Pan‐European δ13C values of air and organic matter from forest ecosystems
Identifieur interne : 000B88 ( Istex/Corpus ); précédent : 000B87; suivant : 000B89Pan‐European δ13C values of air and organic matter from forest ecosystems
Auteurs : Deborah Hemming ; Dan Yakir ; Per Ambus ; Mika Aurela ; Cathy Besson ; Kevin Black ; Nina Buchmann ; Regis Burlett ; Alessandro Cescatti ; Robert Clement ; Patrick Gross ; André Granier ; Thomas Grünwald ; Katarina Havrankova ; Dalibor Janous ; Ivan A. Janssens ; Alexander Knohl ; Barbara K. Östner ; Andrew Kowalski ; Tuomas Laurila ; Catarina Mata ; Barbara Marcolla ; Giorgio Matteucci ; John Moncrieff ; Eddy J. Moors ; Bruce Osborne ; João Santos Pereira ; Mari Pihlatie ; Kim Pilegaard ; Francesca Ponti ; Zuzana Rosova ; Federica Rossi ; Andrea Scartazza ; Timo VesalaSource :
- Global Change Biology [ 1354-1013 ] ; 2005-07.
English descriptors
- KwdEn :
Abstract
We present carbon stable isotope, δ13C, results from air and organic matter samples collected during 98 individual field campaigns across a network of Carboeuroflux forest sites in 2001 (14 sites) and 2002 (16 sites). Using these data, we tested the hypothesis that δ13C values derived from large‐scale atmospheric measurements and models, which are routinely used to partition carbon fluxes between land and ocean, and potentially between respiration and photosynthesis on land, are consistent with directly measured ecosystem‐scale δ13C values. In this framework, we also tested the potential of δ13C in canopy air and plant organic matter to record regional‐scale ecophysiological patterns. Our network estimates for the mean δ13C of ecosystem respired CO2 and the related ‘discrimination’ of ecosystem respiration, δer and Δer, respectively, were −25.6±1.9‰ and 17.8 ±2.0‰ in 2001 and −26.6±1.5‰ and 19.0±1.6‰ in 2002. The results were in close agreement with δ13C values derived from regional‐scale atmospheric measurement programs for 2001, but less so in 2002, which had an unusual precipitation pattern. This suggests that regional‐scale atmospheric sampling programs generally capture ecosystem δ13C signals over Europe, but may be limited in capturing some of the interannual variations. In 2001, but less so in 2002, there were discernable longitudinal and seasonal trends in δer. From west to east, across the network, there was a general enrichment in 13C (∼3‰ and ∼1‰ for the 2 years, respectively) consistent with increasing Gorczynski continentality index for warmer and drier conditions. In 2001 only, seasonal 13C enrichment between July and September, followed by depletion in November (from about −26.0‰ to −24.5‰ to −30.0‰), was also observed. In 2001, July and August δer values across the network were significantly related to average daytime vapor pressure deficit (VPD), relative humidity (RH), and, to a lesser degree, air temperature (Ta), but not significantly with monthly average precipitation (Pm). In contrast, in 2002 (a much wetter peak season), δer was significantly related with Ta, but not significantly with VPD and RH. The important role of plant physiological processes on δer in 2001 was emphasized by a relatively rapid turnover (between 1 and 6 days) of assimilated carbon inferred from time‐lag analyses of δer vs. meteorological parameters. However, this was not evident in 2002. These analyses also noted corresponding diurnal cycles of δer and meteorological parameters in 2001, indicating a rapid transmission of daytime meteorology, via physiological responses, to the δer signal during this season. Organic matter δ13C results showed progressive 13C enrichment from leaves, through stems and roots to soil organic matter, which may be explained by 13C fractionation during respiration. This enrichment was species dependent and was prominent in angiosperms but not in gymnosperms. δ13C values of organic matter of any of the plant components did not well represent short‐term δer values during the seasonal cycle, and could not be used to partition ecosystem respiration into autotrophic and heterotrophic components.
Url:
DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2005.00971.x
Links to Exploration step
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<author><name sortKey="Hemming, Deborah" sort="Hemming, Deborah" uniqKey="Hemming D" first="Deborah" last="Hemming">Deborah Hemming</name>
<affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Environmental Sciences and Energy Research, Weizmann Institute of Science, 76100 Rehovot, Israel,</mods:affiliation>
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<author><name sortKey="Yakir, Dan" sort="Yakir, Dan" uniqKey="Yakir D" first="Dan" last="Yakir">Dan Yakir</name>
<affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Environmental Sciences and Energy Research, Weizmann Institute of Science, 76100 Rehovot, Israel,</mods:affiliation>
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<author><name sortKey="Ambus, Per" sort="Ambus, Per" uniqKey="Ambus P" first="Per" last="Ambus">Per Ambus</name>
<affiliation><mods:affiliation>Plant Research Department, RisNational Laboratory, Frederiksborgvej 399, PO Box 49, DK‐4000 Roskilde, Denmark,</mods:affiliation>
</affiliation>
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<author><name sortKey="Aurela, Mika" sort="Aurela, Mika" uniqKey="Aurela M" first="Mika" last="Aurela">Mika Aurela</name>
<affiliation><mods:affiliation>Finnish Meteorological Institute, Climate and Global Change Research, Sahaajankatu 20 E, FIN‐00880 Helsinki, Finland,</mods:affiliation>
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<author><name sortKey="Besson, Cathy" sort="Besson, Cathy" uniqKey="Besson C" first="Cathy" last="Besson">Cathy Besson</name>
<affiliation><mods:affiliation>Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349‐017 Lisboa, Portugal,</mods:affiliation>
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<author><name sortKey="Black, Kevin" sort="Black, Kevin" uniqKey="Black K" first="Kevin" last="Black">Kevin Black</name>
<affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Botany, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland,</mods:affiliation>
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<author><name sortKey="Buchmann, Nina" sort="Buchmann, Nina" uniqKey="Buchmann N" first="Nina" last="Buchmann">Nina Buchmann</name>
<affiliation><mods:affiliation>Max Plank Institute for Biochemistry, PO Box 100164, 07701 Jena, Germany,</mods:affiliation>
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<affiliation><mods:affiliation>Institute of Plant Sciences, Universitätsstrasse 2, ETH Zentrum LFW C56, CH‐8092 Zuerich, Switzerland,</mods:affiliation>
</affiliation>
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<author><name sortKey="Burlett, Regis" sort="Burlett, Regis" uniqKey="Burlett R" first="Regis" last="Burlett">Regis Burlett</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Cescatti, Alessandro" sort="Cescatti, Alessandro" uniqKey="Cescatti A" first="Alessandro" last="Cescatti">Alessandro Cescatti</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Clement, Robert" sort="Clement, Robert" uniqKey="Clement R" first="Robert" last="Clement">Robert Clement</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Gross, Patrick" sort="Gross, Patrick" uniqKey="Gross P" first="Patrick" last="Gross">Patrick Gross</name>
<affiliation><mods:affiliation>UMR INRA‐UHP Ecologie et Ecophysiologie Forestières, F54280 Champenoux, France,</mods:affiliation>
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<author><name sortKey="Granier, Andre" sort="Granier, Andre" uniqKey="Granier A" first="André" last="Granier">André Granier</name>
<affiliation><mods:affiliation>UMR INRA‐UHP Ecologie et Ecophysiologie Forestières, F54280 Champenoux, France,</mods:affiliation>
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<author><name sortKey="Grunwald, Thomas" sort="Grunwald, Thomas" uniqKey="Grunwald T" first="Thomas" last="Grünwald">Thomas Grünwald</name>
<affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Meteorology, Institute of Hydrology and Meteorology, TU Dresden, D‐01062 Dresden, Germany,</mods:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Havrankova, Katarina" sort="Havrankova, Katarina" uniqKey="Havrankova K" first="Katarina" last="Havrankova">Katarina Havrankova</name>
<affiliation><mods:affiliation>Institute of Landscape Ecology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech. Republic, Porici 3B, Brno 603 00, Czech Republic,</mods:affiliation>
</affiliation>
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<author><name sortKey="Janous, Dalibor" sort="Janous, Dalibor" uniqKey="Janous D" first="Dalibor" last="Janous">Dalibor Janous</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Janssens, Ivan A" sort="Janssens, Ivan A" uniqKey="Janssens I" first="Ivan A." last="Janssens">Ivan A. Janssens</name>
<affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Biology, Universiteitsplein 1, B‐2610. Antwerp, Belgium,</mods:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Knohl, Alexander" sort="Knohl, Alexander" uniqKey="Knohl A" first="Alexander" last="Knohl">Alexander Knohl</name>
<affiliation><mods:affiliation>Max Plank Institute for Biochemistry, PO Box 100164, 07701 Jena, Germany,</mods:affiliation>
</affiliation>
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<author><name sortKey="Ostner, Barbara K" sort="Ostner, Barbara K" uniqKey="Ostner B" first="Barbara K" last="Östner">Barbara K. Östner</name>
<affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Meteorology, Institute of Hydrology and Meteorology, TU Dresden, D‐01062 Dresden, Germany,</mods:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kowalski, Andrew" sort="Kowalski, Andrew" uniqKey="Kowalski A" first="Andrew" last="Kowalski">Andrew Kowalski</name>
<affiliation><mods:affiliation>INRA Bordeaux, 33610 Gazinet‐Cestas, France,</mods:affiliation>
</affiliation>
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<author><name sortKey="Laurila, Tuomas" sort="Laurila, Tuomas" uniqKey="Laurila T" first="Tuomas" last="Laurila">Tuomas Laurila</name>
<affiliation><mods:affiliation>Finnish Meteorological Institute, Climate and Global Change Research, Sahaajankatu 20 E, FIN‐00880 Helsinki, Finland,</mods:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Mata, Catarina" sort="Mata, Catarina" uniqKey="Mata C" first="Catarina" last="Mata">Catarina Mata</name>
<affiliation><mods:affiliation>CNR, Istituto di Biologia Agroambientale e Forestale, 05010 Porano (TR), Italy,</mods:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Marcolla, Barbara" sort="Marcolla, Barbara" uniqKey="Marcolla B" first="Barbara" last="Marcolla">Barbara Marcolla</name>
<affiliation><mods:affiliation>Centro di Ecologia Alpina, Viote del Monte Bondone, 38040 Trento, Italy,</mods:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Matteucci, Giorgio" sort="Matteucci, Giorgio" uniqKey="Matteucci G" first="Giorgio" last="Matteucci">Giorgio Matteucci</name>
<affiliation><mods:affiliation>Joint Research Centre, Institute for Environment and Sustainability – IES, Climate Change Unit, T.P. 051, 21020 Ispra (VA), Italy,</mods:affiliation>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Forest Environment and Resources (DISAFRI), University of Tuscia, Via San Camillo de Lellis snc, 01100 Viterbo, Italy,</mods:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Moncrieff, John" sort="Moncrieff, John" uniqKey="Moncrieff J" first="John" last="Moncrieff">John Moncrieff</name>
<affiliation><mods:affiliation>School of GeoSciences, University of Edinburgh, EH9 3JU Edinburgh, UK,</mods:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Moors, Eddy J" sort="Moors, Eddy J" uniqKey="Moors E" first="Eddy J." last="Moors">Eddy J. Moors</name>
<affiliation><mods:affiliation>Alterra, PO Box 47. 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands,</mods:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Osborne, Bruce" sort="Osborne, Bruce" uniqKey="Osborne B" first="Bruce" last="Osborne">Bruce Osborne</name>
<affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Botany, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland,</mods:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Pereira, Joao Santos" sort="Pereira, Joao Santos" uniqKey="Pereira J" first="João Santos" last="Pereira">João Santos Pereira</name>
<affiliation><mods:affiliation>Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349‐017 Lisboa, Portugal,</mods:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Pihlatie, Mari" sort="Pihlatie, Mari" uniqKey="Pihlatie M" first="Mari" last="Pihlatie">Mari Pihlatie</name>
<affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Physical Sciences, University of Helsinki, P O Box 64, FIN‐00014.Helsinki, Finland,</mods:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Pilegaard, Kim" sort="Pilegaard, Kim" uniqKey="Pilegaard K" first="Kim" last="Pilegaard">Kim Pilegaard</name>
<affiliation><mods:affiliation>Plant Research Department, RisNational Laboratory, Frederiksborgvej 399, PO Box 49, DK‐4000 Roskilde, Denmark,</mods:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ponti, Francesca" sort="Ponti, Francesca" uniqKey="Ponti F" first="Francesca" last="Ponti">Francesca Ponti</name>
<affiliation><mods:affiliation>Dipartimento di Colture Arboree, Università di Bologna, Via Fanin 46, 40127 Bologna, Italy,</mods:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Rosova, Zuzana" sort="Rosova, Zuzana" uniqKey="Rosova Z" first="Zuzana" last="Rosova">Zuzana Rosova</name>
<affiliation><mods:affiliation>Institute of Landscape Ecology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech. Republic, Porici 3B, Brno 603 00, Czech Republic,</mods:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Rossi, Federica" sort="Rossi, Federica" uniqKey="Rossi F" first="Federica" last="Rossi">Federica Rossi</name>
<affiliation><mods:affiliation>Istituto di Biometeorologia, CNR, Via P.Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy</mods:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Scartazza, Andrea" sort="Scartazza, Andrea" uniqKey="Scartazza A" first="Andrea" last="Scartazza">Andrea Scartazza</name>
<affiliation><mods:affiliation>CNR, Istituto di Biologia Agroambientale e Forestale, 05010 Porano (TR), Italy,</mods:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Vesala, Timo" sort="Vesala, Timo" uniqKey="Vesala T" first="Timo" last="Vesala">Timo Vesala</name>
<affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Physical Sciences, University of Helsinki, P O Box 64, FIN‐00014.Helsinki, Finland,</mods:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
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<sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title level="a" type="main" xml:lang="en">Pan‐European δ13C values of air and organic matter from forest ecosystems</title>
<author><name sortKey="Hemming, Deborah" sort="Hemming, Deborah" uniqKey="Hemming D" first="Deborah" last="Hemming">Deborah Hemming</name>
<affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Environmental Sciences and Energy Research, Weizmann Institute of Science, 76100 Rehovot, Israel,</mods:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Yakir, Dan" sort="Yakir, Dan" uniqKey="Yakir D" first="Dan" last="Yakir">Dan Yakir</name>
<affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Environmental Sciences and Energy Research, Weizmann Institute of Science, 76100 Rehovot, Israel,</mods:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ambus, Per" sort="Ambus, Per" uniqKey="Ambus P" first="Per" last="Ambus">Per Ambus</name>
<affiliation><mods:affiliation>Plant Research Department, RisNational Laboratory, Frederiksborgvej 399, PO Box 49, DK‐4000 Roskilde, Denmark,</mods:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Aurela, Mika" sort="Aurela, Mika" uniqKey="Aurela M" first="Mika" last="Aurela">Mika Aurela</name>
<affiliation><mods:affiliation>Finnish Meteorological Institute, Climate and Global Change Research, Sahaajankatu 20 E, FIN‐00880 Helsinki, Finland,</mods:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Besson, Cathy" sort="Besson, Cathy" uniqKey="Besson C" first="Cathy" last="Besson">Cathy Besson</name>
<affiliation><mods:affiliation>Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349‐017 Lisboa, Portugal,</mods:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Black, Kevin" sort="Black, Kevin" uniqKey="Black K" first="Kevin" last="Black">Kevin Black</name>
<affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Botany, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland,</mods:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Buchmann, Nina" sort="Buchmann, Nina" uniqKey="Buchmann N" first="Nina" last="Buchmann">Nina Buchmann</name>
<affiliation><mods:affiliation>Max Plank Institute for Biochemistry, PO Box 100164, 07701 Jena, Germany,</mods:affiliation>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><mods:affiliation>Institute of Plant Sciences, Universitätsstrasse 2, ETH Zentrum LFW C56, CH‐8092 Zuerich, Switzerland,</mods:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Burlett, Regis" sort="Burlett, Regis" uniqKey="Burlett R" first="Regis" last="Burlett">Regis Burlett</name>
<affiliation><mods:affiliation>INRA Bordeaux, 33610 Gazinet‐Cestas, France,</mods:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Cescatti, Alessandro" sort="Cescatti, Alessandro" uniqKey="Cescatti A" first="Alessandro" last="Cescatti">Alessandro Cescatti</name>
<affiliation><mods:affiliation>Centro di Ecologia Alpina, Viote del Monte Bondone, 38040 Trento, Italy,</mods:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Clement, Robert" sort="Clement, Robert" uniqKey="Clement R" first="Robert" last="Clement">Robert Clement</name>
<affiliation><mods:affiliation>School of GeoSciences, University of Edinburgh, EH9 3JU Edinburgh, UK,</mods:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Gross, Patrick" sort="Gross, Patrick" uniqKey="Gross P" first="Patrick" last="Gross">Patrick Gross</name>
<affiliation><mods:affiliation>UMR INRA‐UHP Ecologie et Ecophysiologie Forestières, F54280 Champenoux, France,</mods:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Granier, Andre" sort="Granier, Andre" uniqKey="Granier A" first="André" last="Granier">André Granier</name>
<affiliation><mods:affiliation>UMR INRA‐UHP Ecologie et Ecophysiologie Forestières, F54280 Champenoux, France,</mods:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Grunwald, Thomas" sort="Grunwald, Thomas" uniqKey="Grunwald T" first="Thomas" last="Grünwald">Thomas Grünwald</name>
<affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Meteorology, Institute of Hydrology and Meteorology, TU Dresden, D‐01062 Dresden, Germany,</mods:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Havrankova, Katarina" sort="Havrankova, Katarina" uniqKey="Havrankova K" first="Katarina" last="Havrankova">Katarina Havrankova</name>
<affiliation><mods:affiliation>Institute of Landscape Ecology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech. Republic, Porici 3B, Brno 603 00, Czech Republic,</mods:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Janous, Dalibor" sort="Janous, Dalibor" uniqKey="Janous D" first="Dalibor" last="Janous">Dalibor Janous</name>
<affiliation><mods:affiliation>Institute of Landscape Ecology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech. Republic, Porici 3B, Brno 603 00, Czech Republic,</mods:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Janssens, Ivan A" sort="Janssens, Ivan A" uniqKey="Janssens I" first="Ivan A." last="Janssens">Ivan A. Janssens</name>
<affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Biology, Universiteitsplein 1, B‐2610. Antwerp, Belgium,</mods:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Knohl, Alexander" sort="Knohl, Alexander" uniqKey="Knohl A" first="Alexander" last="Knohl">Alexander Knohl</name>
<affiliation><mods:affiliation>Max Plank Institute for Biochemistry, PO Box 100164, 07701 Jena, Germany,</mods:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ostner, Barbara K" sort="Ostner, Barbara K" uniqKey="Ostner B" first="Barbara K" last="Östner">Barbara K. Östner</name>
<affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Meteorology, Institute of Hydrology and Meteorology, TU Dresden, D‐01062 Dresden, Germany,</mods:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kowalski, Andrew" sort="Kowalski, Andrew" uniqKey="Kowalski A" first="Andrew" last="Kowalski">Andrew Kowalski</name>
<affiliation><mods:affiliation>INRA Bordeaux, 33610 Gazinet‐Cestas, France,</mods:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Laurila, Tuomas" sort="Laurila, Tuomas" uniqKey="Laurila T" first="Tuomas" last="Laurila">Tuomas Laurila</name>
<affiliation><mods:affiliation>Finnish Meteorological Institute, Climate and Global Change Research, Sahaajankatu 20 E, FIN‐00880 Helsinki, Finland,</mods:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Mata, Catarina" sort="Mata, Catarina" uniqKey="Mata C" first="Catarina" last="Mata">Catarina Mata</name>
<affiliation><mods:affiliation>CNR, Istituto di Biologia Agroambientale e Forestale, 05010 Porano (TR), Italy,</mods:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Marcolla, Barbara" sort="Marcolla, Barbara" uniqKey="Marcolla B" first="Barbara" last="Marcolla">Barbara Marcolla</name>
<affiliation><mods:affiliation>Centro di Ecologia Alpina, Viote del Monte Bondone, 38040 Trento, Italy,</mods:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Matteucci, Giorgio" sort="Matteucci, Giorgio" uniqKey="Matteucci G" first="Giorgio" last="Matteucci">Giorgio Matteucci</name>
<affiliation><mods:affiliation>Joint Research Centre, Institute for Environment and Sustainability – IES, Climate Change Unit, T.P. 051, 21020 Ispra (VA), Italy,</mods:affiliation>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Forest Environment and Resources (DISAFRI), University of Tuscia, Via San Camillo de Lellis snc, 01100 Viterbo, Italy,</mods:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Moncrieff, John" sort="Moncrieff, John" uniqKey="Moncrieff J" first="John" last="Moncrieff">John Moncrieff</name>
<affiliation><mods:affiliation>School of GeoSciences, University of Edinburgh, EH9 3JU Edinburgh, UK,</mods:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Moors, Eddy J" sort="Moors, Eddy J" uniqKey="Moors E" first="Eddy J." last="Moors">Eddy J. Moors</name>
<affiliation><mods:affiliation>Alterra, PO Box 47. 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands,</mods:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Osborne, Bruce" sort="Osborne, Bruce" uniqKey="Osborne B" first="Bruce" last="Osborne">Bruce Osborne</name>
<affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Botany, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland,</mods:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Pereira, Joao Santos" sort="Pereira, Joao Santos" uniqKey="Pereira J" first="João Santos" last="Pereira">João Santos Pereira</name>
<affiliation><mods:affiliation>Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349‐017 Lisboa, Portugal,</mods:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Pihlatie, Mari" sort="Pihlatie, Mari" uniqKey="Pihlatie M" first="Mari" last="Pihlatie">Mari Pihlatie</name>
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<series><title level="j">Global Change Biology</title>
<idno type="ISSN">1354-1013</idno>
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<term>carboeuroflux</term>
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<term>isotopic discrimination</term>
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<front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">We present carbon stable isotope, δ13C, results from air and organic matter samples collected during 98 individual field campaigns across a network of Carboeuroflux forest sites in 2001 (14 sites) and 2002 (16 sites). Using these data, we tested the hypothesis that δ13C values derived from large‐scale atmospheric measurements and models, which are routinely used to partition carbon fluxes between land and ocean, and potentially between respiration and photosynthesis on land, are consistent with directly measured ecosystem‐scale δ13C values. In this framework, we also tested the potential of δ13C in canopy air and plant organic matter to record regional‐scale ecophysiological patterns. Our network estimates for the mean δ13C of ecosystem respired CO2 and the related ‘discrimination’ of ecosystem respiration, δer and Δer, respectively, were −25.6±1.9‰ and 17.8 ±2.0‰ in 2001 and −26.6±1.5‰ and 19.0±1.6‰ in 2002. The results were in close agreement with δ13C values derived from regional‐scale atmospheric measurement programs for 2001, but less so in 2002, which had an unusual precipitation pattern. This suggests that regional‐scale atmospheric sampling programs generally capture ecosystem δ13C signals over Europe, but may be limited in capturing some of the interannual variations. In 2001, but less so in 2002, there were discernable longitudinal and seasonal trends in δer. From west to east, across the network, there was a general enrichment in 13C (∼3‰ and ∼1‰ for the 2 years, respectively) consistent with increasing Gorczynski continentality index for warmer and drier conditions. In 2001 only, seasonal 13C enrichment between July and September, followed by depletion in November (from about −26.0‰ to −24.5‰ to −30.0‰), was also observed. In 2001, July and August δer values across the network were significantly related to average daytime vapor pressure deficit (VPD), relative humidity (RH), and, to a lesser degree, air temperature (Ta), but not significantly with monthly average precipitation (Pm). In contrast, in 2002 (a much wetter peak season), δer was significantly related with Ta, but not significantly with VPD and RH. The important role of plant physiological processes on δer in 2001 was emphasized by a relatively rapid turnover (between 1 and 6 days) of assimilated carbon inferred from time‐lag analyses of δer vs. meteorological parameters. However, this was not evident in 2002. These analyses also noted corresponding diurnal cycles of δer and meteorological parameters in 2001, indicating a rapid transmission of daytime meteorology, via physiological responses, to the δer signal during this season. Organic matter δ13C results showed progressive 13C enrichment from leaves, through stems and roots to soil organic matter, which may be explained by 13C fractionation during respiration. This enrichment was species dependent and was prominent in angiosperms but not in gymnosperms. δ13C values of organic matter of any of the plant components did not well represent short‐term δer values during the seasonal cycle, and could not be used to partition ecosystem respiration into autotrophic and heterotrophic components.</div>
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<abstract>We present carbon stable isotope, δ13C, results from air and organic matter samples collected during 98 individual field campaigns across a network of Carboeuroflux forest sites in 2001 (14 sites) and 2002 (16 sites). Using these data, we tested the hypothesis that δ13C values derived from large‐scale atmospheric measurements and models, which are routinely used to partition carbon fluxes between land and ocean, and potentially between respiration and photosynthesis on land, are consistent with directly measured ecosystem‐scale δ13C values. In this framework, we also tested the potential of δ13C in canopy air and plant organic matter to record regional‐scale ecophysiological patterns. Our network estimates for the mean δ13C of ecosystem respired CO2 and the related ‘discrimination’ of ecosystem respiration, δer and Δer, respectively, were −25.6±1.9‰ and 17.8 ±2.0‰ in 2001 and −26.6±1.5‰ and 19.0±1.6‰ in 2002. The results were in close agreement with δ13C values derived from regional‐scale atmospheric measurement programs for 2001, but less so in 2002, which had an unusual precipitation pattern. This suggests that regional‐scale atmospheric sampling programs generally capture ecosystem δ13C signals over Europe, but may be limited in capturing some of the interannual variations. In 2001, but less so in 2002, there were discernable longitudinal and seasonal trends in δer. From west to east, across the network, there was a general enrichment in 13C (∼3‰ and ∼1‰ for the 2 years, respectively) consistent with increasing Gorczynski continentality index for warmer and drier conditions. In 2001 only, seasonal 13C enrichment between July and September, followed by depletion in November (from about −26.0‰ to −24.5‰ to −30.0‰), was also observed. In 2001, July and August δer values across the network were significantly related to average daytime vapor pressure deficit (VPD), relative humidity (RH), and, to a lesser degree, air temperature (Ta), but not significantly with monthly average precipitation (Pm). In contrast, in 2002 (a much wetter peak season), δer was significantly related with Ta, but not significantly with VPD and RH. The important role of plant physiological processes on δer in 2001 was emphasized by a relatively rapid turnover (between 1 and 6 days) of assimilated carbon inferred from time‐lag analyses of δer vs. meteorological parameters. However, this was not evident in 2002. These analyses also noted corresponding diurnal cycles of δer and meteorological parameters in 2001, indicating a rapid transmission of daytime meteorology, via physiological responses, to the δer signal during this season. Organic matter δ13C results showed progressive 13C enrichment from leaves, through stems and roots to soil organic matter, which may be explained by 13C fractionation during respiration. This enrichment was species dependent and was prominent in angiosperms but not in gymnosperms. δ13C values of organic matter of any of the plant components did not well represent short‐term δer values during the seasonal cycle, and could not be used to partition ecosystem respiration into autotrophic and heterotrophic components.</abstract>
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<author xml:id="author-20"><persName><forename type="first">Tuomas</forename>
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<affiliation>Finnish Meteorological Institute, Climate and Global Change Research, Sahaajankatu 20 E, FIN‐00880 Helsinki, Finland,</affiliation>
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<affiliation>Centro di Ecologia Alpina, Viote del Monte Bondone, 38040 Trento, Italy,</affiliation>
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<affiliation>Department of Forest Environment and Resources (DISAFRI), University of Tuscia, Via San Camillo de Lellis snc, 01100 Viterbo, Italy,</affiliation>
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<author xml:id="author-24"><persName><forename type="first">John</forename>
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<affiliation>School of GeoSciences, University of Edinburgh, EH9 3JU Edinburgh, UK,</affiliation>
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<author xml:id="author-26"><persName><forename type="first">Bruce</forename>
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<affiliation>Department of Botany, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland,</affiliation>
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<author xml:id="author-27"><persName><forename type="first">João Santos</forename>
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<author xml:id="author-28"><persName><forename type="first">Mari</forename>
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<affiliation>Department of Physical Sciences, University of Helsinki, P O Box 64, FIN‐00014.Helsinki, Finland,</affiliation>
</author>
<author xml:id="author-29"><persName><forename type="first">Kim</forename>
<surname>Pilegaard</surname>
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<affiliation>Plant Research Department, RisNational Laboratory, Frederiksborgvej 399, PO Box 49, DK‐4000 Roskilde, Denmark,</affiliation>
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<author xml:id="author-30"><persName><forename type="first">Francesca</forename>
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<author xml:id="author-32"><persName><forename type="first">Federica</forename>
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<author xml:id="author-33"><persName><forename type="first">Andrea</forename>
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<author xml:id="author-34"><persName><forename type="first">Timo</forename>
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<affiliation>Department of Physical Sciences, University of Helsinki, P O Box 64, FIN‐00014.Helsinki, Finland,</affiliation>
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<abstract xml:lang="en"><p>We present carbon stable isotope, δ13C, results from air and organic matter samples collected during 98 individual field campaigns across a network of Carboeuroflux forest sites in 2001 (14 sites) and 2002 (16 sites). Using these data, we tested the hypothesis that δ13C values derived from large‐scale atmospheric measurements and models, which are routinely used to partition carbon fluxes between land and ocean, and potentially between respiration and photosynthesis on land, are consistent with directly measured ecosystem‐scale δ13C values. In this framework, we also tested the potential of δ13C in canopy air and plant organic matter to record regional‐scale ecophysiological patterns. Our network estimates for the mean δ13C of ecosystem respired CO2 and the related ‘discrimination’ of ecosystem respiration, δer and Δer, respectively, were −25.6±1.9‰ and 17.8 ±2.0‰ in 2001 and −26.6±1.5‰ and 19.0±1.6‰ in 2002. The results were in close agreement with δ13C values derived from regional‐scale atmospheric measurement programs for 2001, but less so in 2002, which had an unusual precipitation pattern. This suggests that regional‐scale atmospheric sampling programs generally capture ecosystem δ13C signals over Europe, but may be limited in capturing some of the interannual variations. In 2001, but less so in 2002, there were discernable longitudinal and seasonal trends in δer. From west to east, across the network, there was a general enrichment in 13C (∼3‰ and ∼1‰ for the 2 years, respectively) consistent with increasing Gorczynski continentality index for warmer and drier conditions. In 2001 only, seasonal 13C enrichment between July and September, followed by depletion in November (from about −26.0‰ to −24.5‰ to −30.0‰), was also observed. In 2001, July and August δer values across the network were significantly related to average daytime vapor pressure deficit (VPD), relative humidity (RH), and, to a lesser degree, air temperature (Ta), but not significantly with monthly average precipitation (Pm). In contrast, in 2002 (a much wetter peak season), δer was significantly related with Ta, but not significantly with VPD and RH. The important role of plant physiological processes on δer in 2001 was emphasized by a relatively rapid turnover (between 1 and 6 days) of assimilated carbon inferred from time‐lag analyses of δer vs. meteorological parameters. However, this was not evident in 2002. These analyses also noted corresponding diurnal cycles of δer and meteorological parameters in 2001, indicating a rapid transmission of daytime meteorology, via physiological responses, to the δer signal during this season. Organic matter δ13C results showed progressive 13C enrichment from leaves, through stems and roots to soil organic matter, which may be explained by 13C fractionation during respiration. This enrichment was species dependent and was prominent in angiosperms but not in gymnosperms. δ13C values of organic matter of any of the plant components did not well represent short‐term δer values during the seasonal cycle, and could not be used to partition ecosystem respiration into autotrophic and heterotrophic components.</p>
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<item><term>isotopic discrimination</term>
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<titleGroup><title type="tocHeading1">Original Articles</title>
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<correspondenceTo> Dan Yakir, tel. +972 (0)8 934 2549, fax 972 (0)8 934 4124, e‐mail: <email normalForm="dan.yakir@weizmann.ac.il">dan.yakir@weizmann.ac.il</email>
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<contentMeta><unparsedEditorialHistory>Received 19 December 2003; revised version received 9 September 2004; accepted 2 March 2005</unparsedEditorialHistory>
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<titleGroup><title type="main">Pan‐European <i>δ</i>
<sup>13</sup>
C values of air and organic matter from forest ecosystems</title>
<title type="shortAuthors">D. HEMMING <i>et al.</i>
</title>
<title type="short">EUROPEAN STABLE ISOTOPE NETWORK</title>
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fluxes</keyword>
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<abstractGroup><abstract type="main" xml:lang="en"><title type="main">Abstract</title>
<p>We present carbon stable isotope, <i>δ</i>
<sup>13</sup>
C, results from air and organic matter samples collected during 98 individual field campaigns across a network of Carboeuroflux forest sites in 2001 (14 sites) and 2002 (16 sites). Using these data, we tested the hypothesis that <i>δ</i>
<sup>13</sup>
C values derived from large‐scale atmospheric measurements and models, which are routinely used to partition carbon fluxes between land and ocean, and potentially between respiration and photosynthesis on land, are consistent with directly measured ecosystem‐scale <i>δ</i>
<sup>13</sup>
C values. In this framework, we also tested the potential of <i>δ</i>
<sup>13</sup>
C in canopy air and plant organic matter to record regional‐scale ecophysiological patterns.</p>
<p>Our network estimates for the mean <i>δ</i>
<sup>13</sup>
C of ecosystem respired CO<sub>2</sub>
and the related ‘discrimination’ of ecosystem respiration, <i>δ</i>
<sub>er</sub>
and Δ<sub>er</sub>
, respectively, were −25.6±1.9‰ and 17.8 ±2.0‰ in 2001 and −26.6±1.5‰ and 19.0±1.6‰ in 2002. The results were in close agreement with <i>δ</i>
<sup>13</sup>
C values derived from regional‐scale atmospheric measurement programs for 2001, but less so in 2002, which had an unusual precipitation pattern. This suggests that regional‐scale atmospheric sampling programs generally capture ecosystem <i>δ</i>
<sup>13</sup>
C signals over Europe, but may be limited in capturing some of the interannual variations.</p>
<p>In 2001, but less so in 2002, there were discernable longitudinal and seasonal trends in <i>δ</i>
<sub>er</sub>
. From west to east, across the network, there was a general enrichment in <sup>13</sup>
C (∼3‰ and ∼1‰ for the 2 years, respectively) consistent with increasing Gorczynski continentality index for warmer and drier conditions. In 2001 only, seasonal <sup>13</sup>
C enrichment between July and September, followed by depletion in November (from about −26.0‰ to −24.5‰ to −30.0‰), was also observed. In 2001, July and August <i>δ</i>
<sub>er</sub>
values across the network were significantly related to average daytime vapor pressure deficit (VPD), relative humidity (RH), and, to a lesser degree, air temperature (<i>T</i>
<sub>a</sub>
), but not significantly with monthly average precipitation (<i>P</i>
<sub>m</sub>
). In contrast, in 2002 (a much wetter peak season), <i>δ</i>
<sub>er</sub>
was significantly related with <i>T</i>
<sub>a</sub>
, but not significantly with VPD and RH. The important role of plant physiological processes on <i>δ</i>
<sub>er</sub>
in 2001 was emphasized by a relatively rapid turnover (between 1 and 6 days) of assimilated carbon inferred from time‐lag analyses of <i>δ</i>
<sub>er</sub>
vs. meteorological parameters. However, this was not evident in 2002. These analyses also noted corresponding diurnal cycles of <i>δ</i>
<sub>er</sub>
and meteorological parameters in 2001, indicating a rapid transmission of daytime meteorology, via physiological responses, to the <i>δ</i>
<sub>er</sub>
signal during this season.</p>
<p>Organic matter <i>δ</i>
<sup>13</sup>
C results showed progressive <sup>13</sup>
C enrichment from leaves, through stems and roots to soil organic matter, which may be explained by <sup>13</sup>
C fractionation during respiration. This enrichment was species dependent and was prominent in angiosperms but not in gymnosperms. <i>δ</i>
<sup>13</sup>
C values of organic matter of any of the plant components did not well represent short‐term <i>δ</i>
<sub>er</sub>
values during the seasonal cycle, and could not be used to partition ecosystem respiration into autotrophic and heterotrophic components.</p>
</abstract>
</abstractGroup>
</contentMeta>
<noteGroup><note xml:id="fn1" numbered="no"><p><sup>1</sup>
Present address: Hadley Centre for Climate Prediction and Research, Met Office, Fitzroy Road, Exeter EX1 3PB, UK.</p>
</note>
</noteGroup>
</header>
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<mods version="3.6"><titleInfo lang="en"><title>Pan‐European δ13C values of air and organic matter from forest ecosystems</title>
</titleInfo>
<titleInfo type="abbreviated" lang="en"><title>EUROPEAN STABLE ISOTOPE NETWORK</title>
</titleInfo>
<titleInfo type="alternative" contentType="CDATA" lang="en"><title>Pan‐European δ13C values of air and organic matter from forest ecosystems</title>
</titleInfo>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Deborah</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Hemming</namePart>
<affiliation>Department of Environmental Sciences and Energy Research, Weizmann Institute of Science, 76100 Rehovot, Israel,</affiliation>
<description>1Present address: Hadley Centre for Climate Prediction and Research, Met Office, Fitzroy Road, Exeter EX1 3PB, UK.</description>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Dan</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Yakir</namePart>
<affiliation>Department of Environmental Sciences and Energy Research, Weizmann Institute of Science, 76100 Rehovot, Israel,</affiliation>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Per</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Ambus</namePart>
<affiliation>Plant Research Department, RisNational Laboratory, Frederiksborgvej 399, PO Box 49, DK‐4000 Roskilde, Denmark,</affiliation>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Mika</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Aurela</namePart>
<affiliation>Finnish Meteorological Institute, Climate and Global Change Research, Sahaajankatu 20 E, FIN‐00880 Helsinki, Finland,</affiliation>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Cathy</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Besson</namePart>
<affiliation>Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349‐017 Lisboa, Portugal,</affiliation>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Kevin</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Black</namePart>
<affiliation>Department of Botany, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland,</affiliation>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Nina</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Buchmann</namePart>
<affiliation>Max Plank Institute for Biochemistry, PO Box 100164, 07701 Jena, Germany,</affiliation>
<affiliation>Institute of Plant Sciences, Universitätsstrasse 2, ETH Zentrum LFW C56, CH‐8092 Zuerich, Switzerland,</affiliation>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Regis</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Burlett</namePart>
<affiliation>INRA Bordeaux, 33610 Gazinet‐Cestas, France,</affiliation>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Alessandro</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Cescatti</namePart>
<affiliation>Centro di Ecologia Alpina, Viote del Monte Bondone, 38040 Trento, Italy,</affiliation>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Robert</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Clement</namePart>
<affiliation>School of GeoSciences, University of Edinburgh, EH9 3JU Edinburgh, UK,</affiliation>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Patrick</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Gross</namePart>
<affiliation>UMR INRA‐UHP Ecologie et Ecophysiologie Forestières, F54280 Champenoux, France,</affiliation>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">André</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Granier</namePart>
<affiliation>UMR INRA‐UHP Ecologie et Ecophysiologie Forestières, F54280 Champenoux, France,</affiliation>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Thomas</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Grünwald</namePart>
<affiliation>Department of Meteorology, Institute of Hydrology and Meteorology, TU Dresden, D‐01062 Dresden, Germany,</affiliation>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Katarina</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Havrankova</namePart>
<affiliation>Institute of Landscape Ecology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech. Republic, Porici 3B, Brno 603 00, Czech Republic,</affiliation>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Dalibor</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Janous</namePart>
<affiliation>Institute of Landscape Ecology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech. Republic, Porici 3B, Brno 603 00, Czech Republic,</affiliation>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Ivan A.</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Janssens</namePart>
<affiliation>Department of Biology, Universiteitsplein 1, B‐2610. Antwerp, Belgium,</affiliation>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Alexander</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Knohl</namePart>
<affiliation>Max Plank Institute for Biochemistry, PO Box 100164, 07701 Jena, Germany,</affiliation>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Barbara K</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Östner</namePart>
<affiliation>Department of Meteorology, Institute of Hydrology and Meteorology, TU Dresden, D‐01062 Dresden, Germany,</affiliation>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Andrew</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Kowalski</namePart>
<affiliation>INRA Bordeaux, 33610 Gazinet‐Cestas, France,</affiliation>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Tuomas</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Laurila</namePart>
<affiliation>Finnish Meteorological Institute, Climate and Global Change Research, Sahaajankatu 20 E, FIN‐00880 Helsinki, Finland,</affiliation>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Catarina</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Mata</namePart>
<affiliation>CNR, Istituto di Biologia Agroambientale e Forestale, 05010 Porano (TR), Italy,</affiliation>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Barbara</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Marcolla</namePart>
<affiliation>Centro di Ecologia Alpina, Viote del Monte Bondone, 38040 Trento, Italy,</affiliation>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Giorgio</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Matteucci</namePart>
<affiliation>Joint Research Centre, Institute for Environment and Sustainability – IES, Climate Change Unit, T.P. 051, 21020 Ispra (VA), Italy,</affiliation>
<affiliation>Department of Forest Environment and Resources (DISAFRI), University of Tuscia, Via San Camillo de Lellis snc, 01100 Viterbo, Italy,</affiliation>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">John</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Moncrieff</namePart>
<affiliation>School of GeoSciences, University of Edinburgh, EH9 3JU Edinburgh, UK,</affiliation>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Eddy J.</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Moors</namePart>
<affiliation>Alterra, PO Box 47. 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands,</affiliation>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Bruce</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Osborne</namePart>
<affiliation>Department of Botany, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland,</affiliation>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">João Santos</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Pereira</namePart>
<affiliation>Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349‐017 Lisboa, Portugal,</affiliation>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Mari</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Pihlatie</namePart>
<affiliation>Department of Physical Sciences, University of Helsinki, P O Box 64, FIN‐00014.Helsinki, Finland,</affiliation>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Kim</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Pilegaard</namePart>
<affiliation>Plant Research Department, RisNational Laboratory, Frederiksborgvej 399, PO Box 49, DK‐4000 Roskilde, Denmark,</affiliation>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Francesca</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Ponti</namePart>
<affiliation>Dipartimento di Colture Arboree, Università di Bologna, Via Fanin 46, 40127 Bologna, Italy,</affiliation>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Zuzana</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Rosova</namePart>
<affiliation>Institute of Landscape Ecology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech. Republic, Porici 3B, Brno 603 00, Czech Republic,</affiliation>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Federica</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Rossi</namePart>
<affiliation>Istituto di Biometeorologia, CNR, Via P.Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy</affiliation>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Andrea</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Scartazza</namePart>
<affiliation>CNR, Istituto di Biologia Agroambientale e Forestale, 05010 Porano (TR), Italy,</affiliation>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Timo</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Vesala</namePart>
<affiliation>Department of Physical Sciences, University of Helsinki, P O Box 64, FIN‐00014.Helsinki, Finland,</affiliation>
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</role>
</name>
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<originInfo><publisher>Blackwell Science Ltd</publisher>
<place><placeTerm type="text">Oxford, UK</placeTerm>
</place>
<dateIssued encoding="w3cdtf">2005-07</dateIssued>
<edition>Received 19 December 2003; revised version received 9 September 2004; accepted 2 March 2005</edition>
<copyrightDate encoding="w3cdtf">2005</copyrightDate>
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<languageTerm type="code" authority="iso639-2b">eng</languageTerm>
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<extent unit="figures">11</extent>
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<extent unit="words">20315</extent>
</physicalDescription>
<abstract lang="en">We present carbon stable isotope, δ13C, results from air and organic matter samples collected during 98 individual field campaigns across a network of Carboeuroflux forest sites in 2001 (14 sites) and 2002 (16 sites). Using these data, we tested the hypothesis that δ13C values derived from large‐scale atmospheric measurements and models, which are routinely used to partition carbon fluxes between land and ocean, and potentially between respiration and photosynthesis on land, are consistent with directly measured ecosystem‐scale δ13C values. In this framework, we also tested the potential of δ13C in canopy air and plant organic matter to record regional‐scale ecophysiological patterns. Our network estimates for the mean δ13C of ecosystem respired CO2 and the related ‘discrimination’ of ecosystem respiration, δer and Δer, respectively, were −25.6±1.9‰ and 17.8 ±2.0‰ in 2001 and −26.6±1.5‰ and 19.0±1.6‰ in 2002. The results were in close agreement with δ13C values derived from regional‐scale atmospheric measurement programs for 2001, but less so in 2002, which had an unusual precipitation pattern. This suggests that regional‐scale atmospheric sampling programs generally capture ecosystem δ13C signals over Europe, but may be limited in capturing some of the interannual variations. In 2001, but less so in 2002, there were discernable longitudinal and seasonal trends in δer. From west to east, across the network, there was a general enrichment in 13C (∼3‰ and ∼1‰ for the 2 years, respectively) consistent with increasing Gorczynski continentality index for warmer and drier conditions. In 2001 only, seasonal 13C enrichment between July and September, followed by depletion in November (from about −26.0‰ to −24.5‰ to −30.0‰), was also observed. In 2001, July and August δer values across the network were significantly related to average daytime vapor pressure deficit (VPD), relative humidity (RH), and, to a lesser degree, air temperature (Ta), but not significantly with monthly average precipitation (Pm). In contrast, in 2002 (a much wetter peak season), δer was significantly related with Ta, but not significantly with VPD and RH. The important role of plant physiological processes on δer in 2001 was emphasized by a relatively rapid turnover (between 1 and 6 days) of assimilated carbon inferred from time‐lag analyses of δer vs. meteorological parameters. However, this was not evident in 2002. These analyses also noted corresponding diurnal cycles of δer and meteorological parameters in 2001, indicating a rapid transmission of daytime meteorology, via physiological responses, to the δer signal during this season. Organic matter δ13C results showed progressive 13C enrichment from leaves, through stems and roots to soil organic matter, which may be explained by 13C fractionation during respiration. This enrichment was species dependent and was prominent in angiosperms but not in gymnosperms. δ13C values of organic matter of any of the plant components did not well represent short‐term δer values during the seasonal cycle, and could not be used to partition ecosystem respiration into autotrophic and heterotrophic components.</abstract>
<subject lang="en"><genre>keywords</genre>
<topic>carboeuroflux</topic>
<topic>CO2 fluxes</topic>
<topic>ecosystem carbon budget</topic>
<topic>isotopic discrimination</topic>
<topic>ecosystem respiration</topic>
<topic>stable isotopes</topic>
<topic>δ13C</topic>
</subject>
<relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Global Change Biology</title>
</titleInfo>
<genre type="journal">journal</genre>
<identifier type="ISSN">1354-1013</identifier>
<identifier type="eISSN">1365-2486</identifier>
<identifier type="DOI">10.1111/(ISSN)1365-2486</identifier>
<identifier type="PublisherID">GCB</identifier>
<part><date>2005</date>
<detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption>
<number>11</number>
</detail>
<detail type="issue"><caption>no.</caption>
<number>7</number>
</detail>
<extent unit="pages"><start>1065</start>
<end>1093</end>
<total>29</total>
</extent>
</part>
</relatedItem>
<identifier type="istex">1ABD2E2491D00F8A22B3B3F8AA5122C1E1302F85</identifier>
<identifier type="DOI">10.1111/j.1365-2486.2005.00971.x</identifier>
<identifier type="ArticleID">GCB971</identifier>
<recordInfo><recordContentSource>WILEY</recordContentSource>
<recordOrigin>Blackwell Science Ltd</recordOrigin>
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