Measured sap flow and simulated transpiration from a poplar stand in Flanders (Belgium)
Identifieur interne : 000E76 ( Istex/Corpus ); précédent : 000E75; suivant : 000E77Measured sap flow and simulated transpiration from a poplar stand in Flanders (Belgium)
Auteurs : L. Meiresonne ; N. Nadezhdin ; J. Cermak ; J. Van Slycken ; R. CeulemansSource :
- Agricultural and Forest Meteorology [ 0168-1923 ] ; 1999.
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Abstract
This study reports on the transpiration by a hybrid poplar (Populus trichocarpa×P. deltoides) plantation in East Flanders during 1997. Transpiration was measured by sap flow techniques on individual trees and scaled to the stand level, and was simulated by the WAVE water balance model. Relatively high transpiration values by the poplar stand were found during the growing season, with maximum and mean daily transpiration of 5 and 1.9mm per day, respectively. The seasonal (1 April–31 October) total transpiration amounted to 320mm, representing roughly 70% of the potential evapotranspiration over this period. However, this transpiration represented only about three-fourths of the incoming precipitation. Reasonable agreement was found between measured and simulated stand transpiration. The difference between cumulated precipitation and cumulated actual transpiration closely mimicked the course of the water table. Suggestions for further improvements to the WAVE model have been made and discussed.
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DOI: 10.1016/S0168-1923(99)00066-0
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<record><TEI wicri:istexFullTextTei="biblStruct"><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Measured sap flow and simulated transpiration from a poplar stand in Flanders (Belgium)</title><author><name sortKey="Meiresonne, L" sort="Meiresonne, L" uniqKey="Meiresonne L" first="L" last="Meiresonne">L. Meiresonne</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>E-mail: linda.meiresonne@lin.vlaander.en</mods:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Institute for Forestry and Game Management (IBW), Ministry of the Flemish Community, Gaverstraat 4 B-9500 Geraardsbergen, Belgium</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Nadezhdin, N" sort="Nadezhdin, N" uniqKey="Nadezhdin N" first="N" last="Nadezhdin">N. Nadezhdin</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Institute of Forest Ecology, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Mendel University of Agriculture and Forestry, Zemedelska 3, CS-61300 Brno, Czech Republic</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cermak, J" sort="Cermak, J" uniqKey="Cermak J" first="J" last="Cermak">J. Cermak</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Institute of Forest Ecology, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Mendel University of Agriculture and Forestry, Zemedelska 3, CS-61300 Brno, Czech Republic</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Van Slycken, J" sort="Van Slycken, J" uniqKey="Van Slycken J" first="J" last="Van Slycken">J. Van Slycken</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Institute for Forestry and Game Management (IBW), Ministry of the Flemish Community, Gaverstraat 4 B-9500 Geraardsbergen, Belgium</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ceulemans, R" sort="Ceulemans, R" uniqKey="Ceulemans R" first="R" last="Ceulemans">R. Ceulemans</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Biology, University of Antwerpen (UIA), Universiteitsplein 1 B-2610 Wilrijk, Belgium</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">ISTEX</idno><idno type="RBID">ISTEX:DBB6630ED1A7147BB664A91D915423FBE16A3356</idno><date when="1999" year="1999">1999</date><idno type="doi">10.1016/S0168-1923(99)00066-0</idno><idno type="url">https://api.istex.fr/document/DBB6630ED1A7147BB664A91D915423FBE16A3356/fulltext/pdf</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Istex/Corpus">000E76</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Istex" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="ISTEX">000E76</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title level="a" type="main" xml:lang="en">Measured sap flow and simulated transpiration from a poplar stand in Flanders (Belgium)</title><author><name sortKey="Meiresonne, L" sort="Meiresonne, L" uniqKey="Meiresonne L" first="L" last="Meiresonne">L. Meiresonne</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>E-mail: linda.meiresonne@lin.vlaander.en</mods:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Institute for Forestry and Game Management (IBW), Ministry of the Flemish Community, Gaverstraat 4 B-9500 Geraardsbergen, Belgium</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Nadezhdin, N" sort="Nadezhdin, N" uniqKey="Nadezhdin N" first="N" last="Nadezhdin">N. Nadezhdin</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Institute of Forest Ecology, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Mendel University of Agriculture and Forestry, Zemedelska 3, CS-61300 Brno, Czech Republic</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cermak, J" sort="Cermak, J" uniqKey="Cermak J" first="J" last="Cermak">J. Cermak</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Institute of Forest Ecology, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Mendel University of Agriculture and Forestry, Zemedelska 3, CS-61300 Brno, Czech Republic</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Van Slycken, J" sort="Van Slycken, J" uniqKey="Van Slycken J" first="J" last="Van Slycken">J. Van Slycken</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Institute for Forestry and Game Management (IBW), Ministry of the Flemish Community, Gaverstraat 4 B-9500 Geraardsbergen, Belgium</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ceulemans, R" sort="Ceulemans, R" uniqKey="Ceulemans R" first="R" last="Ceulemans">R. Ceulemans</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Biology, University of Antwerpen (UIA), Universiteitsplein 1 B-2610 Wilrijk, Belgium</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author></analytic><monogr></monogr><series><title level="j">Agricultural and Forest Meteorology</title><title level="j" type="abbrev">AGMET</title><idno type="ISSN">0168-1923</idno><imprint><publisher>ELSEVIER</publisher><date type="published" when="1999">1999</date><biblScope unit="volume">96</biblScope><biblScope unit="issue">4</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" from="165">165</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" to="179">179</biblScope></imprint><idno type="ISSN">0168-1923</idno></series><idno type="istex">DBB6630ED1A7147BB664A91D915423FBE16A3356</idno><idno type="DOI">10.1016/S0168-1923(99)00066-0</idno><idno type="PII">S0168-1923(99)00066-0</idno></biblStruct></sourceDesc><seriesStmt><idno type="ISSN">0168-1923</idno></seriesStmt></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Poplar</term><term>Sap flow</term><term>Transpiration rate</term><term>Water balance</term></keywords></textClass><langUsage><language ident="en">en</language></langUsage></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">This study reports on the transpiration by a hybrid poplar (Populus trichocarpa×P. deltoides) plantation in East Flanders during 1997. Transpiration was measured by sap flow techniques on individual trees and scaled to the stand level, and was simulated by the WAVE water balance model. Relatively high transpiration values by the poplar stand were found during the growing season, with maximum and mean daily transpiration of 5 and 1.9mm per day, respectively. The seasonal (1 April–31 October) total transpiration amounted to 320mm, representing roughly 70% of the potential evapotranspiration over this period. However, this transpiration represented only about three-fourths of the incoming precipitation. Reasonable agreement was found between measured and simulated stand transpiration. The difference between cumulated precipitation and cumulated actual transpiration closely mimicked the course of the water table. Suggestions for further improvements to the WAVE model have been made and discussed.</div></front></TEI><istex><corpusName>elsevier</corpusName><author><json:item><name>L Meiresonne</name><affiliations><json:string>E-mail: linda.meiresonne@lin.vlaander.en</json:string><json:string>Institute for Forestry and Game Management (IBW), Ministry of the Flemish Community, Gaverstraat 4 B-9500 Geraardsbergen, Belgium</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>N Nadezhdin</name><affiliations><json:string>Institute of Forest Ecology, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Mendel University of Agriculture and Forestry, Zemedelska 3, CS-61300 Brno, Czech Republic</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>J Cermak</name><affiliations><json:string>Institute of Forest Ecology, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Mendel University of Agriculture and Forestry, Zemedelska 3, CS-61300 Brno, Czech Republic</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>J Van Slycken</name><affiliations><json:string>Institute for Forestry and Game Management (IBW), Ministry of the Flemish Community, Gaverstraat 4 B-9500 Geraardsbergen, Belgium</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>R Ceulemans</name><affiliations><json:string>Department of Biology, University of Antwerpen (UIA), Universiteitsplein 1 B-2610 Wilrijk, Belgium</json:string></affiliations></json:item></author><subject><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>Poplar</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>Transpiration rate</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>Water balance</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>Sap flow</value></json:item></subject><language><json:string>eng</json:string></language><originalGenre><json:string>Full-length article</json:string></originalGenre><abstract>This study reports on the transpiration by a hybrid poplar (Populus trichocarpa×P. deltoides) plantation in East Flanders during 1997. Transpiration was measured by sap flow techniques on individual trees and scaled to the stand level, and was simulated by the WAVE water balance model. Relatively high transpiration values by the poplar stand were found during the growing season, with maximum and mean daily transpiration of 5 and 1.9mm per day, respectively. The seasonal (1 April–31 October) total transpiration amounted to 320mm, representing roughly 70% of the potential evapotranspiration over this period. However, this transpiration represented only about three-fourths of the incoming precipitation. Reasonable agreement was found between measured and simulated stand transpiration. The difference between cumulated precipitation and cumulated actual transpiration closely mimicked the course of the water table. Suggestions for further improvements to the WAVE model have been made and discussed.</abstract><qualityIndicators><score>6.704</score><pdfVersion>1.2</pdfVersion><pdfPageSize>522 x 745 pts</pdfPageSize><refBibsNative>true</refBibsNative><keywordCount>4</keywordCount><abstractCharCount>1007</abstractCharCount><pdfWordCount>5888</pdfWordCount><pdfCharCount>35689</pdfCharCount><pdfPageCount>15</pdfPageCount><abstractWordCount>142</abstractWordCount></qualityIndicators><title>Measured sap flow and simulated transpiration from a poplar stand in Flanders (Belgium)</title><pii><json:string>S0168-1923(99)00066-0</json:string></pii><refBibs><json:item><host><author></author></host></json:item><json:item><host><author></author></host></json:item><json:item><author><json:item><name>T.A Black</name></json:item><json:item><name>G den Hartog</name></json:item><json:item><name>H.H Neumann</name></json:item><json:item><name>P.D Blanken</name></json:item><json:item><name>P.C Yang</name></json:item><json:item><name>C Russell</name></json:item><json:item><name>Z Nesic</name></json:item><json:item><name>X Lee</name></json:item><json:item><name>S.G Chen</name></json:item><json:item><name>R Staebler</name></json:item><json:item><name>M.D Novak</name></json:item></author><host><volume>2</volume><pages><last>229</last><first>219</first></pages><author></author><title>Global Change Biology</title></host><title>Annual cycles of water vapour and CO2 fluxes in and above a boreal aspen forest</title></json:item><json:item><author><json:item><name>J.M Bosch</name></json:item><json:item><name>J.D Hewlett</name></json:item></author><host><volume>55</volume><pages><last>23</last><first>3</first></pages><author></author><title>J. 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Three specific periods (represented by A, B and C) were analysed in more detail as discussed in the text; (b) Daily totals of actual stand transpiration, as measured by the sap flow method (empty squares, thin line) and as simulated by the WAVE model (full squares, heavy line).</note><note type="content">Fig. 3: (a) Typical diurnal course of sap flow rate, (b) incoming global radiation and vapour pressure deficit (VPD), as observed on selected days with a good correlation between measured (by sap flow method) and simulated (by the WAVE model) transpiration rates during period A with no precipitation.</note><note type="content">Fig. 4: (a) Typical diurnal course of sap flow rate, (b) incoming global radiation and vapour pressure deficit (VPD) as observed on days when the actual transpiration, as measured by the sap flow method, was overestimated by the WAVE model during period B with no precipitation.</note><note type="content">Fig. 5: (a) Typical diurnal course of sap flow rate and precipitation, (b) incoming global radiation and vapour pressure deficit (VPD) as observed on days when the actual transpiration, as measured by the sap flow method, was underestimated by the WAVE model during period C when rain occurred.</note><note type="content">Fig. 6: Relation between actual transpiration (Td) of the poplar plantation, as measured by the sap flow method and scaled up to the stand level and potential evapotranspiration (Ec ). Values during a wet period: filled, black squares; values during a dry period: open, square symbols. The dotted line represents the 1:1 relationship.</note><note type="content">Fig. 7: (a) Seasonal course of potential evapotranspiration (Ec) and leaf area index at the poplar plantation during the year 1997. I: leaf growth (spring), II: fully developed leaf area (summer), III: leaf fall (autumn). Only the evolution of the leaf area index from leaf flush in the spring until leaf fall in the autumn was applied for further calculations, supposing that LAI remained constant over the major part of the growing season (i.e., June–September). (b) Seasonal course of actual daily transpiration, either measured by the sap flow method (thick line), or simulated by the WAVE model (thin line). Values of actual transpiration calculated using Ec and corrected according to leaf area index development are marked by open squares.</note><note type="content">Fig. 8: (a) Seasonal course of soil water content at different depths (horizons) and daily precipitation at the poplar plantation during the year 1997. (b) Evolution of cumulative values of precipitation (P), potential evapotranspiration (Ec) and transpiration either measured by the sap flow method (Tt) or simulated by the WAVE model (Tw) for the poplar stand.</note><note type="content">Fig. 9: (a) Seasonal course of the measured groundwater table level (H) (dotted heavy line) and of the calculated difference between cumulative precipitation (ΣP) and cumulative actual transpiration (ΣTd), either measured by the sap flow method or simulated by the WAVE model. (b) Relation between (ΣP–ΣTd) and groundwater table level for a period with almost fully developed canopy foliage. Black squares: based on sap flow measurements, open squares: based on model.</note><note type="content">Table 1: Comparative literature survey of stand transpiration of poplar (Populus)</note><note type="content">Table 2: Precipitation (P), potential evapotranspiration over grass (Er) and difference between precipitation and potential evapotranspiration (P−Er) at the experimental poplar site in Balegem (East Flanders, Belgium)a</note><note type="content">Table 3: Biometric data of the sap flow sample trees</note><note type="content">Table 4: Linear and non-linear equations relating the mean daily transpiration (Td) of the sample trees to their biometric parameters</note></notesStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct type="inbook"><analytic><title level="a" type="main" xml:lang="en">Measured sap flow and simulated transpiration from a poplar stand in Flanders (Belgium)</title><author xml:id="author-1"><persName><forename type="first">L</forename><surname>Meiresonne</surname></persName><email>linda.meiresonne@lin.vlaander.en</email><note type="correspondence"><p>Corresponding author. Tel.: +32-54-437-118/11; fax: +32-54-410-896</p></note><affiliation>Institute for Forestry and Game Management (IBW), Ministry of the Flemish Community, Gaverstraat 4 B-9500 Geraardsbergen, Belgium</affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-2"><persName><forename type="first">N</forename><surname>Nadezhdin</surname></persName><affiliation>Institute of Forest Ecology, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Mendel University of Agriculture and Forestry, Zemedelska 3, CS-61300 Brno, Czech Republic</affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-3"><persName><forename type="first">J</forename><surname>Cermak</surname></persName><affiliation>Institute of Forest Ecology, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Mendel University of Agriculture and Forestry, Zemedelska 3, CS-61300 Brno, Czech Republic</affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-4"><persName><forename type="first">J</forename><surname>Van Slycken</surname></persName><affiliation>Institute for Forestry and Game Management (IBW), Ministry of the Flemish Community, Gaverstraat 4 B-9500 Geraardsbergen, Belgium</affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-5"><persName><forename type="first">R</forename><surname>Ceulemans</surname></persName><affiliation>Department of Biology, University of Antwerpen (UIA), Universiteitsplein 1 B-2610 Wilrijk, Belgium</affiliation></author></analytic><monogr><title level="j">Agricultural and Forest Meteorology</title><title level="j" type="abbrev">AGMET</title><idno type="pISSN">0168-1923</idno><idno type="PII">S0168-1923(00)X0062-7</idno><imprint><publisher>ELSEVIER</publisher><date type="published" when="1999"></date><biblScope unit="volume">96</biblScope><biblScope unit="issue">4</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" from="165">165</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" to="179">179</biblScope></imprint></monogr><idno type="istex">DBB6630ED1A7147BB664A91D915423FBE16A3356</idno><idno type="DOI">10.1016/S0168-1923(99)00066-0</idno><idno type="PII">S0168-1923(99)00066-0</idno></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><creation><date>1999</date></creation><langUsage><language ident="en">en</language></langUsage><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>This study reports on the transpiration by a hybrid poplar (Populus trichocarpa×P. deltoides) plantation in East Flanders during 1997. Transpiration was measured by sap flow techniques on individual trees and scaled to the stand level, and was simulated by the WAVE water balance model. Relatively high transpiration values by the poplar stand were found during the growing season, with maximum and mean daily transpiration of 5 and 1.9mm per day, respectively. The seasonal (1 April–31 October) total transpiration amounted to 320mm, representing roughly 70% of the potential evapotranspiration over this period. However, this transpiration represented only about three-fourths of the incoming precipitation. Reasonable agreement was found between measured and simulated stand transpiration. The difference between cumulated precipitation and cumulated actual transpiration closely mimicked the course of the water table. Suggestions for further improvements to the WAVE model have been made and discussed.</p></abstract><textClass xml:lang="en"><keywords scheme="keyword"><list><head>Keywords</head><item><term>Poplar</term></item><item><term>Transpiration rate</term></item><item><term>Water balance</term></item><item><term>Sap flow</term></item></list></keywords></textClass></profileDesc><revisionDesc><change when="1999-06-25">Modified</change><change when="1999">Published</change></revisionDesc></teiHeader></istex:fulltextTEI><json:item><extension>txt</extension><original>false</original><mimetype>text/plain</mimetype><uri>https://api.istex.fr/document/DBB6630ED1A7147BB664A91D915423FBE16A3356/fulltext/txt</uri></json:item></fulltext><metadata><istex:metadataXml wicri:clean="Elsevier, elements deleted: ce:floats; body; tail"><istex:xmlDeclaration>version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"</istex:xmlDeclaration><istex:docType PUBLIC="-//ES//DTD journal article DTD version 4.5.2//EN//XML" URI="art452.dtd" name="istex:docType"><istex:entity SYSTEM="gr1" NDATA="IMAGE" name="gr1"></istex:entity><istex:entity SYSTEM="gr2" NDATA="IMAGE" name="gr2"></istex:entity><istex:entity SYSTEM="gr3" NDATA="IMAGE" name="gr3"></istex:entity><istex:entity SYSTEM="gr4" NDATA="IMAGE" name="gr4"></istex:entity><istex:entity SYSTEM="gr5" NDATA="IMAGE" name="gr5"></istex:entity><istex:entity SYSTEM="gr6" NDATA="IMAGE" name="gr6"></istex:entity><istex:entity SYSTEM="gr7" NDATA="IMAGE" name="gr7"></istex:entity><istex:entity SYSTEM="gr8" NDATA="IMAGE" name="gr8"></istex:entity><istex:entity SYSTEM="gr9" NDATA="IMAGE" name="gr9"></istex:entity></istex:docType><istex:document><converted-article version="4.5.2" docsubtype="fla" xml:lang="en"><item-info><jid>AGMET</jid><aid>2667</aid><ce:pii>S0168-1923(99)00066-0</ce:pii><ce:doi>10.1016/S0168-1923(99)00066-0</ce:doi><ce:copyright type="full-transfer" year="1999">Elsevier Science B.V.</ce:copyright></item-info><head><ce:title>Measured sap flow and simulated transpiration from a poplar stand in Flanders (Belgium)</ce:title><ce:author-group><ce:author><ce:given-name>L</ce:given-name><ce:surname>Meiresonne</ce:surname><ce:cross-ref refid="AFF1"><ce:sup>a</ce:sup></ce:cross-ref><ce:cross-ref refid="CORR1">*</ce:cross-ref><ce:e-address>linda.meiresonne@lin.vlaander.en</ce:e-address></ce:author><ce:author><ce:given-name>N</ce:given-name><ce:surname>Nadezhdin</ce:surname><ce:cross-ref refid="AFF2"><ce:sup>b</ce:sup></ce:cross-ref></ce:author><ce:author><ce:given-name>J</ce:given-name><ce:surname>Cermak</ce:surname><ce:cross-ref refid="AFF2"><ce:sup>b</ce:sup></ce:cross-ref></ce:author><ce:author><ce:given-name>J</ce:given-name><ce:surname>Van Slycken</ce:surname><ce:cross-ref refid="AFF1"><ce:sup>a</ce:sup></ce:cross-ref></ce:author><ce:author><ce:given-name>R</ce:given-name><ce:surname>Ceulemans</ce:surname><ce:cross-ref refid="AFF3"><ce:sup>c</ce:sup></ce:cross-ref></ce:author><ce:affiliation id="AFF1"><ce:label>a</ce:label><ce:textfn>Institute for Forestry and Game Management (IBW), Ministry of the Flemish Community, Gaverstraat 4 B-9500 Geraardsbergen, Belgium</ce:textfn></ce:affiliation><ce:affiliation id="AFF2"><ce:label>b</ce:label><ce:textfn>Institute of Forest Ecology, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Mendel University of Agriculture and Forestry, Zemedelska 3, CS-61300 Brno, Czech Republic</ce:textfn></ce:affiliation><ce:affiliation id="AFF3"><ce:label>c</ce:label><ce:textfn>Department of Biology, University of Antwerpen (UIA), Universiteitsplein 1 B-2610 Wilrijk, Belgium</ce:textfn></ce:affiliation><ce:correspondence id="CORR1"><ce:label>*</ce:label><ce:text>Corresponding author. Tel.: +32-54-437-118/11; fax: +32-54-410-896</ce:text></ce:correspondence></ce:author-group><ce:date-received day="15" month="6" year="1998"></ce:date-received><ce:date-revised day="25" month="6" year="1999"></ce:date-revised><ce:date-accepted day="1" month="7" year="1999"></ce:date-accepted><ce:abstract><ce:section-title>Abstract</ce:section-title><ce:abstract-sec><ce:simple-para>This study reports on the transpiration by a hybrid poplar (<ce:italic>Populus trichocarpa</ce:italic><ce:hsp sp="0.25"></ce:hsp>×<ce:hsp sp="0.25"></ce:hsp><ce:italic>P. deltoides</ce:italic>) plantation in East Flanders during 1997. Transpiration was measured by sap flow techniques on individual trees and scaled to the stand level, and was simulated by the WAVE water balance model. Relatively high transpiration values by the poplar stand were found during the growing season, with maximum and mean daily transpiration of 5 and 1.9<ce:hsp sp="0.25"></ce:hsp>mm per day, respectively. The seasonal (1 April–31 October) total transpiration amounted to 320<ce:hsp sp="0.25"></ce:hsp>mm, representing roughly 70% of the potential evapotranspiration over this period. However, this transpiration represented only about three-fourths of the incoming precipitation. Reasonable agreement was found between measured and simulated stand transpiration. The difference between cumulated precipitation and cumulated actual transpiration closely mimicked the course of the water table. Suggestions for further improvements to the WAVE model have been made and discussed.</ce:simple-para></ce:abstract-sec></ce:abstract><ce:keywords class="keyword" xml:lang="en"><ce:section-title>Keywords</ce:section-title><ce:keyword><ce:text>Poplar</ce:text></ce:keyword><ce:keyword><ce:text>Transpiration rate</ce:text></ce:keyword><ce:keyword><ce:text>Water balance</ce:text></ce:keyword><ce:keyword><ce:text>Sap flow</ce:text></ce:keyword></ce:keywords></head></converted-article></istex:document></istex:metadataXml><mods version="3.6"><titleInfo lang="en"><title>Measured sap flow and simulated transpiration from a poplar stand in Flanders (Belgium)</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="alternative" lang="en" contentType="CDATA"><title>Measured sap flow and simulated transpiration from a poplar stand in Flanders (Belgium)</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">L</namePart><namePart type="family">Meiresonne</namePart><affiliation>E-mail: linda.meiresonne@lin.vlaander.en</affiliation><affiliation>Institute for Forestry and Game Management (IBW), Ministry of the Flemish Community, Gaverstraat 4 B-9500 Geraardsbergen, Belgium</affiliation><description>Corresponding author. Tel.: +32-54-437-118/11; fax: +32-54-410-896</description><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">N</namePart><namePart type="family">Nadezhdin</namePart><affiliation>Institute of Forest Ecology, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Mendel University of Agriculture and Forestry, Zemedelska 3, CS-61300 Brno, Czech Republic</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">J</namePart><namePart type="family">Cermak</namePart><affiliation>Institute of Forest Ecology, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Mendel University of Agriculture and Forestry, Zemedelska 3, CS-61300 Brno, Czech Republic</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">J</namePart><namePart type="family">Van Slycken</namePart><affiliation>Institute for Forestry and Game Management (IBW), Ministry of the Flemish Community, Gaverstraat 4 B-9500 Geraardsbergen, Belgium</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">R</namePart><namePart type="family">Ceulemans</namePart><affiliation>Department of Biology, University of Antwerpen (UIA), Universiteitsplein 1 B-2610 Wilrijk, Belgium</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><typeOfResource>text</typeOfResource><genre type="research-article" displayLabel="Full-length article"></genre><originInfo><publisher>ELSEVIER</publisher><dateIssued encoding="w3cdtf">1999</dateIssued><dateModified encoding="w3cdtf">1999-06-25</dateModified><copyrightDate encoding="w3cdtf">1999</copyrightDate></originInfo><language><languageTerm type="code" authority="iso639-2b">eng</languageTerm><languageTerm type="code" authority="rfc3066">en</languageTerm></language><physicalDescription><internetMediaType>text/html</internetMediaType></physicalDescription><abstract lang="en">This study reports on the transpiration by a hybrid poplar (Populus trichocarpa×P. deltoides) plantation in East Flanders during 1997. Transpiration was measured by sap flow techniques on individual trees and scaled to the stand level, and was simulated by the WAVE water balance model. Relatively high transpiration values by the poplar stand were found during the growing season, with maximum and mean daily transpiration of 5 and 1.9mm per day, respectively. The seasonal (1 April–31 October) total transpiration amounted to 320mm, representing roughly 70% of the potential evapotranspiration over this period. However, this transpiration represented only about three-fourths of the incoming precipitation. Reasonable agreement was found between measured and simulated stand transpiration. The difference between cumulated precipitation and cumulated actual transpiration closely mimicked the course of the water table. Suggestions for further improvements to the WAVE model have been made and discussed.</abstract><note type="content">Fig. 1: Tree stocking density for all DBH (diameter at breast height) classes in the poplar stand in Balegem.</note><note type="content">Fig. 2: (a) Precipitation during the intensive study period (sap flow measurement campaign) of 9 August to 3 September 1997. Three specific periods (represented by A, B and C) were analysed in more detail as discussed in the text; (b) Daily totals of actual stand transpiration, as measured by the sap flow method (empty squares, thin line) and as simulated by the WAVE model (full squares, heavy line).</note><note type="content">Fig. 3: (a) Typical diurnal course of sap flow rate, (b) incoming global radiation and vapour pressure deficit (VPD), as observed on selected days with a good correlation between measured (by sap flow method) and simulated (by the WAVE model) transpiration rates during period A with no precipitation.</note><note type="content">Fig. 4: (a) Typical diurnal course of sap flow rate, (b) incoming global radiation and vapour pressure deficit (VPD) as observed on days when the actual transpiration, as measured by the sap flow method, was overestimated by the WAVE model during period B with no precipitation.</note><note type="content">Fig. 5: (a) Typical diurnal course of sap flow rate and precipitation, (b) incoming global radiation and vapour pressure deficit (VPD) as observed on days when the actual transpiration, as measured by the sap flow method, was underestimated by the WAVE model during period C when rain occurred.</note><note type="content">Fig. 6: Relation between actual transpiration (Td) of the poplar plantation, as measured by the sap flow method and scaled up to the stand level and potential evapotranspiration (Ec ). Values during a wet period: filled, black squares; values during a dry period: open, square symbols. The dotted line represents the 1:1 relationship.</note><note type="content">Fig. 7: (a) Seasonal course of potential evapotranspiration (Ec) and leaf area index at the poplar plantation during the year 1997. I: leaf growth (spring), II: fully developed leaf area (summer), III: leaf fall (autumn). Only the evolution of the leaf area index from leaf flush in the spring until leaf fall in the autumn was applied for further calculations, supposing that LAI remained constant over the major part of the growing season (i.e., June–September). (b) Seasonal course of actual daily transpiration, either measured by the sap flow method (thick line), or simulated by the WAVE model (thin line). Values of actual transpiration calculated using Ec and corrected according to leaf area index development are marked by open squares.</note><note type="content">Fig. 8: (a) Seasonal course of soil water content at different depths (horizons) and daily precipitation at the poplar plantation during the year 1997. (b) Evolution of cumulative values of precipitation (P), potential evapotranspiration (Ec) and transpiration either measured by the sap flow method (Tt) or simulated by the WAVE model (Tw) for the poplar stand.</note><note type="content">Fig. 9: (a) Seasonal course of the measured groundwater table level (H) (dotted heavy line) and of the calculated difference between cumulative precipitation (ΣP) and cumulative actual transpiration (ΣTd), either measured by the sap flow method or simulated by the WAVE model. (b) Relation between (ΣP–ΣTd) and groundwater table level for a period with almost fully developed canopy foliage. Black squares: based on sap flow measurements, open squares: based on model.</note><note type="content">Table 1: Comparative literature survey of stand transpiration of poplar (Populus)</note><note type="content">Table 2: Precipitation (P), potential evapotranspiration over grass (Er) and difference between precipitation and potential evapotranspiration (P−Er) at the experimental poplar site in Balegem (East Flanders, Belgium)a</note><note type="content">Table 3: Biometric data of the sap flow sample trees</note><note type="content">Table 4: Linear and non-linear equations relating the mean daily transpiration (Td) of the sample trees to their biometric parameters</note><subject lang="en"><genre>Keywords</genre><topic>Poplar</topic><topic>Transpiration rate</topic><topic>Water balance</topic><topic>Sap flow</topic></subject><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Agricultural and Forest Meteorology</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="abbreviated"><title>AGMET</title></titleInfo><genre type="journal">journal</genre><originInfo><dateIssued encoding="w3cdtf">19990915</dateIssued></originInfo><identifier type="ISSN">0168-1923</identifier><identifier type="PII">S0168-1923(00)X0062-7</identifier><part><date>19990915</date><detail type="volume"><number>96</number><caption>vol.</caption></detail><detail type="issue"><number>4</number><caption>no.</caption></detail><extent unit="issue pages"><start>165</start><end>240</end></extent><extent unit="pages"><start>165</start><end>179</end></extent></part></relatedItem><identifier type="istex">DBB6630ED1A7147BB664A91D915423FBE16A3356</identifier><identifier type="DOI">10.1016/S0168-1923(99)00066-0</identifier><identifier type="PII">S0168-1923(99)00066-0</identifier><accessCondition type="use and reproduction" contentType="copyright">©1999 Elsevier Science B.V.</accessCondition><recordInfo><recordContentSource>ELSEVIER</recordContentSource><recordOrigin>Elsevier Science B.V., ©1999</recordOrigin></recordInfo></mods></metadata><serie></serie></istex></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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