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<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">A plant’s perspective of extremes: Terrestrial plant responses to changing climatic variability</title><author><name sortKey="Reyer, C" sort="Reyer, C" uniqKey="Reyer C" first="C." last="Reyer">C. Reyer</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1">Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research, Telegrafenberg, P.O. Box 601203 14412 Potsdam, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Leuzinger, S" sort="Leuzinger, S" uniqKey="Leuzinger S" first="S." last="Leuzinger">S. Leuzinger</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A2">School of Applied Sciences, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland 1142, New Zealand</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A3">Institute of Terrestrial Ecosystems ITES, ETH Zürich, Universitätstrasse 16, CH-8092 Zürich, Switzerland</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A4">Institute of Botany, University of Basel, Schönbeinstrasse 6, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rammig, A" sort="Rammig, A" uniqKey="Rammig A" first="A." last="Rammig">A. Rammig</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1">Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research, Telegrafenberg, P.O. Box 601203 14412 Potsdam, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wolf, A" sort="Wolf, A" uniqKey="Wolf A" first="A." last="Wolf">A. Wolf</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A3">Institute of Terrestrial Ecosystems ITES, ETH Zürich, Universitätstrasse 16, CH-8092 Zürich, Switzerland</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bartholomeus, R P" sort="Bartholomeus, R P" uniqKey="Bartholomeus R" first="R. P." last="Bartholomeus">R. P. Bartholomeus</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A5">KWR Watercycle Research Institute, P.O. Box 1072, 3430 BB Nieuwegein, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bonfante, A" sort="Bonfante, A" uniqKey="Bonfante A" first="A." last="Bonfante">A. Bonfante</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A6">National Research Council of Italy, Institute for Mediterranean Agricultural and Forest Systems (CNR-ISAFoM), via Patacca 85, 80056 Ercolano (NA), Italy</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="De Lorenzi, F" sort="De Lorenzi, F" uniqKey="De Lorenzi F" first="F." last="De Lorenzi">F. De Lorenzi</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A6">National Research Council of Italy, Institute for Mediterranean Agricultural and Forest Systems (CNR-ISAFoM), via Patacca 85, 80056 Ercolano (NA), Italy</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Dury, M" sort="Dury, M" uniqKey="Dury M" first="M." last="Dury">M. Dury</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A7">Unité de Modélisation du Climat et des Cycles Biogéochimiques, Université de Liège, Bât. B5c, Allée du Six Août 17, B-4000 Liège, Belgium</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gloning, P" sort="Gloning, P" uniqKey="Gloning P" first="P." last="Gloning">P. Gloning</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A8">Chair of Ecoclimatology, Technische Universität München, Hans-Carl-von-Carlowitz-Platz 2, 85354 Freising, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Abou Jaoude, R" sort="Abou Jaoude, R" uniqKey="Abou Jaoude R" first="R." last="Abou Jaoudé">R. Abou Jaoudé</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A9">Department for Innovation in Biological, Agro-food and Forest systems (DIBAF), University of Tuscia, via S. Camillo de Lellis snc – 01100 Viterbo Italy</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Klein, T" sort="Klein, T" uniqKey="Klein T" first="T." last="Klein">T. Klein</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A10">Department of Environmental Sciences and Energy Research, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kuster, T M" sort="Kuster, T M" uniqKey="Kuster T" first="T. M." last="Kuster">T. M. Kuster</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A3">Institute of Terrestrial Ecosystems ITES, ETH Zürich, Universitätstrasse 16, CH-8092 Zürich, Switzerland</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A11">Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Zürcherstr. 111, CH-8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Martins, M" sort="Martins, M" uniqKey="Martins M" first="M." last="Martins">M. Martins</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A12">Institute of Geography and Spatial Planning (IGOT), University of Lisbon, Edifício da Faculdade de Letras, Alameda da Universidade, 1600-214, Lisboa, Portugal</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Niedrist, G" sort="Niedrist, G" uniqKey="Niedrist G" first="G." last="Niedrist">G. Niedrist</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A13">Institute for Alpine Environment, European Academy of Bolzano/Bozen, Drususallee 1, 39100 Bolzano/Bozen, Italy</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A14">Institute of Ecology, University of Innsbruck, Sternwartestr. 15, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Riccardi, M" sort="Riccardi, M" uniqKey="Riccardi M" first="M." last="Riccardi">M. Riccardi</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A6">National Research Council of Italy, Institute for Mediterranean Agricultural and Forest Systems (CNR-ISAFoM), via Patacca 85, 80056 Ercolano (NA), Italy</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wohlfahrt, G" sort="Wohlfahrt, G" uniqKey="Wohlfahrt G" first="G." last="Wohlfahrt">G. Wohlfahrt</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A14">Institute of Ecology, University of Innsbruck, Sternwartestr. 15, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="De Angelis, P" sort="De Angelis, P" uniqKey="De Angelis P" first="P." last="De Angelis">P. De Angelis</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A9">Department for Innovation in Biological, Agro-food and Forest systems (DIBAF), University of Tuscia, via S. Camillo de Lellis snc – 01100 Viterbo Italy</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="De Dato, G" sort="De Dato, G" uniqKey="De Dato G" first="G." last="De Dato">G. De Dato</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A9">Department for Innovation in Biological, Agro-food and Forest systems (DIBAF), University of Tuscia, via S. Camillo de Lellis snc – 01100 Viterbo Italy</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Francois, L" sort="Francois, L" uniqKey="Francois L" first="L." last="François">L. François</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A7">Unité de Modélisation du Climat et des Cycles Biogéochimiques, Université de Liège, Bât. B5c, Allée du Six Août 17, B-4000 Liège, Belgium</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Menzel, A" sort="Menzel, A" uniqKey="Menzel A" first="A." last="Menzel">A. Menzel</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A8">Chair of Ecoclimatology, Technische Universität München, Hans-Carl-von-Carlowitz-Platz 2, 85354 Freising, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pereira, M" sort="Pereira, M" uniqKey="Pereira M" first="M." last="Pereira">M. Pereira</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A15">University of Évora, Department of Landscape, Environment and Planning, Colégio Luis António Verney Rua Romão Ramalho, 7000-671, Évora, Portugal</nlm:aff></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno><idno type="pmid">23504722</idno><idno type="pmc">3857548</idno><idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3857548</idno><idno type="RBID">PMC:3857548</idno><idno type="doi">10.1111/gcb.12023</idno><date when="2012">2012</date><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">000164</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PMC">000164</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">A plant’s perspective of extremes: Terrestrial plant responses to changing climatic variability</title><author><name sortKey="Reyer, C" sort="Reyer, C" uniqKey="Reyer C" first="C." last="Reyer">C. Reyer</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1">Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research, Telegrafenberg, P.O. Box 601203 14412 Potsdam, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Leuzinger, S" sort="Leuzinger, S" uniqKey="Leuzinger S" first="S." last="Leuzinger">S. Leuzinger</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A2">School of Applied Sciences, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland 1142, New Zealand</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A3">Institute of Terrestrial Ecosystems ITES, ETH Zürich, Universitätstrasse 16, CH-8092 Zürich, Switzerland</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A4">Institute of Botany, University of Basel, Schönbeinstrasse 6, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rammig, A" sort="Rammig, A" uniqKey="Rammig A" first="A." last="Rammig">A. Rammig</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1">Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research, Telegrafenberg, P.O. Box 601203 14412 Potsdam, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wolf, A" sort="Wolf, A" uniqKey="Wolf A" first="A." last="Wolf">A. Wolf</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A3">Institute of Terrestrial Ecosystems ITES, ETH Zürich, Universitätstrasse 16, CH-8092 Zürich, Switzerland</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bartholomeus, R P" sort="Bartholomeus, R P" uniqKey="Bartholomeus R" first="R. P." last="Bartholomeus">R. P. Bartholomeus</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A5">KWR Watercycle Research Institute, P.O. Box 1072, 3430 BB Nieuwegein, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bonfante, A" sort="Bonfante, A" uniqKey="Bonfante A" first="A." last="Bonfante">A. Bonfante</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A6">National Research Council of Italy, Institute for Mediterranean Agricultural and Forest Systems (CNR-ISAFoM), via Patacca 85, 80056 Ercolano (NA), Italy</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="De Lorenzi, F" sort="De Lorenzi, F" uniqKey="De Lorenzi F" first="F." last="De Lorenzi">F. De Lorenzi</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A6">National Research Council of Italy, Institute for Mediterranean Agricultural and Forest Systems (CNR-ISAFoM), via Patacca 85, 80056 Ercolano (NA), Italy</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Dury, M" sort="Dury, M" uniqKey="Dury M" first="M." last="Dury">M. Dury</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A7">Unité de Modélisation du Climat et des Cycles Biogéochimiques, Université de Liège, Bât. B5c, Allée du Six Août 17, B-4000 Liège, Belgium</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gloning, P" sort="Gloning, P" uniqKey="Gloning P" first="P." last="Gloning">P. Gloning</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A8">Chair of Ecoclimatology, Technische Universität München, Hans-Carl-von-Carlowitz-Platz 2, 85354 Freising, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Abou Jaoude, R" sort="Abou Jaoude, R" uniqKey="Abou Jaoude R" first="R." last="Abou Jaoudé">R. Abou Jaoudé</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A9">Department for Innovation in Biological, Agro-food and Forest systems (DIBAF), University of Tuscia, via S. Camillo de Lellis snc – 01100 Viterbo Italy</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Klein, T" sort="Klein, T" uniqKey="Klein T" first="T." last="Klein">T. Klein</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A10">Department of Environmental Sciences and Energy Research, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kuster, T M" sort="Kuster, T M" uniqKey="Kuster T" first="T. M." last="Kuster">T. M. Kuster</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A3">Institute of Terrestrial Ecosystems ITES, ETH Zürich, Universitätstrasse 16, CH-8092 Zürich, Switzerland</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A11">Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Zürcherstr. 111, CH-8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Martins, M" sort="Martins, M" uniqKey="Martins M" first="M." last="Martins">M. Martins</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A12">Institute of Geography and Spatial Planning (IGOT), University of Lisbon, Edifício da Faculdade de Letras, Alameda da Universidade, 1600-214, Lisboa, Portugal</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Niedrist, G" sort="Niedrist, G" uniqKey="Niedrist G" first="G." last="Niedrist">G. Niedrist</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A13">Institute for Alpine Environment, European Academy of Bolzano/Bozen, Drususallee 1, 39100 Bolzano/Bozen, Italy</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A14">Institute of Ecology, University of Innsbruck, Sternwartestr. 15, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Riccardi, M" sort="Riccardi, M" uniqKey="Riccardi M" first="M." last="Riccardi">M. Riccardi</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A6">National Research Council of Italy, Institute for Mediterranean Agricultural and Forest Systems (CNR-ISAFoM), via Patacca 85, 80056 Ercolano (NA), Italy</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wohlfahrt, G" sort="Wohlfahrt, G" uniqKey="Wohlfahrt G" first="G." last="Wohlfahrt">G. Wohlfahrt</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A14">Institute of Ecology, University of Innsbruck, Sternwartestr. 15, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="De Angelis, P" sort="De Angelis, P" uniqKey="De Angelis P" first="P." last="De Angelis">P. De Angelis</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A9">Department for Innovation in Biological, Agro-food and Forest systems (DIBAF), University of Tuscia, via S. Camillo de Lellis snc – 01100 Viterbo Italy</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="De Dato, G" sort="De Dato, G" uniqKey="De Dato G" first="G." last="De Dato">G. De Dato</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A9">Department for Innovation in Biological, Agro-food and Forest systems (DIBAF), University of Tuscia, via S. Camillo de Lellis snc – 01100 Viterbo Italy</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Francois, L" sort="Francois, L" uniqKey="Francois L" first="L." last="François">L. François</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A7">Unité de Modélisation du Climat et des Cycles Biogéochimiques, Université de Liège, Bât. B5c, Allée du Six Août 17, B-4000 Liège, Belgium</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Menzel, A" sort="Menzel, A" uniqKey="Menzel A" first="A." last="Menzel">A. Menzel</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A8">Chair of Ecoclimatology, Technische Universität München, Hans-Carl-von-Carlowitz-Platz 2, 85354 Freising, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pereira, M" sort="Pereira, M" uniqKey="Pereira M" first="M." last="Pereira">M. Pereira</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A15">University of Évora, Department of Landscape, Environment and Planning, Colégio Luis António Verney Rua Romão Ramalho, 7000-671, Évora, Portugal</nlm:aff></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Global change biology</title><idno type="ISSN">1354-1013</idno><idno type="eISSN">1365-2486</idno><imprint><date when="2012">2012</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p id="P1">We review observational, experimental and model results on how plants respond to extreme climatic conditions induced by changing climatic variability. Distinguishing between impacts of changing mean climatic conditions and changing climatic variability on terrestrial ecosystems is generally underrated in current studies. The goals of our review are thus (1) to identify plant processes that are vulnerable to changes in the variability of climatic variables rather than to changes in their mean, and (2) to depict/evaluate available study designs to quantify responses of plants to changing climatic variability. We find that phenology is largely affected by changing mean climate but also that impacts of climatic variability are much less studied but potentially damaging. We note that plant water relations seem to be very vulnerable to extremes driven by changes in temperature and precipitation and that heatwaves and flooding have stronger impacts on physiological processes than changing mean climate. Moreover, interacting phenological and physiological processes are likely to further complicate plant responses to changing climatic variability. Phenological and physiological processes and their interactions culminate in even more sophisticated responses to changing mean climate and climatic variability at the species and community level. Generally, observational studies are well suited to study plant responses to changing mean climate, but less suitable to gain a mechanistic understanding of plant responses to climatic variability. Experiments seem best suited to simulate extreme events. In models, temporal resolution and model structure are crucial to capture plant responses to changing climatic variability. We highlight that a combination of experimental, observational and /or modeling studies have the potential to overcome important caveats of the respective individual approaches.</p></div></front></TEI><pmc article-type="research-article"><pmc-comment>The publisher of this article does not allow downloading of the full text in XML form.</pmc-comment>
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<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-journal-id">9888746</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="pubmed-jr-id">33876</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Glob Chang Biol</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">Glob Chang Biol</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title>Global change biology</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1354-1013</issn><issn pub-type="epub">1365-2486</issn></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">23504722</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="pmc">3857548</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1111/gcb.12023</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="manuscript">EMS55912</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>A plant’s perspective of extremes: Terrestrial plant responses to changing climatic variability</article-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Reyer</surname><given-names>C.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">1</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Leuzinger</surname><given-names>S.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A2">2</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A3">3</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A4">4</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Rammig</surname><given-names>A.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">1</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Wolf</surname><given-names>A.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A3">3</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Bartholomeus</surname><given-names>R. P.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A5">5</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Bonfante</surname><given-names>A.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A6">6</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>de Lorenzi</surname><given-names>F.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A6">6</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Dury</surname><given-names>M.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A7">7</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Gloning</surname><given-names>P.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A8">8</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Abou Jaoudé</surname><given-names>R.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A9">9</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Klein</surname><given-names>T.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A10">10</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Kuster</surname><given-names>T. M.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A3">3</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A11">11</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Martins</surname><given-names>M.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A12">12</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Niedrist</surname><given-names>G.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A13">13</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A14">14</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Riccardi</surname><given-names>M.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A6">6</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Wohlfahrt</surname><given-names>G.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A14">14</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>de Angelis</surname><given-names>P.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A9">9</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>de Dato</surname><given-names>G.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A9">9</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>François</surname><given-names>L.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A7">7</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Menzel</surname><given-names>A.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A8">8</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Pereira</surname><given-names>M.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A15">15</xref></contrib></contrib-group><aff id="A1"><label>1</label>Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research, Telegrafenberg, P.O. Box 601203 14412 Potsdam, Germany</aff><aff id="A2"><label>2</label>School of Applied Sciences, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland 1142, New Zealand</aff><aff id="A3"><label>3</label>Institute of Terrestrial Ecosystems ITES, ETH Zürich, Universitätstrasse 16, CH-8092 Zürich, Switzerland</aff><aff id="A4"><label>4</label>Institute of Botany, University of Basel, Schönbeinstrasse 6, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland</aff><aff id="A5"><label>5</label>KWR Watercycle Research Institute, P.O. Box 1072, 3430 BB Nieuwegein, The Netherlands</aff><aff id="A6"><label>6</label>National Research Council of Italy, Institute for Mediterranean Agricultural and Forest Systems (CNR-ISAFoM), via Patacca 85, 80056 Ercolano (NA), Italy</aff><aff id="A7"><label>7</label>Unité de Modélisation du Climat et des Cycles Biogéochimiques, Université de Liège, Bât. B5c, Allée du Six Août 17, B-4000 Liège, Belgium</aff><aff id="A8"><label>8</label>Chair of Ecoclimatology, Technische Universität München, Hans-Carl-von-Carlowitz-Platz 2, 85354 Freising, Germany</aff><aff id="A9"><label>9</label>Department for Innovation in Biological, Agro-food and Forest systems (DIBAF), University of Tuscia, via S. Camillo de Lellis snc – 01100 Viterbo Italy</aff><aff id="A10"><label>10</label>Department of Environmental Sciences and Energy Research, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel</aff><aff id="A11"><label>11</label>Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Zürcherstr. 111, CH-8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland</aff><aff id="A12"><label>12</label>Institute of Geography and Spatial Planning (IGOT), University of Lisbon, Edifício da Faculdade de Letras, Alameda da Universidade, 1600-214, Lisboa, Portugal</aff><aff id="A13"><label>13</label>Institute for Alpine Environment, European Academy of Bolzano/Bozen, Drususallee 1, 39100 Bolzano/Bozen, Italy</aff><aff id="A14"><label>14</label>Institute of Ecology, University of Innsbruck, Sternwartestr. 15, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria</aff><aff id="A15"><label>15</label>University of Évora, Department of Landscape, Environment and Planning, Colégio Luis António Verney Rua Romão Ramalho, 7000-671, Évora, Portugal</aff><author-notes><corresp id="CR1">Corresponding author: C. Reyer (<email>reyer@pik-potsdam.de</email>); Tel.: +49 331 28820725</corresp></author-notes><pub-date pub-type="nihms-submitted"><day>5</day><month>12</month><year>2013</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>09</day><month>10</month><year>2012</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="ppub"><month>1</month><year>2013</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="pmc-release"><day>10</day><month>12</month><year>2013</year></pub-date><volume>19</volume><issue>1</issue><elocation-id>10.1111/gcb.12023</elocation-id><abstract><p id="P1">We review observational, experimental and model results on how plants respond to extreme climatic conditions induced by changing climatic variability. Distinguishing between impacts of changing mean climatic conditions and changing climatic variability on terrestrial ecosystems is generally underrated in current studies. The goals of our review are thus (1) to identify plant processes that are vulnerable to changes in the variability of climatic variables rather than to changes in their mean, and (2) to depict/evaluate available study designs to quantify responses of plants to changing climatic variability. We find that phenology is largely affected by changing mean climate but also that impacts of climatic variability are much less studied but potentially damaging. We note that plant water relations seem to be very vulnerable to extremes driven by changes in temperature and precipitation and that heatwaves and flooding have stronger impacts on physiological processes than changing mean climate. Moreover, interacting phenological and physiological processes are likely to further complicate plant responses to changing climatic variability. Phenological and physiological processes and their interactions culminate in even more sophisticated responses to changing mean climate and climatic variability at the species and community level. Generally, observational studies are well suited to study plant responses to changing mean climate, but less suitable to gain a mechanistic understanding of plant responses to climatic variability. Experiments seem best suited to simulate extreme events. In models, temporal resolution and model structure are crucial to capture plant responses to changing climatic variability. We highlight that a combination of experimental, observational and /or modeling studies have the potential to overcome important caveats of the respective individual approaches.</p></abstract><kwd-group><kwd>climate change</kwd><kwd>plant phenology</kwd><kwd>plant physiology</kwd><kwd>observations</kwd><kwd>experiments</kwd><kwd>models</kwd><kwd>combined approaches</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><award-group><funding-source country="Austria">Austrian Science Fund FWF : </funding-source><award-id>P 23267-B16 || FWF_</award-id></award-group><award-group><funding-source country="Austria">Austrian Science Fund FWF : </funding-source><award-id>P 19849-B16 || FWF_</award-id></award-group><award-group><funding-source country="Austria">Austrian Science Fund FWF : </funding-source><award-id>P 17560-B03 || FWF_</award-id></award-group></funding-group></article-meta></front></pmc></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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