Forest categorization according to dry‐canopy evaporation rates in the growing season: comparison of the Priestley–Taylor coefficient values from various observation sites
Identifieur interne : 000F88 ( Istex/Corpus ); précédent : 000F87; suivant : 000F89Forest categorization according to dry‐canopy evaporation rates in the growing season: comparison of the Priestley–Taylor coefficient values from various observation sites
Auteurs : Hikaru KomatsuSource :
- Hydrological Processes [ 0885-6087 ] ; 2005-12-15.
English descriptors
- KwdEn :
Abstract
Summarizing observed dry‐canopy evaporation (hereafter, evaporation) data from earlier papers, we developed a scheme for forest categorization according to evaporation rates in the growing season. Evaporation rates were represented by the Priestley–Taylor coefficient α calculated for daytime. We examined relationships between forest properties (e.g. climatic regions, leaf types) and α values. We obtained α data for 67 forest sites from earlier papers. Based on these data, we found (i) a clear difference in α values between broad‐leaved and coniferous forests, (ii) a greater variation in α values between individual coniferous forests than between individual broad‐leaved forests, and (iii) a clear relationship between canopy height and α values for coniferous forests. These three results were supported by surface conductance data summarized from earlier papers. We concluded that forests should be primarily classified into broad‐leaved and coniferous forests, and that coniferous forests should be further classified according to canopy height. This classification scheme is applicable only to forests with projected leaf area index (LAI) ≥3·0. Regardless of this LAI limitation, this classification will be useful because many forests satisfy this LAI limitation. This paper shows valuable results in the following two respects. First, this paper explicitly shows the difference in evaporation rates between broad‐leaved and coniferous forests. Although this difference would have been implicitly recognized, this difference has not been shown based on adequate amounts of observed data. Second, it is shown that classifying coniferous forests according to canopy height is as important as classifying forests according to leaf type (broad‐leaved or coniferous). Although studies have recognized the effect of canopy height on evaporation rates, the significant effect of canopy height on evaporation rates, compared with the effects of other factors on evaporation rates, has not previously been shown. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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DOI: 10.1002/hyp.5987
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<record><TEI wicri:istexFullTextTei="biblStruct"><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Forest categorization according to dry‐canopy evaporation rates in the growing season: comparison of the Priestley–Taylor coefficient values from various observation sites</title><author><name sortKey="Komatsu, Hikaru" sort="Komatsu, Hikaru" uniqKey="Komatsu H" first="Hikaru" last="Komatsu">Hikaru Komatsu</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Research Institute for Humanity and Nature, Kyoto, Japan</mods:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Oki/Kanae Laboratory, Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan</mods:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Oki/Kanae Laboratory, Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, 4‐6‐1 Komaba, Meguro‐ku, Tokyo 153‐8505, Japan.===</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">ISTEX</idno><idno type="RBID">ISTEX:FFA5B34803B2CA2C55C0BD9EEE0D645A580EE243</idno><date when="2005" year="2005">2005</date><idno type="doi">10.1002/hyp.5987</idno><idno type="url">https://api.istex.fr/document/FFA5B34803B2CA2C55C0BD9EEE0D645A580EE243/fulltext/pdf</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Istex/Corpus">000F88</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Istex" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="ISTEX">000F88</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title level="a" type="main" xml:lang="en">Forest categorization according to dry‐canopy evaporation rates in the growing season: comparison of the Priestley–Taylor coefficient values from various observation sites</title><author><name sortKey="Komatsu, Hikaru" sort="Komatsu, Hikaru" uniqKey="Komatsu H" first="Hikaru" last="Komatsu">Hikaru Komatsu</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Research Institute for Humanity and Nature, Kyoto, Japan</mods:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Oki/Kanae Laboratory, Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan</mods:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Oki/Kanae Laboratory, Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, 4‐6‐1 Komaba, Meguro‐ku, Tokyo 153‐8505, Japan.===</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author></analytic><monogr></monogr><series><title level="j">Hydrological Processes</title><title level="j" type="sub">An International Journal</title><title level="j" type="abbrev">Hydrol. Process.</title><idno type="ISSN">0885-6087</idno><idno type="eISSN">1099-1085</idno><imprint><publisher>John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.</publisher><pubPlace>Chichester, UK</pubPlace><date type="published" when="2005-12-15">2005-12-15</date><biblScope unit="volume">19</biblScope><biblScope unit="issue">19</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" from="3873">3873</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" to="3896">3896</biblScope></imprint><idno type="ISSN">0885-6087</idno></series><idno type="istex">FFA5B34803B2CA2C55C0BD9EEE0D645A580EE243</idno><idno type="DOI">10.1002/hyp.5987</idno><idno type="ArticleID">HYP5987</idno></biblStruct></sourceDesc><seriesStmt><idno type="ISSN">0885-6087</idno></seriesStmt></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Priestley–Taylor coefficient</term><term>broad‐leaved forests</term><term>canopy height</term><term>coniferous forests</term><term>evaporation</term><term>evapotranspiration</term><term>leaf type</term><term>surface conductance</term></keywords></textClass><langUsage><language ident="en">en</language></langUsage></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">Summarizing observed dry‐canopy evaporation (hereafter, evaporation) data from earlier papers, we developed a scheme for forest categorization according to evaporation rates in the growing season. Evaporation rates were represented by the Priestley–Taylor coefficient α calculated for daytime. We examined relationships between forest properties (e.g. climatic regions, leaf types) and α values. We obtained α data for 67 forest sites from earlier papers. Based on these data, we found (i) a clear difference in α values between broad‐leaved and coniferous forests, (ii) a greater variation in α values between individual coniferous forests than between individual broad‐leaved forests, and (iii) a clear relationship between canopy height and α values for coniferous forests. These three results were supported by surface conductance data summarized from earlier papers. We concluded that forests should be primarily classified into broad‐leaved and coniferous forests, and that coniferous forests should be further classified according to canopy height. This classification scheme is applicable only to forests with projected leaf area index (LAI) ≥3·0. Regardless of this LAI limitation, this classification will be useful because many forests satisfy this LAI limitation. This paper shows valuable results in the following two respects. First, this paper explicitly shows the difference in evaporation rates between broad‐leaved and coniferous forests. Although this difference would have been implicitly recognized, this difference has not been shown based on adequate amounts of observed data. Second, it is shown that classifying coniferous forests according to canopy height is as important as classifying forests according to leaf type (broad‐leaved or coniferous). Although studies have recognized the effect of canopy height on evaporation rates, the significant effect of canopy height on evaporation rates, compared with the effects of other factors on evaporation rates, has not previously been shown. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.</div></front></TEI><istex><corpusName>wiley</corpusName><author><json:item><name>Hikaru Komatsu</name><affiliations><json:string>Research Institute for Humanity and Nature, Kyoto, Japan</json:string><json:string>Oki/Kanae Laboratory, Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan</json:string><json:string>Oki/Kanae Laboratory, Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, 4‐6‐1 Komaba, Meguro‐ku, Tokyo 153‐8505, Japan.===</json:string></affiliations></json:item></author><subject><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>broad‐leaved forests</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>canopy height</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>coniferous forests</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>evaporation</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>evapotranspiration</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>leaf type</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>Priestley–Taylor coefficient</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>surface conductance</value></json:item></subject><articleId><json:string>HYP5987</json:string></articleId><language><json:string>eng</json:string></language><originalGenre><json:string>article</json:string></originalGenre><abstract>Summarizing observed dry‐canopy evaporation (hereafter, evaporation) data from earlier papers, we developed a scheme for forest categorization according to evaporation rates in the growing season. Evaporation rates were represented by the Priestley–Taylor coefficient α calculated for daytime. We examined relationships between forest properties (e.g. climatic regions, leaf types) and α values. We obtained α data for 67 forest sites from earlier papers. Based on these data, we found (i) a clear difference in α values between broad‐leaved and coniferous forests, (ii) a greater variation in α values between individual coniferous forests than between individual broad‐leaved forests, and (iii) a clear relationship between canopy height and α values for coniferous forests. These three results were supported by surface conductance data summarized from earlier papers. We concluded that forests should be primarily classified into broad‐leaved and coniferous forests, and that coniferous forests should be further classified according to canopy height. This classification scheme is applicable only to forests with projected leaf area index (LAI) ≥3·0. Regardless of this LAI limitation, this classification will be useful because many forests satisfy this LAI limitation. This paper shows valuable results in the following two respects. First, this paper explicitly shows the difference in evaporation rates between broad‐leaved and coniferous forests. Although this difference would have been implicitly recognized, this difference has not been shown based on adequate amounts of observed data. Second, it is shown that classifying coniferous forests according to canopy height is as important as classifying forests according to leaf type (broad‐leaved or coniferous). Although studies have recognized the effect of canopy height on evaporation rates, the significant effect of canopy height on evaporation rates, compared with the effects of other factors on evaporation rates, has not previously been shown. 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forests</title></json:item></refBibs><genre><json:string>article</json:string></genre><host><volume>19</volume><publisherId><json:string>HYP</json:string></publisherId><pages><total>24</total><last>3896</last><first>3873</first></pages><issn><json:string>0885-6087</json:string></issn><issue>19</issue><author><json:item><name>J. H. Kim</name></json:item><json:item><name>Mikiyasu Nakayama</name></json:item><json:item><name>Yosuke Yamashiki</name></json:item></author><subject><json:item><value>Research Article</value></json:item></subject><genre><json:string>journal</json:string></genre><language><json:string>unknown</json:string></language><eissn><json:string>1099-1085</json:string></eissn><title>Hydrological Processes</title><doi><json:string>10.1002/(ISSN)1099-1085</json:string></doi></host><categories><wos><json:string>science</json:string><json:string>water resources</json:string></wos><scienceMetrix><json:string>applied sciences</json:string><json:string>engineering</json:string><json:string>environmental engineering</json:string></scienceMetrix></categories><publicationDate>2005</publicationDate><copyrightDate>2005</copyrightDate><doi><json:string>10.1002/hyp.5987</json:string></doi><id>FFA5B34803B2CA2C55C0BD9EEE0D645A580EE243</id><score>1</score><fulltext><json:item><extension>pdf</extension><original>true</original><mimetype>application/pdf</mimetype><uri>https://api.istex.fr/document/FFA5B34803B2CA2C55C0BD9EEE0D645A580EE243/fulltext/pdf</uri></json:item><json:item><extension>zip</extension><original>false</original><mimetype>application/zip</mimetype><uri>https://api.istex.fr/document/FFA5B34803B2CA2C55C0BD9EEE0D645A580EE243/fulltext/zip</uri></json:item><istex:fulltextTEI uri="https://api.istex.fr/document/FFA5B34803B2CA2C55C0BD9EEE0D645A580EE243/fulltext/tei"><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title level="a" type="main" xml:lang="en">Forest categorization according to dry‐canopy evaporation rates in the growing season: comparison of the Priestley–Taylor coefficient values from various observation sites</title></titleStmt><publicationStmt><authority>ISTEX</authority><publisher>John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.</publisher><pubPlace>Chichester, UK</pubPlace><availability><p>Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.</p></availability><date>2005</date></publicationStmt><notesStmt><note>Research Institute for Humanity and Nature</note><note>Japan Society for the Promotion of Science for Young Scientists - No. 16·6152;</note></notesStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct type="inbook"><analytic><title level="a" type="main" xml:lang="en">Forest categorization according to dry‐canopy evaporation rates in the growing season: comparison of the Priestley–Taylor coefficient values from various observation sites</title><author xml:id="author-1"><persName><forename type="first">Hikaru</forename><surname>Komatsu</surname></persName><affiliation>Research Institute for Humanity and Nature, Kyoto, Japan</affiliation><affiliation>Oki/Kanae Laboratory, Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan</affiliation><affiliation>Oki/Kanae Laboratory, Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, 4‐6‐1 Komaba, Meguro‐ku, Tokyo 153‐8505, Japan.===</affiliation></author></analytic><monogr><title level="j">Hydrological Processes</title><title level="j" type="sub">An International Journal</title><title level="j" type="abbrev">Hydrol. Process.</title><idno type="pISSN">0885-6087</idno><idno type="eISSN">1099-1085</idno><idno type="DOI">10.1002/(ISSN)1099-1085</idno><imprint><publisher>John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.</publisher><pubPlace>Chichester, UK</pubPlace><date type="published" when="2005-12-15"></date><biblScope unit="volume">19</biblScope><biblScope unit="issue">19</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" from="3873">3873</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" to="3896">3896</biblScope></imprint></monogr><idno type="istex">FFA5B34803B2CA2C55C0BD9EEE0D645A580EE243</idno><idno type="DOI">10.1002/hyp.5987</idno><idno type="ArticleID">HYP5987</idno></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><creation><date>2005</date></creation><langUsage><language ident="en">en</language></langUsage><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Summarizing observed dry‐canopy evaporation (hereafter, evaporation) data from earlier papers, we developed a scheme for forest categorization according to evaporation rates in the growing season. Evaporation rates were represented by the Priestley–Taylor coefficient α calculated for daytime. We examined relationships between forest properties (e.g. climatic regions, leaf types) and α values. We obtained α data for 67 forest sites from earlier papers. Based on these data, we found (i) a clear difference in α values between broad‐leaved and coniferous forests, (ii) a greater variation in α values between individual coniferous forests than between individual broad‐leaved forests, and (iii) a clear relationship between canopy height and α values for coniferous forests. These three results were supported by surface conductance data summarized from earlier papers. We concluded that forests should be primarily classified into broad‐leaved and coniferous forests, and that coniferous forests should be further classified according to canopy height. This classification scheme is applicable only to forests with projected leaf area index (LAI) ≥3·0. Regardless of this LAI limitation, this classification will be useful because many forests satisfy this LAI limitation. This paper shows valuable results in the following two respects. First, this paper explicitly shows the difference in evaporation rates between broad‐leaved and coniferous forests. Although this difference would have been implicitly recognized, this difference has not been shown based on adequate amounts of observed data. Second, it is shown that classifying coniferous forests according to canopy height is as important as classifying forests according to leaf type (broad‐leaved or coniferous). Although studies have recognized the effect of canopy height on evaporation rates, the significant effect of canopy height on evaporation rates, compared with the effects of other factors on evaporation rates, has not previously been shown. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.</p></abstract><textClass xml:lang="en"><keywords scheme="keyword"><list><head>keywords</head><item><term>broad‐leaved forests</term></item><item><term>canopy height</term></item><item><term>coniferous forests</term></item><item><term>evaporation</term></item><item><term>evapotranspiration</term></item><item><term>leaf type</term></item><item><term>Priestley–Taylor coefficient</term></item><item><term>surface conductance</term></item></list></keywords></textClass><textClass><keywords scheme="Journal Subject"><list><head>article-category</head><item><term>Research Article</term></item></list></keywords></textClass></profileDesc><revisionDesc><change when="2004-02-12">Received</change><change when="2005-06-22">Registration</change><change when="2005-12-15">Published</change></revisionDesc></teiHeader></istex:fulltextTEI><json:item><extension>txt</extension><original>false</original><mimetype>text/plain</mimetype><uri>https://api.istex.fr/document/FFA5B34803B2CA2C55C0BD9EEE0D645A580EE243/fulltext/txt</uri></json:item></fulltext><metadata><istex:metadataXml wicri:clean="Wiley, elements deleted: body"><istex:xmlDeclaration>version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="yes"</istex:xmlDeclaration><istex:document><component version="2.0" type="serialArticle" xml:lang="en"><header><publicationMeta level="product"><publisherInfo><publisherName>John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.</publisherName><publisherLoc>Chichester, UK</publisherLoc></publisherInfo><doi registered="yes">10.1002/(ISSN)1099-1085</doi><issn type="print">0885-6087</issn><issn type="electronic">1099-1085</issn><idGroup><id type="product" value="HYP"></id></idGroup><titleGroup><title type="main" xml:lang="en" sort="HYDROLOGICAL PROCESSES">Hydrological Processes</title><title type="subtitle">An International Journal</title><title type="short">Hydrol. Process.</title></titleGroup></publicationMeta><publicationMeta level="part" position="190"><doi origin="wiley" registered="yes">10.1002/hyp.v19:19</doi><titleGroup><title type="specialIssueTitle">Korea Water Resource Association and Japan Society of Hydrology and Water Resource</title></titleGroup><numberingGroup><numbering type="journalVolume" number="19">19</numbering><numbering type="journalIssue">19</numbering></numberingGroup><creators><creator xml:id="sped1" creatorRole="sponsoringEditor"><personName><givenNames>J. H.</givenNames><familyName>Kim</familyName></personName></creator><creator xml:id="sped2" creatorRole="sponsoringEditor"><personName><givenNames>Mikiyasu</givenNames><familyName>Nakayama</familyName></personName></creator><creator xml:id="sped3" creatorRole="sponsoringEditor"><personName><givenNames>Yosuke</givenNames><familyName>Yamashiki</familyName></personName></creator></creators><coverDate startDate="2005-12-15">15 December 2005</coverDate></publicationMeta><publicationMeta level="unit" type="article" position="7" status="forIssue"><doi origin="wiley" registered="yes">10.1002/hyp.5987</doi><idGroup><id type="unit" value="HYP5987"></id></idGroup><countGroup><count type="pageTotal" number="24"></count></countGroup><titleGroup><title type="articleCategory">Research Article</title><title type="tocHeading1">Research Articles</title></titleGroup><copyright ownership="publisher">Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.</copyright><eventGroup><event type="manuscriptReceived" date="2004-02-12"></event><event type="manuscriptAccepted" date="2005-06-22"></event><event type="firstOnline" date="2005-11-29"></event><event type="publishedOnlineFinalForm" date="2005-11-29"></event><event type="xmlConverted" agent="Converter:JWSART34_TO_WML3G version:2.3.2 mode:FullText source:HeaderRef result:HeaderRef" date="2010-03-06"></event><event type="xmlConverted" agent="Converter:WILEY_ML3G_TO_WILEY_ML3GV2 version:4.0.1" date="2014-03-12"></event><event type="xmlConverted" agent="Converter:WML3G_To_WML3G version:4.1.7 mode:FullText,remove_FC" date="2014-10-23"></event></eventGroup><numberingGroup><numbering type="pageFirst">3873</numbering><numbering type="pageLast">3896</numbering></numberingGroup><correspondenceTo>Oki/Kanae Laboratory, Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, 4‐6‐1 Komaba, Meguro‐ku, Tokyo 153‐8505, Japan.===</correspondenceTo><linkGroup><link type="toTypesetVersion" href="file:HYP.HYP5987.pdf"></link></linkGroup></publicationMeta><contentMeta><countGroup><count type="figureTotal" number="6"></count><count type="tableTotal" number="4"></count><count type="referenceTotal" number="223"></count></countGroup><titleGroup><title type="main" xml:lang="en">Forest categorization according to dry‐canopy evaporation rates in the growing season: comparison of the Priestley–Taylor coefficient values from various observation sites</title><title type="short" xml:lang="en">FOREST CATEGORIZATION BY EVAPORATION RATES</title></titleGroup><creators><creator xml:id="au1" creatorRole="author" affiliationRef="#af1 #af2" corresponding="yes"><personName><givenNames>Hikaru</givenNames><familyName>Komatsu</familyName></personName><contactDetails><email normalForm="komatsu@rainbow.iis.u-tokyo.ac.jp">komatsu@rainbow.iis.u‐tokyo.ac.jp</email></contactDetails></creator></creators><affiliationGroup><affiliation xml:id="af1" countryCode="JP" type="organization"><unparsedAffiliation>Research Institute for Humanity and Nature, Kyoto, Japan</unparsedAffiliation></affiliation><affiliation xml:id="af2" countryCode="JP" type="organization"><unparsedAffiliation>Oki/Kanae Laboratory, Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan</unparsedAffiliation></affiliation></affiliationGroup><keywordGroup xml:lang="en" type="author"><keyword xml:id="kwd1">broad‐leaved forests</keyword><keyword xml:id="kwd2">canopy height</keyword><keyword xml:id="kwd3">coniferous forests</keyword><keyword xml:id="kwd4">evaporation</keyword><keyword xml:id="kwd5">evapotranspiration</keyword><keyword xml:id="kwd6">leaf type</keyword><keyword xml:id="kwd7">Priestley–Taylor coefficient</keyword><keyword xml:id="kwd8">surface conductance</keyword></keywordGroup><fundingInfo><fundingAgency>Research Institute for Humanity and Nature</fundingAgency></fundingInfo><fundingInfo><fundingAgency>Japan Society for the Promotion of Science for Young Scientists</fundingAgency><fundingNumber>16·6152</fundingNumber></fundingInfo><abstractGroup><abstract type="main" xml:lang="en"><title type="main">Abstract</title><p>Summarizing observed dry‐canopy evaporation (hereafter, evaporation) data from earlier papers, we developed a scheme for forest categorization according to evaporation rates in the growing season. Evaporation rates were represented by the Priestley–Taylor coefficient α calculated for daytime. We examined relationships between forest properties (e.g. climatic regions, leaf types) and α values. We obtained α data for 67 forest sites from earlier papers. Based on these data, we found (i) a clear difference in α values between broad‐leaved and coniferous forests, (ii) a greater variation in α values between individual coniferous forests than between individual broad‐leaved forests, and (iii) a clear relationship between canopy height and α values for coniferous forests. These three results were supported by surface conductance data summarized from earlier papers. We concluded that forests should be primarily classified into broad‐leaved and coniferous forests, and that coniferous forests should be further classified according to canopy height. This classification scheme is applicable only to forests with projected leaf area index (LAI) ≥3·0. Regardless of this LAI limitation, this classification will be useful because many forests satisfy this LAI limitation.</p><p>This paper shows valuable results in the following two respects. First, this paper explicitly shows the difference in evaporation rates between broad‐leaved and coniferous forests. Although this difference would have been implicitly recognized, this difference has not been shown based on adequate amounts of observed data. Second, it is shown that classifying coniferous forests according to canopy height is as important as classifying forests according to leaf type (broad‐leaved or coniferous). Although studies have recognized the effect of canopy height on evaporation rates, the significant effect of canopy height on evaporation rates, compared with the effects of other factors on evaporation rates, has not previously been shown. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.</p></abstract></abstractGroup></contentMeta></header></component></istex:document></istex:metadataXml><mods version="3.6"><titleInfo lang="en"><title>Forest categorization according to dry‐canopy evaporation rates in the growing season: comparison of the Priestley–Taylor coefficient values from various observation sites</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="abbreviated" lang="en"><title>FOREST CATEGORIZATION BY EVAPORATION RATES</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="alternative" contentType="CDATA" lang="en"><title>Forest categorization according to dry‐canopy evaporation rates in the growing season: comparison of the Priestley–Taylor coefficient values from various observation sites</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Hikaru</namePart><namePart type="family">Komatsu</namePart><affiliation>Research Institute for Humanity and Nature, Kyoto, Japan</affiliation><affiliation>Oki/Kanae Laboratory, Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan</affiliation><affiliation>Oki/Kanae Laboratory, Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, 4‐6‐1 Komaba, Meguro‐ku, Tokyo 153‐8505, Japan.===</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><typeOfResource>text</typeOfResource><genre type="article" displayLabel="article"></genre><originInfo><publisher>John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.</publisher><place><placeTerm type="text">Chichester, UK</placeTerm></place><dateIssued encoding="w3cdtf">2005-12-15</dateIssued><dateCaptured encoding="w3cdtf">2004-02-12</dateCaptured><dateValid encoding="w3cdtf">2005-06-22</dateValid><copyrightDate encoding="w3cdtf">2005</copyrightDate></originInfo><language><languageTerm type="code" authority="rfc3066">en</languageTerm><languageTerm type="code" authority="iso639-2b">eng</languageTerm></language><physicalDescription><internetMediaType>text/html</internetMediaType><extent unit="figures">6</extent><extent unit="tables">4</extent><extent unit="references">223</extent></physicalDescription><abstract lang="en">Summarizing observed dry‐canopy evaporation (hereafter, evaporation) data from earlier papers, we developed a scheme for forest categorization according to evaporation rates in the growing season. Evaporation rates were represented by the Priestley–Taylor coefficient α calculated for daytime. We examined relationships between forest properties (e.g. climatic regions, leaf types) and α values. We obtained α data for 67 forest sites from earlier papers. Based on these data, we found (i) a clear difference in α values between broad‐leaved and coniferous forests, (ii) a greater variation in α values between individual coniferous forests than between individual broad‐leaved forests, and (iii) a clear relationship between canopy height and α values for coniferous forests. These three results were supported by surface conductance data summarized from earlier papers. We concluded that forests should be primarily classified into broad‐leaved and coniferous forests, and that coniferous forests should be further classified according to canopy height. This classification scheme is applicable only to forests with projected leaf area index (LAI) ≥3·0. Regardless of this LAI limitation, this classification will be useful because many forests satisfy this LAI limitation. This paper shows valuable results in the following two respects. First, this paper explicitly shows the difference in evaporation rates between broad‐leaved and coniferous forests. Although this difference would have been implicitly recognized, this difference has not been shown based on adequate amounts of observed data. Second, it is shown that classifying coniferous forests according to canopy height is as important as classifying forests according to leaf type (broad‐leaved or coniferous). Although studies have recognized the effect of canopy height on evaporation rates, the significant effect of canopy height on evaporation rates, compared with the effects of other factors on evaporation rates, has not previously been shown. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.</abstract><note type="funding">Research Institute for Humanity and Nature</note><note type="funding">Japan Society for the Promotion of Science for Young Scientists - No. 16·6152; </note><subject lang="en"><genre>keywords</genre><topic>broad‐leaved forests</topic><topic>canopy height</topic><topic>coniferous forests</topic><topic>evaporation</topic><topic>evapotranspiration</topic><topic>leaf type</topic><topic>Priestley–Taylor coefficient</topic><topic>surface conductance</topic></subject><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Hydrological Processes</title><subTitle>An International Journal</subTitle></titleInfo><titleInfo type="abbreviated"><title>Hydrol. Process.</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">J. H.</namePart><namePart type="family">Kim</namePart></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Mikiyasu</namePart><namePart type="family">Nakayama</namePart></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Yosuke</namePart><namePart type="family">Yamashiki</namePart></name><genre type="journal">journal</genre><subject><genre>article-category</genre><topic>Research Article</topic></subject><identifier type="ISSN">0885-6087</identifier><identifier type="eISSN">1099-1085</identifier><identifier type="DOI">10.1002/(ISSN)1099-1085</identifier><identifier type="PublisherID">HYP</identifier><part><date>2005</date><detail type="title"><title>Korea Water Resource Association and Japan Society of Hydrology and Water Resource</title></detail><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>19</number></detail><detail type="issue"><caption>no.</caption><number>19</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>3873</start><end>3896</end><total>24</total></extent></part></relatedItem><identifier type="istex">FFA5B34803B2CA2C55C0BD9EEE0D645A580EE243</identifier><identifier type="DOI">10.1002/hyp.5987</identifier><identifier type="ArticleID">HYP5987</identifier><accessCondition type="use and reproduction" contentType="copyright">Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.</accessCondition><recordInfo><recordContentSource>WILEY</recordContentSource><recordOrigin>John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.</recordOrigin></recordInfo></mods></metadata><serie></serie></istex></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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