Soil CO2 efflux measurements in a mixed forest: impact of chamber disturbances, spatial variability and seasonal evolution
Identifieur interne : 001433 ( Istex/Corpus ); précédent : 001432; suivant : 001434Soil CO2 efflux measurements in a mixed forest: impact of chamber disturbances, spatial variability and seasonal evolution
Auteurs : B. Longdoz ; M. Yernaux ; M. AubinetSource :
- Global Change Biology [ 1354-1013 ] ; 2000-12.
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Abstract
A closed‐dynamic‐chamber system (CDCS) was used to measure the spatial and seasonal variability of the soil CO2 efflux (Fs) in beech and in Douglas fir patches of the Vielsalm forest (Belgium). First the difference between natural and measured soil CO2 efflux induced by the presence of the CDCS was studied. The impact on the measurements of the pressure difference between the outside (natural condition) and the inside of the chamber was found to be small (0.4%). The influence of wind disturbance in the closed chamber was tested by comparison with an open‐chamber system characterized by a different wind distribution. A very good correlation between the two systems was found (r2 = 0.99) but the open system yielded slightly lower fluxes than the closed one (slope = 0.88 ± 0.05). A measurement procedure has been developed to minimize the effect of the other sources of perturbation. The spatial and seasonal evolution of the soil CO2 efflux was obtained by performing regular measurements on 29 spots in the beech patch over a period of 12 months and on 24 spots in the Douglas fir patch over 8 months. For each spot, the experimental relationship between Fs and soil temperature was compared with the fitted line for an Arrhenius relationship with a soil temperature‐dependent activation energy. Soil temperature explains 73% of the seasonal variation for all the data. The spatial average of the soil CO2 efflux at 10 °C (Fs10) in the beech patch is 2.57 ± 0.41 μmol m−2 s−1, approximately twice the average in the Douglas fir patch recorded at 1.42 ± 0.22 μmol m−2 s−1. The litter fall analysis seems to indicate that soil organic matter quality and quantity may be one the reasons for this difference. Finally the annual soil CO2 efflux was calculated for the beech and Douglas fir patches (870 ± 140 and 438 ± 68 gC m−2 y−1, respectively). The beech value would represent 92 ± 15% of the annual ecosystem respiration estimated from the eddy covariance measurements.
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DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2486.2000.00369.x
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<record><TEI wicri:istexFullTextTei="biblStruct"><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Soil CO2 efflux measurements in a mixed forest: impact of chamber disturbances, spatial variability and seasonal evolution</title><author><name sortKey="Longdoz, B" sort="Longdoz, B" uniqKey="Longdoz B" first="B." last="Longdoz">B. Longdoz</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Unité de Physique et de Chimie – Physique, Faculté Universitaire des Sciences Agronomiques de Gembloux, 8 av. de la faculté B‐5030 Gembloux, Belgium</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Yernaux, M" sort="Yernaux, M" uniqKey="Yernaux M" first="M." last="Yernaux">M. Yernaux</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Unité de Physique et de Chimie – Physique, Faculté Universitaire des Sciences Agronomiques de Gembloux, 8 av. de la faculté B‐5030 Gembloux, Belgium</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Aubinet, M" sort="Aubinet, M" uniqKey="Aubinet M" first="M." last="Aubinet">M. Aubinet</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Unité de Physique et de Chimie – Physique, Faculté Universitaire des Sciences Agronomiques de Gembloux, 8 av. de la faculté B‐5030 Gembloux, Belgium</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">ISTEX</idno><idno type="RBID">ISTEX:BC9EA76D74776FAD758E805419FB14B36F0F7B89</idno><date when="2000" year="2000">2000</date><idno type="doi">10.1046/j.1365-2486.2000.00369.x</idno><idno type="url">https://api.istex.fr/document/BC9EA76D74776FAD758E805419FB14B36F0F7B89/fulltext/pdf</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Istex/Corpus">001433</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Istex" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="ISTEX">001433</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title level="a" type="main" xml:lang="en">Soil CO2 efflux measurements in a mixed forest: impact of chamber disturbances, spatial variability and seasonal evolution</title><author><name sortKey="Longdoz, B" sort="Longdoz, B" uniqKey="Longdoz B" first="B." last="Longdoz">B. Longdoz</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Unité de Physique et de Chimie – Physique, Faculté Universitaire des Sciences Agronomiques de Gembloux, 8 av. de la faculté B‐5030 Gembloux, Belgium</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Yernaux, M" sort="Yernaux, M" uniqKey="Yernaux M" first="M." last="Yernaux">M. Yernaux</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Unité de Physique et de Chimie – Physique, Faculté Universitaire des Sciences Agronomiques de Gembloux, 8 av. de la faculté B‐5030 Gembloux, Belgium</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Aubinet, M" sort="Aubinet, M" uniqKey="Aubinet M" first="M." last="Aubinet">M. Aubinet</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Unité de Physique et de Chimie – Physique, Faculté Universitaire des Sciences Agronomiques de Gembloux, 8 av. de la faculté B‐5030 Gembloux, Belgium</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author></analytic><monogr></monogr><series><title level="j">Global Change Biology</title><idno type="ISSN">1354-1013</idno><idno type="eISSN">1365-2486</idno><imprint><publisher>Blackwell Science Ltd</publisher><pubPlace>Oxford, UK</pubPlace><date type="published" when="2000-12">2000-12</date><biblScope unit="volume">6</biblScope><biblScope unit="issue">8</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" from="907">907</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" to="917">917</biblScope></imprint><idno type="ISSN">1354-1013</idno></series><idno type="istex">BC9EA76D74776FAD758E805419FB14B36F0F7B89</idno><idno type="DOI">10.1046/j.1365-2486.2000.00369.x</idno><idno type="ArticleID">GCB369</idno></biblStruct></sourceDesc><seriesStmt><idno type="ISSN">1354-1013</idno></seriesStmt></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>closed chamber</term><term>pressure</term><term>seasonal evolution</term><term>soil CO2 efflux</term><term>soil respiration</term><term>spatial variability</term></keywords></textClass><langUsage><language ident="en">en</language></langUsage></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">A closed‐dynamic‐chamber system (CDCS) was used to measure the spatial and seasonal variability of the soil CO2 efflux (Fs) in beech and in Douglas fir patches of the Vielsalm forest (Belgium). First the difference between natural and measured soil CO2 efflux induced by the presence of the CDCS was studied. The impact on the measurements of the pressure difference between the outside (natural condition) and the inside of the chamber was found to be small (0.4%). The influence of wind disturbance in the closed chamber was tested by comparison with an open‐chamber system characterized by a different wind distribution. A very good correlation between the two systems was found (r2 = 0.99) but the open system yielded slightly lower fluxes than the closed one (slope = 0.88 ± 0.05). A measurement procedure has been developed to minimize the effect of the other sources of perturbation. The spatial and seasonal evolution of the soil CO2 efflux was obtained by performing regular measurements on 29 spots in the beech patch over a period of 12 months and on 24 spots in the Douglas fir patch over 8 months. For each spot, the experimental relationship between Fs and soil temperature was compared with the fitted line for an Arrhenius relationship with a soil temperature‐dependent activation energy. Soil temperature explains 73% of the seasonal variation for all the data. The spatial average of the soil CO2 efflux at 10 °C (Fs10) in the beech patch is 2.57 ± 0.41 μmol m−2 s−1, approximately twice the average in the Douglas fir patch recorded at 1.42 ± 0.22 μmol m−2 s−1. The litter fall analysis seems to indicate that soil organic matter quality and quantity may be one the reasons for this difference. Finally the annual soil CO2 efflux was calculated for the beech and Douglas fir patches (870 ± 140 and 438 ± 68 gC m−2 y−1, respectively). The beech value would represent 92 ± 15% of the annual ecosystem respiration estimated from the eddy covariance measurements.</div></front></TEI><istex><corpusName>wiley</corpusName><author><json:item><name>B. Longdoz</name><affiliations><json:string>Unité de Physique et de Chimie – Physique, Faculté Universitaire des Sciences Agronomiques de Gembloux, 8 av. de la faculté B‐5030 Gembloux, Belgium</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>M. Yernaux</name><affiliations><json:string>Unité de Physique et de Chimie – Physique, Faculté Universitaire des Sciences Agronomiques de Gembloux, 8 av. de la faculté B‐5030 Gembloux, Belgium</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>M. Aubinet</name><affiliations><json:string>Unité de Physique et de Chimie – Physique, Faculté Universitaire des Sciences Agronomiques de Gembloux, 8 av. de la faculté B‐5030 Gembloux, Belgium</json:string></affiliations></json:item></author><subject><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>closed chamber</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>pressure</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>seasonal evolution</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>soil CO2 efflux</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>soil respiration</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>spatial variability</value></json:item></subject><articleId><json:string>GCB369</json:string></articleId><language><json:string>eng</json:string></language><originalGenre><json:string>miscellaneous</json:string></originalGenre><abstract>A closed‐dynamic‐chamber system (CDCS) was used to measure the spatial and seasonal variability of the soil CO2 efflux (Fs) in beech and in Douglas fir patches of the Vielsalm forest (Belgium). First the difference between natural and measured soil CO2 efflux induced by the presence of the CDCS was studied. The impact on the measurements of the pressure difference between the outside (natural condition) and the inside of the chamber was found to be small (0.4%). The influence of wind disturbance in the closed chamber was tested by comparison with an open‐chamber system characterized by a different wind distribution. A very good correlation between the two systems was found (r2 = 0.99) but the open system yielded slightly lower fluxes than the closed one (slope = 0.88 ± 0.05). A measurement procedure has been developed to minimize the effect of the other sources of perturbation. The spatial and seasonal evolution of the soil CO2 efflux was obtained by performing regular measurements on 29 spots in the beech patch over a period of 12 months and on 24 spots in the Douglas fir patch over 8 months. For each spot, the experimental relationship between Fs and soil temperature was compared with the fitted line for an Arrhenius relationship with a soil temperature‐dependent activation energy. Soil temperature explains 73% of the seasonal variation for all the data. The spatial average of the soil CO2 efflux at 10 °C (Fs10) in the beech patch is 2.57 ± 0.41 μmol m−2 s−1, approximately twice the average in the Douglas fir patch recorded at 1.42 ± 0.22 μmol m−2 s−1. The litter fall analysis seems to indicate that soil organic matter quality and quantity may be one the reasons for this difference. Finally the annual soil CO2 efflux was calculated for the beech and Douglas fir patches (870 ± 140 and 438 ± 68 gC m−2 y−1, respectively). The beech value would represent 92 ± 15% of the annual ecosystem respiration estimated from the eddy covariance measurements.</abstract><qualityIndicators><score>8</score><pdfVersion>1.3</pdfVersion><pdfPageSize>612 x 793 pts</pdfPageSize><refBibsNative>true</refBibsNative><abstractCharCount>1978</abstractCharCount><pdfWordCount>6747</pdfWordCount><pdfCharCount>38705</pdfCharCount><pdfPageCount>11</pdfPageCount><abstractWordCount>310</abstractWordCount></qualityIndicators><title>Soil CO2 efflux measurements in a mixed forest: impact of chamber disturbances, spatial variability and seasonal evolution</title><refBibs><json:item><host><author></author><title>Aubinet, M submitted Three years of carbon sequestration in a mixed forest under temperate climate. 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A microcosm test</title></json:item><json:item><author><json:item><name>M Witkamp</name></json:item></author><host><volume>47</volume><pages><last>201</last><first>194</first></pages><author></author><title>Ecology</title></host><title>Decomposition of leaf litter in relation to environment, microflora and microbial respiration</title></json:item></refBibs><genre><json:string>other</json:string></genre><host><volume>6</volume><publisherId><json:string>GCB</json:string></publisherId><pages><total>11</total><last>917</last><first>907</first></pages><issn><json:string>1354-1013</json:string></issn><issue>8</issue><genre><json:string>journal</json:string></genre><language><json:string>unknown</json:string></language><eissn><json:string>1365-2486</json:string></eissn><title>Global Change Biology</title><doi><json:string>10.1111/(ISSN)1365-2486</json:string></doi></host><categories><wos><json:string>science</json:string><json:string>environmental sciences</json:string><json:string>ecology</json:string><json:string>biodiversity conservation</json:string></wos><scienceMetrix><json:string>natural sciences</json:string><json:string>biology</json:string><json:string>ecology</json:string></scienceMetrix></categories><publicationDate>2000</publicationDate><copyrightDate>2000</copyrightDate><doi><json:string>10.1046/j.1365-2486.2000.00369.x</json:string></doi><id>BC9EA76D74776FAD758E805419FB14B36F0F7B89</id><score>1</score><fulltext><json:item><extension>pdf</extension><original>true</original><mimetype>application/pdf</mimetype><uri>https://api.istex.fr/document/BC9EA76D74776FAD758E805419FB14B36F0F7B89/fulltext/pdf</uri></json:item><json:item><extension>zip</extension><original>false</original><mimetype>application/zip</mimetype><uri>https://api.istex.fr/document/BC9EA76D74776FAD758E805419FB14B36F0F7B89/fulltext/zip</uri></json:item><istex:fulltextTEI uri="https://api.istex.fr/document/BC9EA76D74776FAD758E805419FB14B36F0F7B89/fulltext/tei"><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title level="a" type="main" xml:lang="en">Soil CO2 efflux measurements in a mixed forest: impact of chamber disturbances, spatial variability and seasonal evolution</title></titleStmt><publicationStmt><authority>ISTEX</authority><publisher>Blackwell Science Ltd</publisher><pubPlace>Oxford, UK</pubPlace><availability><p>WILEY</p></availability><date>2000</date></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct type="inbook"><analytic><title level="a" type="main" xml:lang="en">Soil CO2 efflux measurements in a mixed forest: impact of chamber disturbances, spatial variability and seasonal evolution</title><author xml:id="author-1"><persName><forename type="first">B.</forename><surname>Longdoz</surname></persName><affiliation>Unité de Physique et de Chimie – Physique, Faculté Universitaire des Sciences Agronomiques de Gembloux, 8 av. de la faculté B‐5030 Gembloux, Belgium</affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-2"><persName><forename type="first">M.</forename><surname>Yernaux</surname></persName><affiliation>Unité de Physique et de Chimie – Physique, Faculté Universitaire des Sciences Agronomiques de Gembloux, 8 av. de la faculté B‐5030 Gembloux, Belgium</affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-3"><persName><forename type="first">M.</forename><surname>Aubinet</surname></persName><affiliation>Unité de Physique et de Chimie – Physique, Faculté Universitaire des Sciences Agronomiques de Gembloux, 8 av. de la faculté B‐5030 Gembloux, Belgium</affiliation></author></analytic><monogr><title level="j">Global Change Biology</title><idno type="pISSN">1354-1013</idno><idno type="eISSN">1365-2486</idno><idno type="DOI">10.1111/(ISSN)1365-2486</idno><imprint><publisher>Blackwell Science Ltd</publisher><pubPlace>Oxford, UK</pubPlace><date type="published" when="2000-12"></date><biblScope unit="volume">6</biblScope><biblScope unit="issue">8</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" from="907">907</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" to="917">917</biblScope></imprint></monogr><idno type="istex">BC9EA76D74776FAD758E805419FB14B36F0F7B89</idno><idno type="DOI">10.1046/j.1365-2486.2000.00369.x</idno><idno type="ArticleID">GCB369</idno></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><creation><date>2000</date></creation><langUsage><language ident="en">en</language></langUsage><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>A closed‐dynamic‐chamber system (CDCS) was used to measure the spatial and seasonal variability of the soil CO2 efflux (Fs) in beech and in Douglas fir patches of the Vielsalm forest (Belgium). First the difference between natural and measured soil CO2 efflux induced by the presence of the CDCS was studied. The impact on the measurements of the pressure difference between the outside (natural condition) and the inside of the chamber was found to be small (0.4%). The influence of wind disturbance in the closed chamber was tested by comparison with an open‐chamber system characterized by a different wind distribution. A very good correlation between the two systems was found (r2 = 0.99) but the open system yielded slightly lower fluxes than the closed one (slope = 0.88 ± 0.05). A measurement procedure has been developed to minimize the effect of the other sources of perturbation. The spatial and seasonal evolution of the soil CO2 efflux was obtained by performing regular measurements on 29 spots in the beech patch over a period of 12 months and on 24 spots in the Douglas fir patch over 8 months. For each spot, the experimental relationship between Fs and soil temperature was compared with the fitted line for an Arrhenius relationship with a soil temperature‐dependent activation energy. Soil temperature explains 73% of the seasonal variation for all the data. The spatial average of the soil CO2 efflux at 10 °C (Fs10) in the beech patch is 2.57 ± 0.41 μmol m−2 s−1, approximately twice the average in the Douglas fir patch recorded at 1.42 ± 0.22 μmol m−2 s−1. The litter fall analysis seems to indicate that soil organic matter quality and quantity may be one the reasons for this difference. Finally the annual soil CO2 efflux was calculated for the beech and Douglas fir patches (870 ± 140 and 438 ± 68 gC m−2 y−1, respectively). The beech value would represent 92 ± 15% of the annual ecosystem respiration estimated from the eddy covariance measurements.</p></abstract><textClass xml:lang="en"><keywords scheme="keyword"><list><head>keywords</head><item><term>closed chamber</term></item><item><term>pressure</term></item><item><term>seasonal evolution</term></item><item><term>soil CO2 efflux</term></item><item><term>soil respiration</term></item><item><term>spatial variability</term></item></list></keywords></textClass></profileDesc><revisionDesc><change when="2000-12">Published</change></revisionDesc></teiHeader></istex:fulltextTEI><json:item><extension>txt</extension><original>false</original><mimetype>text/plain</mimetype><uri>https://api.istex.fr/document/BC9EA76D74776FAD758E805419FB14B36F0F7B89/fulltext/txt</uri></json:item></fulltext><metadata><istex:metadataXml wicri:clean="Wiley, elements deleted: body"><istex:xmlDeclaration>version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="yes"</istex:xmlDeclaration><istex:document><component version="2.0" type="serialArticle" xml:lang="en"><header><publicationMeta level="product"><publisherInfo><publisherName>Blackwell Science Ltd</publisherName><publisherLoc>Oxford, UK</publisherLoc></publisherInfo><doi origin="wiley" registered="yes">10.1111/(ISSN)1365-2486</doi><issn type="print">1354-1013</issn><issn type="electronic">1365-2486</issn><idGroup><id type="product" value="GCB"></id><id type="publisherDivision" value="ST"></id></idGroup><titleGroup><title type="main" sort="GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY">Global Change Biology</title></titleGroup></publicationMeta><publicationMeta level="part" position="12008"><doi origin="wiley">10.1111/gcb.2000.6.issue-8</doi><numberingGroup><numbering type="journalVolume" number="6">6</numbering><numbering type="journalIssue" number="8">8</numbering></numberingGroup><coverDate startDate="2000-12">December 2000</coverDate></publicationMeta><publicationMeta level="unit" type="miscellaneous" position="0090700" status="forIssue"><doi origin="wiley">10.1046/j.1365-2486.2000.00369.x</doi><idGroup><id type="unit" value="GCB369"></id></idGroup><countGroup><count type="pageTotal" number="11"></count></countGroup><titleGroup><title type="tocHeading1">Commentary</title></titleGroup><eventGroup><event type="firstOnline" date="2008-10-09"></event><event type="publishedOnlineFinalForm" date="2008-10-09"></event><event type="xmlConverted" agent="Converter:BPG_TO_WML3G version:2.3.6 mode:FullText source:Header result:Header" date="2010-04-20"></event><event type="xmlConverted" agent="Converter:WILEY_ML3G_TO_WILEY_ML3GV2 version:3.8.8" date="2014-01-25"></event><event type="xmlConverted" agent="Converter:WML3G_To_WML3G version:4.1.7 mode:FullText,remove_FC" date="2014-10-23"></event></eventGroup><numberingGroup><numbering type="pageFirst" number="907">907</numbering><numbering type="pageLast" number="917">917</numbering></numberingGroup><correspondenceTo> Bernard Longdoz, tel: + 32/ (0)81 622492, fax: + 32/ (0)81 614544, e‐mail: <email>longdoz.b@fsagx.ac.be</email></correspondenceTo><linkGroup><link type="toTypesetVersion" href="file:GCB.GCB369.pdf"></link></linkGroup></publicationMeta><contentMeta><unparsedEditorialHistory>Received 6 December 1999; resubmitted and accepted 30 March 2000</unparsedEditorialHistory><countGroup><count type="figureTotal" number="6"></count><count type="tableTotal" number="2"></count><count type="formulaTotal" number="5"></count><count type="referenceTotal" number="41"></count><count type="wordTotal" number="6770"></count><count type="linksPubMed" number="0"></count><count type="linksCrossRef" number="4"></count></countGroup><titleGroup><title type="main">Soil CO<sub>2</sub> efflux measurements in a mixed forest: impact of chamber disturbances, spatial variability and seasonal evolution</title><title type="shortAuthors">B. LONGDOZ et al<i>.</i></title><title type="short">SOIL CO<sub>2</sub> EFFLUX IN A MIXED FOREST</title></titleGroup><creators><creator creatorRole="author" xml:id="cr1" affiliationRef="#a1"><personName><givenNames>B.</givenNames><familyName>Longdoz</familyName></personName></creator><creator creatorRole="author" xml:id="cr2" affiliationRef="#a1"><personName><givenNames>M.</givenNames><familyName>Yernaux</familyName></personName></creator><creator creatorRole="author" xml:id="cr3" affiliationRef="#a1"><personName><givenNames>M.</givenNames><familyName>Aubinet</familyName></personName></creator></creators><affiliationGroup><affiliation xml:id="a1" countryCode="BE"><unparsedAffiliation>Unité de Physique et de Chimie – Physique, Faculté Universitaire des Sciences Agronomiques de Gembloux, 8 av. de la faculté B‐5030 Gembloux, Belgium</unparsedAffiliation></affiliation></affiliationGroup><keywordGroup xml:lang="en"><keyword xml:id="k1">closed chamber</keyword><keyword xml:id="k2">pressure</keyword><keyword xml:id="k3">seasonal evolution</keyword><keyword xml:id="k4">soil CO<sub>2</sub> efflux </keyword><keyword xml:id="k5">soil respiration</keyword><keyword xml:id="k6">spatial variability</keyword></keywordGroup><abstractGroup><abstract type="main" xml:lang="en"><title type="main">Summary</title><p>A closed‐dynamic‐chamber system (CDCS) was used to measure the spatial and seasonal variability of the soil CO<sub>2</sub> efflux (<i>F</i><sub>s</sub>) in beech and in Douglas fir patches of the Vielsalm forest (Belgium). First the difference between natural and measured soil CO<sub>2</sub> efflux induced by the presence of the CDCS was studied. The impact on the measurements of the pressure difference between the outside (natural condition) and the inside of the chamber was found to be small (0.4%). The influence of wind disturbance in the closed chamber was tested by comparison with an open‐chamber system characterized by a different wind distribution. A very good correlation between the two systems was found (<i>r</i><sup>2</sup> = 0.99) but the open system yielded slightly lower fluxes than the closed one (slope = 0.88 ± 0.05). A measurement procedure has been developed to minimize the effect of the other sources of perturbation.</p><p>The spatial and seasonal evolution of the soil CO<sub>2</sub> efflux was obtained by performing regular measurements on 29 spots in the beech patch over a period of 12 months and on 24 spots in the Douglas fir patch over 8 months. For each spot, the experimental relationship between <i>Fs</i> and soil temperature was compared with the fitted line for an Arrhenius relationship with a soil temperature‐dependent activation energy.</p><p>Soil temperature explains 73% of the seasonal variation for all the data. The spatial average of the soil CO<sub>2</sub> efflux at 10 °C (<i>Fs</i><sub>10</sub>) in the beech patch is 2.57 ± 0.41 μmol m<sup>−2</sup> s<sup>−1</sup>, approximately twice the average in the Douglas fir patch recorded at 1.42 ± 0.22 μmol m<sup>−2</sup> s<sup>−1</sup>.</p><p>The litter fall analysis seems to indicate that soil organic matter quality and quantity may be one the reasons for this difference. Finally the annual soil CO<sub>2</sub> efflux was calculated for the beech and Douglas fir patches (870 ± 140 and 438 ± 68 gC m<sup>−2</sup> y<sup>−1</sup>, respectively). The beech value would represent 92 ± 15% of the annual ecosystem respiration estimated from the eddy covariance measurements.</p></abstract></abstractGroup></contentMeta></header></component></istex:document></istex:metadataXml><mods version="3.6"><titleInfo lang="en"><title>Soil CO2 efflux measurements in a mixed forest: impact of chamber disturbances, spatial variability and seasonal evolution</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="abbreviated" lang="en"><title>SOIL CO2 EFFLUX IN A MIXED FOREST</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="alternative" contentType="CDATA" lang="en"><title>Soil CO2 efflux measurements in a mixed forest: impact of chamber disturbances, spatial variability and seasonal evolution</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">B.</namePart><namePart type="family">Longdoz</namePart><affiliation>Unité de Physique et de Chimie – Physique, Faculté Universitaire des Sciences Agronomiques de Gembloux, 8 av. de la faculté B‐5030 Gembloux, Belgium</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">M.</namePart><namePart type="family">Yernaux</namePart><affiliation>Unité de Physique et de Chimie – Physique, Faculté Universitaire des Sciences Agronomiques de Gembloux, 8 av. de la faculté B‐5030 Gembloux, Belgium</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">M.</namePart><namePart type="family">Aubinet</namePart><affiliation>Unité de Physique et de Chimie – Physique, Faculté Universitaire des Sciences Agronomiques de Gembloux, 8 av. de la faculté B‐5030 Gembloux, Belgium</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><typeOfResource>text</typeOfResource><genre type="other" displayLabel="miscellaneous"></genre><originInfo><publisher>Blackwell Science Ltd</publisher><place><placeTerm type="text">Oxford, UK</placeTerm></place><dateIssued encoding="w3cdtf">2000-12</dateIssued><edition>Received 6 December 1999; resubmitted and accepted 30 March 2000</edition><copyrightDate encoding="w3cdtf">2000</copyrightDate></originInfo><language><languageTerm type="code" authority="rfc3066">en</languageTerm><languageTerm type="code" authority="iso639-2b">eng</languageTerm></language><physicalDescription><internetMediaType>text/html</internetMediaType><extent unit="figures">6</extent><extent unit="tables">2</extent><extent unit="formulas">5</extent><extent unit="references">41</extent><extent unit="words">6770</extent></physicalDescription><abstract lang="en">A closed‐dynamic‐chamber system (CDCS) was used to measure the spatial and seasonal variability of the soil CO2 efflux (Fs) in beech and in Douglas fir patches of the Vielsalm forest (Belgium). First the difference between natural and measured soil CO2 efflux induced by the presence of the CDCS was studied. The impact on the measurements of the pressure difference between the outside (natural condition) and the inside of the chamber was found to be small (0.4%). The influence of wind disturbance in the closed chamber was tested by comparison with an open‐chamber system characterized by a different wind distribution. A very good correlation between the two systems was found (r2 = 0.99) but the open system yielded slightly lower fluxes than the closed one (slope = 0.88 ± 0.05). A measurement procedure has been developed to minimize the effect of the other sources of perturbation. The spatial and seasonal evolution of the soil CO2 efflux was obtained by performing regular measurements on 29 spots in the beech patch over a period of 12 months and on 24 spots in the Douglas fir patch over 8 months. For each spot, the experimental relationship between Fs and soil temperature was compared with the fitted line for an Arrhenius relationship with a soil temperature‐dependent activation energy. Soil temperature explains 73% of the seasonal variation for all the data. The spatial average of the soil CO2 efflux at 10 °C (Fs10) in the beech patch is 2.57 ± 0.41 μmol m−2 s−1, approximately twice the average in the Douglas fir patch recorded at 1.42 ± 0.22 μmol m−2 s−1. The litter fall analysis seems to indicate that soil organic matter quality and quantity may be one the reasons for this difference. Finally the annual soil CO2 efflux was calculated for the beech and Douglas fir patches (870 ± 140 and 438 ± 68 gC m−2 y−1, respectively). The beech value would represent 92 ± 15% of the annual ecosystem respiration estimated from the eddy covariance measurements.</abstract><subject lang="en"><genre>keywords</genre><topic>closed chamber</topic><topic>pressure</topic><topic>seasonal evolution</topic><topic>soil CO2 efflux</topic><topic>soil respiration</topic><topic>spatial variability</topic></subject><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Global Change Biology</title></titleInfo><genre type="journal">journal</genre><identifier type="ISSN">1354-1013</identifier><identifier type="eISSN">1365-2486</identifier><identifier type="DOI">10.1111/(ISSN)1365-2486</identifier><identifier type="PublisherID">GCB</identifier><part><date>2000</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>6</number></detail><detail type="issue"><caption>no.</caption><number>8</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>907</start><end>917</end><total>11</total></extent></part></relatedItem><identifier type="istex">BC9EA76D74776FAD758E805419FB14B36F0F7B89</identifier><identifier type="DOI">10.1046/j.1365-2486.2000.00369.x</identifier><identifier type="ArticleID">GCB369</identifier><recordInfo><recordContentSource>WILEY</recordContentSource><recordOrigin>Blackwell Science Ltd</recordOrigin></recordInfo></mods></metadata><serie></serie></istex></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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