Non-Native Ambrosia Beetles as Opportunistic Exploiters of Living but Weakened Trees
Identifieur interne : 000031 ( Main/Exploration ); précédent : 000030; suivant : 000032Non-Native Ambrosia Beetles as Opportunistic Exploiters of Living but Weakened Trees
Auteurs : Christopher M. Ranger [États-Unis] ; Peter B. Schultz [États-Unis] ; Steven D. Frank [États-Unis] ; Juang H. Chong [États-Unis] ; Michael E. Reding [États-Unis]Source :
- PLoS ONE [ 1932-6203 ] ; 2015.
Abstract
Exotic
Url:
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0131496
PubMed: 26134522
PubMed Central: 4489854
Affiliations:
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Le document en format XML
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<sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Non-Native Ambrosia Beetles as Opportunistic Exploiters of Living but Weakened Trees</title>
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<author><name sortKey="Schultz, Peter B" sort="Schultz, Peter B" uniqKey="Schultz P" first="Peter B." last="Schultz">Peter B. Schultz</name>
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<front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p>Exotic <italic>Xylosandrus</italic>
spp. ambrosia beetles established in non-native habitats have been associated with sudden and extensive attacks on a diverse range of living trees, but factors driving their shift from dying/dead hosts to living and healthy ones are not well understood. We sought to characterize the role of host physiological condition on preference and colonization by two invaders, <italic>Xylosandrus germanus</italic>
and <italic>Xylosandrus crassiusculus</italic>
. When given free-choice under field conditions among flooded and non-flooded deciduous tree species of varying intolerance to flooding, beetles attacked flood-intolerant tree species over more tolerant species within 3 days of initiating flood stress. In particular, flood-intolerant flowering dogwood (<italic>Cornus florida</italic>
) sustained more attacks than flood-tolerant species, including silver maple (<italic>Acer saccharinum</italic>
) and swamp white oak (<italic>Quercus bicolor</italic>
). Ethanol, a key host-derived attractant, was detected at higher concentrations 3 days after initiating flooding within stems of flood intolerant species compared to tolerant and non-flooded species. A positive correlation was also detected between ethanol concentrations in stem tissue and cumulative ambrosia beetle attacks. When adult <italic>X</italic>
. <italic>germanus</italic>
and <italic>X</italic>
. <italic>crassiusculus</italic>
were confined with no-choice to stems of flood-stressed and non-flooded <italic>C</italic>
. <italic>florida</italic>
, more ejected sawdust resulting from tunneling activity was associated with the flood-stressed trees. Furthermore, living foundresses, eggs, larvae, and pupae were only detected within galleries created in stems of flood-stressed trees. Despite a capability to attack diverse tree genera, <italic>X</italic>
. <italic>germanus</italic>
and <italic>X</italic>
. <italic>crassiusculus</italic>
efficiently distinguished among varying host qualities and preferentially targeted trees based on their intolerance of flood stress. Non-flooded trees were not preferred or successfully colonized. This study demonstrates the host-selection strategy exhibited by <italic>X</italic>
. <italic>germanus</italic>
and <italic>X</italic>
. <italic>crassiusculus</italic>
in non-native habitats involves detection of stress-induced ethanol emission and early colonization of living but weakened trees.</p>
</div>
</front>
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</TEI>
<affiliations><list><country><li>États-Unis</li>
</country>
<region><li>Caroline du Nord</li>
<li>Caroline du Sud</li>
<li>Ohio</li>
<li>Virginie</li>
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