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<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Rapid Expansion and Functional Divergence of Subtelomeric Gene Families in Yeasts</title><author><name sortKey="Brown, Chris A" sort="Brown, Chris A" uniqKey="Brown C" first="Chris A." last="Brown">Chris A. Brown</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1">FAS Center for Systems Biology, Harvard University, 52 Oxford St., Cambridge, MA 02138, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Murray, Andrew W" sort="Murray, Andrew W" uniqKey="Murray A" first="Andrew W." last="Murray">Andrew W. Murray</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1">FAS Center for Systems Biology, Harvard University, 52 Oxford St., Cambridge, MA 02138, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Verstrepen, Kevin J" sort="Verstrepen, Kevin J" uniqKey="Verstrepen K" first="Kevin J." last="Verstrepen">Kevin J. Verstrepen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1">FAS Center for Systems Biology, Harvard University, 52 Oxford St., Cambridge, MA 02138, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A2">VIB Laboratory for Systems Biology, Gaston Geenslaan 1, B-3001 Leuven (Heverlee), Belgium</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A3">Centre of Microbial and Plant Genetics, CMPG-G&G, K.U.Leuven, Gaston Geenslaan 1, B-3001 Leuven (Heverlee), Belgium</nlm:aff></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno><idno type="pmid">20471265</idno><idno type="pmc">2877759</idno><idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2877759</idno><idno type="RBID">PMC:2877759</idno><idno type="doi">10.1016/j.cub.2010.04.027</idno><date when="2010">2010</date><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">000112</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PMC">000112</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Rapid Expansion and Functional Divergence of Subtelomeric Gene Families in Yeasts</title><author><name sortKey="Brown, Chris A" sort="Brown, Chris A" uniqKey="Brown C" first="Chris A." last="Brown">Chris A. Brown</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1">FAS Center for Systems Biology, Harvard University, 52 Oxford St., Cambridge, MA 02138, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Murray, Andrew W" sort="Murray, Andrew W" uniqKey="Murray A" first="Andrew W." last="Murray">Andrew W. Murray</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1">FAS Center for Systems Biology, Harvard University, 52 Oxford St., Cambridge, MA 02138, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Verstrepen, Kevin J" sort="Verstrepen, Kevin J" uniqKey="Verstrepen K" first="Kevin J." last="Verstrepen">Kevin J. Verstrepen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1">FAS Center for Systems Biology, Harvard University, 52 Oxford St., Cambridge, MA 02138, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A2">VIB Laboratory for Systems Biology, Gaston Geenslaan 1, B-3001 Leuven (Heverlee), Belgium</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A3">Centre of Microbial and Plant Genetics, CMPG-G&G, K.U.Leuven, Gaston Geenslaan 1, B-3001 Leuven (Heverlee), Belgium</nlm:aff></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Current biology : CB</title><idno type="ISSN">0960-9822</idno><idno type="eISSN">1879-0445</idno><imprint><date when="2010">2010</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><title>Summary</title><sec id="S1"><title>Background</title><p id="P1">Subtelomeres, regions proximal to telomeres, exhibit characteristics unique to eukaryotic genomes. Genes residing in these loci are subject to epigenetic regulation and elevated rates of both meiotic and mitotic recombination. However, most genome sequences do not contain assembled subtelomeric sequences, and, as a result, subtelomeres are often overlooked in comparative genomics.</p></sec><sec id="S2"><title>Results</title><p id="P2">We study the evolution and functional divergence of subtelomeric gene families in the yeast lineage. Our computational results show that subtelomeric families are evolving and expanding much faster than families that do not contain subtelomeric genes. Focusing on three related subtelomeric <italic>MAL</italic> gene families involved in disaccharide metabolism that show typical patterns of rapid expansion and evolution, we show experimentally how frequent duplication events followed by functional divergence yields novel alleles that allow metabolism of different carbohydrates.</p></sec><sec id="S3"><title>Conclusions</title><p id="P3">Taken together, our computational and experimental analyses show that the extraordinary instability of eukaryotic subtelomeres supports rapid adaptation to novel niches by promoting gene recombination and duplication followed by functional divergence of the alleles.</p></sec></div></front></TEI><pmc article-type="research-article" xml:lang="EN"><pmc-comment>The publisher of this article does not allow downloading of the full text in XML form.</pmc-comment>
<pmc-dir>properties manuscript</pmc-dir>
<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-journal-id">9107782</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="pubmed-jr-id">8548</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Curr Biol</journal-id><journal-title>Current biology : CB</journal-title><issn pub-type="ppub">0960-9822</issn><issn pub-type="epub">1879-0445</issn></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">20471265</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="pmc">2877759</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1016/j.cub.2010.04.027</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="manuscript">NIHMS200592</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Rapid Expansion and Functional Divergence of Subtelomeric Gene Families in Yeasts</article-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Brown</surname><given-names>Chris A.</given-names></name><xref rid="A1" ref-type="aff">1</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Murray</surname><given-names>Andrew W.</given-names></name><xref rid="A1" ref-type="aff">1</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Verstrepen</surname><given-names>Kevin J.</given-names></name><xref rid="A1" ref-type="aff">1</xref><xref rid="A2" ref-type="aff">2</xref><xref rid="A3" ref-type="aff">3</xref><xref rid="FN1" ref-type="author-notes">4</xref></contrib></contrib-group><aff id="A1"><label>1</label>FAS Center for Systems Biology, Harvard University, 52 Oxford St., Cambridge, MA 02138, USA</aff><aff id="A2"><label>2</label>VIB Laboratory for Systems Biology, Gaston Geenslaan 1, B-3001 Leuven (Heverlee), Belgium</aff><aff id="A3"><label>3</label>Centre of Microbial and Plant Genetics, CMPG-G&G, K.U.Leuven, Gaston Geenslaan 1, B-3001 Leuven (Heverlee), Belgium</aff><author-notes><corresp id="FN1"><label>4</label>Corresponding author. <email>Kevin.Verstrepen@biw.vib-kuleuven.be</email></corresp></author-notes><pub-date pub-type="nihms-submitted"><day>7</day><month>5</month><year>2010</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>13</day><month>5</month><year>2010</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="ppub"><day>25</day><month>5</month><year>2010</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="pmc-release"><day>25</day><month>5</month><year>2011</year></pub-date><volume>20</volume><issue>10</issue><fpage>895</fpage><lpage>903</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>© 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2010</copyright-year></permissions><abstract><title>Summary</title><sec id="S1"><title>Background</title><p id="P1">Subtelomeres, regions proximal to telomeres, exhibit characteristics unique to eukaryotic genomes. Genes residing in these loci are subject to epigenetic regulation and elevated rates of both meiotic and mitotic recombination. However, most genome sequences do not contain assembled subtelomeric sequences, and, as a result, subtelomeres are often overlooked in comparative genomics.</p></sec><sec id="S2"><title>Results</title><p id="P2">We study the evolution and functional divergence of subtelomeric gene families in the yeast lineage. Our computational results show that subtelomeric families are evolving and expanding much faster than families that do not contain subtelomeric genes. Focusing on three related subtelomeric <italic>MAL</italic> gene families involved in disaccharide metabolism that show typical patterns of rapid expansion and evolution, we show experimentally how frequent duplication events followed by functional divergence yields novel alleles that allow metabolism of different carbohydrates.</p></sec><sec id="S3"><title>Conclusions</title><p id="P3">Taken together, our computational and experimental analyses show that the extraordinary instability of eukaryotic subtelomeres supports rapid adaptation to novel niches by promoting gene recombination and duplication followed by functional divergence of the alleles.</p></sec></abstract><contract-num rid="GM1">P50 GM068763-06
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