Global Patterns of Guild Composition and Functional Diversity of Spiders
Identifieur interne : 000206 ( Pmc/Checkpoint ); précédent : 000205; suivant : 000207Global Patterns of Guild Composition and Functional Diversity of Spiders
Auteurs : Pedro Cardoso [États-Unis, Portugal] ; Stano Pekár [République tchèque] ; Rudy Jocqué [Belgique] ; Jonathan A. Coddington [États-Unis]Source :
- PLoS ONE [ 1932-6203 ] ; 2011.
Abstract
The objectives of this work are: (1) to define spider guilds for all extant families worldwide; (2) test if guilds defined at family level are good surrogates of species guilds; (3) compare the taxonomic and guild composition of spider assemblages from different parts of the world; (4) compare the taxonomic and functional diversity of spider assemblages and; (5) relate functional diversity with habitat structure. Data on foraging strategy, prey range, vertical stratification and circadian activity was collected for 108 families. Spider guilds were defined by hierarchical clustering. We searched for inconsistencies between family guild placement and the known guild of each species. Richness and abundance per guild before and after correcting guild placement were compared, as were the proportions of each guild and family between all possible pairs of sites. Functional diversity per site was calculated based on hierarchical clustering. Eight guilds were discriminated: (1) sensing, (2) sheet, (3) space, and (4) orb web weavers; (5) specialists; (6) ambush, (7) ground, and (8) other hunters. Sixteen percent of the species richness corresponding to 11% of all captured individuals was incorrectly attributed to a guild by family surrogacy; however, the correlation of uncorrected vs. corrected guilds was invariably high. The correlation of guild richness or abundances was generally higher than the correlation of family richness or abundances. Functional diversity was not always higher in the tropics than in temperate regions. Families may potentially serve as ecological surrogates for species. Different families may present similar roles in the ecosystems, with replacement of some taxa by other within the same guild. Spiders in tropical regions seem to have higher redundancy of functional roles and/or finer resource partitioning than in temperate regions. Although species and family diversity were higher in the tropics, functional diversity seems to be also influenced by altitude and habitat structure.
Url:
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0021710
PubMed: 21738772
PubMed Central: 3126856
Affiliations:
- Belgique, Portugal, République tchèque, États-Unis
- District de Columbia, Moravie
- Brno, Washington (district de Columbia)
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Coddington</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff1"><addr-line>Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History, Washington DC, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History, Washington DC</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Washington (district de Columbia)</settlement><region type="state">District de Columbia</region></placeName></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">PLoS ONE</title><idno type="eISSN">1932-6203</idno><imprint><date when="2011">2011</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p>The objectives of this work are: (1) to define spider guilds for all extant families worldwide; (2) test if guilds defined at family level are good surrogates of species guilds; (3) compare the taxonomic and guild composition of spider assemblages from different parts of the world; (4) compare the taxonomic and functional diversity of spider assemblages and; (5) relate functional diversity with habitat structure. Data on foraging strategy, prey range, vertical stratification and circadian activity was collected for 108 families. Spider guilds were defined by hierarchical clustering. We searched for inconsistencies between family guild placement and the known guild of each species. Richness and abundance per guild before and after correcting guild placement were compared, as were the proportions of each guild and family between all possible pairs of sites. Functional diversity per site was calculated based on hierarchical clustering. Eight guilds were discriminated: (1) sensing, (2) sheet, (3) space, and (4) orb web weavers; (5) specialists; (6) ambush, (7) ground, and (8) other hunters. Sixteen percent of the species richness corresponding to 11% of all captured individuals was incorrectly attributed to a guild by family surrogacy; however, the correlation of uncorrected vs. corrected guilds was invariably high. The correlation of guild richness or abundances was generally higher than the correlation of family richness or abundances. Functional diversity was not always higher in the tropics than in temperate regions. Families may potentially serve as ecological surrogates for species. Different families may present similar roles in the ecosystems, with replacement of some taxa by other within the same guild. Spiders in tropical regions seem to have higher redundancy of functional roles and/or finer resource partitioning than in temperate regions. Although species and family diversity were higher in the tropics, functional diversity seems to be also influenced by altitude and habitat structure.</p></div></front><back><div1 type="bibliography"><listBibl><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Hutchinson, Ge" uniqKey="Hutchinson G">GE Hutchinson</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Colwell, Rk" uniqKey="Colwell R">RK Colwell</name></author><author><name sortKey="Futuyma, Dj" uniqKey="Futuyma D">DJ Futuyma</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Root, Rb" uniqKey="Root R">RB Root</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Simberloff, D" uniqKey="Simberloff D">D Simberloff</name></author><author><name sortKey="Dayan, T" uniqKey="Dayan T">T Dayan</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Hawkins, Cp" uniqKey="Hawkins C">CP 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<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">PLoS One</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">plos</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="pmc">plosone</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title>PLoS ONE</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">1932-6203</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Public Library of Science</publisher-name><publisher-loc>San Francisco, USA</publisher-loc></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">21738772</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="pmc">3126856</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">PONE-D-11-04152</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1371/journal.pone.0021710</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="Discipline-v2"><subject>Biology</subject><subj-group><subject>Ecology</subject><subj-group><subject>Community Ecology</subject><subj-group><subject>Community Assembly</subject><subject>Community Structure</subject><subject>Food Web Structure</subject><subject>Niche Construction</subject><subject>Species Interactions</subject><subject>Trophic Interactions</subject></subj-group></subj-group><subj-group><subject>Ecological Metrics</subject><subj-group><subject>Species Diversity</subject><subject>Species Richness</subject></subj-group></subj-group><subj-group><subject>Ecosystems</subject><subj-group><subject>Ecosystem Functioning</subject></subj-group></subj-group><subj-group><subject>Behavioral Ecology</subject><subject>Biodiversity</subject><subject>Biogeography</subject><subject>Macroecology</subject><subject>Systems Ecology</subject><subject>Terrestrial Ecology</subject></subj-group></subj-group><subj-group><subject>Zoology</subject><subj-group><subject>Entomology</subject></subj-group></subj-group></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Global Patterns of Guild Composition and Functional Diversity of Spiders</article-title><alt-title alt-title-type="running-head">Guilds and Functional Diversity of Spiders</alt-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Cardoso</surname><given-names>Pedro</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"><sup>2</sup></xref><xref ref-type="corresp" rid="cor1"><sup>*</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Pekár</surname><given-names>Stano</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"><sup>3</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Jocqué</surname><given-names>Rudy</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"><sup>4</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Coddington</surname><given-names>Jonathan A.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref></contrib></contrib-group><aff id="aff1"><label>1</label><addr-line>Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History, Washington DC, United States of America</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff2"><label>2</label><addr-line>Azorean Biodiversity Group - CITA-A, Universidade dos Açores, Angra do Heroísmo, Portugal</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff3"><label>3</label><addr-line>Department of Botany and Zoology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff4"><label>4</label><addr-line>Musée Royal de l'Afrique Centrale, Tervuren, Belgium</addr-line></aff><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="editor"><name><surname>Somers</surname><given-names>Michael</given-names></name><role>Editor</role><xref ref-type="aff" rid="edit1"></xref></contrib></contrib-group><aff id="edit1">University of Pretoria, South Africa</aff><author-notes><corresp id="cor1">* E-mail: <email>pcardoso@ennor.org</email></corresp><fn fn-type="con"><p>Conceived and designed the experiments: PC SP RJ JAC. Performed the experiments: PC SP RJ JAC. Analyzed the data: PC SP. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: PC SP RJ JAC. Wrote the paper: PC JAC.</p></fn></author-notes><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2011</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>29</day><month>6</month><year>2011</year></pub-date><volume>6</volume><issue>6</issue><elocation-id>e21710</elocation-id><history><date date-type="received"><day>2</day><month>3</month><year>2011</year></date><date date-type="accepted"><day>6</day><month>6</month><year>2011</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement>This is an open-access article, free of all copyright, and may be freely reproduced, distributed, transmitted, modified, built upon, or otherwise used by anyone for any lawful purpose. The work is made available under the Creative Commons CC0 public domain dedication.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2011</copyright-year></permissions><abstract><p>The objectives of this work are: (1) to define spider guilds for all extant families worldwide; (2) test if guilds defined at family level are good surrogates of species guilds; (3) compare the taxonomic and guild composition of spider assemblages from different parts of the world; (4) compare the taxonomic and functional diversity of spider assemblages and; (5) relate functional diversity with habitat structure. Data on foraging strategy, prey range, vertical stratification and circadian activity was collected for 108 families. Spider guilds were defined by hierarchical clustering. We searched for inconsistencies between family guild placement and the known guild of each species. Richness and abundance per guild before and after correcting guild placement were compared, as were the proportions of each guild and family between all possible pairs of sites. Functional diversity per site was calculated based on hierarchical clustering. Eight guilds were discriminated: (1) sensing, (2) sheet, (3) space, and (4) orb web weavers; (5) specialists; (6) ambush, (7) ground, and (8) other hunters. Sixteen percent of the species richness corresponding to 11% of all captured individuals was incorrectly attributed to a guild by family surrogacy; however, the correlation of uncorrected vs. corrected guilds was invariably high. The correlation of guild richness or abundances was generally higher than the correlation of family richness or abundances. Functional diversity was not always higher in the tropics than in temperate regions. Families may potentially serve as ecological surrogates for species. Different families may present similar roles in the ecosystems, with replacement of some taxa by other within the same guild. Spiders in tropical regions seem to have higher redundancy of functional roles and/or finer resource partitioning than in temperate regions. Although species and family diversity were higher in the tropics, functional diversity seems to be also influenced by altitude and habitat structure.</p></abstract><counts><page-count count="10"></page-count></counts></article-meta></front></pmc><affiliations><list><country><li>Belgique</li><li>Portugal</li><li>République tchèque</li><li>États-Unis</li></country><region><li>District de Columbia</li><li>Moravie</li></region><settlement><li>Brno</li><li>Washington (district de Columbia)</li></settlement></list><tree><country name="États-Unis"><region name="District de Columbia"><name sortKey="Cardoso, Pedro" sort="Cardoso, Pedro" uniqKey="Cardoso P" first="Pedro" last="Cardoso">Pedro Cardoso</name></region><name sortKey="Coddington, Jonathan A" sort="Coddington, Jonathan A" uniqKey="Coddington J" first="Jonathan A." last="Coddington">Jonathan A. Coddington</name></country><country name="Portugal"><noRegion><name sortKey="Cardoso, Pedro" sort="Cardoso, Pedro" uniqKey="Cardoso P" first="Pedro" last="Cardoso">Pedro Cardoso</name></noRegion></country><country name="République tchèque"><region name="Moravie"><name sortKey="Pekar, Stano" sort="Pekar, Stano" uniqKey="Pekar S" first="Stano" last="Pekár">Stano Pekár</name></region></country><country name="Belgique"><noRegion><name sortKey="Jocque, Rudy" sort="Jocque, Rudy" uniqKey="Jocque R" first="Rudy" last="Jocqué">Rudy Jocqué</name></noRegion></country></tree></affiliations></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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