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<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Tree litter and forest understorey vegetation: a conceptual framework to understand the effects of tree litter on a perennial geophyte, <italic>Anemone nemorosa</italic>
</title>
<author><name sortKey="Baltzinger, Marie" sort="Baltzinger, Marie" uniqKey="Baltzinger M" first="Marie" last="Baltzinger">Marie Baltzinger</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Archaux, Frederic" sort="Archaux, Frederic" uniqKey="Archaux F" first="Frédéric" last="Archaux">Frédéric Archaux</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Dumas, Yann" sort="Dumas, Yann" uniqKey="Dumas Y" first="Yann" last="Dumas">Yann Dumas</name>
</author>
</titleStmt>
<publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno>
<idno type="pmid">22419760</idno>
<idno type="pmc">3336955</idno>
<idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3336955</idno>
<idno type="RBID">PMC:3336955</idno>
<idno type="doi">10.1093/aob/mcs047</idno>
<date when="2012">2012</date>
<idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">000127</idno>
<idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PMC">000127</idno>
</publicationStmt>
<sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Tree litter and forest understorey vegetation: a conceptual framework to understand the effects of tree litter on a perennial geophyte, <italic>Anemone nemorosa</italic>
</title>
<author><name sortKey="Baltzinger, Marie" sort="Baltzinger, Marie" uniqKey="Baltzinger M" first="Marie" last="Baltzinger">Marie Baltzinger</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Archaux, Frederic" sort="Archaux, Frederic" uniqKey="Archaux F" first="Frédéric" last="Archaux">Frédéric Archaux</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Dumas, Yann" sort="Dumas, Yann" uniqKey="Dumas Y" first="Yann" last="Dumas">Yann Dumas</name>
</author>
</analytic>
<series><title level="j">Annals of Botany</title>
<idno type="ISSN">0305-7364</idno>
<idno type="eISSN">1095-8290</idno>
<imprint><date when="2012">2012</date>
</imprint>
</series>
</biblStruct>
</sourceDesc>
</fileDesc>
<profileDesc><textClass></textClass>
</profileDesc>
</teiHeader>
<front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Background and Aims</title>
<p>Litter is a key factor in structuring plant populations, through positive or negative interactions. The litter layer forms a mechanical barrier that is often strongly selective against individuals lacking hypocotyle plasticity. Litter composition also interacts with plant growth by providing beneficial nutrients or, inversely, by allowing harmful allelopathic leaching. As conspicuous litter fall accumulation is often observed under deciduous forests, interactions between tree litter and understorey plant populations are worthy of study.</p>
</sec>
<sec><title>Methods</title>
<p>In a 1-year <italic>ex-situ</italic>
experiment, the effects of tree litter on the growth of <italic>Anemone nemorosa</italic>
, a small perennial forest geophyte, were investigated. Three ‘litter quantity’ treatments were defined, representative of forest floor litter (199, 356·5 and 514 g m<sup>−2</sup>
), which were crossed with five ‘litter composition’ treatments (<italic>Quercus petraea</italic>
, <italic>Fagus sylvatica</italic>
, <italic>Carpinus betulus</italic>
, <italic>Q. petraea + F. sylvatica</italic>
and <italic>Q. petraea + C. betulus</italic>
), plus a no-litter control. Path analysis was then used to investigate the pathways linking litter characteristics and components of adult plant growth.</p>
</sec>
<sec><title>Key Results</title>
<p>As expected, the heavier the litter, the longer the petiole; rhizome growth, however, was not depreciated by the litter-induced petiole lengthening. Both rhizome mass increment and number of initiated buds marginally increased with the amount of litter. Rhizome mass increment was in fact determined primarily by leaf area and leaf life span, neither of which was unequivocally correlated with any litter characteristics. However, the presence of litter significantly increased leafing success: following a late frost event, control rhizomes growing in the absence of litter experienced higher leaf mortality before leaf unfolding.</p>
</sec>
<sec><title>Conclusions</title>
<p>The study questions the role of litter as a physical or chemical barrier to ground vegetation; to better understand this role, there is a need for <italic>ex-situ</italic>
, longer-term experiments coupled with <italic>in-situ</italic>
observations in the forest.</p>
</sec>
</div>
</front>
</TEI>
<pmc article-type="research-article"><pmc-comment>The publisher of this article does not allow downloading of the full text in XML form.</pmc-comment>
<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Ann Bot</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">Ann. Bot</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">annbot</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="hwp">annbot</journal-id>
<journal-title-group><journal-title>Annals of Botany</journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="ppub">0305-7364</issn>
<issn pub-type="epub">1095-8290</issn>
<publisher><publisher-name>Oxford University Press</publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">22419760</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="pmc">3336955</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1093/aob/mcs047</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">mcs047</article-id>
<article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Original Articles</subject>
</subj-group>
</article-categories>
<title-group><article-title>Tree litter and forest understorey vegetation: a conceptual framework to understand the effects of tree litter on a perennial geophyte, <italic>Anemone nemorosa</italic>
</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Baltzinger</surname>
<given-names>Marie</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="corresp" rid="cor1">*</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Archaux</surname>
<given-names>Frédéric</given-names>
</name>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Dumas</surname>
<given-names>Yann</given-names>
</name>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff><addr-line>Irstea, Les Barres, 45290 Nogent sur Vernisson, France</addr-line>
</aff>
<author-notes><corresp id="cor1"><label>*</label>
For correspondence. E-mail <email>marie.baltzinger@irstea.fr</email>
</corresp>
</author-notes>
<pub-date pub-type="ppub"><month>5</month>
<year>2012</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>14</day>
<month>3</month>
<year>2012</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>109</volume>
<issue>6</issue>
<fpage>1175</fpage>
<lpage>1184</lpage>
<history><date date-type="received"><day>6</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2011</year>
</date>
<date date-type="rev-request"><day>19</day>
<month>1</month>
<year>2012</year>
</date>
<date date-type="accepted"><day>3</day>
<month>2</month>
<year>2012</year>
</date>
</history>
<permissions><copyright-statement>© The Author 2012. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Annals of Botany Company. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oup.com</copyright-statement>
<copyright-year>2012</copyright-year>
</permissions>
<self-uri content-type="pdf" xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="mcs047.pdf"></self-uri>
<abstract><sec><title>Background and Aims</title>
<p>Litter is a key factor in structuring plant populations, through positive or negative interactions. The litter layer forms a mechanical barrier that is often strongly selective against individuals lacking hypocotyle plasticity. Litter composition also interacts with plant growth by providing beneficial nutrients or, inversely, by allowing harmful allelopathic leaching. As conspicuous litter fall accumulation is often observed under deciduous forests, interactions between tree litter and understorey plant populations are worthy of study.</p>
</sec>
<sec><title>Methods</title>
<p>In a 1-year <italic>ex-situ</italic>
experiment, the effects of tree litter on the growth of <italic>Anemone nemorosa</italic>
, a small perennial forest geophyte, were investigated. Three ‘litter quantity’ treatments were defined, representative of forest floor litter (199, 356·5 and 514 g m<sup>−2</sup>
), which were crossed with five ‘litter composition’ treatments (<italic>Quercus petraea</italic>
, <italic>Fagus sylvatica</italic>
, <italic>Carpinus betulus</italic>
, <italic>Q. petraea + F. sylvatica</italic>
and <italic>Q. petraea + C. betulus</italic>
), plus a no-litter control. Path analysis was then used to investigate the pathways linking litter characteristics and components of adult plant growth.</p>
</sec>
<sec><title>Key Results</title>
<p>As expected, the heavier the litter, the longer the petiole; rhizome growth, however, was not depreciated by the litter-induced petiole lengthening. Both rhizome mass increment and number of initiated buds marginally increased with the amount of litter. Rhizome mass increment was in fact determined primarily by leaf area and leaf life span, neither of which was unequivocally correlated with any litter characteristics. However, the presence of litter significantly increased leafing success: following a late frost event, control rhizomes growing in the absence of litter experienced higher leaf mortality before leaf unfolding.</p>
</sec>
<sec><title>Conclusions</title>
<p>The study questions the role of litter as a physical or chemical barrier to ground vegetation; to better understand this role, there is a need for <italic>ex-situ</italic>
, longer-term experiments coupled with <italic>in-situ</italic>
observations in the forest.</p>
</sec>
</abstract>
<kwd-group><kwd><italic>Anemone nemorosa</italic>
</kwd>
<kwd>forest flora</kwd>
<kwd>geophyte</kwd>
<kwd>litter composition</kwd>
<kwd>litter permeability</kwd>
<kwd>path analysis</kwd>
<kwd>spring ephemeral</kwd>
<kwd>temperate forest</kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front>
</pmc>
</record>
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