W. Ramaley, Mycol. Res. 107: 519. 2003.</p><p id="P228"><italic>Basionym</italic>: <italic>Leptosphaeria filamentosa</italic> Ellis & Everh., J. Mycol. 4: 76. 1888.</p><list list-type="simple"><list-item><p>≡ <italic>Paraphaeosphaeria filamentosa</italic><bold>(</bold>Ellis & Everh.) M.E. Barr, Mycotaxon 43: 392. 1992.</p></list-item></list><p id="P229"><italic>Specimen examined</italic>: <bold>Mexico</bold>, from <italic>Yucca rostrata</italic> (<italic>Asparagaceae</italic>), Stevens, <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=102202&link_type=cbs">CBS 102202</ext-link> =BPI 802755.</p><p id="P230"><bold><italic>Pyrenochaetopsis pratorum</italic> (</bold>P.R. Johnst. & Boerema) Gruyter, Aveskamp & Verkley, <bold>comb. nov.</bold> MycoBank <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=MB564780&link_type=mb">MB564780</ext-link>.</p><p id="P231"><italic>Basionym</italic>: <italic>Phoma pratorum</italic> P.R. Johnst. & Boerema, New Zealand J. Bot. 19: 395. 1981.</p><p id="P232"><italic>Specimens examined</italic>: <bold>New Zealand,</bold> Rakura, near Hamilton, from a leaf of <italic>Lolium perenne</italic> (<italic>Poaceae</italic>), 1980, P.R. Johnston, isotype <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=-7625&link_type=cbs">CBS H-7625</ext-link>, <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=-7626&link_type=cbs">CBS H-7626</ext-link>, culture <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=445.81&link_type=cbs">CBS 445.81</ext-link> = PDDCC 7049 = PD 80/1254; <italic>Dactylis glomerata</italic> (<italic>Poaceae</italic>), 1980, <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=286.93&link_type=cbs">CBS 286.93</ext-link> = PD 80/1252.</p><p id="P233"><bold><italic>Pleosporaceae</italic></bold> Nitschke, Verh. Naturhist. Vereines Preuss. Rheinl. 26: 74. 1869.</p><p id="P234"><bold><italic>Pleospora angustis</italic></bold> Gruyter & Verkley, <bold>nom. nov.</bold> MycoBank <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=MB564781&link_type=mb">MB564781</ext-link>.</p><list list-type="simple"><list-item><p>≡ <italic>Leptosphaeria clavata</italic> A.L. Guyot, Revue Mycol. (Paris) 11: 62. 1946.</p></list-item><list-item><p>≡ <italic>Massariosphaeria clavata</italic> (A.L. Guyot) Shoemaker & C.E. Babc., Canad. J. Bot. 67: 1582.1989; not <italic>Pleospora clavata</italic> Gucevič (“as <italic>clavatis</italic>”), Novosti Sist. Nizsh. Rast. 7: 168. 1970.</p></list-item></list><p id="P235"><italic>Specimen examined</italic>: <bold>Switzerland</bold>, 1951, E. Müller, <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=296.51&link_type=cbs">CBS 296.51</ext-link>.</p><p id="P236"><italic>Notes</italic>: The origin of the isolate deposited by E. Müller is unknown; however, it is likely that the isolate was obtained from <italic>Poaceae, Triticum vulgare</italic> or <italic>Dactylis glomerata</italic> (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R79">Müller 1950</xref>). <italic>Pleospora clavata</italic> Gucevič was obtained from <italic>Lonicera alseuosmoides</italic> and refers to a different species.</p><p id="P237"><bold><italic>Pleospora betae</italic></bold> (Berl.) Nevod., Grib. ross. Exs., No. 247. 1915.</p><p id="P238"><italic>Basionym</italic>: <italic>Pyrenophora echinella</italic> var. <italic>betae</italic> Berl. Nuovo Giorn. Bot. Ital. 20: 208. 1888.</p><list list-type="simple"><list-item><p>= <italic>Pleospora betae</italic> Björl., Bot. Not. 1944: 218. 1944. (later homonym), nom. illeg.</p><list list-type="simple"><list-item><p>≡ <italic>Pleospora bjoerlingii</italic> Byford, Trans. Brit. Mycol. Soc. 46: 614. 1963, nom. nov.</p></list-item></list></list-item><list-item><p>= <italic>Phoma betae</italic> A.B. Frank, Z. Rúbenzucker-Ind. 42: 904, tab. 20. 1892.</p></list-item><list-item><p>= <italic>Phyllosticta betae</italic> Oudem., Ned. Kruidk. Arch. Ser. 2, 2: 181. 1877.</p></list-item><list-item><p>= <italic>Gloeosporium betae</italic> Dearn. & E.T. Barthol., Mycologia 9: 356. 1917.</p></list-item></list><p id="P239"><italic>Specimens examined</italic>: <bold>Netherlands</bold>, Wageningen, from <italic>Beta vulgaris</italic> (<italic>Chenopodiaceae</italic>), Sep. 1966, M.M.J. Dorenbosch, <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=-16156&link_type=cbs">CBS H-16156</ext-link>, culture <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=523.66&link_type=cbs">CBS 523.66</ext-link> = IHEM 3915 = PD 66/270; from <italic>Beta vulgaris</italic>, 1977, G.H. Boerema, <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=109410&link_type=cbs">CBS 109410</ext-link> =PD 77/113.</p><p id="P240"><italic>Note</italic>: The name <italic>Phoma betae</italic> A.B. Frank has been conserved against <italic>Phyllosticta tabifica</italic> and any combination based on that name (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R91">Shoemaker & Redhead 1999</xref>).</p><p id="P241"><bold><italic>Pleospora calvescens</italic></bold> (Fr.) Tul. & C. Tul., Selecta Fung. Carpol. (Paris) 2: 266. 1863.</p><p id="P242"><italic>Basionym</italic>: <italic>Sphaeria calvescens</italic> Fr., Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot. Ser. 2, 19: 353. 1843.</p><list list-type="simple"><list-item><list list-type="simple"><list-item><p>≡ <italic>Leptosphaeria calvescens</italic> (Fr.) Sacc., Syll. fung. 2: 24. 1883.</p></list-item><list-item><p>≡ <italic>Pyrenophora calvescens</italic> (Fr.) Sacc., Syll. fung. 2: 279. 1883.</p></list-item></list></list-item><list-item><p>= <italic>Chaetodiplodia caulina</italic> P. Karst., Hedwigia 23: 62. 1884.</p><list list-type="simple"><list-item><p>≡ <italic>Ascochyta caulina</italic> (P. Karst.) v.d. Aa & Kesteren, Persoonia 10: 271. 1979.</p></list-item></list></list-item><list-item><p>= <italic>Microdiplodia henningsii</italic> Staritz, Hedwigia 53: 163. 1913.</p></list-item></list><p id="P243"><italic>Specimens examined</italic>: <bold>Germany</bold>, Munkmarsch, from leaf spots in <italic>Atriplex hastata</italic> (<italic>Chenopodiaceae</italic>), 20 July 1977, G.H. Boerema, <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=-8980&link_type=cbs">CBS H-8980</ext-link>, culture <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=246.79&link_type=cbs">CBS 246.79</ext-link> = PD 77/655. <bold>Netherlands</bold>, Texel, from dead stem of <italic>Atriplex hastata,</italic> June 1978, H.A. van der Aa, <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=-8976&link_type=cbs">CBS H-8976</ext-link>, culture <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=343.78&link_type=cbs">CBS 343.78</ext-link>.</p><p id="P244"><italic>Note:</italic> For additional synonyms see Boerema <italic>et al.</italic> (1993).</p><p id="P245"><bold><italic>Pleospora chenopodii</italic></bold> Ellis & Kellerman, J. Mycol. 4: 26. 1888.</p><list list-type="simple"><list-item><p>= <italic>Diplodia hyalospora</italic> Cooke & Ellis, Grevillea 7: 5. 1878 (not <italic>Pleospora hyalospora</italic> Ellis & Everh., Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia. 42: 238. 1890).</p><list list-type="simple"><list-item><p>≡ <italic>Ascochyta hyalospora</italic> (Cooke & Ellis) Boerema, S.B. Mathur & Neerg., Netherlands J. Pl. Pathol. 83: 156. 1977.</p></list-item></list></list-item><list-item><p>= <italic>Diplodina ellisii</italic> Sacc., Syll Fung. 3: 417. 1884</p></list-item></list><p id="P246"><italic>Specimens examined</italic>: <bold>Bolivia</bold>, isolated from <italic>Chenopodium quinoa</italic> (<italic>Chenopodiaceae</italic>), 1974, S.B. Mathur, <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=-9051&link_type=cbs">CBS H-9051</ext-link>, <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=-9052&link_type=cbs">CBS H-9052</ext-link>, culture <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=206.80&link_type=cbs">CBS 206.80</ext-link> = PD 74/1022. <bold>Netherlands</bold>, Zoutelande, from <italic>Atriplex hastata</italic> (<italic>Chenopodiaceae</italic>), Aug. 1968, H.A. van Kesteren, <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=344.78&link_type=cbs">CBS 344.78</ext-link> = PD 68/682.</p><p id="P247"><italic>Note</italic>: Isolate <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=344.78&link_type=cbs">CBS 344.78</ext-link> was originally identified as <italic>Ascochyta caulina</italic> but was identical to <italic>Pleospora chenopodii</italic> in the present study.</p><p id="P248"><bold><italic>Pleospora fallens</italic></bold> (Sacc.) Gruyter & Verkley, <bold>comb. nov.</bold> MycoBank <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=MB564782&link_type=mb">MB564782</ext-link>.</p><p id="P249"><italic>Basionym</italic>: <italic>Phoma fallens</italic> Sacc., Syll. Fung. 10: 146. 1892.</p><list list-type="simple"><list-item><p>= <italic>Phyllosticta glaucispora</italic> Delacr., Bull. Soc. Mycol. France 9: 266. 1893.</p><list list-type="simple"><list-item><p>≡ <italic>Phoma glaucispora</italic> (Delacr.) Noordel. & Boerema, Versl. Meded. Plantenziektenk. Dienst Wageningen 166 (Jaarb. 1987): 108. 1989 (“1988”).</p></list-item></list></list-item><list-item><p>= <italic>Phyllosticta oleandri</italic> Gutner, Trudy Bot. Inst. Akad. Nauk S.S.S.R., Ser. 2, Sporov. Rast. 1: 306. 1933.</p></list-item></list><p id="P250"><italic>Specimens examined</italic>: <bold>Italy</bold>, Capri, Villa Jovis, from a leaf spot of <italic>Nerium oleander</italic> (<italic>Apogynaceae</italic>), <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=-16639&link_type=cbs">CBS H-16639</ext-link>, culture <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=284.70&link_type=cbs">CBS 284.70</ext-link> = PD 97/2400. <bold>New Zealand</bold>, Levin, from leaf spot of <italic>Olea europaea</italic> (<italic>Oleaceae</italic>), 1978, G.F. Laundon, <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=161.78&link_type=cbs">CBS 161.78</ext-link> = LEV 1131.</p><p id="P251"><bold><italic>Pleospora flavigena</italic> (</bold>Constantinou & Aa) Gruyter & Verkley, <bold>comb. nov.</bold> MycoBank <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=MB564783&link_type=mb">MB564783</ext-link>.</p><p id="P252"><italic>Basionym</italic>: <italic>Phoma flavigena</italic> Constantinou & Aa, Trans. Brit. Mycol. Soc. 79: 343. 1982.</p><p id="P253"><italic>Specimen examined</italic>: <bold>Romania</bold>, Bucuresti, isolated from water, 1980, K. Fodor, <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=-1418&link_type=cbs">CBS H-1418</ext-link>, <bold>holotype</bold> of <italic>Phoma flavigena</italic> Constantinou & Aa, culture ex-holotype <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=314.80&link_type=cbs">CBS 314.80</ext-link> = PD 91/1613.</p><p id="P254"><bold><italic>Pleospora halimiones</italic></bold> Gruyter & Verkley, <bold>nom. nov.</bold> MycoBank <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=MB564784&link_type=mb">MB564784</ext-link>.</p><list list-type="simple"><list-item><list list-type="simple"><list-item><p>≡ <italic>Diplodina obiones</italic> Jaap (as “<italic>obionis</italic>”), Verh. Bot. Vereins Prov. Brandenburg 47: 96. 1905 (not <italic>Pleopora obiones</italic> P. Crouan & H. Crouan, Fl. Finistère: 22. 1867).</p></list-item><list-item><p>≡ <italic>Ascochytula obiones</italic> (Jaap) Died., Ann. Mycol. 10: 141. 1912.</p></list-item><list-item><p>≡ <italic>Ascochyta obiones</italic> (Jaap) P.K. Buchanan, Mycol. Pap. 156: 28 1987.</p></list-item></list></list-item><list-item><p>= <italic>Coniothyrium obiones</italic> Jaap (as “<italic>obionis</italic>”), Schriften Naturwiss. Vereins Schleswig-Holstein 14: 29. 1907.</p></list-item></list><p id="P255"><italic>Specimens examined</italic>: <bold>Netherlands</bold>, Texel, from leaf spots in <italic>Halimione portulacoides</italic> (<italic>Chenopodiaceae</italic>), 27 Oct. 1968, H.A. van der Aa, <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=-9127&link_type=cbs">CBS H-9127</ext-link>, <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=-9129&link_type=cbs">CBS H-9129</ext-link>, culture <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=786.68&link_type=cbs">CBS 786.68</ext-link>; Texel, De Cocksdorp, from dead stems of <italic>Halimione portulacoides</italic>, 6 July 1977, H.A. van der Aa, <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=-9126&link_type=cbs">CBS H-9126</ext-link>, <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=-9125&link_type=cbs">CBS H-9125</ext-link>, culture <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=432.77&link_type=cbs">CBS 432.77</ext-link> = IMI 282137.</p><p id="P256"><italic>Notes</italic>: Isolate <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=453.68&link_type=cbs">CBS 453.68</ext-link> preserved as <italic>Chaetodiplodia</italic> sp. and also isolated from dying stems and leaf sheaths of <italic>Halimione portulacoides</italic> on Texel, is not the same as <italic>Pleo. halimiones</italic> and is probably a different species.</p><p id="P257"><bold><italic>Pleospora herbarum</italic></bold> (Pers.) Rabenh., Bot. Zeitung (Berlin) 15: 428. 1857; Klotzschii Herb. Viv. Mycol. 2: no. 547 (1854.)</p><p id="P258"><italic>Basionym</italic>: <italic>Sphaeria herbarum</italic> Pers., Syn. Meth. Fung. 1: 78. 1801.</p><list list-type="simple"><list-item><p>= <italic>Stemphylium herbarum</italic> E.G. Simmons, Sydowia 38: 291. 1986 (1985).</p></list-item></list><p id="P259"><italic>Specimen examined</italic>: <bold>India</bold>, Uttar Pradesh, from a leaf of <italic>Medicago sativa</italic> (<italic>Fabaceae</italic>), 1986 (isolated in 1983), E.G. Simmons, <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=191.86&link_type=cbs">CBS 191.86</ext-link> = IMI 276975.</p><p id="P260"><italic>Note</italic>: This isolate is the ex-type culture of <italic>Stemphylium herbarum</italic>.</p><p id="P261"><bold><italic>Pleospora incompta</italic></bold> (Sacc. & Martelli) Gruyter & Verkley, <bold>comb. nov.</bold> MycoBank <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=MB564785&link_type=mb">MB564785</ext-link>.</p><p id="P262"><italic>Basionym</italic>: <italic>Phoma incompta</italic> Sacc. & Martelli, Syll. Fung. 10: 146. 1892.</p><p id="P263"><italic>Specimens examined</italic>: <bold>Greece</bold>, Crete, from branch of <italic>Olea europaea</italic> (<italic>Oleaceae</italic>), 1976, N. Malathrakis, <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=-16394&link_type=cbs">CBS H-16394</ext-link>, culture <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=467.76&link_type=cbs">CBS 467.76</ext-link>. <bold>Italy</bold>, from branch of <italic>Olea europaea</italic>, Mar. 1982, <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=-16392&link_type=cbs">CBS H-16392</ext-link>, culture <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=526.82&link_type=cbs">CBS 526.82</ext-link>.</p><p id="P264"><bold><italic>Pleospora typhicola</italic></bold> (Cooke) Sacc., Syll. Fung. 2: 264. 1883.</p><p id="P265"><italic>Basionym</italic>: <italic>Sphaeria typhicola</italic> Cooke, Grevillea 5: 121. 1877.</p><list list-type="simple"><list-item><list list-type="simple"><list-item><p>≡ <italic>Clathrospora typhicola</italic> (Cooke) Höhn., Ann. Mycol. 16: 88. 1918.</p></list-item><list-item><p>≡ <italic>Pyrenophora typhicola</italic> (Cooke) E. Müll., Sydowia 5: 256. 1951.</p></list-item><list-item><p>≡ <italic>Macrospora typhicola</italic> (Cooke) Shoemaker & C.E. Babc., Canad. J. Bot. 70: 1644. 1992.</p></list-item></list></list-item><list-item><p><italic>= Phyllosticta typhina</italic> Sacc. & Malbr., Sacc., Michelia 2: 88. 1880.</p><list list-type="simple"><list-item><p>≡ <italic>Phoma typhina</italic> (Sacc. & Malbr.) van der Aa & Vanev, A revision of the species described in <italic>Phyllosticta</italic>: 468. 2002.</p></list-item></list></list-item><list-item><p>= <italic>Phoma typharum</italic> Sacc., Syll. Fung. 3: 163. 1884.</p></list-item></list><p id="P266"><italic>Specimens examined</italic>: <bold>Netherlands,</bold> Texel, from dead leaves of <italic>Typha angustifolia</italic> (<italic>Typhaceae</italic>), 1969, W. Gams, <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=-16597&link_type=cbs">CBS H-16597</ext-link>, culture <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=132.69&link_type=cbs">CBS 132.69</ext-link>; Staverden, from leaf spots of <italic>Typha</italic> sp., 24 June 1972, G.S. de Hoog, <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=-16598&link_type=cbs">CBS H-16598</ext-link>, culture <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=602.72&link_type=cbs">CBS 602.72</ext-link>.</p><sec id="S14"><title>Phoma-like anamorphs excluded from the suborder <italic>Pleosporineae</italic></title><p id="P267"><bold><italic>Montagnulaceae</italic></bold> M.E. Barr, Mycotaxon 77: 194. 2001.</p><p id="P268"><bold><italic>Paraconiothyrium</italic></bold> Verkley, Stud. Mycol. 50: 327. 2004.</p><p id="P269"><italic>Type species</italic>: <italic>Paraconiothyrium estuarinum</italic> Verkley & M. da Silva, Stud. Mycol. 50: 327. 2004.</p><p id="P270"><bold><italic>Paraconiothyrium flavescens</italic> (</bold>Gruyter, Noordel. & Boerema) Verkley & Gruyter, <bold>comb. nov.</bold> MycoBank <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=MB564786&link_type=mb">MB564786</ext-link>.</p><p id="P271"><italic>Basionym</italic>: <italic>Phoma flavescens</italic> Gruyter, Noordel. & Boerema, Persoonia 15(3): 375. 1993.</p><p id="P272"><italic>Specimen examined</italic>: <bold>Netherlands</bold>, Nagele, from soil, rhizosphere of <italic>Solanum tuberosum</italic> (<italic>Solanaceae</italic>), <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=178.93&link_type=cbs">CBS 178.93</ext-link> = PD 82/1062.</p><p id="P273"><bold><italic>Paraconiothyrium fuckelii</italic></bold> (Sacc.) Verkley & Gruyter, <bold>comb. nov.</bold> MycoBank <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=MB564787&link_type=mb">MB564787</ext-link>.</p><p id="P274"><italic>Basionym</italic>: <italic>Coniothyrium fuckelii</italic> Sacc., Nuovo Giorn. Bot. Ital. 8: 200. 1876; Michelia 1: 207. 1878</p><list list-type="simple"><list-item><p>≡ <italic>Clisosporium fuckelii</italic> (Sacc.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 3: 458. 1898.</p></list-item><list-item><p>≡ <italic>Microsphaeropsis fuckelii</italic> (Sacc.) Boerema, 2003, Persoonia 18: 160. 2003.</p></list-item></list><p id="P275"><italic>Specimen examined</italic>: <bold>Denmark</bold>, Geelskov, from a dead stem of <italic>Rubus</italic> sp. (<italic>Rosaceae</italic>), 1995, A.M. Dahl-Jensen, <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=797.95&link_type=cbs">CBS 797.95</ext-link>.</p><p id="P276"><italic>Notes</italic>: <italic>Coniothyrium fuckelii</italic> var. <italic>sporulosum</italic> has been redisposed as <italic>Paraconiothyrium sporulosum</italic> (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R98">Verkley <italic>et al.</italic> 2004</xref>) and it is clearly different from <italic>Paraconiothyrium fuckelii</italic> (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R41">Damm <italic>et al</italic>. 2008</xref>).</p><p id="P277"><bold><italic>Paraconiothyrium fusco-maculans</italic></bold> (Sacc.) Verkley & Gruyter, <bold>comb. nov.</bold> MycoBank <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=MB564788&link_type=mb">MB564788</ext-link>.</p><p id="P278"><italic>Basionym</italic>: <italic>Phoma fusco-maculans</italic> Sacc., Michelia 2: 275. 1881</p><list list-type="simple"><list-item><p>≡ <italic>Plenodomus fusco-maculans</italic> (Sacc.) Coons, J. Agric. Res. 5: 714. 1916.</p></list-item></list><p id="P279"><italic>Specimens examined</italic>: <bold>Italy</bold>, Selva, from decorticated wood of <italic>Malus pumila</italic> (<italic>Rosaceae</italic>), Oct. 1880, PAD, <bold>holotype</bold> of <italic>Phoma fusco-maculans</italic> Sacc. <bold>USA</bold>, from wood of <italic>Malus</italic> sp. (<italic>Rosaceae</italic>), July 1916, G.H. Coons, <bold>epitype designated here</bold><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=-20825&link_type=cbs">CBS H-20825</ext-link>, culture ex-epitype <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=116.16&link_type=cbs">CBS 116.16</ext-link>.</p><p id="P280"><italic>Notes</italic>: <italic>Plenodomus fusco-maculans</italic> was discussed by Boerema & Loerakker (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R23">1985</xref>) and de Gruyter <italic>et al</italic>. (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R55">2010</xref>). The holotype of the basionym <italic>Aposphaeria fusco-maculans</italic> was studied and considered to be <italic>Aposphaeria pulviscula</italic> (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R25">Boerema <italic>et al</italic>. 1996</xref>). However, the description of <italic>A. fusco-maculans</italic> given by Boerema <italic>et al</italic>. (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R25">1996</xref>) fits the generic concept of <italic>Paraconiothyrium,</italic> in congruence with the molecular phylogeny of the culture <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=116.16&link_type=cbs">CBS 116.16</ext-link>.</p><p id="P281"><bold><italic>Paraconiothyrium lini</italic></bold> (Pass.) Verkley & Gruyter, <bold>comb. nov.</bold> MycoBank <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=MB564789&link_type=mb">MB564789</ext-link>.</p><p id="P282"><italic>Basionym</italic>: <italic>Phoma lini</italic> Pass., Diagn. Funghi Nuovi 4, No. 81. 1890.</p><p id="P283"><italic>Specimen examined</italic>: <bold>Netherlands</bold>, from Wisconsin tank, 1970, <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=253.92&link_type=cbs">CBS 253.92</ext-link> = PD 70/998.</p><p id="P284"><bold><italic>Paraconiothyrium maculicutis</italic></bold> Verkley & Gruyter, <bold>sp. nov.</bold> MycoBank <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=MB564796&link_type=mb">MB564796</ext-link>. <xref ref-type="fig" rid="F6">Fig. 6</xref>.</p><fig id="F6" position="float"><label>Fig. 6.</label><caption><p><italic>Paraconiothyrium maculicutis</italic> sp. nov. <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=101461&link_type=cbs">CBS 101461</ext-link>. A-B. Fourteen day old cultures on OA (A) and MA (B). C-D. Pycnidia. E. Phoma-like conidiogenous cells. F-G. Conidia, initially hyaline to pale olivaceous (F), then becoming olivaceous (G). Scale bars: C-D = 20 μm; E = 10 μm; F-G = 5 μm.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="1fig6"></graphic></fig><p id="P285"><italic>Etymology</italic>: Latin, cutis = skin; maculae = spots.</p><p id="P286"><italic>Pycnidia in vitro</italic> 50-125 μm diam, globose to subglobose, glabrous or with mycelial outgrowth, scattered, non-ostiolate or ostiolate, pycnidial wall made up of 5-7 layers of cells. <italic>Conidiogenous cells</italic> 1.5-3 × 0.5-2.5 μm, indeterminate or ampulliform to filiform in a later state, up to 10 μm in length. <italic>Conidia</italic> 1.5-2.5 × 0.5-1.5 μm, ellipsoidal, initially hyaline, then discolouring to olivaceous.</p><p id="P287"><italic>Description in vitro</italic>: <italic>Colonies</italic> on OA 50-52 mm diam after 7 d, margin entire; colony olivaceous buff to greenish olivaceous/grey olivaceous, with greenish olivaceous to pale olivaceous grey, finely floccose to woolly aerial mycelium; reverse smoke-grey to greenish olivaceous, with olivaceous patches. Colonies on MEA 43-44 mm diam after 7 d, margin entire; colony pale olivaceous grey to greenish olivaceous, with isabelline to cinnamon at centre, with compact pale olivaceous grey, finely floccose to woolly aerial mycelium; reverse buff to honey, isabelline to olivaceous near margin. <italic>Pycnidia</italic> globose to subglobose, olivaceous to brick, finally olivaceous black, scattered, mainly on the agar, 50-125 μm diam, glabrous or with mycelial outgrowth, non-ostiolate or ostiolate, pycnidial wall made up of 5-7 layers of cells. <italic>Conidiogenous cells</italic> 1.5-3 × 0.5-2.5 μm, ampulliform to filiform in a later state, up to 10 μm in length. <italic>Conidia</italic> 1.5-2.5 × 0.5-1.5 μm, av. 1 × 2 μm, length/width ratio = 1.5-3.2, av. 2.2, ellipsoidal, initially hyaline, then discolouring to olivaceous. <italic>Chlamydospores</italic> absent. NaOH spot test: negative. <italic>Crystals</italic> absent.</p><p id="P288"><italic>Specimen examined</italic>: <bold>USA</bold>, Texas; San Antonio<bold>,</bold> Fort Sam Houston, from human, cutaneous lesions, 1989, D.P. Dooley, <bold>holotype</bold><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=-20824&link_type=cbs">CBS H-20824</ext-link>, culture ex-holotype <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=101461&link_type=cbs">CBS 101461</ext-link> =IMI 320754 = UTHSC 87-144.</p><p id="P289"><italic>Notes</italic>: Isolate <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=101461&link_type=cbs">CBS 101461</ext-link> was identified as <italic>Pleurophoma pleurospora</italic> (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R43">Dooly <italic>et al</italic>. 1989</xref>). However, <italic>in vitro</italic> data and the molecular phylogeny demonstrate that this isolate does not belong to <italic>Pleurophoma pleurospora</italic>, see below, and therefore is described as a new species in the genus <italic>Paraconiothyrium</italic>.</p><p id="P290"><bold><italic>Paraconiothyrium minitans</italic></bold> (W.A. Campb.) Verkley, Stud. Mycol. 50: 332. 2004.</p><p id="P291"><italic>Basionym</italic>: <italic>Coniothyrium minitans</italic> W.A. Campb., Mycologia 39: 191. 1947.</p><p id="P292"><italic>Specimens examined</italic>: <bold>Netherlands</bold>, Boskoop, from stem of <italic>Clematis</italic> sp. (<italic>Ranunculaceae</italic>), 1999, J. de Gruyter, <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=122786&link_type=cbs">CBS 122786</ext-link> =PD 99/1064-1. <bold>UK</bold>, <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=122788&link_type=cbs">CBS 122788</ext-link> =PD 07/03486739.</p><p id="P293"><bold><italic>Paraconiothyrium tiliae</italic></bold> (F. Rudolphi) Verkley & Gruyter, <bold>comb. nov.</bold> MycoBank <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=MB564790&link_type=mb">MB564790</ext-link>.</p><p id="P294"><italic>Basionym</italic>: <italic>Asteroma tiliae</italic> F. Rudolphi, Linnaea 4: 514. 1829.</p><list list-type="simple"><list-item><p>≡ <italic>Asteromella tiliae</italic> (F. Rudolphi) Butin & Kehr, Mycol. Res. 99: 1193. 1995, nom. inval., Art. 33.4.</p></list-item></list><p id="P295"><italic>Specimen examined</italic>: <bold>Austria</bold>, Amlach, from a leaf of <italic>Tilia platyphyllos</italic> (<italic>Tiliaceae</italic>), 10 Sep. 1993, H. Butin, <bold>neotype</bold> IMI 362854, <bold>lectotype designated here</bold><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=-20826&link_type=cbs">CBS H-20826</ext-link>, culture ex-lectotype <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=265.94&link_type=cbs">CBS 265.94</ext-link>.</p><p id="P296"><bold><italic>Pleurophoma pleurospora</italic></bold> (Sacc.) Höhn., Sitzungsber. Kaiserl. Akad. Wiss., Math.-Naturwiss. Cl., Abt. 1. 123: 117. 1914. <xref ref-type="fig" rid="F7">Fig. 7</xref>.</p><fig id="F7" position="float"><label>Fig. 7.</label><caption><p><italic>Pleurophoma pleurospora</italic>. <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=130329&link_type=cbs">CBS 130329</ext-link>. A-B. Fourteen day old cultures on OA (A) and MA (B). C. Pycnidia. D-H. Conidiogenous cells, septate conidiophores with acropleurogenous conidiogenesis (D-G) or phoma-like (H). I. Conidia. Scale bars: C = 50 μm; D-G, I = 10 μm; H = 5 μm.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="1fig7"></graphic></fig><p id="P297"><italic>Basionym</italic>: <italic>Dendrophoma pleurospora</italic> Sacc., Michelia 2: 97. 1880.</p><p id="P298"><italic>Description in vitro</italic>: <italic>Colonies</italic> on OA 14-18 mm diam after 7 d (18-28 mm after 14 d), margin entire to undulate; colony greenish olivaceous/olivaceous to rosy-buff and sepia, with white, felty aerial mycelium; reverse olivaceous grey to greenish olivaceous/olivaceous. Colonies on MEA 11-16 mm diam after 7 d (19-29 mm after 14 d), colony margin undulate; colony pale olivaceous grey/olivaceous grey to dark mouse-grey with rosy-buff tinges, with white, floccose, compact aerial mycelium, reverse umber/brown olivaceous to olivaceous/olivaceous black. <italic>Pycnidia</italic> globose to subglobose,olivaceous to olivaceous black, abundant, scattered, mainly on the agar, 30-120 μm diam, solitary or aggregated, covered by mycelial outgrowths or setae-like hyphae, up to 50 μm, non-papillated, without or with ostiole, walls made up of 2-5 layers of cells, outer layer(s) pigmented; conidial exudate not observed. <italic>Conidiogenous cells</italic> of two types; ampulliform to doliiform, 4-6.5 × 2-5.5 μm, or filiform, septate, branched, acropleurogenous, up to 60 μm long. <italic>Conidia</italic> 3.5-5.5 × 1.5-2.5 μm, av. 4.5 × 2 μm, length/width ratio = 1.5-3, av. 2.1, cylindrical to oblong, without or with some minute, polar orientated guttules. <italic>Chlamydospores</italic> absent. NaOH spot test: a weak reddish discolouring may occur on MA, not specific. <italic>Crystals</italic> absent.</p><p id="P299"><italic>Specimens examined</italic>: <bold>France</bold>, Perpignan, from leaf of <italic>Laurus nobilis</italic> (<italic>Lauraceae</italic>), PAD, <bold>holotype</bold> of <italic>Dendrophoma pleurospora</italic> Sacc. <bold>Netherlands</bold>, from wood of <italic>Lonicera</italic> sp. (<italic>Caprifoliaceae</italic>), <bold>lectotype designated here</bold><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=-20626&link_type=cbs">CBS H-20626</ext-link>, culture ex-lectotype <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=130329&link_type=cbs">CBS 130329</ext-link> =PD 82/371; Molenhoek, Heumense Schans, from twig lesions of <italic>Cytisus scoparius</italic> (<italic>Fabaceae</italic>), 23 Aug. 2004, G. Verkley & M. Starink, <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=116668&link_type=cbs">CBS 116668</ext-link>.</p><p id="P300"><italic>Notes</italic>: A specimen derived from isolate <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=130329&link_type=cbs">CBS 130329</ext-link> is assigned here as lectotype of <italic>Pleurophoma pleurospora,</italic> the type species of the genus (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R58">von Höhnel 1914</xref>). The species is known from branches and bare wood of trees and shrubs (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R95">Sutton 1980</xref>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R25">Boerema <italic>et al.</italic> 1996</xref>) and the isolate from <italic>Cytisus scoparius</italic> demonstrates that the species also may occur on green twigs. The isolates showed two types of conidiogenesis characteristic for the genus <italic>Pleurophoma</italic>; phoma-like, ampulliform to doliiform conidiogenous cells, as well as pyrenochaeta-like branched, filiform, septate, acropleurogenous. As a result, species of the genus <italic>Pleurophoma</italic> can easily be confused with taxa classified in the genera <italic>Phoma, Paraphoma, Pyrenochaeta</italic> and <italic>Pyrenochaetopsis</italic>.</p><p id="P301"><bold><italic>Paraphaeosphaeria michotii</italic> (</bold>Westend.) O.E. Erikss., Arkiv før Botanik 6: 406. 1967.</p><p id="P302"><italic>Basionym</italic>: <italic>Sphaeria michotii</italic> Westend., Bull. Acad. Roy. Sci. Belgique Ser. 2, 7: 87. 1859.</p><p id="P303"><italic>Specimen examined</italic>: <bold>Switzerland</bold>, Kt. Obwalden, from <italic>Typha latifolia</italic> (<italic>Typhaceae</italic>), 18 May 1980, A. Leuchtmann, <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=652.86&link_type=cbs">CBS 652.86</ext-link> = ETH 9483.</p><p id="P304"><bold><italic>Massarinaceae</italic></bold> Munk, Friesia 5: 305. 1956.</p><p id="P305"><bold><italic>Byssothecium circinans</italic></bold> Fuckel, Bot. Zeitung (Berlin) 19: 251. 1861.</p><list list-type="simple"><list-item><list list-type="simple"><list-item><p>≡ <italic>Leptosphaeria circinans</italic> (Fuckel) Sacc., Syll. Fung. 2: 88. 1883.</p></list-item><list-item><p>≡ <italic>Passeriniella circinans</italic> (Fuckel) Sacc., Syll. Fung. 11: 326. 1895.</p></list-item><list-item><p>≡ <italic>Trematosphaeria circinans</italic> (Fuckel) G. Winter, Rabenh. Krypt.-Fl., ed 1(2): 277. 1887.</p></list-item><list-item><p>≡ <italic>Heptameria circinans</italic> (Fuckel) Cooke, Grevillea 18: 30. 1889.</p></list-item></list></list-item><list-item><p>= <italic>Melanomma vindelicorum</italic> Rehm, Ber. Nat. Ver. Augsburg: 116. 1881.</p><list list-type="simple"><list-item><p>≡ <italic>Trematosphaeria vindelicorum</italic> (Rehm) Sacc., Syll. Fung. 2: 122. 1883.</p></list-item></list></list-item></list><p id="P306"><italic>Specimen examined</italic>: <bold>USA</bold>, South Dakota, from rotten crown of <italic>Medicago sativa</italic> (<italic>Fabaceae</italic>), G. Semeniuk, <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=675.92&link_type=cbs">CBS 675.92</ext-link> = ATCC 52767 = ATCC 52678 = IMI 266220.</p><p id="P307"><bold><italic>Massarina eburnea</italic></bold> (Tul. & C. Tul.) Sacc., Syll. Fung. 2: 153. 1883.</p><p id="P308"><italic>Basionym</italic>: <italic>Massaria eburnea</italic> Tul. & C. Tul., Select. Fung. Carpol. (Paris) 2: 239. 1863.</p><p id="P309"><italic>Specimens examined</italic>: <bold>Switzerland</bold>, Zürich, from <italic>Fagus sylvatica</italic> (<italic>Fagaceae</italic>), S.K. Bose, <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=473.64&link_type=cbs">CBS 473.64</ext-link> = ETH 2945. <bold>UK</bold>, Wales, isolated from dead branch of <italic>Fagus sylvatica</italic>, HHUF 26621, JCM 14422 = H3953.</p><p id="P310"><bold><italic>Neottiosporina paspali</italic></bold> (G.F. Atk.) B. Sutton & Alcorn, Austral. J. Bot. 22: 519. 1974.</p><p id="P311"><italic>Basionym</italic>: <italic>Stagonospora paspali</italic> G.F. Atk., Bull. Cornell Univ. (Science) 3: 33. 1897.</p><p id="P312"><italic>Specimen examined</italic>: <bold>USA</bold>, Florida, from <italic>Paspalum notatum</italic> (<italic>Poaceae</italic>), Oct. 1937, R.K. Voorhees, <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=331.37&link_type=cbs">CBS 331.37</ext-link>.</p><p id="P313"><bold><italic>Trematosphaeriaceae</italic></bold> Suetrong <italic>et al</italic>. Cryptogamie Mycol. 32: 347. 2011.</p><p id="P314"><bold><italic>Falciformispora lignatilis</italic></bold> K.D. Hyde, Mycol. Res. 96: 27. 1992.</p><p id="P315"><italic>Specimen examined</italic>: <bold>Thailand</bold>, Pinruan Ban Bang, from <italic>Elaeis guineensis</italic> (<italic>Arecaceae</italic>), BCC 21118.</p><p id="P316"><bold><italic>Medicopsis</italic></bold> Gruyter, Verkley & Crous, <bold>gen. nov.</bold> MycoBank <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=MB564791&link_type=mb">MB564791</ext-link>.</p><p id="P317"><italic>Etymology</italic>: refers to Medi-medica, Latin, -opsis, refers to, Greek. The description of the type species as the cause of a mycetoma suggest this is a human pathogen. However, the mycetoma described was secondary to a wound produced by a thorn of Palito blanco tree, and the species was found later on <italic>Hordeum vulgare</italic>.</p><p id="P318"><italic>Pycnidia</italic> solitary or confluent, on upper surface of the agar, globose to pyriform with elongated neck, setose, ostiolate, olivaceous to olivaceous-black, the wall with pseudoparenchymatal cells. <italic>Conidiogenous cells</italic> hyaline, phialidic, ampulliform to doliiform, to elongated. <italic>Conidia</italic> sub-hyaline to yellowish, ellipsoid, aseptate, catenulate.</p><p id="P319"><italic>Type species</italic>: <italic>Medicopsis romeroi</italic> (Borelli) Gruyter, Verkley & Crous (see below).</p><p id="P320"><bold><italic>Medicopsis romeroi</italic></bold> (Borelli) Gruyter, Verkley & Crous, <bold>comb. nov.</bold> MycoBank <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=MB564792&link_type=mb">MB564792</ext-link>.</p><p id="P321"><italic>Basionym</italic>: <italic>Pyrenochaeta romeroi</italic> Borelli, Dermatol. Venez. 1: 326. 1959.</p><p id="P322"><italic>Specimens examined</italic>: <bold>Venezuela</bold>, from human, maduromycosis, no date, D. Borelli, UAMH 2892, <bold>holotype</bold> of <italic>Pyrenochaeta romeroi</italic> Borelli, culture ex-holotype <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=252.60&link_type=cbs">CBS 252.60</ext-link> = ATCC 13735 = FMC 151 = UAMH 10841. Country unknown, from <italic>Hordeum vulgare</italic> (<italic>Poaceae</italic>), 1984, M.M.J. Dorenbosch, <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=122784&link_type=cbs">CBS 122784</ext-link> =PD 84/1022.</p><p id="P323"><italic>Notes</italic>: The species was described as a human pathogen of tropical origin, and it may cause suppurative subcutaneous or deep nonmycetomatous infections, or a subcutaneous phaeohyphomycotic cyst (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R6">Badali <italic>et al.</italic> 2010</xref>). However, the species also occurs in plant material.</p><p id="P324"><bold><italic>Trematosphaeria pertusa</italic></bold> (Pers.) Fuckel, Jahrb. Nassauischen Vereins Naturk 23-24: 161. 1870.</p><p id="P325"><italic>Basionym: Sphaeria pertusa</italic> Pers., Syn. Meth. Fung. 1: 83. 1801.</p><p id="P326"><italic>Specimen examined</italic>: <bold>France</bold>, Deux Sèvres, from bark of a dead stump of <italic>Fraxinus excelsior</italic> (<italic>Oleaceae</italic>), 25 Apr. 2004, Jacques Fournier, <bold>epitype</bold> IFRD 2002, culture ex-epitype <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=122368&link_type=cbs">CBS 122368</ext-link>.</p><p id="P327"><italic>Note</italic>: The epitype IFRD 2002 was designated by Zhang <italic>et al.</italic> (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R112">2008</xref>).</p><p id="P328"><bold><italic>Lentitheciaceae</italic></bold> Yin. Zhang, C.L. Schoch, J. Fourn., Crous & K.D. Hyde, Stud. Mycol. 64: 93. 2009.</p><p id="P329"><bold><italic>Splanchnonema platani</italic></bold> (Ces.) M.E. Barr, Mycotaxon 15: 364. 1982.</p><p id="P330"><italic>Basionym</italic>: <italic>Sphaeria</italic> (<italic>Massaria</italic>) <italic>platani</italic> Ces., in Rabenhorst, Klotzschii Herb. Viv. Mycol.: no. 1842. 1854.</p><p id="P331"><italic>Specimen examined</italic>: <bold>USA</bold>, from <italic>Platanus occidentalis</italic> (<italic>Platanaceae</italic>), Jan. 1937, C.L. Shear, <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=221.37&link_type=cbs">CBS 221.37</ext-link>.</p><p id="P332"><italic>Note</italic>: This taxon was shown by Zhang <italic>et al</italic>. (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R111">2012</xref>) to cluster basal to the <italic>Lentitheciaceae</italic>.</p><p id="P333"><bold><italic>Melanommataceae</italic></bold> G. Winter, Rabenh. Krypt.-Fl., ed 1(2): 220 (1885) [as “<italic>Melanommeae</italic>”]</p><p id="P334"><bold><italic>Aposphaeria corallinolutea</italic></bold> Gruyter, Aveskamp & Verkley, <bold>sp. nov.</bold> MycoBank <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=MB564798&link_type=mb">MB564798</ext-link>. <xref ref-type="fig" rid="F8">Fig. 8</xref>.</p><fig id="F8" position="float"><label>Fig. 8.</label><caption><p><italic>Aposphaeria corallinolutea</italic> sp. nov. <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=131287&link_type=cbs">CBS 131287</ext-link>. A-B. Fourteen day old cultures on OA (A) and MA (B). C-D. Pycnidia. E-H. Conidiogenous cells. I. Conidia. Scale bars: C = 50 μm; D = 20 μm; E-I = 10 μm.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="1fig8"></graphic></fig><p id="P335"><italic>Etymology</italic>: The name refers to the coral coloured colony on OA, and the luteous exudate diffusing into the agar medium.</p><p id="P336"><italic>Pycnidia</italic> in vitro 65-215 μm diam, solitary or aggregated to confluent, globose to subglobose, ostiolate or non-ostiolate. <italic>Conidiogenous cells</italic> 7-9 × 2-4 μm, ampuliform to filiform. <italic>Conidia</italic> 3-5 × 1-2 μm, ellipsoidal to allantoid, eguttulate or with some small, polar guttules.</p><p id="P337"><italic>Description in vitro</italic>: <italic>Colonies</italic> on OA 13-15 mm diam after 14 d, margin entire to somewhat lobated; colony vinaceous to brick, with white at centre, ochraceous near margin due to a diffusible pigment, with white, felty or poorly developed aerial mycelium; reverse cinnamon to brick. Colonies on MEA 15-20 mm diam after 14 d, margin entire to somewhat lobated; colony white with dull green and grey olivaceous sectors and primrose tinges, with white, felty aerial mycelium; reverse sepia to brown olivaceous, greenish grey at centre, white near margin. <italic>Pycnidia</italic> globose to subglobose, olivaceous to brick, then olivaceous black, solitary or aggregated, 65-215 μm diam, non-setose or with short setae-like outgrowths up to 25 μm long, with or without distinct ostiole, pycnidial wall consisting of 3-5 layers of cells. <italic>Conidiogenous cells</italic> 7-9 × 2-4 μm, ampulliform to filiform. <italic>Conidia</italic> 3-5 × 1-2 μm, av. 4 × 1.5 μm, length/width ratio is 1.7-3.3, av. = 2.5, ellipsoidal to allantoid, eguttulate or with some small, polar guttules. <italic>Chlamydospores</italic> absent, NaOH test negative. <italic>Crystals</italic> produced in the agar, small, orange coloured.</p><p id="P338"><italic>Specimens examined</italic>: Net<bold>herlands</bold>, from wood of <italic>Fraxinus excelsior</italic> (<italic>Oleaceae</italic>), 1983, M.M.J. Dorenbosch, <bold>holotype</bold><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=-20625&link_type=cbs">CBS H-20625</ext-link>, culture ex-holotype <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=131287&link_type=cbs">CBS 131287</ext-link> =PD 83/831; from wood of <italic>Kerria japonica</italic> (<italic>Rosaceae</italic>), 1983, M.M.J. Dorenbosch, <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=131286&link_type=cbs">CBS 131286</ext-link> =PD 83/367.</p><p id="P339"><bold><italic>Aposphaeria populina</italic></bold> Died., Krypt.-Fl. Brandenburg 9: 206. 1912 (vol. dated “1915”). <xref ref-type="fig" rid="F9">Fig. 9</xref>.</p><fig id="F9" position="float"><label>Fig. 9.</label><caption><p><italic>Aposphaeria populina</italic>. <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=543.70&link_type=cbs">CBS 543.70</ext-link>. A-B. Fourteen day old cultures on OA (A) and MA (B). C. Pycnidium with mycelial outgrowths (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=130330&link_type=cbs">CBS 130330</ext-link>). D-E. Conidiogenous cells. F. Conidia. Scale bars: C = 20 μm; D-E = 10 μm; F = 5 μm.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="1fig9"></graphic></fig><p id="P340"><italic>Description in vitro</italic>: <italic>Colonies</italic> on OA 21-24 mm diam after 7 d (32-37 mm diam after 14 d), margin entire to undulate; colony grey olivaceous/olivaceous to pale luteous/luteous, with white to pale olivaceous grey, finely felty to woolly aerial mycelium; reverse luteous to orange, greenish olivaceous to olivaceous or grey olivaceous/olivaceous grey to iron-grey, a rosy-buff discolouring near margin may occur. Colonies on MEA 16-20 mm diam after 7 d (30-37 mm diam after 14 d), margin entire to undulate; colony pale olivaceous grey with rosy-vinaceous tinges to peach or olivaceous grey, with white, woolly aerial mycelium; reverse saffron to pale olivaceous/olivaceous grey, sometimes with dark vinaceous tinges, rosy-buff near margin. <italic>Pycnidia</italic> globose to subglobose, olivaceous to olivaceous black, scattered, 55-305 μm diam, glabrous or with mycelial outgrowths, non-ostiolate or ostiolate, pycnidial wall composed of up to 10 layers of cells. <italic>Conidiogenous cells</italic> 5-11.5 × 1.5-3 μm, ampulliform to filiform. <italic>Conidia</italic> hyaline, subglobose to ellipsoidal, with 1-3 minute guttules, 1-2 × 1-1.5 μm, av. 1.5 × 1 μm, length/width ratio is 1.0-2.0, av. = 1.4. <italic>Chlamydospores</italic> and crystals absent, NaOH test negative.</p><p id="P341"><italic>Specimens examined</italic>: <bold>Germany</bold>, Triglitz, from twigs of <italic>Populus canadensis</italic> (<italic>Salicaceae</italic>), Mar. 1904. O. Jaap, B, <bold>holotype</bold>; from branch scars of <italic>Picea abies</italic>, (<italic>Pinaceae</italic>), Feb. 1982, H. von Aufess, <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=350.82&link_type=cbs">CBS 350.82</ext-link>. <bold>Netherlands</bold>, Valkenswaard, from fallen twig of <italic>Populus canadensis</italic> (<italic>Salicaceae</italic>), 23 Mar. 1970, H.A. van der Aa<bold>, epitype designated here</bold><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=-9336&link_type=cbs">CBS H-9336</ext-link>, culture ex lectotype <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=543.70&link_type=cbs">CBS 543.70</ext-link>; from wood of <italic>Cornus mas</italic> (<italic>Cornaceae</italic>), 1984, M.M.J. Dorenbosch, <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=130330&link_type=cbs">CBS 130330</ext-link> =PD 84/221.</p><p id="P342"><bold><italic>Beverwykella pulmonaria</italic></bold> (Beverw.) Tubaki, Trans. Mycol. Soc. Japan 16: 139. 1975.</p><p id="P343"><italic>Basionym</italic>: <italic>Papulaspora pulmonaria</italic> Beverw., Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 20: 11. 1954.</p><p id="P344"><italic>Specimen examined</italic>: <bold>Netherlands</bold>, Baarn, from submerged leaf in rain water barrel of <italic>Fagus sylvatica</italic> (<italic>Fagaceae</italic>), Apr. 1953, A.L. van Beverwijk, culture <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=283.53&link_type=cbs">CBS 283.53</ext-link> = ATCC 32983 = IFO 6800.</p><p id="P345"><bold><italic>Herpotrichia juniperi</italic></bold> (Duby) Petr., Ann. Mycol. 23: 43. 1925.</p><p id="P346"><italic>Basionym</italic>: <italic>Sphaeria juniperi</italic> Duby, Klotzsch. Herb. Vivum Mycol. Sistems Fungorum German., no. 1833. 1854.</p><p id="P347"><italic>Specimen examined</italic>: <bold>Switzerland</bold>, Andermatt, from <italic>Juniperus nana</italic> (<italic>Cupressaceae</italic>), Nov. 1931, E. Gäumann, <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=200.31&link_type=cbs">CBS 200.31</ext-link>.</p><p id="P348"><bold><italic>Melanomma pulvis-pyrius</italic></bold> (Pers.) Fuckel, Jahrb. Nassauischen Vereins Naturk. 23-24: 160. 1870.</p><p id="P349"><italic>Basionym</italic>: <italic>Sphaeria pulvis-pyrius</italic> Pers., Syn. Meth. Fung. 1: 86. 1801.</p><p id="P350"><italic>Specimens examined</italic>: <bold>Belgium</bold>, from wood of <italic>Fagus</italic> sp. (<italic>Fagaceae</italic>), <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=400.97&link_type=cbs">CBS 400.97</ext-link>. <bold>France,</bold> Vosges, Bot. Garden Le Chitelet, from unidentified decaying wood, <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=371.75&link_type=cbs">CBS 371.75</ext-link>.</p><p id="P351"><italic>Notes</italic>: Phoma-like anamorphs have been reported by Chesters (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R32">1938</xref>) and Sivanesan (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R92">1984</xref>), but no anamorphic stage was observed in IFRDCC 2044, <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=109.77&link_type=cbs">CBS 109.77</ext-link> or <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=371.75&link_type=cbs">CBS 371.75</ext-link> after culturing 3 mo on PDA (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R112">Zhang <italic>et al.</italic> 2008</xref>). <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=400.97&link_type=cbs">CBS 400.97</ext-link> was preserved as <italic>Trematosphaeria pertusa</italic>.</p><p id="P352"><bold><italic>Pleomassaria siparia</italic></bold> (Berk. & Broome) Sacc., Syll. Fung. 2: 239. 1883.</p><p id="P353"><italic>Basionym</italic>: <italic>Sphaeria siparia</italic> Berk. & Broome, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. Ser. 2(9): 321. 1852.</p><p id="P354"><italic>Specimen examined</italic>: <bold>Netherlands</bold>, Uden, from dead branch of <italic>Betula verrucosa</italic> (<italic>Betulaceae</italic>), 8 Dec. 1973, W.M. Loerakker, <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=-258&link_type=cbs">CBS H-258</ext-link>, <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=-260&link_type=cbs">CBS H-260</ext-link>, culture <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=279.74&link_type=cbs">CBS 279.74</ext-link>.</p><p id="P355"><bold><italic>Sporormiaceae</italic></bold> Munk, Dansk Bot. Ark. 17(1): 450. 1957, nom. inval., Art. 36.1.</p><p id="P356"><bold><italic> Preussia funiculata</italic></bold> (Preuss) Fuckel, Jahrb. Nassauischen Vereins Naturk. 23-24: 91. 1870 (1869-70).</p><p id="P357"><italic>Basionym</italic>: <italic>Perisporium funiculatum</italic> Preuss, Linnaea 24(1): 143. 1851.</p><p id="P358"><italic>Specimen examined</italic>: <bold>Senegal</bold>, from soil, <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=659.74&link_type=cbs">CBS 659.74</ext-link>.</p><p id="P359"><bold><italic>Sporormiella minima</italic></bold> (Auersw.) S.I. Ahmed & Cain, Canad. J. Bot. 50: 449. 1972.</p><p id="P360"><italic>Basionym</italic>: <italic>Sporormia minima</italic> Auersw., Hedwigia 7: 66. 1868.</p><p id="P361"><italic>Specimen examined</italic>: <bold>Panama</bold>, from dung of goat, <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=524.50&link_type=cbs">CBS 524.50</ext-link>.</p><p id="P362"><bold><italic>Westerdykella</italic></bold> Stolk, Trans. Brit. Mycol. Soc. 38: 422. 1955.</p><p id="P363"><italic>Type species</italic>: <italic>Westerdykella ornata</italic> Stolk, see below.</p><p id="P364"><bold><italic>Westerdykella capitulum</italic></bold> (V.H. Pawar, P.N. Mathur & Thirum) Gruyter, Aveskamp & Verkley, <bold>comb. nov.</bold> MycoBank <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=MB564801&link_type=mb">MB564801</ext-link>.</p><p id="P365"><italic>Basionym</italic>: <italic>Phoma capitulum</italic> V.H. Pawar, P.N. Mathur & Thirum., Trans. Brit. Mycol. Soc. 50: 261. 1967.</p><list list-type="simple"><list-item><list list-type="simple"><list-item><p>≡ <italic>Phoma capitulum</italic> V.H. Pawar & Thirum., Nova Hedwigia 12: 502. 1966 (as “<italic>capitula</italic>”), nom. nud., nom. inval.</p></list-item></list></list-item><list-item><p>= <italic>Phoma ostiolata</italic> V.H. Pawar, P.N. Mathur & Thirum., Trans. Brit. Mycol. Soc. 50: 262. 1967, var. <italic>ostiolata</italic>.</p><list list-type="simple"><list-item><p>≡ <italic>Phoma ostiolata</italic> V.H. Pawar & Thirum., Nova Hedwigia 12: 502. 1966, nom. nud., nom. inval.</p></list-item></list></list-item><list-item><p>= <italic>Phoma ostiolata</italic> var. <italic>brunnea</italic> V.H. Pawar, P.N. Mathur & Thirum., Trans. Brit. Mycol. Soc. 50: 263. 1967.</p><list list-type="simple"><list-item><p>≡ <italic>Phoma ostiolata</italic> var. <italic>brunnea</italic> V.H. Pawar & Thirum., Nova Hedwigia 12: 502. 1966, nom. nud., nom. inval.</p></list-item></list></list-item></list><p id="P366"><italic>Specimen examined</italic>: <bold>India</bold>, Bandra, Bombay, from saline soil, 15 Jan. 1958, M.J. Thirumalachar, <bold>Isotype</bold><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=-7602&link_type=cbs">CBS H-7602</ext-link>, culture ex-isotype <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=337.65&link_type=cbs">CBS 337.65</ext-link> = ATCC 16195 = HACC 167 = IMI 113693 = PD 91/1614.</p><p id="P367"><bold><italic>Westerdykella minutispora</italic></bold> (P.N. Mathur ex Gruyter & Noordel.) Gruyter, Aveskamp & Verkley, <bold>comb. nov.</bold> MycoBank <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=MB564793&link_type=mb">MB564793</ext-link>.</p><p id="P368"><italic>Basionym</italic>: <italic>Phoma minutispora</italic> P.N. Mathur ex Gruyter & Noordel., Persoonia 15: 75. 1992 (as “collection name” originally also referred to Thirumalachar; = depositor).</p><p id="P369"><italic>Replaced synonym</italic>: <italic>Phoma oryzae</italic> Cooke & Massee, Grevillea 16: 15. 1887 (not <italic>Phoma oryzae</italic> Catt., Arch. Triennale Bot. Crittog. Pavia 2-3: 118. 1879, nom. illeg).</p><list list-type="simple"><list-item><p>≡ <italic>Phyllosticta oryzae</italic> (Cooke & Massee) I. Miyake. J. Coll. Agric. Imp. Univ. Tokyo 2: 252. 1910, nom. illeg.</p></list-item></list><p id="P370"><italic>Specimen examined</italic>: <bold>India</bold>, from saline soil, 1977, M.J. Thirumalachar, <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=-5941&link_type=cbs">CBS H-5941</ext-link>, culture <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=509.91&link_type=cbs">CBS 509.91</ext-link> = PD 77/920.</p><p id="P371"><bold><italic>Westerdykella ornata</italic></bold> Stolk, Trans. Brit. Mycol. Soc. 38: 422. 1955.</p><p id="P372"><italic>Specimen examined</italic>: <bold>Mozambique</bold>, from mangrove mud, <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=379.55&link_type=cbs">CBS 379.55</ext-link>.</p><p id="P373"><bold><italic>Didymosphaeriaceae</italic></bold> Munk, Dansk Bot. Ark. 15(2): 128. 1953.</p><p id="P374"><bold><italic>Roussoella hysterioides</italic></bold> (Ces.) Höhn., Sitzungsber. Kaiserl. Akad. Wiss., Math.-Naturwiss. Cl., Abt. 1. 128: 563. 1919.</p><p id="P375"><italic>Basionym</italic>: <italic>Dothidea hysterioides</italic> Ces., Atti Accad. Sci. Fis. 8: 24. 1879.</p><p id="P376"><italic>Specimen examined</italic>: <bold>Japan</bold>, Aomori, Shimokita Yagen, from culms of <italic>Sasa kurilensis</italic> (<italic>Poaceae</italic>)<bold>,</bold> Y. Ooki, culture <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=125434&link_type=cbs">CBS 125434</ext-link> =HH 26988.</p></sec><sec id="S15"><title>Family <italic>incertae sedis</italic></title><p id="P377"><bold><italic>Nigrograna</italic></bold> Gruyter, Verkley & Crous, <bold>gen. nov.</bold> MycoBank <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=MB564794&link_type=mb">MB564794</ext-link>.</p><p id="P378"><italic>Etymology</italic>: refers to Nigro-, black, Latin, -grana, grains, Latin. The description refers to the black grains produced by the type species.</p><p id="P379"><italic>Pycnidia</italic> solitary or rarely confluent, on upper surface or submerged in agar, globose to subglobose or pyriform, with dark brown, septate mycelial outgrowths, with papillate ostioles, olivaceous to olivaceous-black, the wall with pseudoparenchymatous cells. <italic>Conidiogenous cells</italic> hyaline, phialidic, discrete. <italic>Conidia</italic> sub-hyaline, brown in mass, aseptate, ellipsoidal.</p><p id="P380"><italic>Type species</italic>: <italic>Nigrograna mackinnonii</italic><bold>(</bold>Borelli) Gruyter, Verkley & Crous (see below).</p><p id="P381"><bold><italic>Nigrograna mackinnonii</italic></bold> (Borelli) Gruyter, Verkley & Crous, <bold>comb. nov.</bold> MycoBank <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=MB564795&link_type=mb">MB564795</ext-link>.</p><p id="P382"><italic>Basionym</italic>: <italic>Pyrenochaeta mackinnonii</italic> Borelli, Castellania 4: 230. 1976.</p><p id="P383"><italic>Specimens examined</italic>: <bold>Mexico</bold>, from a mycetoma of a human, Feb. 2002, R. Arenas, <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=110022&link_type=cbs">CBS 110022</ext-link>; <bold>Venezuela</bold>, from a black grain mycetoma of human, Aug. 1975, D. Borelli, <bold>holotype</bold> FMC 270, culture ex-holotype <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=674.75&link_type=cbs">CBS 674.75</ext-link>.</p><p id="P384"><bold><italic>Thyridaria rubronotata</italic></bold> (Berk. & Broome) Sacc., Syll. Fung. 2: 141. 1883.</p><p id="P385"><italic>Basionym</italic>: <italic>Melogramma rubronotatum</italic> Berk. & Broome, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. Ser. 3(3): 20. 1859.</p><p id="P386"><italic>Specimen examined</italic>: <bold>Netherlands</bold>, Zuidelijk Flevoland, from a dead branch of <italic>Acer pseudoplatanus</italic> (<italic>Aceraceae</italic>), 13 Apr. 1985, N. Ernste, <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=-18824&link_type=cbs">CBS H-18824</ext-link>, culture <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=419.85&link_type=cbs">CBS 419.85</ext-link>.</p></sec></sec><sec sec-type="discussion" id="S16"><title>DISCUSSION</title><p id="P387">The genus <italic>Phoma</italic> has been shown to be highly polyphyletic and <italic>Phoma</italic> is now restricted to taxa in the <italic>Didymellaceae</italic> (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R49">de Gruyter <italic>et al.</italic> 2009</xref>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R4">Aveskamp <italic>et al.</italic> 2010</xref>). <italic>Phoma</italic> anamorphs and phoma-like species in <italic>Coniothyriaceae, Leptosphaeriaceae, Melanommataceae, Montagnulaceae, Pleosporaceae, Sporormiaceae</italic> and <italic>Trematosphaeriaceae</italic> are redisposed here as a result of this and previous studies.</p><p id="P388">The delimitation of <italic>Leptosphaeriaceae</italic> in <italic>Pleosporineae</italic> from <italic>Cucurbitariaceae, Didymellaceae, Phaeosphaeriaceae</italic> and <italic>Pleosporaceae</italic> agrees with recent studies of phoma-like species in <italic>Pleosporales</italic> (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R49">de Gruyter <italic>et al.</italic> 2009</xref>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R4">Aveskamp <italic>et al.</italic> 2010</xref>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R55">de Gruyter <italic>et al.</italic> 2010</xref>). <italic>Cucurbitariaceae</italic> is recognised as the fifth family in <italic>Pleosporineae</italic> in addition to the four families accepted by Zhang <italic>et al.</italic> (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R113">2009</xref>), which are <italic>Didymellaceae, Leptosphaeriaceae Phaeosphaeriaceae and Pleosporaceae</italic>.</p><sec id="S17"><title>The genera <italic>Leptosphaeria</italic>, <italic>Paraleptosphaeria</italic>, <italic>Plenodomus</italic>, <italic>Subplenodomus</italic> and <italic>Heterospora</italic></title><p id="P389"><italic>Plenodomus lingam</italic> and <italic>L. doliolum</italic>, the type species of <italic>Plenodomus</italic> and <italic>Leptosphaeria</italic> respectively, were found to be distant genetically, which agrees with findings of previous molecular phylogenetic studies (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R67">Jasalavic <italic>et al.</italic> 1995</xref>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R77">Morales <italic>et al.</italic> 1995</xref>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R42">Dong <italic>et al.</italic> 1998</xref>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R27">Câmara <italic>et al.</italic> 2002</xref>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R44">Eriksson & Hawksworth 2003</xref>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R109">Wunsch & Bergstrom 2011</xref>). In our study the generic type species grouped in sister clades, which represent <italic>Leptosphaeria</italic> and <italic>Plenodomus</italic>. Species of <italic>Leptosphaeria</italic> produce dark brown, 3-septate ascospores, which have been considered the primitive state with more recently evolved species producing ascospores that are paler in colour, longer and narrower, and more than 3-septate (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R103">Wehmeyer 1946</xref>). This hypothesis is supported by the results obtained in our study. <italic>Paraleptosphaeria</italic> is distinct but seems to be most closely related to <italic>Leptosphaeria</italic> producing 3(-5)-septate, yellow/brown or hyaline ascospores. Both genera include only necrotrophic species. <italic>Plenodomus</italic> and <italic>Subplenodomus</italic> include necrotrophs and plant pathogens. Ascospores in <italic>Plenodomus</italic> are 3-7-septate, whereas in <italic>Subplenodomus</italic> no sexual state has thus far been recorded. The scleroplectenchymatous pycnidial cell wall is typical for <italic>Plenodomus</italic>, whereas in <italic>Subplenodomus</italic> the pycnidial cell wall is pseudoparenchymatous. <italic>Heterospora</italic> is closely allied to <italic>Subplenodomus</italic> and no sexual state has been recorded for this genus either. The distinctive characterisitics of the genera <italic>Heterospora, Leptosphaeria, Paraleptosphaeria, Plenodomus</italic> and <italic>Subplenodomus</italic> are summerised in <xref ref-type="table" rid="T2">Table 2</xref>. A blast search in GenBank using ITS sequences of five selected species of the <italic>Leptosphaeriaceae,</italic> namely <italic>L. doliolum, L. etheridgei, Plen. lingam, H. dimorphospora</italic> and <italic>Subplen. drobnjacensis</italic>, did not reveal close matches to other teleomorphic or anamorphic genera.</p><table-wrap id="T2" position="float"><label>Table 2.</label><caption><p>Characteristics of ascospores, mitosporic state and pathogenicity of <italic>Leptosphaeria, Paraleptosphaeria, Plenodomus</italic> and <italic>Subplenodomus in vivo.</italic></p></caption><table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><colgroup span="1"><col align="left" valign="middle" span="1"></col><col align="left" valign="middle" span="1"></col><col align="left" valign="middle" span="1"></col><col align="left" valign="middle" span="1"></col></colgroup><thead><tr><th align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>Genus</bold></th><th align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>Ascospores</bold></th><th align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>Mitosporic state</bold></th><th align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>Pathogenicity</bold></th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Leptosphaeria</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Ascospores 3-septate, (dark) brown</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Mitosporic state common, pycnidial cell wall usually directly scleroplectenchymatous, conidia mostly aseptate</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Necrotrophic</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Paraleptosphaeria</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Ascospores 3-5-septate, hyaline to yellow/brown</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Mitosporic state rare, pycnidial cell wall directly scleroplectenchymatous, conidia aseptate</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Necrotrophic</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Plenodomus</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Ascospores 3-7-septate, pale yellow to brown</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Mitosporic state common, pycnidial cell wall initially pseudoparenchymatous, later scleroplectenchymatous, conidia aseptate</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Necrotrophic or plant pathogenic</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Subplenodomus</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">No known sexual state</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Mitosporic state common, pycnidial cell wall mainly pseudoparenchymatous, conidia aseptate</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Necrotrophic or plant pathogenic</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Heterospora</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">No known sexual state</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Mitosporic state common, pycnidial cell wall pseudoparenchymatous, conidia of two types: small aseptate and large septate</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Plant pathogenic</td></tr></tbody></table></table-wrap><p id="P390"><italic>Plectophomella visci</italic> grouped in <italic>Plenodomus</italic> in this study and in the <italic>Leptosphaeriaceae</italic> in a previous molecular phylogeny of <italic>Phoma</italic> and allied anamorph genera (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R49">de Gruyter <italic>et al.</italic> 2009</xref>). <italic>Plectophomella visci</italic> is the type species of <italic>Plectophomella</italic> (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R75">Moesz 1922</xref>) and three additional species have been described in the genus. Two species were described from the bark of <italic>Ulmus</italic> spp., <italic>viz. Plectophomella ulmi</italic> (basionym <italic>Dothiorella ulmi</italic>) and <italic>Plectophomella concentrica</italic> (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R86">Redfern & Sutton 1981</xref>). <italic>Dothiorella ulmi</italic> is considered the appropriate name for <italic>Plectophomella ulmi</italic> (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R36">Crous <italic>et al.</italic> 2004</xref>). A third species, <italic>Plectophomella nypae</italic>, was described from <italic>Nypa fruticans</italic> (<italic>Arecaceae</italic>) (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R65">Hyde & Sutton 1992</xref>). As a result of the transfer of the type species <italic>Plectophomella visci</italic> to <italic>Plenodomus</italic>, the taxonomy of both <italic>Plectophomella concentrica</italic> and <italic>P. nypae</italic> needs to be reconsidered based on the outcome of a molecular study.</p><p id="P391"><italic>Plenodomus chrysanthemi</italic> could not be differentiated from <italic>Plen. tracheiphilus</italic> based on comparison of their LSU and ITS sequences. <italic>Plenodomus vasinfecta</italic> was proposed by Boerema <italic>et al.</italic> (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R18">1994</xref>) for the species originally described as <italic>Phoma tracheiphila</italic> f. sp. <italic>chrysanthemi</italic> (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R7">Baker <italic>et al</italic>. 1985</xref>). Because these are part of the <italic>Plenodomus</italic> clade the name <italic>Plenodomus chrysanthemi</italic> is proposed with <italic>P. tracheiphila</italic> f. sp. <italic>chrysanthemi</italic> and <italic>P. vasinfecta</italic> as synonyms. <italic>Plenodomus chrysanthemi</italic> and <italic>Plen. tracheiphilus</italic> are host specific (<italic>Chrysanthemum</italic> and <italic>Citrus</italic>, respectively) and the scleroplectenchymatous conidiomatal wall of <italic>Plen. tracheiphilus</italic> differentiates this species from <italic>Plen. chrysanthemi</italic>, where only a parenchymatous wall has been observed (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R18">Boerema <italic>et al.</italic> 1994</xref>). The results of this molecular study and the production of a <italic>Phialophora</italic> synanamorph by both species demonstrate the close relationship of both taxa.</p><p id="P392"><italic>Plenodomus enteroleucus</italic> and <italic>Plen. influorescens</italic> have a similar ecological niche as opportunistic pathogens on woody plants in Europe. Both taxa were formerly described as varieties of <italic>Ph. enteroleuca</italic>, vars. <italic>enteroleuca</italic> and <italic>influorescens,</italic> and could be differentiated only by the fluorescence of var. <italic>enteroleuca</italic> under black light. However, the molecular phylogeny demonstrates the two varieties are only distantly related and they are raised from varietal status to species rank. The close relation of <italic>Plen. wasabiae</italic> with <italic>Plen. biglobosus</italic> agrees with the results of a previous study on the production of Phomalignin A and other yellow pigments, as well as ITS sequence analyses (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R84">Pedras <italic>et al.</italic> 1995</xref>).</p><p id="P393"><italic>Subplenodomus apiicola, Subplen. drobnjacensis, Subplen. valerianae</italic> and <italic>Subplen. violicola</italic> all produce pycnidia with an elongated neck, resembling <italic>Plenodomus</italic>. The pycnidial wall remains usually pseudoparenchymatous. Pycnidia with a scleroplectenchymatous wall are only observed in <italic>Subplen. drobnjacensis. Subplenodomus apiicolus, Subplen. drobnjacensis</italic> and <italic>Subplen. valerianae</italic> produce relatively small conidia, up to 4.5 × 2 μm (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R52">de Gruyter & Noordeloos 1992</xref>) in congruence with many of the <italic>Plenodomus</italic> species described; however, in contrast <italic>Subplen. violicola</italic> produces relatively large conidia, up to 11 × 3 μm (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R12">Boerema 1993</xref>).</p><p id="P394">The grouping of species of <italic>Phoma</italic> section <italic>Plenodomus</italic> based on the host being either herbaceous plants or wood of trees and shrubs (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R10">Boerema 1982</xref>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R18">Boerema <italic>et al.</italic> 1994</xref>) is not supported by the molecular phylogeny. The grouping of the species into two categories based on the production of pseudoparenchymatous pycnidia that become scleroplectenchymatous pycnidia (type I), versus always scleroplectenchymatous pycnidia (type 2) (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R22">Boerema <italic>et al.</italic> 1981</xref>), is partly supported by the molecular phylogeny. In the <italic>Leptosphaeria</italic> clade most species directly develop scleroplectenchymatous pycnidia, whereas in the <italic>Plenodomus</italic> clade the pycnidia generally are pseudoparenchymatous and become scleroplectenchymatous.</p><p id="P395"><italic>Heterospora</italic> is established for two species of <italic>Phoma</italic> sect. <italic>Heterospora</italic> that cluster in the <italic>Leptosphaeriaceae, viz H. chenopodii</italic> and <italic>H. dimorphospora.</italic> All other species of <italic>Phoma</italic> sect. <italic>Heterospora</italic> are in the <italic>Didymellaceae</italic> (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R4">Aveskamp <italic>et al</italic>. 2010</xref>).</p></sec><sec id="S18"><title>The <italic>Leptosphaeria doliolum</italic> species complex</title><p id="P396">The taxonomy of the generic type species <italic>Leptosphaeria doliolum</italic> and <italic>Phoma</italic> anamorphs is complex with a number of subspecies and varieties described in literature. <italic>Leptosphaeria doliolum</italic> subsp. <italic>doliolum</italic> and <italic>L. doliolum</italic> subsp. <italic>errabunda</italic> are morphologically very similar, as well as the anamorphs <italic>Ph. acuta</italic> subsp. <italic>errabunda</italic> and <italic>Ph. acuta</italic> subsp. <italic>acuta</italic>. It has been suggested that both taxa represent originally American and European counterparts (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R18">Boerema <italic>et al.</italic> 1994</xref>). Both subspecies of <italic>L. doliolum</italic> proved to be closely related in a phylogenetic analysis utilising LSU and ITS. A detailed multilocus phylogenetic study including the ITS, ACT, TUB and CHS genes, however, demonstrated that both subspecies could be clearly differentiated, and represent two subclades in the <italic>L. doliolum</italic> complex. All species allied with <italic>L. doliolum</italic> and <italic>L. errabunda</italic> are necrotrophic species. Surprisingly, <italic>L. macrocapsa</italic> grouped with the <italic>L. errabunda</italic> isolates. <italic>Leptosphaeria macrocapsa</italic> is described as a host-specialised necrotroph on <italic>Mercurialis perennis</italic> (<italic>Euphorbiaceae</italic>) in Europe (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R18">Boerema <italic>et al.</italic> 1994</xref>). The species is characterised by large pycnidia (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R48">Grove, 1935</xref>), with a conspicuously broad, long cylindrical neck (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R18">Boerema <italic>et al</italic>. 1994</xref>). This is different to the sharply delimited papilla or neck of variable length of the pycnidia of <italic>L. errabunda. Leptosphaeria sydowii</italic>, a necrotroph on <italic>Senecio</italic> spp. in particular (<italic>Asteraceae</italic>), proved to be closely related to <italic>L. errabunda</italic>. It can be concluded that the <italic>Leptosphaeria doliolum</italic> complex includes several necrotrophic species, with adapted host specificity.</p></sec><sec id="S19"><title>The genus <italic>Coniothyrium</italic></title><p id="P397"><italic>Coniothyrium palmarum</italic> is the type species of the genus <italic>Coniothyrium. Coniothyrium</italic> is characterised by ostiolate pycnidial conidiomata, annellidic conidiogenous cells, the absence of conidiophores, and brown, thick-walled, 0- or 1-septate, verrucose conidia. <italic>Coniothyrium</italic> is similar morphologically to some species in the genus <italic>Microsphaeropsis</italic>. However, <italic>Microsphaeropsis</italic> is characterised by the production of phialidic conidiogenous cells with periclinal thickening, and thin-walled, pale greenish brown conidia.</p><p id="P398"><italic>Coniothyrium, Microsphaeropsis</italic> and <italic>Paraconiothyrium</italic> clearly grouped in different clades in a study of the partial SSU nrDNA (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R98">Verkley <italic>et al.</italic> 2004</xref>). In a subsequent study utilising SSU and LSU sequences, the generic type species <italic>Microsphaeropsis olivacea</italic> grouped in <italic>Didymellaceae</italic>, whereas <italic>Coniothyrium palmarum</italic> clustered with the genus <italic>Leptosphaeria</italic> in <italic>Leptosphaeriaceae</italic> (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R49">de Gruyter <italic>et al.</italic> 2009</xref>). In the present study <italic>C. palmarum</italic> and its relatives grouped in a distinct clade, which represents <italic>Coniothyriaceae. Phoma carteri, Ph. glycinicola, Ph. septicidalis</italic> and <italic>Pyrenochaeta dolichi</italic> grouped in this clade and are transferred to the genus <italic>Coniothyrium</italic>. The inclusion of these species with setose pycnidia and conidiogenesis with elongated conidiophores expands the morphological circumscription of <italic>Coniothyrium</italic>. Species with those characters are also found in other genera treated in this paper in the <italic>Cucurbitariaceae, Didymellaceae, Phaeosphaeriaceae, Leptosphaeriaceae, Montagnulaceae</italic> and <italic>Sporormiaceae</italic>, indicating convergent evolution.</p><p id="P399">The <italic>Coniothyrium</italic> species included here are plurivorous or soil-borne, such as <italic>C. palmarum, C. septicidalis</italic> and <italic>C. multiporum</italic>, or are associated with a specific host such as <italic>C. carteri</italic> on <italic>Quercus</italic> spp. (<italic>Fagaceae</italic>), <italic>C. glycinicola</italic> on <italic>Glycine max</italic> (<italic>Fabaceae</italic>) and <italic>C. dolichii</italic> on <italic>Dolichos biflorus</italic> (<italic>Fabaceae</italic>). The species also are diverse geographically.</p><p id="P400"><italic>Coniothyrium palmarum</italic> was frequently found associated with leaf spots on <italic>Phoenix dactylifera</italic> (<italic>Arecaceae</italic>) in India and Cyprus (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R95">Sutton 1980</xref>). The <italic>C. palmarum</italic> isolates regularly used in phylogenetic studies are <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=758.73&link_type=cbs">CBS 758.73</ext-link>, from leaf spots on <italic>Phoenix dactylifera</italic> in Israel, and <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=400.71&link_type=cbs">CBS 400.71</ext-link>, from a dead petiole of <italic>Chaemeropsis humulis</italic> (<italic>Arecaceae</italic>) in Italy. The subtropical distribution of these species is similar to that of the most closely allied <italic>C. dolichi</italic> and <italic>C. glycinicola. Coniothyrium multiporum</italic>, recorded from marine soil, also is found in warm regions. <italic>Coniothyium carteri,</italic> in contrast, is reported from North America and Europe.</p><p id="P401"><italic>Coniothyrium dolichi</italic> produces setose pycnidia with hyaline conidia (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R76">Mohanty 1958</xref>). The conidiogenesis was studied in detail later. phoma-like ampulliform conidiogenous cells as well as conidiogenous cells on filiform, septate conidiophores were found in the same pycnidia leading to confusion regarding the classification of this species in <italic>Phoma</italic> or <italic>Pyrenochaeta</italic> (Grodona <italic>et al</italic>. 1997). This study clearly supports the classification in <italic>Coniothyrium. Coniothyrium glycinicola</italic> was originally placed in the genus <italic>Pyrenochaeta</italic> as <italic>Py. glycines</italic> due to its setose pycnidia (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R93">Stewart 1957</xref>). The conidiogenesis and hyaline conidia are phoma-like and therefore, it was reclassified as <italic>Ph. glycinicola</italic> in <italic>Phoma</italic> sect. <italic>Paraphoma</italic> (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R50">de Gruyter & Boerema 2002</xref>). However, in the original description it was noted that the conidia were greenish-yellow in mass (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R93">Stewart 1957</xref>), resembling <italic>Microsphaeropsis</italic> or coniothyrium-like conidia. This study clearly supports the classification in <italic>Coniothyrium. Coniothyrium carteri</italic> produces setose pycnidia with hyaline conidia and therefore, the species was classified in <italic>Phoma</italic> section <italic>Paraphoma</italic> (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R50">de Gruyter & Boerema 2002</xref>). In spite of this similarity, <italic>C. carteri</italic> was determined to be only distantly related to the generic type species <italic>Paraphoma radicina</italic> (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R55">de Gruyter <italic>et al.</italic> 2010</xref>). <italic>Coniothyrium multiporum</italic> was described in <italic>Phoma</italic> section <italic>Phoma</italic>; however, it proved to be unrelated to <italic>Phoma</italic> in <italic>Didymellaceae</italic> (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R4">Aveskamp <italic>et al.</italic> 2010</xref>). The conidiogenesis may comprise elongated conidiophores (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R83">Pawar <italic>et al</italic>. 1967</xref>). Two isolates originally described as <italic>Ph. septicidalis</italic> are placed here in <italic>Coniothyrium telephii.</italic> Other strains deposited as <italic>Ph. septicidalis</italic> proved to be <italic>Pyrenochaeta unguis-hominis</italic> (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R55">de Gruyter <italic>et al.</italic> 2010</xref>).</p><p id="P402">The anamorph of the genus <italic>Neophaeosphaeria</italic> was described as coniothyrium-like, producing pigmented, aseptate conidia from holoblastic, percurrently proliferating conidiogenous cells with conspicuous annellations (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R28">Câmara <italic>et al.</italic> 2003</xref>). Although <italic>Neophaeosphaeria</italic> is related to <italic>Coniothyrium</italic> based on the molecular data, <italic>Neophaeosphaeria</italic> probably belongs to a separate phylogenetic clade. The grouping of <italic>N. filamentosa</italic> with the <italic>Coniothyrium</italic> species included in this study was poorly supported and <italic>N. filamentosa</italic> proved to be more distantly related in previous molecular phylogenetic studies (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R98">Verkley <italic>et al.</italic> 2004</xref>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R41">Damm <italic>et al.</italic> 2008</xref>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R55">de Gruyter <italic>et al.</italic> 2010</xref>).</p><p id="P403">Both anamorph genera <italic>Cyclothyrium</italic> and <italic>Cytoplea</italic> were considered to be related to <italic>Coniothyrium</italic> and <italic>Microsphaeropsis</italic> (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R95">Sutton 1980</xref>) based on morphological similarities. <italic>Cyclothyrium</italic> also resembles <italic>Paraconiothyrium</italic> but produces conidiogenous cells that are more elongated than in most species of <italic>Paraconiothyrium</italic> and the conidia are almost truncate at the base, or at least they are much less rounded at the base than the conidia of <italic>Paraconiothyrium</italic> (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R98">Verkley <italic>et al.</italic> 2004</xref>). The generic type species <italic>Cyclothyrium juglandis,</italic> the anamorph of <italic>Thyridaria rubronotata</italic>, proved to be related to <italic>Roussoella hysterioides</italic>, teleomorph of <italic>Cytoplea</italic> (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R98">Verkley <italic>et al</italic>. 2004</xref>). Based on present results <italic>R. hysterioides</italic> could not be assigned to familial rank. The clustering of this species in <italic>Massariaceae</italic> (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R113">Zhang <italic>et al</italic>. 2009</xref>) could not be confirmed. Moreover, <italic>Roussoella</italic> probably is not a monophyletic genus (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R97">Tanaka <italic>et al.</italic> 2009</xref>). <italic>Thyridaria rubronotata</italic>, the teleomorph of <italic>Cyclothyrium juglandis</italic>, proved to be related to <italic>Massariosphaeria phaeospora</italic> but was not assigned to familial rank (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R88">Schoch <italic>et al.</italic> 2009</xref>).</p><p id="P404">Coniothyrium-like anamorphs also have been linked to <italic>Mycosphaerella</italic> in the past. However, these species were subsequently accommodated in <italic>Colletogloeopsis</italic> (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R33">Cortinas <italic>et al</italic>. 2006</xref>), <italic>Readeriella/Kirramyces</italic> (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R35">Crous <italic>et al.</italic> 2007</xref>) and are now known to be species of <italic>Teratosphaeria</italic> (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R39">Crous <italic>et al</italic>. 2009b</xref>).</p></sec><sec id="S20"><title>The genus <italic>Pleospora</italic></title><p id="P405"><italic>Pleospora</italic> is a large genus in <italic>Pleosporaceae, Pleosporales</italic>, and includes important pathogens that occur on both monocotyledons and dicotyledons. Anamorphs of <italic>Pleospora s. lat.</italic> have been described in various genera of coelomycetes and hyphomycetes as summarised by Zhang <italic>et al.</italic> (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R113">2009</xref>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R111">2012</xref>). A delimitation of <italic>Pleospora</italic> into two sections, <italic>Pyrenophora</italic> and <italic>Eu-Pleospora</italic> was made based on the size of fruiting bodies and ascospore septation and colour (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R81">Munk 1957</xref>). The genus <italic>Pyrenophora</italic> (<italic>Drechslera</italic> anamorphs) is recognised at the generic rank. However, <italic>Pleospora</italic> remains heterogenous (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R104">Wehmeyer 1961</xref>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R8">Berbee 1996</xref>) and molecular phylogenetic studies demonstrated that <italic>Pleospora</italic> is polyphyletic in <italic>Pleosporaceae</italic> (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R70">Kodsueb <italic>et al.</italic> 2006</xref>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R102">Wang <italic>et al.</italic> 2007</xref>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R66">Inderbitzin <italic>et al.</italic> 2009</xref>). Taxa with a <italic>Stemphylium</italic> anamorph such as <italic>Pleospora sedicola</italic> and <italic>Pleo. tomatonis</italic>, as well as <italic>Pleo. halophola</italic> with no known anamorph, are closely related to <italic>Cochliobolus</italic>, whereas <italic>Pleo. herbarum</italic> and <italic>Pleo. ambigua</italic> were more distantly related in the <italic>Pleosporaceae</italic> (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R70">Kodsueb <italic>et al.</italic> 2006</xref>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R102">Wang <italic>et al.</italic> 2007</xref>). A phylogenetic study of the genus <italic>Massariosphaeria</italic> demonstrated the polyphyly in the genera <italic>Pleospora, Kirschsteiniothelia, Massarina, Melanomma, Trematosphaeria and Massariosphaeria</italic> in the <italic>Loculoascomycetes</italic> (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R102">Wang <italic>et al.</italic> 2007</xref>) and the paraphyletic character of the genus <italic>Cochliobolus</italic> was demonstrated (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R70">Kodsueb <italic>et al.</italic> 2006</xref>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R78">Mugambi & Huhndorf 2009</xref>). These findings support the previous speculation by several authors that ascomatal and ascospore morphologies have undergone convergent evolution among <italic>Pleosporales</italic> (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R102">Wang <italic>et al</italic>. 2007</xref>).</p><p id="P406"><italic>Pleospora betae</italic> groups ambiguously in <italic>Pleosporaceae</italic> (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R42">Dong <italic>et al.</italic> 1998</xref>). SSU nrDNA sequence data supported the affinity of <italic>P. betae</italic> to <italic>Leptosphaeriaceae.</italic> Partial LSU nrDNA data supported the affinity of <italic>P. betae</italic> to <italic>Pleosporaceae</italic> (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R42">Dong <italic>et al.</italic> 1998</xref>), but bootstrap support values in that study were low. In a multigene phylogenetic study <italic>Pleo. betae</italic> was found as being basal to <italic>Pleosporaceae</italic> (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R113">Zhang <italic>et al</italic>. 2009</xref>). Our results demonstrate the sister group relationship of <italic>Pleo. betae</italic> and its relatives to the generic type species <italic>Pleo. herbarum</italic>.</p><p id="P407"><italic>Pleospora betae</italic> has been often confused with <italic>Pleo. calvescens</italic> as was discussed by Boerema <italic>et al.</italic> (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R24">1987</xref>). Both species are pathogens of <italic>Chenopodiaceae</italic> and are morphologically rather similar and therefore, a phylogenetic relation of both species was inferred (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R11">Boerema 1984</xref>). In addition <italic>Ascochyta hyalospora</italic>, originally found on the American continent on <italic>Chenopodiaceae</italic>, also was supposed to be closely related. Our results demonstrate that <italic>Pleo. betae</italic> and <italic>Pleo. calvescens</italic> could be recognised at species rank and confirmed that <italic>A. hyalospora</italic> is related supporting our transfer to <italic>Pleospora</italic> as <italic>Pleo. chenopodii</italic>. The delimitation of both halophytic species <italic>Pleo. chenopodii</italic> and <italic>Pleo. calvescens</italic> needs further study; both species could not be clearly differentiated based on the ACT sequences alone. Additional studies are underway to elucidate these species boundaries, in which also the recently described halophyte, <italic>Ascochyta manawaorae</italic> (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R99">Verkley <italic>et al.</italic> 2010</xref>), will be included. <italic>Pleospora fallens</italic> and <italic>Pleo. incompta</italic>, formerly described in <italic>Phoma</italic> sect. <italic>Phoma</italic> and producing mainly glabrous pycnidia, grouped in the <italic>Pleo. herbarum</italic> clade. <italic>Pleospora typhicola,</italic> producing pilose pycnidia, also grouped in this clade.</p></sec><sec id="S21"><title>Phoma-like species excluded from the <italic>Pleosporineae</italic></title><p id="P408">The genus <italic>Paraconiothyrium</italic> was introduced by Verkley <italic>et al</italic>. (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R98">2004</xref>) as the anamorph of <italic>Paraphaeosphaeria</italic>. The morphological characters of <italic>Paraconiothyrium</italic> are variable. The conidiomata can be eustromatic to pycnidial, the phialidic conidiogenous cells are discrete or integrated, and the thin-walled conidia are aseptate or septate, smooth-walled or minutely warted, and hyaline to brown in a later stage (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R98">Verkley <italic>et al.</italic> 2004</xref>). The morphological characters of <italic>Ph. lini</italic> and <italic>Asteromella tilliae</italic>, redisposed here in <italic>Paraconiothyrium</italic>, fit this description.</p><p id="P409"><italic>Paraconiothyrium fuckelii</italic> is a serious plant pathogen of <italic>Rosaceae</italic> (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R62">Horst & Cloyd 2007</xref>), but it also is recorded as an opportunistic human pathogen as summarised by de Hoog <italic>et al</italic>. (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R61">2000</xref>). The teleomorph is currently known as <italic>Leptosphaeria coniothyrium</italic>, but this is not likely considering the phylogeny of <italic>Leptosphaeriaceae</italic> in <italic>Pleosporales</italic> (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F1">Fig 1</xref>). The species was also described as <italic>Melanomma coniothyrium</italic> (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R59">Holm 1957</xref>); however, <italic>Melanomma</italic> is more distantly related in <italic>Melanommataceae</italic>.</p><p id="P410"><italic>Neottiosporina paspali</italic> proved to be related to <italic>Paraconiothyrium.</italic> However, this species is characterised by conidia with an apical appendage (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R95">Sutton 1980</xref>) and resembles members of <italic>Massarinaceae. Pyrenochaeta romeroi</italic> is redescribed in the new genus <italic>Medicopsis,</italic> and its taxonomic position is most close to <italic>Trematosphaeriaceae.</italic></p><p id="P411"><italic>Aposphaeria corallinolutea</italic> could be recognised as a new species in <italic>Melanommataceae. Phoma capitulum</italic> and <italic>Ph. minutispora</italic> (<italic>Phoma</italic> section <italic>Phoma</italic>) clustered in the <italic>Sporormiaceae</italic>, most closely related to the holotype isolate of <italic>Westerdykella ornata.</italic> Other phoma-like anamorphs have been recorded in <italic>Sporormiaceae</italic>, such as anamorphs of <italic>Sporormia aemulans</italic> (≡ <italic>Preussia aemulans</italic>) and <italic>Westerdykella dispersa</italic> (≡ <italic>Pycnidiophora dispersa</italic>) (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R2">von Arx & Storm 1967</xref>). The <italic>in vitro</italic> characters of <italic>W. capitulum</italic> and <italic>W. oryzae</italic> agree with the <italic>in vitro</italic> characters of phoma-like anamorphs in the <italic>Sporormiaceae</italic> summarised by Boerema <italic>et al.</italic> (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R20">2004</xref>). The conidia produced are small, mostly 2-3 × 1-2 μm, arising from undifferentiated cells, but sometimes also elongated conidiogenous cells are observed. The colonies, often with a pink-yellow-red discolouration on OA, usually produce little aerial mycelium, whereas pycnidia are often produced in abundance. No matching sequences were found in a blast search in GenBank using the partial LSU sequences of <italic>W. capitulum</italic> and <italic>W. minutispora. Westerdykella minutispora</italic> from India was most similar to a sequence of <italic>Westerdykella nigra</italic>, isolate <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=416.72&link_type=cbs">CBS 416.72</ext-link>, obtained from soil in Pakistan, and <italic>W. capitulum</italic> was most similar to a sequence of <italic>W. dispersa</italic>, isolate <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=297.56&link_type=cbs">CBS 297.56</ext-link>, obtained from a seedling of <italic>Phlox drummondii</italic>, USA. These blast results support the redisposition of both species in the genus <italic>Westerdykella.</italic></p></sec></sec></body><back><ack><p>This project, “Strengthening the Plant Health Infrastructure”, was supported by The Dutch Ministry of Economic Affairs, Agriculture and Innovation. 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