Genetic structure and population dynamics of a heteroecious plant pathogen Melampsora larici‐epitea in short‐rotation coppice willow plantations
Identifieur interne : 001774 ( Istex/Corpus ); précédent : 001773; suivant : 001775Genetic structure and population dynamics of a heteroecious plant pathogen Melampsora larici‐epitea in short‐rotation coppice willow plantations
Auteurs : Carlos Bayon ; Ming H. Pei ; Carmen Ruiz ; Tom Hunter ; Angela Karp ; Ian TubbySource :
- Molecular Ecology [ 0962-1083 ] ; 2009-07.
English descriptors
Abstract
Complex life strategies are common among plant pathogens belonging to rust fungi (Uredinales). The heteroecious willow rust Melampsora larici‐epitea produces five spore stages and alternates on larch (Larix). To shed light on the epidemiology of this pathogen, amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLPs) were used to determine the genetic diversity and genetic structure of rust samples collected from coppice willow (Salix) plantations at three UK sites (LA, CA and MC) over three sampling dates (September 2000, July 2001 and September 2001). Of the total of 819 isolates, 465 were unique AFLP phenotypes and there was a shift in genotype diversity between the two seasons (0.67 in 2000 and 0.87–0.89 in 2001). No phenotypes were common between the two seasons within a site, suggesting that the rust did not overwinter as an asexual stage within plantations. A temporal analysis detected large amounts of genetic drift (FS = 0.15–0.26) between the two seasons and very small effective population sizes (Ne = 2–3) within sites. These results all point to a new colonization of the plantations by the rust in the second season (2001). The FST‐analogue values were ΦCT = 0.121, Weir and Cockerham’s θ = 0.086 and the Bayesian estimate θB = 0.087–0.096. The results suggest that the sources of inoculum were somewhat localized and the same sources were mainly responsible for disease epidemics in LA and CA over the two seasons. The relatively low FST‐values among sites (0.055–0.13) suggest the existence of significant gene flow among the three sampled sites.
Url:
DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-294X.2009.04255.x
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ISTEX:E3DD7485700C89484C8694E235D4F73BCBCFE272Le document en format XML
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Pei</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Centre for Bioenergy and Climate Change, Plant & Invertebrate Ecology Division, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire AL5 2JQ, UK</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ruiz, Carmen" sort="Ruiz, Carmen" uniqKey="Ruiz C" first="Carmen" last="Ruiz">Carmen Ruiz</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Centre for Bioenergy and Climate Change, Plant & Invertebrate Ecology Division, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire AL5 2JQ, UK</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hunter, Tom" sort="Hunter, Tom" uniqKey="Hunter T" first="Tom" last="Hunter">Tom Hunter</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>4 Wally Court Road, Chew Stoke, Bristol BS40 8XL, UK</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Karp, Angela" sort="Karp, Angela" uniqKey="Karp A" first="Angela" last="Karp">Angela Karp</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Centre for Bioenergy and Climate Change, Plant & Invertebrate Ecology Division, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire AL5 2JQ, UK</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tubby, Ian" sort="Tubby, Ian" uniqKey="Tubby I" first="Ian" last="Tubby">Ian Tubby</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Forest Research, Alice Holt Lodge, Wrecclesham, Farnham, Surrey GU10 4LH, UK</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">ISTEX</idno><idno type="RBID">ISTEX:E3DD7485700C89484C8694E235D4F73BCBCFE272</idno><date when="2009" year="2009">2009</date><idno type="doi">10.1111/j.1365-294X.2009.04255.x</idno><idno type="url">https://api.istex.fr/document/E3DD7485700C89484C8694E235D4F73BCBCFE272/fulltext/pdf</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Istex/Corpus">001774</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Istex" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="ISTEX">001774</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title level="a" type="main" xml:lang="en">Genetic structure and population dynamics of a heteroecious plant pathogen Melampsora larici‐epitea in short‐rotation coppice willow plantations</title><author><name sortKey="Bayon, Carlos" sort="Bayon, Carlos" uniqKey="Bayon C" first="Carlos" last="Bayon">Carlos Bayon</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Centre for Bioenergy and Climate Change, Plant & Invertebrate Ecology Division, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire AL5 2JQ, UK</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pei, Ming H" sort="Pei, Ming H" uniqKey="Pei M" first="Ming H." last="Pei">Ming H. Pei</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Centre for Bioenergy and Climate Change, Plant & Invertebrate Ecology Division, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire AL5 2JQ, UK</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ruiz, Carmen" sort="Ruiz, Carmen" uniqKey="Ruiz C" first="Carmen" last="Ruiz">Carmen Ruiz</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Centre for Bioenergy and Climate Change, Plant & Invertebrate Ecology Division, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire AL5 2JQ, UK</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hunter, Tom" sort="Hunter, Tom" uniqKey="Hunter T" first="Tom" last="Hunter">Tom Hunter</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>4 Wally Court Road, Chew Stoke, Bristol BS40 8XL, UK</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Karp, Angela" sort="Karp, Angela" uniqKey="Karp A" first="Angela" last="Karp">Angela Karp</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Centre for Bioenergy and Climate Change, Plant & Invertebrate Ecology Division, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire AL5 2JQ, UK</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tubby, Ian" sort="Tubby, Ian" uniqKey="Tubby I" first="Ian" last="Tubby">Ian Tubby</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Forest Research, Alice Holt Lodge, Wrecclesham, Farnham, Surrey GU10 4LH, UK</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author></analytic><monogr></monogr><series><title level="j">Molecular Ecology</title><idno type="ISSN">0962-1083</idno><idno type="eISSN">1365-294X</idno><imprint><publisher>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</publisher><pubPlace>Oxford, UK</pubPlace><date type="published" when="2009-07">2009-07</date><biblScope unit="volume">18</biblScope><biblScope unit="issue">14</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" from="3006">3006</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" to="3019">3019</biblScope></imprint><idno type="ISSN">0962-1083</idno></series><idno type="istex">E3DD7485700C89484C8694E235D4F73BCBCFE272</idno><idno type="DOI">10.1111/j.1365-294X.2009.04255.x</idno><idno type="ArticleID">MEC4255</idno></biblStruct></sourceDesc><seriesStmt><idno type="ISSN">0962-1083</idno></seriesStmt></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>AFLP</term><term>Melampsora</term><term>Salix</term><term>effective population size</term><term>genetic structure</term><term>source populations</term></keywords></textClass><langUsage><language ident="en">en</language></langUsage></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">Complex life strategies are common among plant pathogens belonging to rust fungi (Uredinales). The heteroecious willow rust Melampsora larici‐epitea produces five spore stages and alternates on larch (Larix). To shed light on the epidemiology of this pathogen, amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLPs) were used to determine the genetic diversity and genetic structure of rust samples collected from coppice willow (Salix) plantations at three UK sites (LA, CA and MC) over three sampling dates (September 2000, July 2001 and September 2001). Of the total of 819 isolates, 465 were unique AFLP phenotypes and there was a shift in genotype diversity between the two seasons (0.67 in 2000 and 0.87–0.89 in 2001). No phenotypes were common between the two seasons within a site, suggesting that the rust did not overwinter as an asexual stage within plantations. A temporal analysis detected large amounts of genetic drift (FS = 0.15–0.26) between the two seasons and very small effective population sizes (Ne = 2–3) within sites. These results all point to a new colonization of the plantations by the rust in the second season (2001). The FST‐analogue values were ΦCT = 0.121, Weir and Cockerham’s θ = 0.086 and the Bayesian estimate θB = 0.087–0.096. The results suggest that the sources of inoculum were somewhat localized and the same sources were mainly responsible for disease epidemics in LA and CA over the two seasons. The relatively low FST‐values among sites (0.055–0.13) suggest the existence of significant gene flow among the three sampled sites.</div></front></TEI><istex><corpusName>wiley</corpusName><author><json:item><name>CARLOS BAYON</name><affiliations><json:string>Centre for Bioenergy and Climate Change, Plant & Invertebrate Ecology Division, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire AL5 2JQ, UK</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>MING H. PEI</name><affiliations><json:string>Centre for Bioenergy and Climate Change, Plant & Invertebrate Ecology Division, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire AL5 2JQ, UK</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>CARMEN RUIZ</name><affiliations><json:string>Centre for Bioenergy and Climate Change, Plant & Invertebrate Ecology Division, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire AL5 2JQ, UK</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>TOM HUNTER</name><affiliations><json:string>4 Wally Court Road, Chew Stoke, Bristol BS40 8XL, UK</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>ANGELA KARP</name><affiliations><json:string>Centre for Bioenergy and Climate Change, Plant & Invertebrate Ecology Division, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire AL5 2JQ, UK</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>IAN TUBBY</name><affiliations><json:string>Forest Research, Alice Holt Lodge, Wrecclesham, Farnham, Surrey GU10 4LH, UK</json:string></affiliations></json:item></author><subject><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>AFLP</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>effective population size</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>Melampsora</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>genetic structure</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>Salix</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>source populations</value></json:item></subject><articleId><json:string>MEC4255</json:string></articleId><language><json:string>eng</json:string></language><originalGenre><json:string>article</json:string></originalGenre><abstract>Complex life strategies are common among plant pathogens belonging to rust fungi (Uredinales). The heteroecious willow rust Melampsora larici‐epitea produces five spore stages and alternates on larch (Larix). To shed light on the epidemiology of this pathogen, amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLPs) were used to determine the genetic diversity and genetic structure of rust samples collected from coppice willow (Salix) plantations at three UK sites (LA, CA and MC) over three sampling dates (September 2000, July 2001 and September 2001). Of the total of 819 isolates, 465 were unique AFLP phenotypes and there was a shift in genotype diversity between the two seasons (0.67 in 2000 and 0.87–0.89 in 2001). No phenotypes were common between the two seasons within a site, suggesting that the rust did not overwinter as an asexual stage within plantations. A temporal analysis detected large amounts of genetic drift (FS = 0.15–0.26) between the two seasons and very small effective population sizes (Ne = 2–3) within sites. These results all point to a new colonization of the plantations by the rust in the second season (2001). The FST‐analogue values were ΦCT = 0.121, Weir and Cockerham’s θ = 0.086 and the Bayesian estimate θB = 0.087–0.096. The results suggest that the sources of inoculum were somewhat localized and the same sources were mainly responsible for disease epidemics in LA and CA over the two seasons. The relatively low FST‐values among sites (0.055–0.13) suggest the existence of significant gene flow among the three sampled sites.</abstract><qualityIndicators><score>7.856</score><pdfVersion>1.3</pdfVersion><pdfPageSize>595.276 x 793.701 pts</pdfPageSize><refBibsNative>true</refBibsNative><abstractCharCount>1565</abstractCharCount><pdfWordCount>8124</pdfWordCount><pdfCharCount>49908</pdfCharCount><pdfPageCount>14</pdfPageCount><abstractWordCount>238</abstractWordCount></qualityIndicators><title>Genetic structure and population dynamics of a heteroecious plant pathogen Melampsora larici‐epitea in short‐rotation coppice willow plantations</title><refBibs><json:item><author><json:item><name>C Bayon</name></json:item><json:item><name>MH Pei</name></json:item><json:item><name>T Hunter</name></json:item></author><host><volume>56</volume><pages><last>623</last><first>616</first></pages><author></author><title>Plant Pathology</title></host><title>Genetic structure and spatial distribution of the mycoparasite Sphaerellopsis filum on Melampsora larici‐epitea in a short‐rotation coppice willow planting</title></json:item><json:item><host><author></author><title>Bean WJ (1973) Trees and Shrubs Hardy in the British Isles, vol. 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graminicola</title></json:item></refBibs><genre><json:string>article</json:string></genre><host><volume>18</volume><publisherId><json:string>MEC</json:string></publisherId><pages><total>14</total><last>3019</last><first>3006</first></pages><issn><json:string>0962-1083</json:string></issn><issue>14</issue><genre><json:string>journal</json:string></genre><language><json:string>unknown</json:string></language><eissn><json:string>1365-294X</json:string></eissn><title>Molecular Ecology</title><doi><json:string>10.1111/(ISSN)1365-294X</json:string></doi></host><categories><wos><json:string>science</json:string><json:string>evolutionary biology</json:string><json:string>ecology</json:string><json:string>biochemistry & molecular biology</json:string></wos><scienceMetrix><json:string>natural sciences</json:string><json:string>biology</json:string><json:string>evolutionary biology</json:string></scienceMetrix></categories><publicationDate>2009</publicationDate><copyrightDate>2009</copyrightDate><doi><json:string>10.1111/j.1365-294X.2009.04255.x</json:string></doi><id>E3DD7485700C89484C8694E235D4F73BCBCFE272</id><score>1</score><fulltext><json:item><extension>pdf</extension><original>true</original><mimetype>application/pdf</mimetype><uri>https://api.istex.fr/document/E3DD7485700C89484C8694E235D4F73BCBCFE272/fulltext/pdf</uri></json:item><json:item><extension>zip</extension><original>false</original><mimetype>application/zip</mimetype><uri>https://api.istex.fr/document/E3DD7485700C89484C8694E235D4F73BCBCFE272/fulltext/zip</uri></json:item><istex:fulltextTEI uri="https://api.istex.fr/document/E3DD7485700C89484C8694E235D4F73BCBCFE272/fulltext/tei"><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title level="a" type="main" xml:lang="en">Genetic structure and population dynamics of a heteroecious plant pathogen Melampsora larici‐epitea in short‐rotation coppice willow plantations</title></titleStmt><publicationStmt><authority>ISTEX</authority><publisher>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</publisher><pubPlace>Oxford, UK</pubPlace><availability><p>© 2009 Blackwell Publishing Ltd</p></availability><date>2009</date></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct type="inbook"><analytic><title level="a" type="main" xml:lang="en">Genetic structure and population dynamics of a heteroecious plant pathogen Melampsora larici‐epitea in short‐rotation coppice willow plantations</title><author xml:id="author-1"><persName><forename type="first">CARLOS</forename><surname>BAYON</surname></persName><affiliation>Centre for Bioenergy and Climate Change, Plant & Invertebrate Ecology Division, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire AL5 2JQ, UK</affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-2"><persName><forename type="first">MING H.</forename><surname>PEI</surname></persName><affiliation>Centre for Bioenergy and Climate Change, Plant & Invertebrate Ecology Division, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire AL5 2JQ, UK</affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-3"><persName><forename type="first">CARMEN</forename><surname>RUIZ</surname></persName><affiliation>Centre for Bioenergy and Climate Change, Plant & Invertebrate Ecology Division, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire AL5 2JQ, UK</affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-4"><persName><forename type="first">TOM</forename><surname>HUNTER</surname></persName><affiliation>4 Wally Court Road, Chew Stoke, Bristol BS40 8XL, UK</affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-5"><persName><forename type="first">ANGELA</forename><surname>KARP</surname></persName><affiliation>Centre for Bioenergy and Climate Change, Plant & Invertebrate Ecology Division, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire AL5 2JQ, UK</affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-6"><persName><forename type="first">IAN</forename><surname>TUBBY</surname></persName><affiliation>Forest Research, Alice Holt Lodge, Wrecclesham, Farnham, Surrey GU10 4LH, UK</affiliation></author></analytic><monogr><title level="j">Molecular Ecology</title><idno type="pISSN">0962-1083</idno><idno type="eISSN">1365-294X</idno><idno type="DOI">10.1111/(ISSN)1365-294X</idno><imprint><publisher>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</publisher><pubPlace>Oxford, UK</pubPlace><date type="published" when="2009-07"></date><biblScope unit="volume">18</biblScope><biblScope unit="issue">14</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" from="3006">3006</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" to="3019">3019</biblScope></imprint></monogr><idno type="istex">E3DD7485700C89484C8694E235D4F73BCBCFE272</idno><idno type="DOI">10.1111/j.1365-294X.2009.04255.x</idno><idno type="ArticleID">MEC4255</idno></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><creation><date>2009</date></creation><langUsage><language ident="en">en</language></langUsage><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Complex life strategies are common among plant pathogens belonging to rust fungi (Uredinales). The heteroecious willow rust Melampsora larici‐epitea produces five spore stages and alternates on larch (Larix). To shed light on the epidemiology of this pathogen, amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLPs) were used to determine the genetic diversity and genetic structure of rust samples collected from coppice willow (Salix) plantations at three UK sites (LA, CA and MC) over three sampling dates (September 2000, July 2001 and September 2001). Of the total of 819 isolates, 465 were unique AFLP phenotypes and there was a shift in genotype diversity between the two seasons (0.67 in 2000 and 0.87–0.89 in 2001). No phenotypes were common between the two seasons within a site, suggesting that the rust did not overwinter as an asexual stage within plantations. A temporal analysis detected large amounts of genetic drift (FS = 0.15–0.26) between the two seasons and very small effective population sizes (Ne = 2–3) within sites. These results all point to a new colonization of the plantations by the rust in the second season (2001). The FST‐analogue values were ΦCT = 0.121, Weir and Cockerham’s θ = 0.086 and the Bayesian estimate θB = 0.087–0.096. The results suggest that the sources of inoculum were somewhat localized and the same sources were mainly responsible for disease epidemics in LA and CA over the two seasons. The relatively low FST‐values among sites (0.055–0.13) suggest the existence of significant gene flow among the three sampled sites.</p></abstract><textClass xml:lang="en"><keywords scheme="keyword"><list><head>keywords</head><item><term>AFLP</term></item><item><term>effective population size</term></item><item><term>Melampsora</term></item><item><term>genetic structure</term></item><item><term>Salix</term></item><item><term>source populations</term></item></list></keywords></textClass></profileDesc><revisionDesc><change when="2009-07">Published</change></revisionDesc></teiHeader></istex:fulltextTEI><json:item><extension>txt</extension><original>false</original><mimetype>text/plain</mimetype><uri>https://api.istex.fr/document/E3DD7485700C89484C8694E235D4F73BCBCFE272/fulltext/txt</uri></json:item></fulltext><metadata><istex:metadataXml wicri:clean="Wiley, elements deleted: body"><istex:xmlDeclaration>version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="yes"</istex:xmlDeclaration><istex:document><component version="2.0" type="serialArticle" xml:lang="en"><header><publicationMeta level="product"><publisherInfo><publisherName>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</publisherName><publisherLoc>Oxford, UK</publisherLoc></publisherInfo><doi origin="wiley" registered="yes">10.1111/(ISSN)1365-294X</doi><issn type="print">0962-1083</issn><issn type="electronic">1365-294X</issn><idGroup><id type="product" value="MEC"></id><id type="publisherDivision" value="ST"></id></idGroup><titleGroup><title type="main" sort="MOLECULAR ECOLOGY">Molecular Ecology</title></titleGroup></publicationMeta><publicationMeta level="part" position="07014"><doi origin="wiley">10.1111/mec.2009.18.issue-14</doi><numberingGroup><numbering type="journalVolume" number="18">18</numbering><numbering type="journalIssue" number="14">14</numbering></numberingGroup><coverDate startDate="2009-07">July 2009</coverDate></publicationMeta><publicationMeta level="unit" type="article" position="10" status="forIssue"><doi origin="wiley">10.1111/j.1365-294X.2009.04255.x</doi><idGroup><id type="unit" value="MEC4255"></id></idGroup><countGroup><count type="pageTotal" number="14"></count></countGroup><titleGroup><title type="tocHeading1">ORIGINAL ARTICLES</title><title type="tocHeading2">Population and Conservation Genetics</title></titleGroup><copyright>© 2009 Blackwell Publishing Ltd</copyright><eventGroup><event type="firstOnline" date="2009-06-04"></event><event type="publishedOnlineFinalForm" date="2009-06-29"></event><event type="xmlConverted" agent="Converter:BPG_TO_WML3G version:2.3.2 mode:FullText source:FullText result:FullText" date="2010-03-10"></event><event type="xmlConverted" agent="Converter:WILEY_ML3G_TO_WILEY_ML3GV2 version:4.0.1" date="2014-03-20"></event><event type="xmlConverted" agent="Converter:WML3G_To_WML3G version:4.1.7 mode:FullText,remove_FC" date="2014-10-31"></event></eventGroup><numberingGroup><numbering type="pageFirst" number="3006">3006</numbering><numbering type="pageLast" number="3019">3019</numbering></numberingGroup><correspondenceTo>Ming H. Pei, Fax: +44(0)1582760981; E‐mail: <email>ming.pei@bbsrc.ac.uk</email></correspondenceTo><linkGroup><link type="toTypesetVersion" href="file:MEC.MEC4255.pdf"></link></linkGroup></publicationMeta><contentMeta><unparsedEditorialHistory>Received 16 October 2008; revision received 7 April 2009; accepted 9 April 2009</unparsedEditorialHistory><countGroup><count type="figureTotal" number="3"></count><count type="tableTotal" number="6"></count></countGroup><titleGroup><title type="main">Genetic structure and population dynamics of a heteroecious plant pathogen <i>Melampsora larici‐epitea</i> in short‐rotation coppice willow plantations</title><title type="shortAuthors">C. BAYON <i>ET AL.</i></title><title type="short">POPULATION GENETICS OF WILLOW RUST</title></titleGroup><creators><creator creatorRole="author" xml:id="cr1" affiliationRef="#a1"><personName><givenNames>CARLOS</givenNames><familyName>BAYON</familyName></personName></creator><creator creatorRole="author" xml:id="cr2" affiliationRef="#a1"><personName><givenNames>MING H.</givenNames><familyName>PEI</familyName></personName></creator><creator creatorRole="author" xml:id="cr3" affiliationRef="#a1"><personName><givenNames>CARMEN</givenNames><familyName>RUIZ</familyName></personName></creator><creator creatorRole="author" xml:id="cr4" affiliationRef="#a2"><personName><givenNames>TOM</givenNames><familyName>HUNTER</familyName></personName></creator><creator creatorRole="author" xml:id="cr5" affiliationRef="#a1"><personName><givenNames>ANGELA</givenNames><familyName>KARP</familyName></personName></creator><creator creatorRole="author" xml:id="cr6" affiliationRef="#a3"><personName><givenNames>IAN</givenNames><familyName>TUBBY</familyName></personName></creator></creators><affiliationGroup><affiliation xml:id="a1" countryCode="GB"><unparsedAffiliation>Centre for Bioenergy and Climate Change, Plant & Invertebrate Ecology Division, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire AL5 2JQ, UK</unparsedAffiliation></affiliation><affiliation xml:id="a2" countryCode="GB"><unparsedAffiliation>4 Wally Court Road, Chew Stoke, Bristol BS40 8XL, UK</unparsedAffiliation></affiliation><affiliation xml:id="a3" countryCode="GB"><unparsedAffiliation>Forest Research, Alice Holt Lodge, Wrecclesham, Farnham, Surrey GU10 4LH, UK</unparsedAffiliation></affiliation></affiliationGroup><keywordGroup xml:lang="en"><keyword xml:id="k1">AFLP</keyword><keyword xml:id="k2">effective population size</keyword><keyword xml:id="k3"><i>Melampsora</i></keyword><keyword xml:id="k4">genetic structure</keyword><keyword xml:id="k5"><i>Salix</i></keyword><keyword xml:id="k6">source populations</keyword></keywordGroup><abstractGroup><abstract type="main" xml:lang="en"><title type="main">Abstract</title><p>Complex life strategies are common among plant pathogens belonging to rust fungi (<i>Uredinales</i>). The heteroecious willow rust <i>Melampsora larici‐epitea</i> produces five spore stages and alternates on larch (<i>Larix</i>). To shed light on the epidemiology of this pathogen, amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLPs) were used to determine the genetic diversity and genetic structure of rust samples collected from coppice willow (<i>Salix</i>) plantations at three UK sites (LA, CA and MC) over three sampling dates (September 2000, July 2001 and September 2001). Of the total of 819 isolates, 465 were unique AFLP phenotypes and there was a shift in genotype diversity between the two seasons (0.67 in 2000 and 0.87–0.89 in 2001). No phenotypes were common between the two seasons within a site, suggesting that the rust did not overwinter as an asexual stage within plantations. A temporal analysis detected large amounts of genetic drift (<i>F</i><sub>S</sub> = 0.15–0.26) between the two seasons and very small effective population sizes (<i>N</i><sub>e</sub><i> = </i>2–3) within sites. These results all point to a new colonization of the plantations by the rust in the second season (2001). The <i>F</i><sub>ST</sub>‐analogue values were Φ<sub>CT</sub> = 0.121, Weir and Cockerham’s θ = 0.086 and the Bayesian estimate θ<sup>B</sup> = 0.087–0.096. The results suggest that the sources of inoculum were somewhat localized and the same sources were mainly responsible for disease epidemics in LA and CA over the two seasons. The relatively low <i>F</i><sub>ST</sub>‐values among sites (0.055–0.13) suggest the existence of significant gene flow among the three sampled sites.</p></abstract></abstractGroup></contentMeta><noteGroup><note xml:id="n-fnt-1" numbered="no"><p>C.B, C.R., T.H. and M.H.P. contributed working as a research team on energy crop pathology. A.K. is the Head of the Centre for Bioenergy and Climate Change and the Head of Genetic Diversity Group at Rothamsted Research. I.T. is a project leader at the Biometrics, Surveys & Statistics Division, Forest Research, Alice Holt, Surrey.</p></note></noteGroup></header></component></istex:document></istex:metadataXml><mods version="3.6"><titleInfo lang="en"><title>Genetic structure and population dynamics of a heteroecious plant pathogen Melampsora larici‐epitea in short‐rotation coppice willow plantations</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="abbreviated" lang="en"><title>POPULATION GENETICS OF WILLOW RUST</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="alternative" contentType="CDATA" lang="en"><title>Genetic structure and population dynamics of a heteroecious plant pathogen Melampsora larici‐epitea in short‐rotation coppice willow plantations</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">CARLOS</namePart><namePart type="family">BAYON</namePart><affiliation>Centre for Bioenergy and Climate Change, Plant & Invertebrate Ecology Division, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire AL5 2JQ, UK</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">MING H.</namePart><namePart type="family">PEI</namePart><affiliation>Centre for Bioenergy and Climate Change, Plant & Invertebrate Ecology Division, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire AL5 2JQ, UK</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">CARMEN</namePart><namePart type="family">RUIZ</namePart><affiliation>Centre for Bioenergy and Climate Change, Plant & Invertebrate Ecology Division, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire AL5 2JQ, UK</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">TOM</namePart><namePart type="family">HUNTER</namePart><affiliation>4 Wally Court Road, Chew Stoke, Bristol BS40 8XL, UK</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">ANGELA</namePart><namePart type="family">KARP</namePart><affiliation>Centre for Bioenergy and Climate Change, Plant & Invertebrate Ecology Division, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire AL5 2JQ, UK</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">IAN</namePart><namePart type="family">TUBBY</namePart><affiliation>Forest Research, Alice Holt Lodge, Wrecclesham, Farnham, Surrey GU10 4LH, UK</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><typeOfResource>text</typeOfResource><genre type="article" displayLabel="article"></genre><originInfo><publisher>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</publisher><place><placeTerm type="text">Oxford, UK</placeTerm></place><dateIssued encoding="w3cdtf">2009-07</dateIssued><edition>Received 16 October 2008; revision received 7 April 2009; accepted 9 April 2009</edition><copyrightDate encoding="w3cdtf">2009</copyrightDate></originInfo><language><languageTerm type="code" authority="rfc3066">en</languageTerm><languageTerm type="code" authority="iso639-2b">eng</languageTerm></language><physicalDescription><internetMediaType>text/html</internetMediaType><extent unit="figures">3</extent><extent unit="tables">6</extent></physicalDescription><abstract lang="en">Complex life strategies are common among plant pathogens belonging to rust fungi (Uredinales). The heteroecious willow rust Melampsora larici‐epitea produces five spore stages and alternates on larch (Larix). To shed light on the epidemiology of this pathogen, amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLPs) were used to determine the genetic diversity and genetic structure of rust samples collected from coppice willow (Salix) plantations at three UK sites (LA, CA and MC) over three sampling dates (September 2000, July 2001 and September 2001). Of the total of 819 isolates, 465 were unique AFLP phenotypes and there was a shift in genotype diversity between the two seasons (0.67 in 2000 and 0.87–0.89 in 2001). No phenotypes were common between the two seasons within a site, suggesting that the rust did not overwinter as an asexual stage within plantations. A temporal analysis detected large amounts of genetic drift (FS = 0.15–0.26) between the two seasons and very small effective population sizes (Ne = 2–3) within sites. These results all point to a new colonization of the plantations by the rust in the second season (2001). The FST‐analogue values were ΦCT = 0.121, Weir and Cockerham’s θ = 0.086 and the Bayesian estimate θB = 0.087–0.096. The results suggest that the sources of inoculum were somewhat localized and the same sources were mainly responsible for disease epidemics in LA and CA over the two seasons. The relatively low FST‐values among sites (0.055–0.13) suggest the existence of significant gene flow among the three sampled sites.</abstract><subject lang="en"><genre>keywords</genre><topic>AFLP</topic><topic>effective population size</topic><topic>Melampsora</topic><topic>genetic structure</topic><topic>Salix</topic><topic>source populations</topic></subject><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Molecular Ecology</title></titleInfo><genre type="journal">journal</genre><identifier type="ISSN">0962-1083</identifier><identifier type="eISSN">1365-294X</identifier><identifier type="DOI">10.1111/(ISSN)1365-294X</identifier><identifier type="PublisherID">MEC</identifier><part><date>2009</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>18</number></detail><detail type="issue"><caption>no.</caption><number>14</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>3006</start><end>3019</end><total>14</total></extent></part></relatedItem><identifier type="istex">E3DD7485700C89484C8694E235D4F73BCBCFE272</identifier><identifier type="DOI">10.1111/j.1365-294X.2009.04255.x</identifier><identifier type="ArticleID">MEC4255</identifier><accessCondition type="use and reproduction" contentType="copyright">© 2009 Blackwell Publishing Ltd</accessCondition><recordInfo><recordContentSource>WILEY</recordContentSource><recordOrigin>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</recordOrigin></recordInfo></mods></metadata><serie></serie></istex></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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