Assessing the applicability of the earth impedance method for in situ studies of tree root systems
Identifieur interne : 000210 ( Pmc/Checkpoint ); précédent : 000209; suivant : 000211Assessing the applicability of the earth impedance method for in situ studies of tree root systems
Auteurs : Josef Urban [République tchèque] ; Raphael Bequet [Belgique] ; Raphael Mainiero [Suisse]Source :
- Journal of Experimental Botany [ 0022-0957 ] ; 2011.
Abstract
Several electrical methods have been introduced as non-invasive techniques to overcome the limited accessibility to root systems. Among them, the earth impedance method (EIM) represents the most recent development. Applying an electrical field between a cormus and the rooted soil, the EIM measures the absorptive root surface area (ARSA) from grounding resistance patterns. Allometric relationships suggested that this method was a valuable tool. Crucial assumptions for the applicability of the EIM, however, have not been tested experimentally. Focusing on tree root systems, the present study assesses the applicability of the EIM. Six hypotheses, deduced from the EIM approach, were tested in several experiments and the results were compared with conventional methods. None of the hypotheses could be verified and the results allow two major conclusions. First, in terms of an analogue electrical circuit, a tree-root–soil continuum appears as a serial circuit with xylem and soil resistance being the dominant components. Allometric variation in contact resistance, with the latter being the proxy for root surface area, are thus overruled by the spatial and seasonal variation of soil and xylem resistances. Second, in a tree-root–soil continuum, distal roots conduct only a negligible portion of the electric charge. Most of charge carriers leave the root system in the proximal parts of the root–soil interface.
Url:
DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erq370
PubMed: 21273337
PubMed Central: 3060674
Affiliations:
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<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Assessing the applicability of the earth impedance method for <italic>in situ</italic> studies of tree root systems</title><author><name sortKey="Urban, Josef" sort="Urban, Josef" uniqKey="Urban J" first="Josef" last="Urban">Josef Urban</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1">Department of Forest Botany, Dendrology and Geobiocoenology, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 3, 61300 Brno, Czech Republic</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">République tchèque</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Forest Botany, Dendrology and Geobiocoenology, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 3, 61300 Brno</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Brno</settlement><region>Moravie</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bequet, Raphael" sort="Bequet, Raphael" uniqKey="Bequet R" first="Raphael" last="Bequet">Raphael Bequet</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff2">Research Group of Plant and Vegetation Ecology, University of Antwerpen, Department of Biology, Universiteitsplein 1, B-2610 Wilrijk, Belgium</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Belgique</country><wicri:regionArea>Research Group of Plant and Vegetation Ecology, University of Antwerpen, Department of Biology, Universiteitsplein 1, B-2610 Wilrijk</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>B-2610 Wilrijk</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mainiero, Raphael" sort="Mainiero, Raphael" uniqKey="Mainiero R" first="Raphael" last="Mainiero">Raphael Mainiero</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff3">Institute for Applied Plant Biology, Sandgrubenstrasse 27, 4124 Schönenbuch, Switzerland</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Suisse</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute for Applied Plant Biology, Sandgrubenstrasse 27, 4124 Schönenbuch</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>4124 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systems</title><author><name sortKey="Urban, Josef" sort="Urban, Josef" uniqKey="Urban J" first="Josef" last="Urban">Josef Urban</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1">Department of Forest Botany, Dendrology and Geobiocoenology, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 3, 61300 Brno, Czech Republic</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">République tchèque</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Forest Botany, Dendrology and Geobiocoenology, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 3, 61300 Brno</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Brno</settlement><region>Moravie</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bequet, Raphael" sort="Bequet, Raphael" uniqKey="Bequet R" first="Raphael" last="Bequet">Raphael Bequet</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff2">Research Group of Plant and Vegetation Ecology, University of Antwerpen, Department of Biology, Universiteitsplein 1, B-2610 Wilrijk, Belgium</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Belgique</country><wicri:regionArea>Research Group of Plant and Vegetation Ecology, University of Antwerpen, Department of Biology, Universiteitsplein 1, B-2610 Wilrijk</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>B-2610 Wilrijk</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mainiero, Raphael" sort="Mainiero, Raphael" uniqKey="Mainiero R" first="Raphael" last="Mainiero">Raphael Mainiero</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff3">Institute for Applied Plant Biology, Sandgrubenstrasse 27, 4124 Schönenbuch, Switzerland</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Suisse</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute for Applied Plant Biology, Sandgrubenstrasse 27, 4124 Schönenbuch</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>4124 Schönenbuch</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Journal of Experimental Botany</title><idno type="ISSN">0022-0957</idno><idno type="eISSN">1460-2431</idno><imprint><date when="2011">2011</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p>Several electrical methods have been introduced as non-invasive techniques to overcome the limited accessibility to root systems. Among them, the earth impedance method (EIM) represents the most recent development. Applying an electrical field between a cormus and the rooted soil, the EIM measures the absorptive root surface area (ARSA) from grounding resistance patterns. Allometric relationships suggested that this method was a valuable tool. Crucial assumptions for the applicability of the EIM, however, have not been tested experimentally. Focusing on tree root systems, the present study assesses the applicability of the EIM. Six hypotheses, deduced from the EIM approach, were tested in several experiments and the results were compared with conventional methods. None of the hypotheses could be verified and the results allow two major conclusions. First, in terms of an analogue electrical circuit, a tree-root–soil continuum appears as a serial circuit with xylem and soil resistance being the dominant components. Allometric variation in contact resistance, with the latter being the proxy for root surface area, are thus overruled by the spatial and seasonal variation of soil and xylem resistances. Second, in a tree-root–soil continuum, distal roots conduct only a negligible portion of the electric charge. 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<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">J Exp Bot</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="hwp">jexbot</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">exbotj</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title>Journal of Experimental Botany</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0022-0957</issn><issn pub-type="epub">1460-2431</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Oxford University Press</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">21273337</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="pmc">3060674</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1093/jxb/erq370</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Papers</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Assessing the applicability of the earth impedance method for <italic>in situ</italic> studies of tree root systems</article-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Urban</surname><given-names>Josef</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">1</xref><xref ref-type="corresp" rid="cor1">*</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Bequet</surname><given-names>Raphael</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">2</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Mainiero</surname><given-names>Raphael</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">3</xref></contrib></contrib-group><aff id="aff1"><label>1</label>Department of Forest Botany, Dendrology and Geobiocoenology, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 3, 61300 Brno, Czech Republic</aff><aff id="aff2"><label>2</label>Research Group of Plant and Vegetation Ecology, University of Antwerpen, Department of Biology, Universiteitsplein 1, B-2610 Wilrijk, Belgium</aff><aff id="aff3"><label>3</label>Institute for Applied Plant Biology, Sandgrubenstrasse 27, 4124 Schönenbuch, Switzerland</aff><author-notes><corresp id="cor1"><label>*</label>To whom correspondence should be addressed: E-mail: <email>Josef.urban@email.cz</email></corresp></author-notes><pub-date pub-type="ppub"><month>3</month><year>2011</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>27</day><month>1</month><year>2011</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="pmc-release"><day>27</day><month>1</month><year>2011</year></pub-date><pmc-comment> PMC Release delay is 0 months and 0 days and was based on the
<volume>62</volume><issue>6</issue><fpage>1857</fpage><lpage>1869</lpage><history><date date-type="received"><day>24</day><month>8</month><year>2010</year></date><date date-type="rev-recd"><day>15</day><month>10</month><year>2010</year></date><date date-type="accepted"><day>26</day><month>10</month><year>2010</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement>© 2011 The Author(s).</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2011</copyright-year><license license-type="open-access"><license-p><pmc-comment>CREATIVE COMMONS</pmc-comment>This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/2.5">http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/2.5</ext-link>), which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.</license-p><license-p>This paper is available online free of all access charges (see <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://jxb.oxfordjournals.org/open_access.html">http://jxb.oxfordjournals.org/open_access.html</ext-link> for further details)</license-p></license></permissions><abstract><p>Several electrical methods have been introduced as non-invasive techniques to overcome the limited accessibility to root systems. Among them, the earth impedance method (EIM) represents the most recent development. Applying an electrical field between a cormus and the rooted soil, the EIM measures the absorptive root surface area (ARSA) from grounding resistance patterns. Allometric relationships suggested that this method was a valuable tool. Crucial assumptions for the applicability of the EIM, however, have not been tested experimentally. Focusing on tree root systems, the present study assesses the applicability of the EIM. Six hypotheses, deduced from the EIM approach, were tested in several experiments and the results were compared with conventional methods. None of the hypotheses could be verified and the results allow two major conclusions. First, in terms of an analogue electrical circuit, a tree-root–soil continuum appears as a serial circuit with xylem and soil resistance being the dominant components. Allometric variation in contact resistance, with the latter being the proxy for root surface area, are thus overruled by the spatial and seasonal variation of soil and xylem resistances. Second, in a tree-root–soil continuum, distal roots conduct only a negligible portion of the electric charge. Most of charge carriers leave the root system in the proximal parts of the root–soil interface.</p></abstract><kwd-group><kwd>Absorbing root surface area</kwd><kwd>conductance</kwd><kwd>electrical resistance</kwd><kwd>tree capacitance</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front></pmc><affiliations><list><country><li>Belgique</li><li>République tchèque</li><li>Suisse</li></country><region><li>Moravie</li></region><settlement><li>Brno</li></settlement></list><tree><country name="République tchèque"><region name="Moravie"><name sortKey="Urban, Josef" sort="Urban, Josef" uniqKey="Urban J" first="Josef" last="Urban">Josef Urban</name></region></country><country name="Belgique"><noRegion><name sortKey="Bequet, Raphael" sort="Bequet, Raphael" uniqKey="Bequet R" first="Raphael" last="Bequet">Raphael Bequet</name></noRegion></country><country name="Suisse"><noRegion><name sortKey="Mainiero, Raphael" sort="Mainiero, Raphael" uniqKey="Mainiero R" first="Raphael" last="Mainiero">Raphael Mainiero</name></noRegion></country></tree></affiliations></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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