Is Active Management the Key to the Conservation of Saproxylic Biodiversity? Pollarding Promotes the Formation of Tree Hollows
Identifieur interne : 000210 ( Pmc/Curation ); précédent : 000209; suivant : 000211Is Active Management the Key to the Conservation of Saproxylic Biodiversity? Pollarding Promotes the Formation of Tree Hollows
Auteurs : Pavel Sebek [République tchèque] ; Jan Altman [République tchèque] ; Michal Platek [République tchèque] ; Lukas Cizek [République tchèque]Source :
- PLoS ONE [ 1932-6203 ] ; 2013.
Abstract
Trees with hollows are key features sustaining biodiversity in wooded landscapes. They host rich assemblages of often highly specialised organisms. Hollow trees, however, have become rare and localised in Europe. Many of the associated biota is thus declining or endangered. The challenge of its conservation, therefore, is to safeguard the presence of hollow trees in sufficient numbers. Populations of numerous species associated with tree hollows and dead wood are often found in habitats that were formed by formerly common traditional silvicultural practices such as coppicing, pollarding or pasture. Although it has been occasionally mentioned that such practices increase the formation of hollows and the availability of often sun-exposed dead wood, their effect has never been quantified. Our study examined the hollow incidence in pollard and non-pollard (unmanaged) willows and the effect of pollarding on incremental growth rate by tree ring analysis. The probability of hollow occurrence was substantially higher in pollard than in non-pollard trees. Young pollards, especially, form hollows much more often than non-pollards; for instance, in trees of 50 cm DBH, the probability of hollow ocurrence was ∼0.75 in pollards, but only ∼0.3 in non-pollards. No difference in growth rate was found. Pollarding thus leads to the rapid formation of tree hollows, a habitat usually associated with old trees. It is therefore potentially a very important tool in the restoration of saproxylic habitats and conservation of hollow-dependent fauna. If applied along e.g. roads and watercourses, pollarding could also be used to increase landscape connectivity for saproxylic organisms. In reserves where pollarding was formerly practiced, its restoration would be necessary to prevent loss of saproxylic biodiversity. Our results point to the importance of active management measures for maintaining availability, and spatial and temporal continuity of deadwood microhabitats.
Url:
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0060456
PubMed: 23544142
PubMed Central: 3609772
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<front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p>Trees with hollows are key features sustaining biodiversity in wooded landscapes. They host rich assemblages of often highly specialised organisms. Hollow trees, however, have become rare and localised in Europe. Many of the associated biota is thus declining or endangered. The challenge of its conservation, therefore, is to safeguard the presence of hollow trees in sufficient numbers. Populations of numerous species associated with tree hollows and dead wood are often found in habitats that were formed by formerly common traditional silvicultural practices such as coppicing, pollarding or pasture. Although it has been occasionally mentioned that such practices increase the formation of hollows and the availability of often sun-exposed dead wood, their effect has never been quantified. Our study examined the hollow incidence in pollard and non-pollard (unmanaged) willows and the effect of pollarding on incremental growth rate by tree ring analysis. The probability of hollow occurrence was substantially higher in pollard than in non-pollard trees. Young pollards, especially, form hollows much more often than non-pollards; for instance, in trees of 50 cm DBH, the probability of hollow ocurrence was ∼0.75 in pollards, but only ∼0.3 in non-pollards. No difference in growth rate was found. Pollarding thus leads to the rapid formation of tree hollows, a habitat usually associated with old trees. It is therefore potentially a very important tool in the restoration of saproxylic habitats and conservation of hollow-dependent fauna. If applied along e.g. roads and watercourses, pollarding could also be used to increase landscape connectivity for saproxylic organisms. In reserves where pollarding was formerly practiced, its restoration would be necessary to prevent loss of saproxylic biodiversity. Our results point to the importance of active management measures for maintaining availability, and spatial and temporal continuity of deadwood microhabitats.</p>
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</author>
<author><name sortKey="Schuck, A" uniqKey="Schuck A">A Schuck</name>
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<pmc article-type="research-article"><pmc-dir>properties open_access</pmc-dir>
<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">PLoS One</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">PLoS ONE</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">plos</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="pmc">plosone</journal-id>
<journal-title-group><journal-title>PLoS ONE</journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="epub">1932-6203</issn>
<publisher><publisher-name>Public Library of Science</publisher-name>
<publisher-loc>San Francisco, USA</publisher-loc>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">23544142</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="pmc">3609772</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">PONE-D-12-37352</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1371/journal.pone.0060456</article-id>
<article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject>
</subj-group>
<subj-group subj-group-type="Discipline-v2"><subject>Agriculture</subject>
<subj-group><subject>Forestry</subject>
</subj-group>
</subj-group>
<subj-group subj-group-type="Discipline-v2"><subject>Biology</subject>
<subj-group><subject>Ecology</subject>
<subj-group><subject>Biodiversity</subject>
<subject>Community Ecology</subject>
<subject>Conservation Science</subject>
<subject>Plant Ecology</subject>
<subject>Population Ecology</subject>
<subject>Restoration Ecology</subject>
<subject>Terrestrial Ecology</subject>
</subj-group>
</subj-group>
<subj-group><subject>Evolutionary Biology</subject>
<subj-group><subject>Evolutionary Ecology</subject>
</subj-group>
</subj-group>
<subj-group><subject>Plant Science</subject>
<subj-group><subject>Plants</subject>
<subj-group><subject>Trees</subject>
</subj-group>
</subj-group>
<subj-group><subject>Plant Ecology</subject>
</subj-group>
</subj-group>
<subj-group><subject>Population Biology</subject>
<subj-group><subject>Population Ecology</subject>
</subj-group>
</subj-group>
<subj-group><subject>Zoology</subject>
<subj-group><subject>Entomology</subject>
</subj-group>
</subj-group>
</subj-group>
</article-categories>
<title-group><article-title>Is Active Management the Key to the Conservation of Saproxylic Biodiversity? Pollarding Promotes the Formation of Tree Hollows</article-title>
<alt-title alt-title-type="running-head">Pollarding Promotes Hollow Formation</alt-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Sebek</surname>
<given-names>Pavel</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"><sup>2</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="corresp" rid="cor1"><sup>*</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Altman</surname>
<given-names>Jan</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"><sup>2</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"><sup>3</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Platek</surname>
<given-names>Michal</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"><sup>2</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Cizek</surname>
<given-names>Lukas</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"><sup>2</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="aff1"><label>1</label>
<addr-line>Institute of Entomology, Biology Centre of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff2"><label>2</label>
<addr-line>Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff3"><label>3</label>
<addr-line>Institute of Botany of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Pruhonice, Czech Republic</addr-line>
</aff>
<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="editor"><name><surname>Shaw</surname>
<given-names>Peter</given-names>
</name>
<role>Editor</role>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="edit1"></xref>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="edit1"><addr-line>Roehampton university, United Kingdom</addr-line>
</aff>
<author-notes><corresp id="cor1">* E-mail: <email>pav.sebek@gmail.com</email>
</corresp>
<fn fn-type="conflict"><p><bold>Competing Interests: </bold>
The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.</p>
</fn>
<fn fn-type="con"><p>Conceived and designed the experiments: LC PS. Performed the experiments: PS MP. Analyzed the data: PS JA. Wrote the paper: PS JA LC.</p>
</fn>
</author-notes>
<pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2013</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>27</day>
<month>3</month>
<year>2013</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>8</volume>
<issue>3</issue>
<elocation-id>e60456</elocation-id>
<history><date date-type="received"><day>22</day>
<month>11</month>
<year>2012</year>
</date>
<date date-type="accepted"><day>26</day>
<month>2</month>
<year>2013</year>
</date>
</history>
<permissions><copyright-year>2013</copyright-year>
<copyright-holder>Sebek et al</copyright-holder>
<license><license-p>This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.</license-p>
</license>
</permissions>
<abstract><p>Trees with hollows are key features sustaining biodiversity in wooded landscapes. They host rich assemblages of often highly specialised organisms. Hollow trees, however, have become rare and localised in Europe. Many of the associated biota is thus declining or endangered. The challenge of its conservation, therefore, is to safeguard the presence of hollow trees in sufficient numbers. Populations of numerous species associated with tree hollows and dead wood are often found in habitats that were formed by formerly common traditional silvicultural practices such as coppicing, pollarding or pasture. Although it has been occasionally mentioned that such practices increase the formation of hollows and the availability of often sun-exposed dead wood, their effect has never been quantified. Our study examined the hollow incidence in pollard and non-pollard (unmanaged) willows and the effect of pollarding on incremental growth rate by tree ring analysis. The probability of hollow occurrence was substantially higher in pollard than in non-pollard trees. Young pollards, especially, form hollows much more often than non-pollards; for instance, in trees of 50 cm DBH, the probability of hollow ocurrence was ∼0.75 in pollards, but only ∼0.3 in non-pollards. No difference in growth rate was found. Pollarding thus leads to the rapid formation of tree hollows, a habitat usually associated with old trees. It is therefore potentially a very important tool in the restoration of saproxylic habitats and conservation of hollow-dependent fauna. If applied along e.g. roads and watercourses, pollarding could also be used to increase landscape connectivity for saproxylic organisms. In reserves where pollarding was formerly practiced, its restoration would be necessary to prevent loss of saproxylic biodiversity. Our results point to the importance of active management measures for maintaining availability, and spatial and temporal continuity of deadwood microhabitats.</p>
</abstract>
<funding-group><funding-statement>The study and its authors were supported by the Czech Science Foundation (P504/12/1952; <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.gacr.cz">http://www.gacr.cz</ext-link>
), the Technology Agency of the Czech Republic (TA02021501; <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.tacr.cz">http://www.tacr.cz</ext-link>
), Grant Agency of University of South Bohemia (145/2010/P; <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.jcu.cz/research/gaju">http://www.jcu.cz/research/gaju</ext-link>
), and the project Biodiversity of Forest Ecosystems (CZ.1.07/2.3.00/20.0064; <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://biodiverzita.prf.jcu.cz">http://biodiverzita.prf.jcu.cz</ext-link>
) co-financed by the European Social Fund and the state budget of the Czech Republic. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.</funding-statement>
</funding-group>
<counts><page-count count="6"></page-count>
</counts>
</article-meta>
</front>
</pmc>
</record>
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