Road Salts as Environmental Constraints in Urban Pond Food Webs
Identifieur interne : 000081 ( Main/Merge ); précédent : 000080; suivant : 000082Road Salts as Environmental Constraints in Urban Pond Food Webs
Auteurs : Robin J. Van Meter [États-Unis] ; Christopher M. Swan [États-Unis]Source :
- PLoS ONE [ 1932-6203 ] ; 2014.
Abstract
Freshwater salinization is an emerging environmental filter in urban aquatic ecosystems that receive chloride road salt runoff from vast expanses of impervious surface cover. Our study was designed to evaluate the effects of chloride contamination on urban stormwater pond food webs through changes in zooplankton community composition as well as density and biomass of primary producers and consumers. From May – July 2009, we employed a 2×2×2 full-factorial design to manipulate chloride concentration (low = 177 mg L−1 Cl−/high = 1067 mg L−1 Cl−), gray treefrog (
Url:
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0090168
PubMed: 24587259
PubMed Central: 3935972
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<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Road Salts as Environmental Constraints in Urban Pond Food Webs</title><author><name sortKey="Van Meter, Robin J" sort="Van Meter, Robin J" uniqKey="Van Meter R" first="Robin J." last="Van Meter">Robin J. Van Meter</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="aff1"><addr-line>Marine Estuarine Environmental Sciences Program, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Marine Estuarine Environmental Sciences Program, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Maryland</region><settlement type="city">College Park (Maryland)</settlement></placeName><orgName type="university">Université du Maryland</orgName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Swan, Christopher M" sort="Swan, Christopher M" uniqKey="Swan C" first="Christopher M." last="Swan">Christopher M. Swan</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="aff2"><addr-line>Department of Geography and Environmental Systems, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Geography and Environmental Systems, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Maryland</region><settlement type="city">College Park (Maryland)</settlement></placeName><orgName type="university">Université du Maryland</orgName></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno><idno type="pmid">24587259</idno><idno type="pmc">3935972</idno><idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3935972</idno><idno type="RBID">PMC:3935972</idno><idno type="doi">10.1371/journal.pone.0090168</idno><date when="2014">2014</date><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">000222</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PMC">000222</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Curation">000222</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Curation">000222</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Checkpoint">000073</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Checkpoint">000073</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Ncbi/Merge">000206</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Ncbi/Curation">000206</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Ncbi/Checkpoint">000206</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Merge">000081</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Road Salts as Environmental Constraints in Urban Pond Food Webs</title><author><name sortKey="Van Meter, Robin J" sort="Van Meter, Robin J" uniqKey="Van Meter R" first="Robin J." last="Van Meter">Robin J. Van Meter</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="aff1"><addr-line>Marine Estuarine Environmental Sciences Program, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Marine Estuarine Environmental Sciences Program, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Maryland</region><settlement type="city">College Park (Maryland)</settlement></placeName><orgName type="university">Université du Maryland</orgName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Swan, Christopher M" sort="Swan, Christopher M" uniqKey="Swan C" first="Christopher M." last="Swan">Christopher M. Swan</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="aff2"><addr-line>Department of Geography and Environmental Systems, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Geography and Environmental Systems, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Maryland</region><settlement type="city">College Park (Maryland)</settlement></placeName><orgName type="university">Université du Maryland</orgName></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">PLoS ONE</title><idno type="eISSN">1932-6203</idno><imprint><date when="2014">2014</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p>Freshwater salinization is an emerging environmental filter in urban aquatic ecosystems that receive chloride road salt runoff from vast expanses of impervious surface cover. Our study was designed to evaluate the effects of chloride contamination on urban stormwater pond food webs through changes in zooplankton community composition as well as density and biomass of primary producers and consumers. From May – July 2009, we employed a 2×2×2 full-factorial design to manipulate chloride concentration (low = 177 mg L<sup>−1</sup> Cl<sup>−/</sup>high = 1067 mg L<sup>−1</sup> Cl<sup>−</sup>), gray treefrog (<italic>Hyla versicolor</italic>) tadpoles (presence/absence) and source of stormwater pond algae and zooplankton inoculum (low conductance/high conductance urban ponds) in 40, 600-L mesocosms. Road salt did serve as a constraint on zooplankton community structure, driving community divergence between the low and high chloride treatments. Phytoplankton biomass (chlorophyll [a] µg L<sup>−1</sup>) in the mesocosms was significantly greater for the high conductance inoculum (<italic>P</italic><0.001) and in the high chloride treatment (<italic>P</italic> = 0.046), whereas periphyton biomass was significantly lower in the high chloride treatment (<italic>P</italic> = 0.049). Gray treefrog tadpole time to metamorphosis did not vary significantly between treatments. However, mass at metamorphosis was greater among tadpoles that experienced a faster than average time to metamorphosis and exposure to high chloride concentrations (<italic>P</italic> = 0.039). Our results indicate differential susceptibility to chloride salts among algal resources and zooplankton taxa, and further suggest that road salts can act as a significant environmental constraint on urban stormwater pond communities.</p></div></front><back><div1 type="bibliography"><listBibl><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Leibold, Ma" uniqKey="Leibold M">MA Leibold</name></author><author><name sortKey="Holyoak, M" uniqKey="Holyoak M">M Holyoak</name></author><author><name sortKey="Mouquet, N" uniqKey="Mouquet N">N Mouquet</name></author><author><name sortKey="Amarasekare, P" uniqKey="Amarasekare P">P Amarasekare</name></author><author><name sortKey="Chase, Jm" uniqKey="Chase J">JM Chase</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Loeuille, N" uniqKey="Loeuille N">N Loeuille</name></author><author><name sortKey="Leibold, Ma" uniqKey="Leibold M">MA Leibold</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name 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