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<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Reproductive isolation and hybridization in sympatric populations of three <italic>Dactylorhiza</italic>
species (Orchidaceae) with different ploidy levels</title>
<author><name sortKey="De Hert, Koen" sort="De Hert, Koen" uniqKey="De Hert K" first="Koen" last="De Hert">Koen De Hert</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="af1"><addr-line>Biology Department, Laboratory of Plant Ecology, University of Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 31, B-3001 Heverlee, Belgium</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Jacquemyn, Hans" sort="Jacquemyn, Hans" uniqKey="Jacquemyn H" first="Hans" last="Jacquemyn">Hans Jacquemyn</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="af1"><addr-line>Biology Department, Laboratory of Plant Ecology, University of Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 31, B-3001 Heverlee, Belgium</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Van Glabeke, Sabine" sort="Van Glabeke, Sabine" uniqKey="Van Glabeke S" first="Sabine" last="Van Glabeke">Sabine Van Glabeke</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="af2"><addr-line>Institute for Agricultural and Fisheries Research (ILVO), Plant Sciences Unit, Caritasstraat 21, B-9090 Melle, Belgium</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Roldan Ruiz, Isabel" sort="Roldan Ruiz, Isabel" uniqKey="Roldan Ruiz I" first="Isabel" last="Roldán-Ruiz">Isabel Roldán-Ruiz</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="af2"><addr-line>Institute for Agricultural and Fisheries Research (ILVO), Plant Sciences Unit, Caritasstraat 21, B-9090 Melle, Belgium</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Vandepitte, Katrien" sort="Vandepitte, Katrien" uniqKey="Vandepitte K" first="Katrien" last="Vandepitte">Katrien Vandepitte</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="af1"><addr-line>Biology Department, Laboratory of Plant Ecology, University of Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 31, B-3001 Heverlee, Belgium</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Leus, Leen" sort="Leus, Leen" uniqKey="Leus L" first="Leen" last="Leus">Leen Leus</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="af2"><addr-line>Institute for Agricultural and Fisheries Research (ILVO), Plant Sciences Unit, Caritasstraat 21, B-9090 Melle, Belgium</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Honnay, Olivier" sort="Honnay, Olivier" uniqKey="Honnay O" first="Olivier" last="Honnay">Olivier Honnay</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="af1"><addr-line>Biology Department, Laboratory of Plant Ecology, University of Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 31, B-3001 Heverlee, Belgium</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
</titleStmt>
<publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno>
<idno type="pmid">22186278</idno>
<idno type="pmc">3286275</idno>
<idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3286275</idno>
<idno type="RBID">PMC:3286275</idno>
<idno type="doi">10.1093/aob/mcr305</idno>
<date when="2011">2011</date>
<idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">000141</idno>
<idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PMC">000141</idno>
</publicationStmt>
<sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Reproductive isolation and hybridization in sympatric populations of three <italic>Dactylorhiza</italic>
species (Orchidaceae) with different ploidy levels</title>
<author><name sortKey="De Hert, Koen" sort="De Hert, Koen" uniqKey="De Hert K" first="Koen" last="De Hert">Koen De Hert</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="af1"><addr-line>Biology Department, Laboratory of Plant Ecology, University of Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 31, B-3001 Heverlee, Belgium</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Jacquemyn, Hans" sort="Jacquemyn, Hans" uniqKey="Jacquemyn H" first="Hans" last="Jacquemyn">Hans Jacquemyn</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="af1"><addr-line>Biology Department, Laboratory of Plant Ecology, University of Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 31, B-3001 Heverlee, Belgium</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Van Glabeke, Sabine" sort="Van Glabeke, Sabine" uniqKey="Van Glabeke S" first="Sabine" last="Van Glabeke">Sabine Van Glabeke</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="af2"><addr-line>Institute for Agricultural and Fisheries Research (ILVO), Plant Sciences Unit, Caritasstraat 21, B-9090 Melle, Belgium</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Roldan Ruiz, Isabel" sort="Roldan Ruiz, Isabel" uniqKey="Roldan Ruiz I" first="Isabel" last="Roldán-Ruiz">Isabel Roldán-Ruiz</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="af2"><addr-line>Institute for Agricultural and Fisheries Research (ILVO), Plant Sciences Unit, Caritasstraat 21, B-9090 Melle, Belgium</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Vandepitte, Katrien" sort="Vandepitte, Katrien" uniqKey="Vandepitte K" first="Katrien" last="Vandepitte">Katrien Vandepitte</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="af1"><addr-line>Biology Department, Laboratory of Plant Ecology, University of Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 31, B-3001 Heverlee, Belgium</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Leus, Leen" sort="Leus, Leen" uniqKey="Leus L" first="Leen" last="Leus">Leen Leus</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="af2"><addr-line>Institute for Agricultural and Fisheries Research (ILVO), Plant Sciences Unit, Caritasstraat 21, B-9090 Melle, Belgium</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Honnay, Olivier" sort="Honnay, Olivier" uniqKey="Honnay O" first="Olivier" last="Honnay">Olivier Honnay</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="af1"><addr-line>Biology Department, Laboratory of Plant Ecology, University of Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 31, B-3001 Heverlee, Belgium</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
</analytic>
<series><title level="j">Annals of Botany</title>
<idno type="ISSN">0305-7364</idno>
<idno type="eISSN">1095-8290</idno>
<imprint><date when="2011">2011</date>
</imprint>
</series>
</biblStruct>
</sourceDesc>
</fileDesc>
<profileDesc><textClass></textClass>
</profileDesc>
</teiHeader>
<front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Background and Aims</title>
<p>The potential for gene exchange between species with different ploidy levels has long been recognized, but only a few studies have tested this hypothesis <italic>in situ</italic>
and most of them focused on not more than two co-occurring species. In this study, we examined hybridization patterns in two sites containing three species of the genus <italic>Dactylorhiza</italic>
(diploid <italic>D. incarnata</italic>
and <italic>D. fuchsii</italic>
and their allotetraploid derivative <italic>D. praetermissa</italic>
).</p>
</sec>
<sec><title>Methods</title>
<p>To compare the strength of reproductive barriers between diploid species, and between diploid and tetraploid species, crossing experiments were combined with morphometric and molecular analyses using amplified fragment length polymorphism markers, whereas flow cytometric analyses were used to verify the hybrid origin of putative hybrids.</p>
</sec>
<sec><title>Key Results</title>
<p>In both sites, extensive hybridization was observed, indicating that gene flow between species is possible within the investigated populations. Bayesian assignment analyses indicated that the majority of hybrids were <italic>F</italic>
<sub>1</sub>
hybrids, but in some cases triple hybrids (hybrids with three species as parents) were observed, suggesting secondary gene flow. Crossing experiments showed that only crosses between pure species yielded a high percentage of viable seeds. When hybrids were involved as either pollen-receptor or pollen-donor, almost no viable seeds were formed, indicating strong post-zygotic reproductive isolation and high sterility.</p>
</sec>
<sec><title>Conclusions</title>
<p>Strong post-mating reproductive barriers prevent local breakdown of species boundaries in <italic>Dactylorhiza</italic>
despite frequent hybridization between parental species. However, the presence of triple hybrids indicates that in some cases hybridization may extend the <italic>F</italic>
<sub>1</sub>
generation.</p>
</sec>
</div>
</front>
</TEI>
<pmc article-type="research-article"><pmc-comment>The publisher of this article does not allow downloading of the full text in XML form.</pmc-comment>
<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Ann Bot</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">annbot</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="hwp">annbot</journal-id>
<journal-title-group><journal-title>Annals of Botany</journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="ppub">0305-7364</issn>
<issn pub-type="epub">1095-8290</issn>
<publisher><publisher-name>Oxford University Press</publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">22186278</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="pmc">3286275</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1093/aob/mcr305</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">mcr305</article-id>
<article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Original Articles</subject>
</subj-group>
</article-categories>
<title-group><article-title>Reproductive isolation and hybridization in sympatric populations of three <italic>Dactylorhiza</italic>
species (Orchidaceae) with different ploidy levels</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>De hert</surname>
<given-names>Koen</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="af1">1</xref>
<xref ref-type="corresp" rid="cor1">*</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Jacquemyn</surname>
<given-names>Hans</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="af1">1</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Van Glabeke</surname>
<given-names>Sabine</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="af2">2</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Roldán-Ruiz</surname>
<given-names>Isabel</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="af2">2</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Vandepitte</surname>
<given-names>Katrien</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="af1">1</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Leus</surname>
<given-names>Leen</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="af2">2</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Honnay</surname>
<given-names>Olivier</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="af1">1</xref>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="af1"><label>1</label>
<addr-line>Biology Department, Laboratory of Plant Ecology, University of Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 31, B-3001 Heverlee, Belgium</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="af2"><label>2</label>
<addr-line>Institute for Agricultural and Fisheries Research (ILVO), Plant Sciences Unit, Caritasstraat 21, B-9090 Melle, Belgium</addr-line>
</aff>
<author-notes><corresp id="cor1"><label>*</label>
For correspondence. E-mail <email>koen.dehert@bio.kuleuven.be</email>
</corresp>
</author-notes>
<pub-date pub-type="ppub"><month>3</month>
<year>2012</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>19</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2011</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>109</volume>
<issue>4</issue>
<fpage>709</fpage>
<lpage>720</lpage>
<history><date date-type="received"><day>23</day>
<month>6</month>
<year>2011</year>
</date>
<date date-type="rev-request"><day>14</day>
<month>9</month>
<year>2011</year>
</date>
<date date-type="accepted"><day>11</day>
<month>11</month>
<year>2011</year>
</date>
</history>
<permissions><copyright-statement>© The Author 2011. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Annals of Botany Company. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oup.com</copyright-statement>
<copyright-year>2012</copyright-year>
</permissions>
<self-uri content-type="pdf" xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="mcr305.pdf"></self-uri>
<abstract><sec><title>Background and Aims</title>
<p>The potential for gene exchange between species with different ploidy levels has long been recognized, but only a few studies have tested this hypothesis <italic>in situ</italic>
and most of them focused on not more than two co-occurring species. In this study, we examined hybridization patterns in two sites containing three species of the genus <italic>Dactylorhiza</italic>
(diploid <italic>D. incarnata</italic>
and <italic>D. fuchsii</italic>
and their allotetraploid derivative <italic>D. praetermissa</italic>
).</p>
</sec>
<sec><title>Methods</title>
<p>To compare the strength of reproductive barriers between diploid species, and between diploid and tetraploid species, crossing experiments were combined with morphometric and molecular analyses using amplified fragment length polymorphism markers, whereas flow cytometric analyses were used to verify the hybrid origin of putative hybrids.</p>
</sec>
<sec><title>Key Results</title>
<p>In both sites, extensive hybridization was observed, indicating that gene flow between species is possible within the investigated populations. Bayesian assignment analyses indicated that the majority of hybrids were <italic>F</italic>
<sub>1</sub>
hybrids, but in some cases triple hybrids (hybrids with three species as parents) were observed, suggesting secondary gene flow. Crossing experiments showed that only crosses between pure species yielded a high percentage of viable seeds. When hybrids were involved as either pollen-receptor or pollen-donor, almost no viable seeds were formed, indicating strong post-zygotic reproductive isolation and high sterility.</p>
</sec>
<sec><title>Conclusions</title>
<p>Strong post-mating reproductive barriers prevent local breakdown of species boundaries in <italic>Dactylorhiza</italic>
despite frequent hybridization between parental species. However, the presence of triple hybrids indicates that in some cases hybridization may extend the <italic>F</italic>
<sub>1</sub>
generation.</p>
</sec>
</abstract>
<kwd-group><kwd>AFLP</kwd>
<kwd><italic>Dactylorhiza incarnata</italic>
</kwd>
<kwd><italic>Dactylorhiza praetermissa</italic>
</kwd>
<kwd>genetic analysis</kwd>
<kwd>hybridization</kwd>
<kwd>morphology</kwd>
<kwd>polyploidy</kwd>
<kwd>reproductive isolation</kwd>
<kwd>triple hybrid</kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front>
</pmc>
</record>
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