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<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Anatomical features associated with water transport in imperforate tracheary elements of vessel-bearing angiosperms</title>
<author><name sortKey="Sano, Yuzou" sort="Sano, Yuzou" uniqKey="Sano Y" first="Yuzou" last="Sano">Yuzou Sano</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="af1"><addr-line>Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8589, Japan</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Morris, Hugh" sort="Morris, Hugh" uniqKey="Morris H" first="Hugh" last="Morris">Hugh Morris</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="af2"><addr-line>Jodrell Laboratory, Royal Botanic Gardens Kew, Richmond, Surrey TW9 3DS, UK</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Shimada, Hiroshi" sort="Shimada, Hiroshi" uniqKey="Shimada H" first="Hiroshi" last="Shimada">Hiroshi Shimada</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="af1"><addr-line>Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8589, Japan</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ronse De Craene, Louis P" sort="Ronse De Craene, Louis P" uniqKey="Ronse De Craene L" first="Louis P." last="Ronse De Craene">Louis P. Ronse De Craene</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="af3"><addr-line>Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, 20A Inverleith Row, Edinburgh EH3 5LR, Scotland, UK</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Jansen, Steven" sort="Jansen, Steven" uniqKey="Jansen S" first="Steven" last="Jansen">Steven Jansen</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="af2"><addr-line>Jodrell Laboratory, Royal Botanic Gardens Kew, Richmond, Surrey TW9 3DS, UK</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
</titleStmt>
<publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno>
<idno type="pmid">21385773</idno>
<idno type="pmc">3080625</idno>
<idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3080625</idno>
<idno type="RBID">PMC:3080625</idno>
<idno type="doi">10.1093/aob/mcr042</idno>
<date when="2011">2011</date>
<idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">000139</idno>
<idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PMC">000139</idno>
</publicationStmt>
<sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Anatomical features associated with water transport in imperforate tracheary elements of vessel-bearing angiosperms</title>
<author><name sortKey="Sano, Yuzou" sort="Sano, Yuzou" uniqKey="Sano Y" first="Yuzou" last="Sano">Yuzou Sano</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="af1"><addr-line>Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8589, Japan</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Morris, Hugh" sort="Morris, Hugh" uniqKey="Morris H" first="Hugh" last="Morris">Hugh Morris</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="af2"><addr-line>Jodrell Laboratory, Royal Botanic Gardens Kew, Richmond, Surrey TW9 3DS, UK</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Shimada, Hiroshi" sort="Shimada, Hiroshi" uniqKey="Shimada H" first="Hiroshi" last="Shimada">Hiroshi Shimada</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="af1"><addr-line>Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8589, Japan</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ronse De Craene, Louis P" sort="Ronse De Craene, Louis P" uniqKey="Ronse De Craene L" first="Louis P." last="Ronse De Craene">Louis P. Ronse De Craene</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="af3"><addr-line>Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, 20A Inverleith Row, Edinburgh EH3 5LR, Scotland, UK</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Jansen, Steven" sort="Jansen, Steven" uniqKey="Jansen S" first="Steven" last="Jansen">Steven Jansen</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="af2"><addr-line>Jodrell Laboratory, Royal Botanic Gardens Kew, Richmond, Surrey TW9 3DS, UK</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
</analytic>
<series><title level="j">Annals of Botany</title>
<idno type="ISSN">0305-7364</idno>
<idno type="eISSN">1095-8290</idno>
<imprint><date when="2011">2011</date>
</imprint>
</series>
</biblStruct>
</sourceDesc>
</fileDesc>
<profileDesc><textClass></textClass>
</profileDesc>
</teiHeader>
<front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Background and Aims</title>
<p>Imperforate tracheary elements (ITEs) in wood of vessel-bearing angiosperms may or may not transport water. Despite the significance of hydraulic transport for defining ITE types, the combination of cell structure with water transport visualization <italic>in planta</italic>
has received little attention. This study provides a quantitative analysis of structural features associated with the conductive vs. non-conductive nature of ITEs.</p>
</sec>
<sec><title>Methods</title>
<p>Visualization of water transport was studied in 15 angiosperm species by dye injection and cryo-scanning electron microscopy. Structural features of ITEs were examined using light and electron microscopy.</p>
</sec>
<sec><title>Key Results</title>
<p>ITEs connected to each other by pit pairs with complete pit membranes contributed to water transport, while cells showing pit membranes with perforations up to 2 µm were hydraulically not functional. A close relationship was found between pit diameter and pit density, with both characters significantly higher in conductive than in non-conductive cells. In species with both conductive and non-conductive ITEs, a larger diameter was characteristic of the conductive cells. Water transport showed no apparent relationship with the length of ITEs and vessel grouping.</p>
</sec>
<sec><title>Conclusions</title>
<p>The structure and density of pits between ITEs represent the main anatomical characters determining water transport. The pit membrane structure of ITEs provides a reliable, but practically challenging, criterion to determine their conductive status. It is suggested that the term tracheids should strictly be used for conductive ITEs, while fibre-tracheids and libriform fibres are non-conductive.</p>
</sec>
</div>
</front>
</TEI>
<pmc article-type="research-article"><pmc-comment>The publisher of this article does not allow downloading of the full text in XML form.</pmc-comment>
<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Ann Bot</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">annbot</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="hwp">annbot</journal-id>
<journal-title-group><journal-title>Annals of Botany</journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="ppub">0305-7364</issn>
<issn pub-type="epub">1095-8290</issn>
<publisher><publisher-name>Oxford University Press</publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">21385773</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="pmc">3080625</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1093/aob/mcr042</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">mcr042</article-id>
<article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Orginal Articles</subject>
</subj-group>
</article-categories>
<title-group><article-title>Anatomical features associated with water transport in imperforate tracheary elements of vessel-bearing angiosperms</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Sano</surname>
<given-names>Yuzou</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="af1">1</xref>
<xref ref-type="corresp" rid="cor1">*</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Morris</surname>
<given-names>Hugh</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="af2">2</xref>
<xref ref-type="author-notes" rid="FN1">†</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Shimada</surname>
<given-names>Hiroshi</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="af1">1</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Ronse De Craene</surname>
<given-names>Louis P.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="af3">3</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Jansen</surname>
<given-names>Steven</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="af2">2</xref>
<xref ref-type="author-notes" rid="FN2">‡</xref>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="af1"><label>1</label>
<addr-line>Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8589, Japan</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="af2"><label>2</label>
<addr-line>Jodrell Laboratory, Royal Botanic Gardens Kew, Richmond, Surrey TW9 3DS, UK</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="af3"><label>3</label>
<addr-line>Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, 20A Inverleith Row, Edinburgh EH3 5LR, Scotland, UK</addr-line>
</aff>
<author-notes><fn fn-type="con" id="FN1"><label>†</label>
<p>Present address: The Forestry and Arboriculture Department, Plumpton College, Ditchling Road, Plumpton, NR Lewes, East Sussex BN7 3AE, UK</p>
</fn>
<fn fn-type="con" id="FN2"><label>‡</label>
<p>Present address: Institute of Systematic Botany and Ecology, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, D-89081 Ulm, Germany</p>
</fn>
<corresp id="cor1"><label>*</label>
For correspondence. E-mail <email>pirika@for.agr.hokudai.ac.jp</email>
</corresp>
</author-notes>
<pub-date pub-type="ppub"><month>5</month>
<year>2011</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>8</day>
<month>3</month>
<year>2011</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>107</volume>
<issue>6</issue>
<fpage>953</fpage>
<lpage>964</lpage>
<history><date date-type="received"><day>22</day>
<month>10</month>
<year>2010</year>
</date>
<date date-type="rev-recd"><day>29</day>
<month>11</month>
<year>2010</year>
</date>
<date date-type="accepted"><day>26</day>
<month>1</month>
<year>2011</year>
</date>
</history>
<permissions><copyright-statement>© The Author 2011. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Annals of Botany Company. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oup.com</copyright-statement>
<copyright-year>2011</copyright-year>
</permissions>
<self-uri content-type="pdf" xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="mcr042.pdf"></self-uri>
<abstract><sec><title>Background and Aims</title>
<p>Imperforate tracheary elements (ITEs) in wood of vessel-bearing angiosperms may or may not transport water. Despite the significance of hydraulic transport for defining ITE types, the combination of cell structure with water transport visualization <italic>in planta</italic>
has received little attention. This study provides a quantitative analysis of structural features associated with the conductive vs. non-conductive nature of ITEs.</p>
</sec>
<sec><title>Methods</title>
<p>Visualization of water transport was studied in 15 angiosperm species by dye injection and cryo-scanning electron microscopy. Structural features of ITEs were examined using light and electron microscopy.</p>
</sec>
<sec><title>Key Results</title>
<p>ITEs connected to each other by pit pairs with complete pit membranes contributed to water transport, while cells showing pit membranes with perforations up to 2 µm were hydraulically not functional. A close relationship was found between pit diameter and pit density, with both characters significantly higher in conductive than in non-conductive cells. In species with both conductive and non-conductive ITEs, a larger diameter was characteristic of the conductive cells. Water transport showed no apparent relationship with the length of ITEs and vessel grouping.</p>
</sec>
<sec><title>Conclusions</title>
<p>The structure and density of pits between ITEs represent the main anatomical characters determining water transport. The pit membrane structure of ITEs provides a reliable, but practically challenging, criterion to determine their conductive status. It is suggested that the term tracheids should strictly be used for conductive ITEs, while fibre-tracheids and libriform fibres are non-conductive.</p>
</sec>
</abstract>
<kwd-group><kwd>Cryo-SEM</kwd>
<kwd>dye injection</kwd>
<kwd>fibre-tracheid</kwd>
<kwd>libriform fibre</kwd>
<kwd>pit membrane</kwd>
<kwd>pit morphology</kwd>
<kwd>secondary xylem</kwd>
<kwd>imperforate tracheary element (ITE)</kwd>
<kwd>tracheid</kwd>
<kwd>vessel</kwd>
<kwd>water transport</kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front>
</pmc>
</record>
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