Influence of migration on characteristics of type 2 diabetes in sub-Saharan Africans.
Identifieur interne : 003860 ( PubMed/Curation ); précédent : 003859; suivant : 003861Influence of migration on characteristics of type 2 diabetes in sub-Saharan Africans.
Auteurs : S P Choukem [Cameroun] ; C. Fabreguettes [France] ; E. Akwo [Cameroun] ; R. Porcher [France] ; J L Nguewa [France] ; C. Bouche [France] ; F F Kaze [Cameroun] ; A P Kengne [Australie] ; P. Vexiau [France] ; J C Mbanya [Cameroun] ; E. Sobngwi [Cameroun] ; J-F Gautier [France]Source :
- Diabetes & metabolism [ 1878-1780 ] ; 2014.
Descripteurs français
- KwdFr :
- Adulte, Adulte d'âge moyen, Cameroun (épidémiologie), Diabète de type 2 (ethnologie), Diabète de type 2 (sang), Diabète de type 2 (épidémiologie), Femelle, France (épidémiologie), Humains, Hypertension artérielle (épidémiologie), Hémoglobine A glycosylée (métabolisme), Marqueurs biologiques (sang), Mode de vie, Mâle, Néphropathies diabétiques (sang), Néphropathies diabétiques (épidémiologie), Population d'origine africaine (), Population d'origine européenne (), Prévalence, Qualité des soins de santé, Rétinopathie diabétique (sang), Rétinopathie diabétique (épidémiologie), Sujet âgé, Sujet âgé de 80 ans ou plus, Émigrants et immigrants (), Études transversales.
- MESH :
- ethnologie : Diabète de type 2.
- métabolisme : Hémoglobine A glycosylée.
- sang : Diabète de type 2, Marqueurs biologiques, Néphropathies diabétiques, Rétinopathie diabétique.
- épidémiologie : Cameroun, Diabète de type 2, France, Hypertension artérielle, Néphropathies diabétiques, Rétinopathie diabétique.
- Adulte, Adulte d'âge moyen, Femelle, Humains, Mode de vie, Mâle, Population d'origine africaine, Population d'origine européenne, Prévalence, Qualité des soins de santé, Sujet âgé, Sujet âgé de 80 ans ou plus, Émigrants et immigrants, Études transversales.
- Wicri :
English descriptors
- KwdEn :
- Adult, African Continental Ancestry Group (statistics & numerical data), Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Biomarkers (blood), Cameroon (epidemiology), Cross-Sectional Studies, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 (blood), Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 (epidemiology), Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 (ethnology), Diabetic Nephropathies (blood), Diabetic Nephropathies (epidemiology), Diabetic Retinopathy (blood), Diabetic Retinopathy (epidemiology), Emigrants and Immigrants (statistics & numerical data), European Continental Ancestry Group (statistics & numerical data), Female, France (epidemiology), Hemoglobin A, Glycosylated (metabolism), Humans, Hypertension (epidemiology), Life Style, Male, Middle Aged, Prevalence, Quality of Health Care.
- MESH :
- chemical , blood : Biomarkers.
- geographic , epidemiology : Cameroon, France.
- blood : Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Diabetic Nephropathies, Diabetic Retinopathy.
- epidemiology : Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Diabetic Nephropathies, Diabetic Retinopathy, Hypertension.
- ethnology : Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2.
- chemical , metabolism : Hemoglobin A, Glycosylated.
- statistics & numerical data : African Continental Ancestry Group, Emigrants and Immigrants, European Continental Ancestry Group.
- Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Humans, Life Style, Male, Middle Aged, Prevalence, Quality of Health Care.
Abstract
This study compared the clinical and biochemical characteristics and microvascular complications found in three groups of type 2 diabetes (T2D) patients: Africans living in Africa; African immigrants living in France; and Caucasians living in France.
DOI: 10.1016/j.diabet.2013.07.004
PubMed: 24076360
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Electronic address: schoukem@gmail.com.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Cameroun</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Hôpital Lariboisière, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, University Paris-Diderot Paris-7, Paris, France; Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Buea, Buea</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Fabreguettes, C" sort="Fabreguettes, C" uniqKey="Fabreguettes C" first="C" last="Fabreguettes">C. Fabreguettes</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Hôpital Lariboisière, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, University Paris-Diderot Paris-7, Paris, France.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Hôpital Lariboisière, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, University Paris-Diderot Paris-7, Paris</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Akwo, E" sort="Akwo, E" uniqKey="Akwo E" first="E" last="Akwo">E. Akwo</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>National Obesity Centre, Yaoundé Central Hospital, Yaoundé, Cameroon.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Cameroun</country><wicri:regionArea>National Obesity Centre, Yaoundé Central Hospital, Yaoundé</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Porcher, R" sort="Porcher, R" uniqKey="Porcher R" first="R" last="Porcher">R. Porcher</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Biostatistics and Medical Computing, Saint-Louis University Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, University Paris-Diderot Paris-7, Paris, France.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Biostatistics and Medical Computing, Saint-Louis University Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, University Paris-Diderot Paris-7, Paris</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Nguewa, J L" sort="Nguewa, J L" uniqKey="Nguewa J" first="J L" last="Nguewa">J L Nguewa</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Hôpital Lariboisière, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, University Paris-Diderot Paris-7, Paris, France.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Hôpital Lariboisière, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, University Paris-Diderot Paris-7, Paris</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bouche, C" sort="Bouche, C" uniqKey="Bouche C" first="C" last="Bouche">C. Bouche</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Hôpital Lariboisière, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, University Paris-Diderot Paris-7, Paris, France.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Hôpital Lariboisière, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, University Paris-Diderot Paris-7, Paris</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kaze, F F" sort="Kaze, F F" uniqKey="Kaze F" first="F F" last="Kaze">F F Kaze</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaoundé-1, Yaoundé, Cameroon.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Cameroun</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaoundé-1, Yaoundé</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kengne, A P" sort="Kengne, A P" uniqKey="Kengne A" first="A P" last="Kengne">A P Kengne</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>South African Medical Research Council and University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; The George Institute for International Health, the University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country><wicri:regionArea>South African Medical Research Council and University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; The George Institute for International Health, the University of Sydney, Sydney</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Vexiau, P" sort="Vexiau, P" uniqKey="Vexiau P" first="P" last="Vexiau">P. Vexiau</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Hôpital Lariboisière, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, University Paris-Diderot Paris-7, Paris, France.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Hôpital Lariboisière, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, University Paris-Diderot Paris-7, Paris</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mbanya, J C" sort="Mbanya, J C" uniqKey="Mbanya J" first="J C" last="Mbanya">J C Mbanya</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>National Obesity Centre, Yaoundé Central Hospital, Yaoundé, Cameroon; Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaoundé-1, Yaoundé, Cameroon.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Cameroun</country><wicri:regionArea>National Obesity Centre, Yaoundé Central Hospital, Yaoundé, Cameroon; Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaoundé-1, Yaoundé</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sobngwi, E" sort="Sobngwi, E" uniqKey="Sobngwi E" first="E" last="Sobngwi">E. Sobngwi</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>National Obesity Centre, Yaoundé Central Hospital, Yaoundé, Cameroon; Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaoundé-1, Yaoundé, Cameroon.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Cameroun</country><wicri:regionArea>National Obesity Centre, Yaoundé Central Hospital, Yaoundé, Cameroon; Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaoundé-1, Yaoundé</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gautier, J F" sort="Gautier, J F" uniqKey="Gautier J" first="J-F" last="Gautier">J-F Gautier</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Hôpital Lariboisière, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, University Paris-Diderot Paris-7, Paris, France; INSERM U872, Cordeliers Institute of Biomedical Research, Paris-6 University, Paris, France. Electronic address: jean-francois.gautier@sls.aphp.fr.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Hôpital Lariboisière, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, University Paris-Diderot Paris-7, Paris, France; INSERM U872, Cordeliers Institute of Biomedical Research, Paris-6 University, Paris</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Diabetes & metabolism</title><idno type="eISSN">1878-1780</idno><imprint><date when="2014" type="published">2014</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Adult</term><term>African Continental Ancestry Group (statistics & numerical data)</term><term>Aged</term><term>Aged, 80 and over</term><term>Biomarkers (blood)</term><term>Cameroon (epidemiology)</term><term>Cross-Sectional Studies</term><term>Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 (blood)</term><term>Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 (epidemiology)</term><term>Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 (ethnology)</term><term>Diabetic Nephropathies (blood)</term><term>Diabetic Nephropathies (epidemiology)</term><term>Diabetic Retinopathy (blood)</term><term>Diabetic Retinopathy (epidemiology)</term><term>Emigrants and Immigrants (statistics & numerical data)</term><term>European Continental Ancestry Group (statistics & numerical data)</term><term>Female</term><term>France (epidemiology)</term><term>Hemoglobin A, Glycosylated (metabolism)</term><term>Humans</term><term>Hypertension (epidemiology)</term><term>Life Style</term><term>Male</term><term>Middle Aged</term><term>Prevalence</term><term>Quality of Health Care</term></keywords><keywords scheme="KwdFr" xml:lang="fr"><term>Adulte</term><term>Adulte d'âge moyen</term><term>Cameroun (épidémiologie)</term><term>Diabète de type 2 (ethnologie)</term><term>Diabète de type 2 (sang)</term><term>Diabète de type 2 (épidémiologie)</term><term>Femelle</term><term>France (épidémiologie)</term><term>Humains</term><term>Hypertension artérielle (épidémiologie)</term><term>Hémoglobine A glycosylée (métabolisme)</term><term>Marqueurs biologiques (sang)</term><term>Mode de vie</term><term>Mâle</term><term>Néphropathies diabétiques (sang)</term><term>Néphropathies diabétiques (épidémiologie)</term><term>Population d'origine africaine ()</term><term>Population d'origine européenne ()</term><term>Prévalence</term><term>Qualité des soins de santé</term><term>Rétinopathie diabétique (sang)</term><term>Rétinopathie diabétique (épidémiologie)</term><term>Sujet âgé</term><term>Sujet âgé de 80 ans ou plus</term><term>Émigrants et immigrants ()</term><term>Études transversales</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" type="chemical" qualifier="blood" xml:lang="en"><term>Biomarkers</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" type="geographic" qualifier="epidemiology" xml:lang="en"><term>Cameroon</term><term>France</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="blood" xml:lang="en"><term>Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2</term><term>Diabetic Nephropathies</term><term>Diabetic Retinopathy</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="epidemiology" xml:lang="en"><term>Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2</term><term>Diabetic Nephropathies</term><term>Diabetic Retinopathy</term><term>Hypertension</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="ethnologie" xml:lang="fr"><term>Diabète de type 2</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="ethnology" xml:lang="en"><term>Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" type="chemical" qualifier="metabolism" xml:lang="en"><term>Hemoglobin A, Glycosylated</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="métabolisme" xml:lang="fr"><term>Hémoglobine A glycosylée</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="sang" xml:lang="fr"><term>Diabète de type 2</term><term>Marqueurs biologiques</term><term>Néphropathies diabétiques</term><term>Rétinopathie diabétique</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="statistics & numerical data" xml:lang="en"><term>African Continental Ancestry Group</term><term>Emigrants and Immigrants</term><term>European Continental Ancestry Group</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="épidémiologie" xml:lang="fr"><term>Cameroun</term><term>Diabète de type 2</term><term>France</term><term>Hypertension artérielle</term><term>Néphropathies diabétiques</term><term>Rétinopathie diabétique</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="en"><term>Adult</term><term>Aged</term><term>Aged, 80 and over</term><term>Cross-Sectional Studies</term><term>Female</term><term>Humans</term><term>Life Style</term><term>Male</term><term>Middle Aged</term><term>Prevalence</term><term>Quality of Health Care</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="fr"><term>Adulte</term><term>Adulte d'âge moyen</term><term>Femelle</term><term>Humains</term><term>Mode de vie</term><term>Mâle</term><term>Population d'origine africaine</term><term>Population d'origine européenne</term><term>Prévalence</term><term>Qualité des soins de santé</term><term>Sujet âgé</term><term>Sujet âgé de 80 ans ou plus</term><term>Émigrants et immigrants</term><term>Études transversales</term></keywords><keywords scheme="Wicri" type="geographic" xml:lang="fr"><term>Cameroun</term><term>France</term></keywords></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">This study compared the clinical and biochemical characteristics and microvascular complications found in three groups of type 2 diabetes (T2D) patients: Africans living in Africa; African immigrants living in France; and Caucasians living in France.</div></front></TEI><pubmed><MedlineCitation Status="MEDLINE" Owner="NLM"><PMID Version="1">24076360</PMID><DateCreated><Year>2014</Year><Month>02</Month><Day>10</Day></DateCreated><DateCompleted><Year>2014</Year><Month>11</Month><Day>12</Day></DateCompleted><DateRevised><Year>2017</Year><Month>11</Month><Day>16</Day></DateRevised><Article PubModel="Print-Electronic"><Journal><ISSN IssnType="Electronic">1878-1780</ISSN><JournalIssue CitedMedium="Internet"><Volume>40</Volume><Issue>1</Issue><PubDate><Year>2014</Year><Month>Feb</Month></PubDate></JournalIssue><Title>Diabetes & metabolism</Title><ISOAbbreviation>Diabetes Metab.</ISOAbbreviation></Journal><ArticleTitle>Influence of migration on characteristics of type 2 diabetes in sub-Saharan Africans.</ArticleTitle><Pagination><MedlinePgn>56-60</MedlinePgn></Pagination><ELocationID EIdType="doi" ValidYN="Y">10.1016/j.diabet.2013.07.004</ELocationID><ELocationID EIdType="pii" ValidYN="Y">S1262-3636(13)00131-6</ELocationID><Abstract><AbstractText Label="AIM" NlmCategory="OBJECTIVE">This study compared the clinical and biochemical characteristics and microvascular complications found in three groups of type 2 diabetes (T2D) patients: Africans living in Africa; African immigrants living in France; and Caucasians living in France.</AbstractText><AbstractText Label="METHODS" NlmCategory="METHODS">Diagnosed T2D Africans living in Cameroon (n=100) were compared with 98 African migrants diagnosed with T2D after having moved to France, and a group of 199 T2D Caucasian patients living in France. All underwent clinical and biochemical evaluations, and all were assessed for microvascular complications.</AbstractText><AbstractText Label="RESULTS" NlmCategory="RESULTS">The median duration of stay of the migrants in France was 15years before being diagnosed with diabetes. Despite similar durations of diagnosis, they were 8.9years younger at the time of diagnosis than Africans living in Cameroon (P<0.001). Caucasians and African immigrants in France had lower HbA1c values than Africans in Cameroon (P<0.001); they were also more aggressively treated for hypertension and dyslipidaemia and, therefore, had significantly lower blood pressure levels and better lipid profiles. Diabetic nephropathy and retinopathy rates were higher in Cameroon than in the two other groups. After adjusting for age, diabetes duration, HbA1c, hypertension and other covariates, only the prevalence of diabetic nephropathy (OR: 5.61, 95% CI: 2.32-13.53; P<0.0001) was higher in Cameroon compared with those living in France.</AbstractText><AbstractText Label="CONCLUSION" NlmCategory="CONCLUSIONS">Our results suggest that Africans who emigrate to France may develop diabetes earlier than those staying in their home country. However, the latter may be a reflection of late diagnosis of diabetes. Also, the less adequate diabetes and hypertension control in the latter would explain their higher rates of nephropathy. Large-scale cohorts are now warranted to substantiate these observations.</AbstractText><CopyrightInformation>Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.</CopyrightInformation></Abstract><AuthorList CompleteYN="Y"><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Choukem</LastName><ForeName>S P</ForeName><Initials>SP</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Hôpital Lariboisière, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, University Paris-Diderot Paris-7, Paris, France; Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon. Electronic address: schoukem@gmail.com.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Fabreguettes</LastName><ForeName>C</ForeName><Initials>C</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Hôpital Lariboisière, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, University Paris-Diderot Paris-7, Paris, France.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Akwo</LastName><ForeName>E</ForeName><Initials>E</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>National Obesity Centre, Yaoundé Central Hospital, Yaoundé, Cameroon.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Porcher</LastName><ForeName>R</ForeName><Initials>R</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Biostatistics and Medical Computing, Saint-Louis University Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, University Paris-Diderot Paris-7, Paris, France.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Nguewa</LastName><ForeName>J L</ForeName><Initials>JL</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Hôpital Lariboisière, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, University Paris-Diderot Paris-7, Paris, France.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Bouche</LastName><ForeName>C</ForeName><Initials>C</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Hôpital Lariboisière, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, University Paris-Diderot Paris-7, Paris, France.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Kaze</LastName><ForeName>F F</ForeName><Initials>FF</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaoundé-1, Yaoundé, Cameroon.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Kengne</LastName><ForeName>A P</ForeName><Initials>AP</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>South African Medical Research Council and University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; The George Institute for International Health, the University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Vexiau</LastName><ForeName>P</ForeName><Initials>P</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Hôpital Lariboisière, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, University Paris-Diderot Paris-7, Paris, France.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Mbanya</LastName><ForeName>J C</ForeName><Initials>JC</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>National Obesity Centre, Yaoundé Central Hospital, Yaoundé, Cameroon; Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaoundé-1, Yaoundé, Cameroon.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Sobngwi</LastName><ForeName>E</ForeName><Initials>E</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>National Obesity Centre, Yaoundé Central Hospital, Yaoundé, Cameroon; Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaoundé-1, Yaoundé, Cameroon.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Gautier</LastName><ForeName>J-F</ForeName><Initials>JF</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Hôpital Lariboisière, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, University Paris-Diderot Paris-7, Paris, France; INSERM U872, Cordeliers Institute of Biomedical Research, Paris-6 University, Paris, France. Electronic address: jean-francois.gautier@sls.aphp.fr.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author></AuthorList><Language>eng</Language><PublicationTypeList><PublicationType UI="D003160">Comparative Study</PublicationType><PublicationType UI="D016428">Journal Article</PublicationType><PublicationType UI="D013485">Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't</PublicationType></PublicationTypeList><ArticleDate DateType="Electronic"><Year>2013</Year><Month>09</Month><Day>26</Day></ArticleDate></Article><MedlineJournalInfo><Country>France</Country><MedlineTA>Diabetes Metab</MedlineTA><NlmUniqueID>9607599</NlmUniqueID><ISSNLinking>1262-3636</ISSNLinking></MedlineJournalInfo><ChemicalList><Chemical><RegistryNumber>0</RegistryNumber><NameOfSubstance UI="D015415">Biomarkers</NameOfSubstance></Chemical><Chemical><RegistryNumber>0</RegistryNumber><NameOfSubstance UI="D006442">Hemoglobin A, Glycosylated</NameOfSubstance></Chemical><Chemical><RegistryNumber>0</RegistryNumber><NameOfSubstance UI="C517652">hemoglobin A1c protein, human</NameOfSubstance></Chemical></ChemicalList><CitationSubset>IM</CitationSubset><MeshHeadingList><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D000328" MajorTopicYN="N">Adult</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D044383" MajorTopicYN="N">African Continental Ancestry Group</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000706" MajorTopicYN="Y">statistics & numerical data</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D000368" MajorTopicYN="N">Aged</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D000369" MajorTopicYN="N">Aged, 80 and over</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D015415" MajorTopicYN="N">Biomarkers</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000097" MajorTopicYN="N">blood</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D002163" MajorTopicYN="N" Type="Geographic">Cameroon</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000453" MajorTopicYN="N">epidemiology</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D003430" MajorTopicYN="N">Cross-Sectional Studies</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D003924" MajorTopicYN="N">Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000097" MajorTopicYN="N">blood</QualifierName><QualifierName UI="Q000453" MajorTopicYN="Y">epidemiology</QualifierName><QualifierName UI="Q000208" MajorTopicYN="N">ethnology</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D003928" MajorTopicYN="N">Diabetic Nephropathies</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000097" MajorTopicYN="N">blood</QualifierName><QualifierName UI="Q000453" MajorTopicYN="N">epidemiology</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D003930" MajorTopicYN="N">Diabetic Retinopathy</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000097" MajorTopicYN="N">blood</QualifierName><QualifierName UI="Q000453" MajorTopicYN="N">epidemiology</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D054242" MajorTopicYN="N">Emigrants and Immigrants</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000706" MajorTopicYN="Y">statistics & numerical data</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D044465" MajorTopicYN="N">European Continental Ancestry Group</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000706" MajorTopicYN="Y">statistics & numerical data</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D005260" MajorTopicYN="N">Female</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D005602" MajorTopicYN="N" Type="Geographic">France</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000453" MajorTopicYN="N">epidemiology</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D006442" MajorTopicYN="N">Hemoglobin A, Glycosylated</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000378" MajorTopicYN="N">metabolism</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D006801" MajorTopicYN="N">Humans</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D006973" MajorTopicYN="N">Hypertension</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000453" MajorTopicYN="Y">epidemiology</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D008019" MajorTopicYN="N">Life Style</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D008297" MajorTopicYN="N">Male</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D008875" MajorTopicYN="N">Middle Aged</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D015995" MajorTopicYN="N">Prevalence</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D011787" MajorTopicYN="N">Quality of Health Care</DescriptorName></MeshHeading></MeshHeadingList><KeywordList Owner="NOTNLM"><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">Africans</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">Caucasians</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">Complications</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">Migration</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">Type 2 diabetes</Keyword></KeywordList></MedlineCitation><PubmedData><History><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="received"><Year>2013</Year><Month>01</Month><Day>01</Day></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="revised"><Year>2013</Year><Month>07</Month><Day>06</Day></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="accepted"><Year>2013</Year><Month>07</Month><Day>14</Day></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="entrez"><Year>2013</Year><Month>10</Month><Day>1</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="pubmed"><Year>2013</Year><Month>10</Month><Day>1</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="medline"><Year>2014</Year><Month>11</Month><Day>13</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate></History><PublicationStatus>ppublish</PublicationStatus><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">24076360</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="pii">S1262-3636(13)00131-6</ArticleId><ArticleId 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