Extensive gene flow over Europe and possible speciation over Eurasia in the ectomycorrhizal basidiomycete Laccaria amethystina complex
Identifieur interne : 000B43 ( Istex/Corpus ); précédent : 000B42; suivant : 000B44Extensive gene flow over Europe and possible speciation over Eurasia in the ectomycorrhizal basidiomycete Laccaria amethystina complex
Auteurs : Lucie Vincenot ; Kazuhide Nara ; Christopher Sthultz ; Jessy Labbé ; Marie-Pierre Dubois ; Leho Tedersoo ; Francis Martin ; Marc-André SelosseSource :
- Molecular Ecology [ 0962-1083 ] ; 2012-01.
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- KwdEn :
Abstract
Biogeographical patterns and large‐scale genetic structure have been little studied in ectomycorrhizal (EM) fungi, despite the ecological and economic importance of EM symbioses. We coupled population genetics and phylogenetic approaches to understand spatial structure in fungal populations on a continental scale. Using nine microsatellite markers, we characterized gene flow among 16 populations of the widespread EM basidiomycete Laccaria amethystina over Europe (i.e. over 2900 km). We also widened our scope to two additional populations from Japan (104 km away) and compared them with European populations through microsatellite markers and multilocus phylogenies, using three nuclear genes (NAR, G6PD and ribosomal DNA) and two mitochondrial ribosomal genes. European L. amethystina populations displayed limited differentiation (average FST = 0.041) and very weak isolation by distance (IBD). This panmictic European pattern may result from effective aerial dispersal of spores, high genetic diversity in populations and mutualistic interactions with multiple hosts that all facilitate migration. The multilocus phylogeny based on nuclear genes confirmed that Japanese and European specimens were closely related but clustered on a geographical basis. By using microsatellite markers, we found that Japanese populations were strongly differentiated from the European populations (FST = 0.416), more than expected by extrapolating the European pattern of IBD. Population structure analyses clearly separated the populations into two clusters, i.e. European and Japanese clusters. We discuss the possibility of IBD in a continuous population (considering some evidence for a ring species over the Northern Hemisphere) vs. an allopatric speciation over Eurasia, making L. amethystina a promising model of intercontinental species for future studies.
Url:
DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-294X.2011.05392.x
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ISTEX:EE5DD48A4239CA97D06A784BA37D7BE0DFFA57F3Le document en format XML
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last="Sthultz">Christopher Sthultz</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>UMR5175, Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive, 1919 route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier Cedex 5, France</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Labbe, Jessy" sort="Labbe, Jessy" uniqKey="Labbe J" first="Jessy" last="Labbé">Jessy Labbé</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>UMR1136, Interactions Arbres/Microorganismes, INRA‐Nancy, 54280 Champenoux, France</mods:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Environmental Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831‐6034, USA</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Dubois, Marie Ierre" sort="Dubois, Marie Ierre" uniqKey="Dubois M" first="Marie-Pierre" last="Dubois">Marie-Pierre Dubois</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>UMR5175, Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive, 1919 route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier Cedex 5, 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France</mods:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Environmental Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831‐6034, USA</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Dubois, Marie Ierre" sort="Dubois, Marie Ierre" uniqKey="Dubois M" first="Marie-Pierre" last="Dubois">Marie-Pierre Dubois</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>UMR5175, Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive, 1919 route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier Cedex 5, France</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tedersoo, Leho" sort="Tedersoo, Leho" uniqKey="Tedersoo L" first="Leho" last="Tedersoo">Leho Tedersoo</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Institute Ecology and Earth Sciences and The Natural History Museum, University of Tartu, 40 Lai Str., 51005 Tartu, Estonia</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Martin, Francis" sort="Martin, Francis" uniqKey="Martin F" first="Francis" last="Martin">Francis Martin</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>UMR1136, Interactions Arbres/Microorganismes, INRA‐Nancy, 54280 Champenoux, France</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Selosse, Marc Ndre" sort="Selosse, Marc Ndre" uniqKey="Selosse M" first="Marc-André" last="Selosse">Marc-André Selosse</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>UMR5175, Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive, 1919 route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier Cedex 5, France</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author></analytic><monogr></monogr><series><title level="j">Molecular Ecology</title><idno type="ISSN">0962-1083</idno><idno type="eISSN">1365-294X</idno><imprint><publisher>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</publisher><pubPlace>Oxford, UK</pubPlace><date type="published" when="2012-01">2012-01</date><biblScope unit="volume">21</biblScope><biblScope unit="issue">2</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" from="281">281</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" to="299">299</biblScope></imprint><idno type="ISSN">0962-1083</idno></series><idno type="istex">EE5DD48A4239CA97D06A784BA37D7BE0DFFA57F3</idno><idno type="DOI">10.1111/j.1365-294X.2011.05392.x</idno><idno type="ArticleID">MEC5392</idno></biblStruct></sourceDesc><seriesStmt><idno type="ISSN">0962-1083</idno></seriesStmt></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>cryptic speciation</term><term>ectomycorrhizal fungi</term><term>gene flow</term><term>inbreeding</term><term>isolation by distance</term><term>microsatellite markers</term><term>phylogeography</term><term>population structure</term></keywords></textClass><langUsage><language ident="en">en</language></langUsage></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">Biogeographical patterns and large‐scale genetic structure have been little studied in ectomycorrhizal (EM) fungi, despite the ecological and economic importance of EM symbioses. We coupled population genetics and phylogenetic approaches to understand spatial structure in fungal populations on a continental scale. Using nine microsatellite markers, we characterized gene flow among 16 populations of the widespread EM basidiomycete Laccaria amethystina over Europe (i.e. over 2900 km). We also widened our scope to two additional populations from Japan (104 km away) and compared them with European populations through microsatellite markers and multilocus phylogenies, using three nuclear genes (NAR, G6PD and ribosomal DNA) and two mitochondrial ribosomal genes. European L. amethystina populations displayed limited differentiation (average FST = 0.041) and very weak isolation by distance (IBD). This panmictic European pattern may result from effective aerial dispersal of spores, high genetic diversity in populations and mutualistic interactions with multiple hosts that all facilitate migration. The multilocus phylogeny based on nuclear genes confirmed that Japanese and European specimens were closely related but clustered on a geographical basis. By using microsatellite markers, we found that Japanese populations were strongly differentiated from the European populations (FST = 0.416), more than expected by extrapolating the European pattern of IBD. Population structure analyses clearly separated the populations into two clusters, i.e. European and Japanese clusters. We discuss the possibility of IBD in a continuous population (considering some evidence for a ring species over the Northern Hemisphere) vs. an allopatric speciation over Eurasia, making L. amethystina a promising model of intercontinental species for future studies.</div></front></TEI><istex><corpusName>wiley</corpusName><author><json:item><name>LUCIE VINCENOT</name><affiliations><json:string>UMR5175, Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive, 1919 route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier Cedex 5, France</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>KAZUHIDE NARA</name><affiliations><json:string>Department of Natural Environmental Studies, The University of Tokyo, 5‐1‐5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277‐8563, Japan</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>CHRISTOPHER STHULTZ</name><affiliations><json:string>UMR5175, Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive, 1919 route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier Cedex 5, France</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>JESSY LABBÉ</name><affiliations><json:string>UMR1136, Interactions Arbres/Microorganismes, INRA‐Nancy, 54280 Champenoux, France</json:string><json:string>Environmental Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831‐6034, USA</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>MARIE‐PIERRE DUBOIS</name><affiliations><json:string>UMR5175, Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive, 1919 route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier Cedex 5, France</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>LEHO TEDERSOO</name><affiliations><json:string>Institute Ecology and Earth Sciences and The Natural History Museum, University of Tartu, 40 Lai Str., 51005 Tartu, Estonia</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>FRANCIS MARTIN</name><affiliations><json:string>UMR1136, Interactions Arbres/Microorganismes, INRA‐Nancy, 54280 Champenoux, France</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>MARC‐ANDRÉ SELOSSE</name><affiliations><json:string>UMR5175, Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive, 1919 route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier Cedex 5, France</json:string></affiliations></json:item></author><subject><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>cryptic speciation</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>ectomycorrhizal fungi</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>gene flow</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>inbreeding</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>isolation by distance</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>microsatellite markers</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>phylogeography</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>population structure</value></json:item></subject><articleId><json:string>MEC5392</json:string></articleId><language><json:string>eng</json:string></language><originalGenre><json:string>article</json:string></originalGenre><abstract>Biogeographical patterns and large‐scale genetic structure have been little studied in ectomycorrhizal (EM) fungi, despite the ecological and economic importance of EM symbioses. We coupled population genetics and phylogenetic approaches to understand spatial structure in fungal populations on a continental scale. Using nine microsatellite markers, we characterized gene flow among 16 populations of the widespread EM basidiomycete Laccaria amethystina over Europe (i.e. over 2900 km). We also widened our scope to two additional populations from Japan (104 km away) and compared them with European populations through microsatellite markers and multilocus phylogenies, using three nuclear genes (NAR, G6PD and ribosomal DNA) and two mitochondrial ribosomal genes. European L. amethystina populations displayed limited differentiation (average FST = 0.041) and very weak isolation by distance (IBD). This panmictic European pattern may result from effective aerial dispersal of spores, high genetic diversity in populations and mutualistic interactions with multiple hosts that all facilitate migration. The multilocus phylogeny based on nuclear genes confirmed that Japanese and European specimens were closely related but clustered on a geographical basis. By using microsatellite markers, we found that Japanese populations were strongly differentiated from the European populations (FST = 0.416), more than expected by extrapolating the European pattern of IBD. Population structure analyses clearly separated the populations into two clusters, i.e. European and Japanese clusters. We discuss the possibility of IBD in a continuous population (considering some evidence for a ring species over the Northern Hemisphere) vs. an allopatric speciation over Eurasia, making L. amethystina a promising model of intercontinental species for future studies.</abstract><qualityIndicators><score>7.964</score><pdfVersion>1.3</pdfVersion><pdfPageSize>595.276 x 793.701 pts</pdfPageSize><refBibsNative>true</refBibsNative><abstractCharCount>1855</abstractCharCount><pdfWordCount>10549</pdfWordCount><pdfCharCount>69573</pdfCharCount><pdfPageCount>19</pdfPageCount><abstractWordCount>247</abstractWordCount></qualityIndicators><title>Extensive gene flow over Europe and possible speciation over Eurasia in the ectomycorrhizal basidiomycete Laccaria amethystina complex</title><refBibs><json:item><author><json:item><name>K Abarenkov</name></json:item><json:item><name>RH Nilsson</name></json:item><json:item><name>K‐H 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Mach‐IASMA, via Edmund Mach 1, 38100 San Michele all’Adige, Italy</note><affiliation>Present address: Sustainable Agro‐Ecosystems and Bioresources, Fondazione Edmund Mach‐IASMA, via Edmund Mach 1, 38100 San Michele all’Adige, Italy</affiliation><affiliation>UMR5175, Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive, 1919 route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier Cedex 5, France</affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-2"><persName><forename type="first">KAZUHIDE</forename><surname>NARA</surname></persName><affiliation>Department of Natural Environmental Studies, The University of Tokyo, 5‐1‐5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277‐8563, Japan</affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-3"><persName><forename type="first">CHRISTOPHER</forename><surname>STHULTZ</surname></persName><affiliation>UMR5175, Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive, 1919 route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier Cedex 5, France</affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-4"><persName><forename type="first">JESSY</forename><surname>LABBÉ</surname></persName><affiliation>UMR1136, Interactions Arbres/Microorganismes, INRA‐Nancy, 54280 Champenoux, France</affiliation><affiliation>Environmental Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831‐6034, USA</affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-5"><persName><forename type="first">MARIE‐PIERRE</forename><surname>DUBOIS</surname></persName><affiliation>UMR5175, Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive, 1919 route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier Cedex 5, France</affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-6"><persName><forename type="first">LEHO</forename><surname>TEDERSOO</surname></persName><affiliation>Institute Ecology and Earth Sciences and The Natural History Museum, University of Tartu, 40 Lai Str., 51005 Tartu, Estonia</affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-7"><persName><forename type="first">FRANCIS</forename><surname>MARTIN</surname></persName><affiliation>UMR1136, Interactions Arbres/Microorganismes, INRA‐Nancy, 54280 Champenoux, France</affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-8"><persName><forename type="first">MARC‐ANDRÉ</forename><surname>SELOSSE</surname></persName><affiliation>UMR5175, Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive, 1919 route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier Cedex 5, France</affiliation></author></analytic><monogr><title level="j">Molecular Ecology</title><idno type="pISSN">0962-1083</idno><idno type="eISSN">1365-294X</idno><idno type="DOI">10.1111/(ISSN)1365-294X</idno><imprint><publisher>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</publisher><pubPlace>Oxford, UK</pubPlace><date type="published" when="2012-01"></date><biblScope unit="volume">21</biblScope><biblScope unit="issue">2</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" from="281">281</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" to="299">299</biblScope></imprint></monogr><idno type="istex">EE5DD48A4239CA97D06A784BA37D7BE0DFFA57F3</idno><idno type="DOI">10.1111/j.1365-294X.2011.05392.x</idno><idno 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We coupled population genetics and phylogenetic approaches to understand spatial structure in fungal populations on a continental scale. Using nine microsatellite markers, we characterized gene flow among 16 populations of the widespread EM basidiomycete Laccaria amethystina over Europe (i.e. over 2900 km). We also widened our scope to two additional populations from Japan (104 km away) and compared them with European populations through microsatellite markers and multilocus phylogenies, using three nuclear genes (NAR, G6PD and ribosomal DNA) and two mitochondrial ribosomal genes. European L. amethystina populations displayed limited differentiation (average FST = 0.041) and very weak isolation by distance (IBD). This panmictic European pattern may result from effective aerial dispersal of spores, high genetic diversity in populations and mutualistic interactions with multiple hosts that all facilitate migration. The multilocus phylogeny based on nuclear genes confirmed that Japanese and European specimens were closely related but clustered on a geographical basis. By using microsatellite markers, we found that Japanese populations were strongly differentiated from the European populations (FST = 0.416), more than expected by extrapolating the European pattern of IBD. Population structure analyses clearly separated the populations into two clusters, i.e. European and Japanese clusters. We discuss the possibility of IBD in a continuous population (considering some evidence for a ring species over the Northern Hemisphere) vs. an allopatric speciation over Eurasia, making L. amethystina a promising model of intercontinental species for future studies.</p></abstract><textClass xml:lang="en"><keywords scheme="keyword"><list><head>keywords</head><item><term>cryptic speciation</term></item><item><term>ectomycorrhizal fungi</term></item><item><term>gene flow</term></item><item><term>inbreeding</term></item><item><term>isolation by distance</term></item><item><term>microsatellite markers</term></item><item><term>phylogeography</term></item><item><term>population structure</term></item></list></keywords></textClass></profileDesc><revisionDesc><change when="2012-01">Published</change></revisionDesc></teiHeader></istex:fulltextTEI><json:item><extension>txt</extension><original>false</original><mimetype>text/plain</mimetype><uri>https://api.istex.fr/document/EE5DD48A4239CA97D06A784BA37D7BE0DFFA57F3/fulltext/txt</uri></json:item></fulltext><metadata><istex:metadataXml wicri:clean="Wiley, elements deleted: body"><istex:xmlDeclaration>version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="yes"</istex:xmlDeclaration><istex:document><component version="2.0" type="serialArticle" xml:lang="en"><header><publicationMeta level="product"><publisherInfo><publisherName>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</publisherName><publisherLoc>Oxford, UK</publisherLoc></publisherInfo><doi origin="wiley" registered="yes">10.1111/(ISSN)1365-294X</doi><issn type="print">0962-1083</issn><issn type="electronic">1365-294X</issn><idGroup><id type="product" value="MEC"></id><id type="publisherDivision" value="ST"></id></idGroup><titleGroup><title type="main" sort="MOLECULAR ECOLOGY">Molecular Ecology</title></titleGroup></publicationMeta><publicationMeta level="part" position="01102"><doi origin="wiley">10.1111/mec.2011.21.issue-2</doi><numberingGroup><numbering type="journalVolume" number="21">21</numbering><numbering type="journalIssue" number="2">2</numbering></numberingGroup><coverDate startDate="2012-01">January 2012</coverDate></publicationMeta><publicationMeta level="unit" type="article" position="6" status="forIssue"><doi origin="wiley">10.1111/j.1365-294X.2011.05392.x</doi><idGroup><id type="unit" value="MEC5392"></id></idGroup><countGroup><count type="pageTotal" number="19"></count></countGroup><titleGroup><title type="tocHeading1">ORIGINAL ARTICLES</title><title type="tocHeading2">Population and Conservation Genetics</title></titleGroup><copyright>© 2011 Blackwell Publishing Ltd</copyright><eventGroup><event type="xmlConverted" agent="Converter:BPG_TO_WML3G version:3.0.1 mode:FullText" date="2012-01-04"></event><event type="publishedOnlineEarlyUnpaginated" date="2011-12-14"></event><event type="firstOnline" date="2011-12-14"></event><event type="publishedOnlineFinalForm" date="2012-01-04"></event><event type="xmlConverted" agent="Converter:WILEY_ML3G_TO_WILEY_ML3GV2 version:4.0.1" date="2014-03-20"></event><event type="xmlConverted" agent="Converter:WML3G_To_WML3G version:4.3.4 mode:FullText" date="2015-02-25"></event></eventGroup><numberingGroup><numbering type="pageFirst" number="281">281</numbering><numbering type="pageLast" number="299">299</numbering></numberingGroup><correspondenceTo>Lucie Vincenot, Fax: (+39 0461650872); E‐mail: <email>lucie.vincenot@cefe.cnrs.fr</email></correspondenceTo><linkGroup><link type="toTypesetVersion" href="file:MEC.MEC5392.pdf"></link></linkGroup></publicationMeta><contentMeta><unparsedEditorialHistory>Received 11 July 2011; revision received 27 October 2011; accepted 1 November 2011</unparsedEditorialHistory><countGroup><count type="figureTotal" number="5"></count><count type="tableTotal" number="4"></count></countGroup><titleGroup><title type="main">Extensive gene flow over Europe and possible speciation over Eurasia in the ectomycorrhizal basidiomycete <i>Laccaria amethystina</i> complex</title><title type="shortAuthors">L. VINCENOT <i>ET AL.</i></title><title type="short">EURASIAN POPULATION GENETICS OF <i>LACCARIA AMETHYSTINA</i></title></titleGroup><creators><creator creatorRole="author" xml:id="cr1" affiliationRef="#a1" noteRef="#fn1"><personName><givenNames>LUCIE</givenNames><familyName>VINCENOT</familyName></personName></creator><creator creatorRole="author" xml:id="cr2" affiliationRef="#a2"><personName><givenNames>KAZUHIDE</givenNames><familyName>NARA</familyName></personName></creator><creator creatorRole="author" xml:id="cr3" affiliationRef="#a1"><personName><givenNames>CHRISTOPHER</givenNames><familyName>STHULTZ</familyName></personName></creator><creator creatorRole="author" xml:id="cr4" affiliationRef="#a3 #a4"><personName><givenNames>JESSY</givenNames><familyName>LABBÉ</familyName></personName></creator><creator creatorRole="author" xml:id="cr5" affiliationRef="#a1"><personName><givenNames>MARIE‐PIERRE</givenNames><familyName>DUBOIS</familyName></personName></creator><creator creatorRole="author" xml:id="cr6" affiliationRef="#a5"><personName><givenNames>LEHO</givenNames><familyName>TEDERSOO</familyName></personName></creator><creator creatorRole="author" xml:id="cr7" affiliationRef="#a3"><personName><givenNames>FRANCIS</givenNames><familyName>MARTIN</familyName></personName></creator><creator creatorRole="author" xml:id="cr8" affiliationRef="#a1"><personName><givenNames>MARC‐ANDRÉ</givenNames><familyName>SELOSSE</familyName></personName></creator></creators><affiliationGroup><affiliation xml:id="a1" countryCode="FR"><unparsedAffiliation>UMR5175, Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive, 1919 route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier Cedex 5, France</unparsedAffiliation></affiliation><affiliation xml:id="a2" countryCode="JP"><unparsedAffiliation>Department of Natural Environmental Studies, The University of Tokyo, 5‐1‐5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277‐8563, Japan</unparsedAffiliation></affiliation><affiliation xml:id="a3" countryCode="FR"><unparsedAffiliation>UMR1136, Interactions Arbres/Microorganismes, INRA‐Nancy, 54280 Champenoux, France</unparsedAffiliation></affiliation><affiliation xml:id="a4" countryCode="US"><unparsedAffiliation>Environmental Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831‐6034, USA</unparsedAffiliation></affiliation><affiliation xml:id="a5" countryCode="EE"><unparsedAffiliation>Institute Ecology and Earth Sciences and The Natural History Museum, University of Tartu, 40 Lai Str., 51005 Tartu, Estonia</unparsedAffiliation></affiliation></affiliationGroup><keywordGroup xml:lang="en"><keyword xml:id="k1">cryptic speciation</keyword><keyword xml:id="k2">ectomycorrhizal fungi</keyword><keyword xml:id="k3">gene flow</keyword><keyword xml:id="k4">inbreeding</keyword><keyword xml:id="k5">isolation by distance</keyword><keyword xml:id="k6">microsatellite markers</keyword><keyword xml:id="k7">phylogeography</keyword><keyword xml:id="k8">population structure</keyword></keywordGroup><supportingInformation><p><b>Fig. S1</b> Structure diagram of European and Japanese populations, based on the software Structure 2.2 for <i>K = </i>2 clusters.</p><p><b>Fig. S2</b> Bayesian phylogram of <i>Laccaria</i> spp. using ITS sequences from this study, Unite and GenBank (138 taxa, 622 characters).</p><p><b>Fig. S3</b> Alignment of ITS sequences from <i>L. amethystina</i> and <i>L. amethysteo‐occidentalis</i>.</p><p><b>Fig. S4</b> Unrooted Bayesian phylograms of <i>L. amethystina</i> in Europe and Japan for two mitochondrial ribosomal genes, <i>SrRNA</i> (a, 29 taxa, 477 characters) and <i>LrRNA</i> (b, 37 taxa, 410 characters).</p><p><b>Data S1</b> Microsatellites diploid genotypes for 667 individuals in 18 <i>L. amethystina</i> populations, 9 microsatellites loci</p><p><b>Data S2</b> Genbank accession numbers for sequences of 5 coding or non‐coding loci, on purpose of phylogenetic analysis. Associated phylogenetic trees are available on TREEBASE, study accessions no.11481, 11482, 11483, 11484, 11485, 11486, 11487I have also attached the PDF for reference.</p><supportingInfoItem><mediaResource alt="supporting info item" href="urn-x:wiley:09621083:media:mec5392:MEC_5392_sm_DataS1"></mediaResource><caption>Supporting info item</caption></supportingInfoItem><supportingInfoItem><mediaResource alt="supporting info item" href="urn-x:wiley:09621083:media:mec5392:MEC_5392_sm_DataS2"></mediaResource><caption>Supporting info item</caption></supportingInfoItem><supportingInfoItem><mediaResource alt="supporting info item" href="urn-x:wiley:09621083:media:mec5392:MEC_5392_sm_DescriptionofDataS1"></mediaResource><caption>Supporting info item</caption></supportingInfoItem><supportingInfoItem><mediaResource alt="supporting info item" href="urn-x:wiley:09621083:media:mec5392:MEC_5392_sm_DescriptionofDataS2"></mediaResource><caption>Supporting info item</caption></supportingInfoItem><supportingInfoItem><mediaResource alt="supporting info item" href="urn-x:wiley:09621083:media:mec5392:MEC_5392_sm_FigS1"></mediaResource><caption>Supporting info item</caption></supportingInfoItem><supportingInfoItem><mediaResource alt="supporting info item" href="urn-x:wiley:09621083:media:mec5392:MEC_5392_sm_FigS2"></mediaResource><caption>Supporting info item</caption></supportingInfoItem><supportingInfoItem><mediaResource alt="supporting info item" href="urn-x:wiley:09621083:media:mec5392:MEC_5392_sm_FigS3"></mediaResource><caption>Supporting info item</caption></supportingInfoItem><supportingInfoItem><mediaResource alt="supporting info item" href="urn-x:wiley:09621083:media:mec5392:MEC_5392_sm_FigS4a"></mediaResource><caption>Supporting info item</caption></supportingInfoItem><supportingInfoItem><mediaResource alt="supporting info item" href="urn-x:wiley:09621083:media:mec5392:MEC_5392_sm_FigS4b"></mediaResource><caption>Supporting info item</caption></supportingInfoItem></supportingInformation><abstractGroup><abstract type="main" xml:lang="en"><title type="main">Abstract</title><p>Biogeographical patterns and large‐scale genetic structure have been little studied in ectomycorrhizal (EM) fungi, despite the ecological and economic importance of EM symbioses. We coupled population genetics and phylogenetic approaches to understand spatial structure in fungal populations on a continental scale. Using nine microsatellite markers, we characterized gene flow among 16 populations of the widespread EM basidiomycete <i>Laccaria amethystina</i> over Europe (i.e. over 2900 km). We also widened our scope to two additional populations from Japan (10<sup>4</sup> km away) and compared them with European populations through microsatellite markers and multilocus phylogenies, using three nuclear genes (<i>NAR</i>, <i>G6PD</i> and ribosomal DNA) and two mitochondrial ribosomal genes. European <i>L. amethystina</i> populations displayed limited differentiation (average <i>F</i><sub>ST</sub> = 0.041) and very weak isolation by distance (IBD). This panmictic European pattern may result from effective aerial dispersal of spores, high genetic diversity in populations and mutualistic interactions with multiple hosts that all facilitate migration. The multilocus phylogeny based on nuclear genes confirmed that Japanese and European specimens were closely related but clustered on a geographical basis. By using microsatellite markers, we found that Japanese populations were strongly differentiated from the European populations (<i>F</i><sub>ST</sub> = 0.416), more than expected by extrapolating the European pattern of IBD. Population structure analyses clearly separated the populations into two clusters, i.e. European and Japanese clusters. We discuss the possibility of IBD in a continuous population (considering some evidence for a ring species over the Northern Hemisphere) vs. an allopatric speciation over Eurasia, making <i>L. amethystina</i> a promising model of intercontinental species for future studies.</p></abstract></abstractGroup></contentMeta><noteGroup><note xml:id="fn1"><p> Present address: Sustainable Agro‐Ecosystems and Bioresources, Fondazione Edmund Mach‐IASMA, via Edmund Mach 1, 38100 San Michele all’Adige, Italy</p></note></noteGroup></header></component></istex:document></istex:metadataXml><mods version="3.6"><titleInfo lang="en"><title>Extensive gene flow over Europe and possible speciation over Eurasia in the ectomycorrhizal basidiomycete Laccaria amethystina complex</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="abbreviated" lang="en"><title>EURASIAN POPULATION GENETICS OF LACCARIA AMETHYSTINA</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="alternative" contentType="CDATA" lang="en"><title>Extensive gene flow over Europe and possible speciation over Eurasia in the ectomycorrhizal basidiomycete Laccaria amethystina complex</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">LUCIE</namePart><namePart type="family">VINCENOT</namePart><affiliation>UMR5175, Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive, 1919 route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier Cedex 5, France</affiliation><description>Present address: Sustainable Agro‐Ecosystems and Bioresources, Fondazione Edmund Mach‐IASMA, via Edmund Mach 1, 38100 San Michele all’Adige, Italy</description><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">KAZUHIDE</namePart><namePart type="family">NARA</namePart><affiliation>Department of Natural Environmental Studies, The University of Tokyo, 5‐1‐5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277‐8563, Japan</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">CHRISTOPHER</namePart><namePart type="family">STHULTZ</namePart><affiliation>UMR5175, Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive, 1919 route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier Cedex 5, France</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">JESSY</namePart><namePart type="family">LABBÉ</namePart><affiliation>UMR1136, Interactions Arbres/Microorganismes, INRA‐Nancy, 54280 Champenoux, France</affiliation><affiliation>Environmental Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831‐6034, USA</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">MARIE‐PIERRE</namePart><namePart type="family">DUBOIS</namePart><affiliation>UMR5175, Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive, 1919 route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier Cedex 5, France</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">LEHO</namePart><namePart type="family">TEDERSOO</namePart><affiliation>Institute Ecology and Earth Sciences and The Natural History Museum, University of Tartu, 40 Lai Str., 51005 Tartu, Estonia</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">FRANCIS</namePart><namePart type="family">MARTIN</namePart><affiliation>UMR1136, Interactions Arbres/Microorganismes, INRA‐Nancy, 54280 Champenoux, France</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">MARC‐ANDRÉ</namePart><namePart type="family">SELOSSE</namePart><affiliation>UMR5175, Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive, 1919 route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier Cedex 5, France</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><typeOfResource>text</typeOfResource><genre type="article" displayLabel="article"></genre><originInfo><publisher>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</publisher><place><placeTerm type="text">Oxford, UK</placeTerm></place><dateIssued encoding="w3cdtf">2012-01</dateIssued><edition>Received 11 July 2011; revision received 27 October 2011; accepted 1 November 2011</edition><copyrightDate encoding="w3cdtf">2012</copyrightDate></originInfo><language><languageTerm type="code" authority="rfc3066">en</languageTerm><languageTerm type="code" authority="iso639-2b">eng</languageTerm></language><physicalDescription><internetMediaType>text/html</internetMediaType><extent unit="figures">5</extent><extent unit="tables">4</extent></physicalDescription><abstract lang="en">Biogeographical patterns and large‐scale genetic structure have been little studied in ectomycorrhizal (EM) fungi, despite the ecological and economic importance of EM symbioses. We coupled population genetics and phylogenetic approaches to understand spatial structure in fungal populations on a continental scale. Using nine microsatellite markers, we characterized gene flow among 16 populations of the widespread EM basidiomycete Laccaria amethystina over Europe (i.e. over 2900 km). We also widened our scope to two additional populations from Japan (104 km away) and compared them with European populations through microsatellite markers and multilocus phylogenies, using three nuclear genes (NAR, G6PD and ribosomal DNA) and two mitochondrial ribosomal genes. European L. amethystina populations displayed limited differentiation (average FST = 0.041) and very weak isolation by distance (IBD). This panmictic European pattern may result from effective aerial dispersal of spores, high genetic diversity in populations and mutualistic interactions with multiple hosts that all facilitate migration. The multilocus phylogeny based on nuclear genes confirmed that Japanese and European specimens were closely related but clustered on a geographical basis. By using microsatellite markers, we found that Japanese populations were strongly differentiated from the European populations (FST = 0.416), more than expected by extrapolating the European pattern of IBD. Population structure analyses clearly separated the populations into two clusters, i.e. European and Japanese clusters. We discuss the possibility of IBD in a continuous population (considering some evidence for a ring species over the Northern Hemisphere) vs. an allopatric speciation over Eurasia, making L. amethystina a promising model of intercontinental species for future studies.</abstract><subject lang="en"><genre>keywords</genre><topic>cryptic speciation</topic><topic>ectomycorrhizal fungi</topic><topic>gene flow</topic><topic>inbreeding</topic><topic>isolation by distance</topic><topic>microsatellite markers</topic><topic>phylogeography</topic><topic>population structure</topic></subject><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Molecular Ecology</title></titleInfo><genre type="journal">journal</genre><note type="content"> Fig. S1 Structure diagram of European and Japanese populations, based on the software Structure 2.2 for K = 2 clusters. Fig. S2 Bayesian phylogram of Laccaria spp. using ITS sequences from this study, Unite and GenBank (138 taxa, 622 characters). Fig. S3 Alignment of ITS sequences from L. amethystina and L. amethysteo‐occidentalis. Fig. S4 Unrooted Bayesian phylograms of L. amethystina in Europe and Japan for two mitochondrial ribosomal genes, SrRNA (a, 29 taxa, 477 characters) and LrRNA (b, 37 taxa, 410 characters). Data S1 Microsatellites diploid genotypes for 667 individuals in 18 L. amethystina populations, 9 microsatellites loci Data S2 Genbank accession numbers for sequences of 5 coding or non‐coding loci, on purpose of phylogenetic analysis. Associated phylogenetic trees are available on TREEBASE, study accessions no.11481, 11482, 11483, 11484, 11485, 11486, 11487I have also attached the PDF for reference. Fig. S1 Structure diagram of European and Japanese populations, based on the software Structure 2.2 for K = 2 clusters. Fig. S2 Bayesian phylogram of Laccaria spp. using ITS sequences from this study, Unite and GenBank (138 taxa, 622 characters). Fig. S3 Alignment of ITS sequences from L. amethystina and L. amethysteo‐occidentalis. Fig. S4 Unrooted Bayesian phylograms of L. amethystina in Europe and Japan for two mitochondrial ribosomal genes, SrRNA (a, 29 taxa, 477 characters) and LrRNA (b, 37 taxa, 410 characters). Data S1 Microsatellites diploid genotypes for 667 individuals in 18 L. amethystina populations, 9 microsatellites loci Data S2 Genbank accession numbers for sequences of 5 coding or non‐coding loci, on purpose of phylogenetic analysis. Associated phylogenetic trees are available on TREEBASE, study accessions no.11481, 11482, 11483, 11484, 11485, 11486, 11487I have also attached the PDF for reference. Fig. S1 Structure diagram of European and Japanese populations, based on the software Structure 2.2 for K = 2 clusters. Fig. S2 Bayesian phylogram of Laccaria spp. using ITS sequences from this study, Unite and GenBank (138 taxa, 622 characters). Fig. S3 Alignment of ITS sequences from L. amethystina and L. amethysteo‐occidentalis. Fig. S4 Unrooted Bayesian phylograms of L. amethystina in Europe and Japan for two mitochondrial ribosomal genes, SrRNA (a, 29 taxa, 477 characters) and LrRNA (b, 37 taxa, 410 characters). Data S1 Microsatellites diploid genotypes for 667 individuals in 18 L. amethystina populations, 9 microsatellites loci Data S2 Genbank accession numbers for sequences of 5 coding or non‐coding loci, on purpose of phylogenetic analysis. Associated phylogenetic trees are available on TREEBASE, study accessions no.11481, 11482, 11483, 11484, 11485, 11486, 11487I have also attached the PDF for reference. Fig. S1 Structure diagram of European and Japanese populations, based on the software Structure 2.2 for K = 2 clusters. Fig. S2 Bayesian phylogram of Laccaria spp. using ITS sequences from this study, Unite and GenBank (138 taxa, 622 characters). Fig. S3 Alignment of ITS sequences from L. amethystina and L. amethysteo‐occidentalis. Fig. S4 Unrooted Bayesian phylograms of L. amethystina in Europe and Japan for two mitochondrial ribosomal genes, SrRNA (a, 29 taxa, 477 characters) and LrRNA (b, 37 taxa, 410 characters). Data S1 Microsatellites diploid genotypes for 667 individuals in 18 L. amethystina populations, 9 microsatellites loci Data S2 Genbank accession numbers for sequences of 5 coding or non‐coding loci, on purpose of phylogenetic analysis. Associated phylogenetic trees are available on TREEBASE, study accessions no.11481, 11482, 11483, 11484, 11485, 11486, 11487I have also attached the PDF for reference. Fig. S1 Structure diagram of European and Japanese populations, based on the software Structure 2.2 for K = 2 clusters. Fig. S2 Bayesian phylogram of Laccaria spp. using ITS sequences from this study, Unite and GenBank (138 taxa, 622 characters). Fig. S3 Alignment of ITS sequences from L. amethystina and L. amethysteo‐occidentalis. Fig. S4 Unrooted Bayesian phylograms of L. amethystina in Europe and Japan for two mitochondrial ribosomal genes, SrRNA (a, 29 taxa, 477 characters) and LrRNA (b, 37 taxa, 410 characters). Data S1 Microsatellites diploid genotypes for 667 individuals in 18 L. amethystina populations, 9 microsatellites loci Data S2 Genbank accession numbers for sequences of 5 coding or non‐coding loci, on purpose of phylogenetic analysis. Associated phylogenetic trees are available on TREEBASE, study accessions no.11481, 11482, 11483, 11484, 11485, 11486, 11487I have also attached the PDF for reference. Fig. S1 Structure diagram of European and Japanese populations, based on the software Structure 2.2 for K = 2 clusters. Fig. S2 Bayesian phylogram of Laccaria spp. using ITS sequences from this study, Unite and GenBank (138 taxa, 622 characters). Fig. S3 Alignment of ITS sequences from L. amethystina and L. amethysteo‐occidentalis. Fig. S4 Unrooted Bayesian phylograms of L. amethystina in Europe and Japan for two mitochondrial ribosomal genes, SrRNA (a, 29 taxa, 477 characters) and LrRNA (b, 37 taxa, 410 characters). Data S1 Microsatellites diploid genotypes for 667 individuals in 18 L. amethystina populations, 9 microsatellites loci Data S2 Genbank accession numbers for sequences of 5 coding or non‐coding loci, on purpose of phylogenetic analysis. Associated phylogenetic trees are available on TREEBASE, study accessions no.11481, 11482, 11483, 11484, 11485, 11486, 11487I have also attached the PDF for reference.Supporting Info Item: Supporting info item - Supporting info item - Supporting info item - Supporting info item - Supporting info item - Supporting info item - Supporting info item - Supporting info item - Supporting info item - </note><identifier type="ISSN">0962-1083</identifier><identifier type="eISSN">1365-294X</identifier><identifier type="DOI">10.1111/(ISSN)1365-294X</identifier><identifier type="PublisherID">MEC</identifier><part><date>2012</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>21</number></detail><detail type="issue"><caption>no.</caption><number>2</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>281</start><end>299</end><total>19</total></extent></part></relatedItem><identifier type="istex">EE5DD48A4239CA97D06A784BA37D7BE0DFFA57F3</identifier><identifier type="DOI">10.1111/j.1365-294X.2011.05392.x</identifier><identifier type="ArticleID">MEC5392</identifier><accessCondition type="use and reproduction" contentType="copyright">© 2011 Blackwell Publishing Ltd</accessCondition><recordInfo><recordContentSource>WILEY</recordContentSource><recordOrigin>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</recordOrigin></recordInfo></mods></metadata><serie></serie></istex></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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