Hymenoscyphus fraxineus vs. Hymenoscyphus albidus – A comparative light microscopic study on the causal agent of European ash dieback and related foliicolous, stroma-forming species
Identifieur interne : 000112 ( Pmc/Checkpoint ); précédent : 000111; suivant : 000113Hymenoscyphus fraxineus vs. Hymenoscyphus albidus – A comparative light microscopic study on the causal agent of European ash dieback and related foliicolous, stroma-forming species
Auteurs : Hans-Otto Baral ; Martin BemmannSource :
- Mycology [ 2150-1203 ] ; 2014.
Abstract
Five species of
Our results underline the importance of detailed morphological studies in combination with molecular work.
Url:
DOI: 10.1080/21501203.2014.963720
PubMed: 25544935
PubMed Central: 4270420
Affiliations:
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<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en"><italic>Hymenoscyphus fraxineus</italic>
vs. <italic>Hymenoscyphus albidus</italic>
– A comparative light microscopic study on the causal agent of European ash dieback and related foliicolous, stroma-forming species</title>
<author><name sortKey="Baral, Hans Otto" sort="Baral, Hans Otto" uniqKey="Baral H" first="Hans-Otto" last="Baral">Hans-Otto Baral</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="AFF0001"></nlm:aff>
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<author><name sortKey="Bemmann, Martin" sort="Bemmann, Martin" uniqKey="Bemmann M" first="Martin" last="Bemmann">Martin Bemmann</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="AFF0002"></nlm:aff>
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<sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main"><italic>Hymenoscyphus fraxineus</italic>
vs. <italic>Hymenoscyphus albidus</italic>
– A comparative light microscopic study on the causal agent of European ash dieback and related foliicolous, stroma-forming species</title>
<author><name sortKey="Baral, Hans Otto" sort="Baral, Hans Otto" uniqKey="Baral H" first="Hans-Otto" last="Baral">Hans-Otto Baral</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="AFF0001"></nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
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<author><name sortKey="Bemmann, Martin" sort="Bemmann, Martin" uniqKey="Bemmann M" first="Martin" last="Bemmann">Martin Bemmann</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="AFF0002"></nlm:aff>
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<series><title level="j">Mycology</title>
<idno type="ISSN">2150-1203</idno>
<idno type="eISSN">2150-1211</idno>
<imprint><date when="2014">2014</date>
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<front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p>Five species of <italic>Hymenoscyphus</italic>
that fruit on black stromatized parts of dead leaves of deciduous trees are presented, giving details on their morphological and ecological characteristics. Several of these species have previously been misplaced in rutstroemiaceous genera because of the presence of a substratal stroma. However, the heteropolar, scutuloid ascospores with an often hook-like lateral protrusion at the rounded apex and the ascus apical ring of the <italic>Hymenoscyphus</italic>
-type represent two reliable morphological characteristics that, together with molecular data, provide clear evidence for their placement in the genus <italic>Hymenoscyphus</italic>
(Helotiaceae). Among the species treated is <italic>Hymenoscyphus fraxineus</italic>
(=<italic>Hymenoscyphus pseudoalbidus</italic>
), the causal agent of the European ash dieback disease. Since 1992 this species started within Europe to replace the rather uncommon <italic>Hymenoscyphus albidus</italic>
, which is likewise confined to leaves of <italic>Fraxinus. Hy. fraxineus</italic>
has been recorded already since 1990 in Eastern Asia (Japan, Korea, northeast of China), where it had been initially misidentified as <italic>Lambertella albida</italic>
(≡<italic>Hy. albidus</italic>
). In these regions, it occurs as a harmless saprotroph on <italic>Fraxinus mandshurica</italic>
and <italic>Fraxinus rhynchophylla</italic>
, suggesting that those populations are native while the European ash dieback disease has a recent Eastern Asiatic origin. The distinctly higher genetic diversity found in Japanese <italic>Hy. fraxineus</italic>
in contrast to European <italic>Hy. fraxineus</italic>
supports this view. Genetic similarities between Japanese <italic>Hy. fraxineus</italic>
and European <italic>Hy. albidus</italic>
suggest that also <italic>Hy. albidus</italic>
might be a descendant of Asian <italic>Hy. fraxineus</italic>
, though having invaded Europe much earlier. However, consistent genetic deviation between European and Asian <italic>Hy. fraxineus</italic>
at two nucleotide positions of the ITS region indicates that the European ash disease originates from a region different from the presently known areas in Eastern Asia.</p>
<p>Our results underline the importance of detailed morphological studies in combination with molecular work. <italic>Hy. fraxineus</italic>
was described from Europe as a cryptic species that differed from <italic>Hy. albidus</italic>
by molecular data alone. However, the <italic>Hy. albidus</italic>
/<italic>Hy. fraxineus</italic>
species complex represents one of many examples within the ascomycetes in which subtle microscopic differences between closely related species, in this case the presence or absence of croziers at the ascus base, are strictly correlated with molecular characteristics. Two species that closely resemble <italic>Hy. albidus</italic>
and <italic>Hy. fraxineus</italic>
form pseudosclerotia in <italic>Aesculus</italic>
leaves and again differ from each other mainly in the ascus base: <italic>Hymenoscyphus aesculi</italic>
on <italic>Aesculus hippocastanum</italic>
from Europe lacks croziers, whereas <italic>Hymenoscyphus honshuanus</italic>
from Japan on <italic>Aesculus turbinata</italic>
possesses croziers. Other taxa treated here include <italic>Hymenoscyphus vacini</italic>
, a European species growing on stromatized net veins of skeletonized leaves of <italic>Acer</italic>
, and <italic>Hymenoscyphus torquatus</italic>
, a Chinese species on unidentified herbaceous stems. An equivalent stroma-forming North American species on leaves of <italic>Fraxinus, Rutstroemia longipes</italic>
(Rutstroemiaceae), is discussed and compared. A key to the <italic>Hymenoscyphus</italic>
species that form a dark stroma on leaves of <italic>Acer, Aesculus, Fraxinus,</italic>
and <italic>Picrasma</italic>
is provided.</p>
</div>
</front>
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<pmc article-type="other"><pmc-dir>properties open_access</pmc-dir>
<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Mycology</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">Mycology</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="archive">TMYC</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">tmyc20</journal-id>
<journal-title-group><journal-title>Mycology</journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="ppub">2150-1203</issn>
<issn pub-type="epub">2150-1211</issn>
<publisher><publisher-name>Taylor & Francis</publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">25544935</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="pmc">4270420</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">963720</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1080/21501203.2014.963720</article-id>
<article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Review</subject>
</subj-group>
</article-categories>
<title-group><article-title><italic>Hymenoscyphus fraxineus</italic>
vs. <italic>Hymenoscyphus albidus</italic>
– A comparative light microscopic study on the causal agent of European ash dieback and related foliicolous, stroma-forming species</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Baral</surname>
<given-names>Hans-Otto</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="AFF0001"><sup>a</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="corresp" rid="AN0001"><sup>*</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Bemmann</surname>
<given-names>Martin</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="AFF0002"><sup>b</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<aff id="AFF0001"><label><sup>a</sup>
</label>
Blaihofstraße 42,<named-content content-type="postal-code">D-72074</named-content>
<named-content content-type="city">Tübingen</named-content>
,<country>Germany</country>
</aff>
<aff id="AFF0002"><label><sup>b</sup>
</label>
Kleingemünderstraße 111,<named-content content-type="postal-code">D-69118</named-content>
<named-content content-type="city">Heidelberg</named-content>
,<country>Germany</country>
</aff>
</contrib-group>
<author-notes><corresp id="AN0001"><label>* </label>
Corresponding author. Email: <email xlink:href="zottoevi@gmail.com">zottoevi@gmail.com</email>
</corresp>
</author-notes>
<pub-date pub-type="ppub"><day>2</day>
<month>10</month>
<year>2014</year>
<pmc-comment>string-date: December 2014</pmc-comment>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>14</day>
<month>10</month>
<year>2014</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>5</volume>
<issue>4</issue>
<fpage seq="2">228</fpage>
<lpage>290</lpage>
<history><date date-type="received"><day>17</day>
<month>6</month>
<year>2014</year>
</date>
<date date-type="accepted"><day>2</day>
<month>9</month>
<year>2014</year>
</date>
</history>
<permissions><copyright-statement>© 2014 The Author(s). Published by Taylor & Francis.</copyright-statement>
<copyright-year>2014</copyright-year>
<copyright-holder>The Author(s)</copyright-holder>
<license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/"><license-p>This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/">http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/</ext-link>
, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. The moral rights of the named author(s) have been asserted.</license-p>
</license>
</permissions>
<self-uri content-type="pdf" xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="tmyc-5-228.pdf"></self-uri>
<abstract><p>Five species of <italic>Hymenoscyphus</italic>
that fruit on black stromatized parts of dead leaves of deciduous trees are presented, giving details on their morphological and ecological characteristics. Several of these species have previously been misplaced in rutstroemiaceous genera because of the presence of a substratal stroma. However, the heteropolar, scutuloid ascospores with an often hook-like lateral protrusion at the rounded apex and the ascus apical ring of the <italic>Hymenoscyphus</italic>
-type represent two reliable morphological characteristics that, together with molecular data, provide clear evidence for their placement in the genus <italic>Hymenoscyphus</italic>
(Helotiaceae). Among the species treated is <italic>Hymenoscyphus fraxineus</italic>
(=<italic>Hymenoscyphus pseudoalbidus</italic>
), the causal agent of the European ash dieback disease. Since 1992 this species started within Europe to replace the rather uncommon <italic>Hymenoscyphus albidus</italic>
, which is likewise confined to leaves of <italic>Fraxinus. Hy. fraxineus</italic>
has been recorded already since 1990 in Eastern Asia (Japan, Korea, northeast of China), where it had been initially misidentified as <italic>Lambertella albida</italic>
(≡<italic>Hy. albidus</italic>
). In these regions, it occurs as a harmless saprotroph on <italic>Fraxinus mandshurica</italic>
and <italic>Fraxinus rhynchophylla</italic>
, suggesting that those populations are native while the European ash dieback disease has a recent Eastern Asiatic origin. The distinctly higher genetic diversity found in Japanese <italic>Hy. fraxineus</italic>
in contrast to European <italic>Hy. fraxineus</italic>
supports this view. Genetic similarities between Japanese <italic>Hy. fraxineus</italic>
and European <italic>Hy. albidus</italic>
suggest that also <italic>Hy. albidus</italic>
might be a descendant of Asian <italic>Hy. fraxineus</italic>
, though having invaded Europe much earlier. However, consistent genetic deviation between European and Asian <italic>Hy. fraxineus</italic>
at two nucleotide positions of the ITS region indicates that the European ash disease originates from a region different from the presently known areas in Eastern Asia.</p>
<p>Our results underline the importance of detailed morphological studies in combination with molecular work. <italic>Hy. fraxineus</italic>
was described from Europe as a cryptic species that differed from <italic>Hy. albidus</italic>
by molecular data alone. However, the <italic>Hy. albidus</italic>
/<italic>Hy. fraxineus</italic>
species complex represents one of many examples within the ascomycetes in which subtle microscopic differences between closely related species, in this case the presence or absence of croziers at the ascus base, are strictly correlated with molecular characteristics. Two species that closely resemble <italic>Hy. albidus</italic>
and <italic>Hy. fraxineus</italic>
form pseudosclerotia in <italic>Aesculus</italic>
leaves and again differ from each other mainly in the ascus base: <italic>Hymenoscyphus aesculi</italic>
on <italic>Aesculus hippocastanum</italic>
from Europe lacks croziers, whereas <italic>Hymenoscyphus honshuanus</italic>
from Japan on <italic>Aesculus turbinata</italic>
possesses croziers. Other taxa treated here include <italic>Hymenoscyphus vacini</italic>
, a European species growing on stromatized net veins of skeletonized leaves of <italic>Acer</italic>
, and <italic>Hymenoscyphus torquatus</italic>
, a Chinese species on unidentified herbaceous stems. An equivalent stroma-forming North American species on leaves of <italic>Fraxinus, Rutstroemia longipes</italic>
(Rutstroemiaceae), is discussed and compared. A key to the <italic>Hymenoscyphus</italic>
species that form a dark stroma on leaves of <italic>Acer, Aesculus, Fraxinus,</italic>
and <italic>Picrasma</italic>
is provided.</p>
</abstract>
<kwd-group kwd-group-type="author"><title>Nomenclatural novelties</title>
<kwd><italic>Hymenoscyphus aesculi</italic>
comb. nov. (for <italic>Helotium</italic>
/<italic>Lanzia aesculi)</italic>
</kwd>
<kwd><italic>Hy. honshuanus</italic>
nom. nov. (for <italic>Lambertellinia scutuloides)</italic>
</kwd>
<kwd><italic>Hy. torquatus</italic>
comb. nov. (for <italic>Lambertella torquata</italic>
)</kwd>
</kwd-group>
<kwd-group kwd-group-type="author"><title>Keywords</title>
<kwd>croziers</kwd>
<kwd>simple septa</kwd>
<kwd>homothallism</kwd>
<kwd>pseudosclerotium</kwd>
<kwd><italic>Fraxinus</italic>
</kwd>
<kwd><italic>Aesculus</italic>
</kwd>
<kwd><italic>Acer</italic>
</kwd>
<kwd>Helotiaceae</kwd>
<kwd>Rutstroemiaceae</kwd>
<kwd>invasive species</kwd>
<kwd>morphology</kwd>
<kwd>molecular markers</kwd>
</kwd-group>
<counts><fig-count count="21"></fig-count>
<table-count count="6"></table-count>
<ref-count count="205"></ref-count>
<page-count count="63"></page-count>
</counts>
</article-meta>
</front>
</pmc>
<affiliations><list></list>
<tree><noCountry><name sortKey="Baral, Hans Otto" sort="Baral, Hans Otto" uniqKey="Baral H" first="Hans-Otto" last="Baral">Hans-Otto Baral</name>
<name sortKey="Bemmann, Martin" sort="Bemmann, Martin" uniqKey="Bemmann M" first="Martin" last="Bemmann">Martin Bemmann</name>
</noCountry>
</tree>
</affiliations>
</record>
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