Mechanism of action of compound-13: an α1-selective small molecule activator of AMPK.
Identifieur interne : 003529 ( PubMed/Curation ); précédent : 003528; suivant : 003530Mechanism of action of compound-13: an α1-selective small molecule activator of AMPK.
Auteurs : Roger W. Hunter [Suisse] ; Marc Foretz [France] ; Laurent Bultot [Suisse] ; Morgan D. Fullerton [Canada] ; Maria Deak [Suisse] ; Fiona A. Ross [Royaume-Uni] ; Simon A. Hawley [Royaume-Uni] ; Natalia Shpiro [Royaume-Uni] ; Benoit Viollet [France] ; Denis Barron [Suisse] ; Bruce E. Kemp [Australie] ; Gregory R. Steinberg [Canada] ; D Grahame Hardie [Royaume-Uni] ; Kei Sakamoto [Suisse]Source :
- Chemistry & biology [ 1879-1301 ] ; 2014.
Descripteurs français
- KwdFr :
- AMP (pharmacologie), AMP-Activated Protein Kinases (), AMP-Activated Protein Kinases (métabolisme), Acides gras (métabolisme), Activateurs d'enzymes (métabolisme), Activateurs d'enzymes (pharmacologie), Activation enzymatique (), Animaux, Bibliothèques de petites molécules (métabolisme), Bibliothèques de petites molécules (pharmacologie), Données de séquences moléculaires, Estérification (), Hépatocytes (), Hépatocytes (cytologie), Lipogenèse (), Promédicaments (métabolisme), Promédicaments (pharmacologie), Protéines recombinantes (), Protéines recombinantes (métabolisme), Souris, Sous-unités de protéines (), Sous-unités de protéines (agonistes), Sous-unités de protéines (métabolisme), Spécificité du substrat, Séquence d'acides aminés, Transduction du signal ().
- MESH :
- agonistes : Sous-unités de protéines.
- cytologie : Hépatocytes.
- métabolisme : AMP-Activated Protein Kinases, Acides gras, Activateurs d'enzymes, Bibliothèques de petites molécules, Promédicaments, Protéines recombinantes, Sous-unités de protéines.
- pharmacologie : AMP, Activateurs d'enzymes, Bibliothèques de petites molécules, Promédicaments.
- AMP-Activated Protein Kinases, Activation enzymatique, Animaux, Données de séquences moléculaires, Estérification, Hépatocytes, Lipogenèse, Protéines recombinantes, Souris, Sous-unités de protéines, Spécificité du substrat, Séquence d'acides aminés, Transduction du signal.
English descriptors
- KwdEn :
- AMP-Activated Protein Kinases (chemistry), AMP-Activated Protein Kinases (metabolism), Adenosine Monophosphate (pharmacology), Amino Acid Sequence, Animals, Enzyme Activation (drug effects), Enzyme Activators (metabolism), Enzyme Activators (pharmacology), Esterification (drug effects), Fatty Acids (metabolism), Hepatocytes (cytology), Hepatocytes (drug effects), Lipogenesis (drug effects), Mice, Molecular Sequence Data, Prodrugs (metabolism), Prodrugs (pharmacology), Protein Subunits (agonists), Protein Subunits (chemistry), Protein Subunits (metabolism), Recombinant Proteins (chemistry), Recombinant Proteins (metabolism), Signal Transduction (drug effects), Small Molecule Libraries (metabolism), Small Molecule Libraries (pharmacology), Substrate Specificity.
- MESH :
- chemical , agonists : Protein Subunits.
- chemical , chemistry : AMP-Activated Protein Kinases, Protein Subunits, Recombinant Proteins.
- chemical , metabolism : AMP-Activated Protein Kinases, Enzyme Activators, Fatty Acids, Prodrugs, Protein Subunits, Recombinant Proteins, Small Molecule Libraries.
- chemical , pharmacology : Adenosine Monophosphate, Enzyme Activators, Prodrugs, Small Molecule Libraries.
- cytology : Hepatocytes.
- drug effects : Enzyme Activation, Esterification, Hepatocytes, Lipogenesis, Signal Transduction.
- Amino Acid Sequence, Animals, Mice, Molecular Sequence Data, Substrate Specificity.
Abstract
AMPK is a sensor of cellular energy status and a promising target for drugs aimed at metabolic disorders. We have studied the selectivity and mechanism of a recently described activator, C2, and its cell-permeable prodrug, C13. C2 was a potent allosteric activator of α1-complexes that, like AMP, also protected against Thr172 dephosphorylation. Compared with AMP, C2 caused only partial allosteric activation of α2-complexes and failed to protect them against dephosphorylation. We show that both effects could be fully restored by exchanging part of the linker between the autoinhibitory and C-terminal domains in α2, containing the equivalent region from α1 thought to interact with AMP bound in site 3 of the γ subunit. Consistent with our results in cell-free assays, C13 potently inhibited lipid synthesis in hepatocytes from wild-type and was largely ineffective in AMPK-knockout hepatocytes; its effects were more severely affected by knockout of α1 than of α2, β1, or β2.
DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2014.05.014
PubMed: 25036776
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<author><name sortKey="Shpiro, Natalia" sort="Shpiro, Natalia" uniqKey="Shpiro N" first="Natalia" last="Shpiro">Natalia Shpiro</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Viollet, Benoit" sort="Viollet, Benoit" uniqKey="Viollet B" first="Benoit" last="Viollet">Benoit Viollet</name>
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<country xml:lang="fr">France</country>
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<author><name sortKey="Barron, Denis" sort="Barron, Denis" uniqKey="Barron D" first="Denis" last="Barron">Denis Barron</name>
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<country xml:lang="fr">Suisse</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences SA, EPFL Innovation Park, bâtiment G, 1015 Lausanne</wicri:regionArea>
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<author><name sortKey="Kemp, Bruce E" sort="Kemp, Bruce E" uniqKey="Kemp B" first="Bruce E" last="Kemp">Bruce E. Kemp</name>
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<country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Protein Chemistry and Metabolism, St. Vincent's Institute and Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, 41 Victoria Parade, Fitzroy VIC 3065</wicri:regionArea>
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<author><name sortKey="Steinberg, Gregory R" sort="Steinberg, Gregory R" uniqKey="Steinberg G" first="Gregory R" last="Steinberg">Gregory R. Steinberg</name>
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<country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, 1280 Main West Street, Hamilton ON L8N 3Z5</wicri:regionArea>
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<author><name sortKey="Hardie, D Grahame" sort="Hardie, D Grahame" uniqKey="Hardie D" first="D Grahame" last="Hardie">D Grahame Hardie</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Sakamoto, Kei" sort="Sakamoto, Kei" uniqKey="Sakamoto K" first="Kei" last="Sakamoto">Kei Sakamoto</name>
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<country xml:lang="fr">Suisse</country>
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<profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>AMP-Activated Protein Kinases (chemistry)</term>
<term>AMP-Activated Protein Kinases (metabolism)</term>
<term>Adenosine Monophosphate (pharmacology)</term>
<term>Amino Acid Sequence</term>
<term>Animals</term>
<term>Enzyme Activation (drug effects)</term>
<term>Enzyme Activators (metabolism)</term>
<term>Enzyme Activators (pharmacology)</term>
<term>Esterification (drug effects)</term>
<term>Fatty Acids (metabolism)</term>
<term>Hepatocytes (cytology)</term>
<term>Hepatocytes (drug effects)</term>
<term>Lipogenesis (drug effects)</term>
<term>Mice</term>
<term>Molecular Sequence Data</term>
<term>Prodrugs (metabolism)</term>
<term>Prodrugs (pharmacology)</term>
<term>Protein Subunits (agonists)</term>
<term>Protein Subunits (chemistry)</term>
<term>Protein Subunits (metabolism)</term>
<term>Recombinant Proteins (chemistry)</term>
<term>Recombinant Proteins (metabolism)</term>
<term>Signal Transduction (drug effects)</term>
<term>Small Molecule Libraries (metabolism)</term>
<term>Small Molecule Libraries (pharmacology)</term>
<term>Substrate Specificity</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="KwdFr" xml:lang="fr"><term>AMP (pharmacologie)</term>
<term>AMP-Activated Protein Kinases ()</term>
<term>AMP-Activated Protein Kinases (métabolisme)</term>
<term>Acides gras (métabolisme)</term>
<term>Activateurs d'enzymes (métabolisme)</term>
<term>Activateurs d'enzymes (pharmacologie)</term>
<term>Activation enzymatique ()</term>
<term>Animaux</term>
<term>Bibliothèques de petites molécules (métabolisme)</term>
<term>Bibliothèques de petites molécules (pharmacologie)</term>
<term>Données de séquences moléculaires</term>
<term>Estérification ()</term>
<term>Hépatocytes ()</term>
<term>Hépatocytes (cytologie)</term>
<term>Lipogenèse ()</term>
<term>Promédicaments (métabolisme)</term>
<term>Promédicaments (pharmacologie)</term>
<term>Protéines recombinantes ()</term>
<term>Protéines recombinantes (métabolisme)</term>
<term>Souris</term>
<term>Sous-unités de protéines ()</term>
<term>Sous-unités de protéines (agonistes)</term>
<term>Sous-unités de protéines (métabolisme)</term>
<term>Spécificité du substrat</term>
<term>Séquence d'acides aminés</term>
<term>Transduction du signal ()</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" type="chemical" qualifier="agonists" xml:lang="en"><term>Protein Subunits</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" type="chemical" qualifier="chemistry" xml:lang="en"><term>AMP-Activated Protein Kinases</term>
<term>Protein Subunits</term>
<term>Recombinant Proteins</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" type="chemical" qualifier="metabolism" xml:lang="en"><term>AMP-Activated Protein Kinases</term>
<term>Enzyme Activators</term>
<term>Fatty Acids</term>
<term>Prodrugs</term>
<term>Protein Subunits</term>
<term>Recombinant Proteins</term>
<term>Small Molecule Libraries</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" type="chemical" qualifier="pharmacology" xml:lang="en"><term>Adenosine Monophosphate</term>
<term>Enzyme Activators</term>
<term>Prodrugs</term>
<term>Small Molecule Libraries</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="agonistes" xml:lang="fr"><term>Sous-unités de protéines</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="cytologie" xml:lang="fr"><term>Hépatocytes</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="cytology" xml:lang="en"><term>Hepatocytes</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="drug effects" xml:lang="en"><term>Enzyme Activation</term>
<term>Esterification</term>
<term>Hepatocytes</term>
<term>Lipogenesis</term>
<term>Signal Transduction</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="métabolisme" xml:lang="fr"><term>AMP-Activated Protein Kinases</term>
<term>Acides gras</term>
<term>Activateurs d'enzymes</term>
<term>Bibliothèques de petites molécules</term>
<term>Promédicaments</term>
<term>Protéines recombinantes</term>
<term>Sous-unités de protéines</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="pharmacologie" xml:lang="fr"><term>AMP</term>
<term>Activateurs d'enzymes</term>
<term>Bibliothèques de petites molécules</term>
<term>Promédicaments</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="en"><term>Amino Acid Sequence</term>
<term>Animals</term>
<term>Mice</term>
<term>Molecular Sequence Data</term>
<term>Substrate Specificity</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="fr"><term>AMP-Activated Protein Kinases</term>
<term>Activation enzymatique</term>
<term>Animaux</term>
<term>Données de séquences moléculaires</term>
<term>Estérification</term>
<term>Hépatocytes</term>
<term>Lipogenèse</term>
<term>Protéines recombinantes</term>
<term>Souris</term>
<term>Sous-unités de protéines</term>
<term>Spécificité du substrat</term>
<term>Séquence d'acides aminés</term>
<term>Transduction du signal</term>
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<front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">AMPK is a sensor of cellular energy status and a promising target for drugs aimed at metabolic disorders. We have studied the selectivity and mechanism of a recently described activator, C2, and its cell-permeable prodrug, C13. C2 was a potent allosteric activator of α1-complexes that, like AMP, also protected against Thr172 dephosphorylation. Compared with AMP, C2 caused only partial allosteric activation of α2-complexes and failed to protect them against dephosphorylation. We show that both effects could be fully restored by exchanging part of the linker between the autoinhibitory and C-terminal domains in α2, containing the equivalent region from α1 thought to interact with AMP bound in site 3 of the γ subunit. Consistent with our results in cell-free assays, C13 potently inhibited lipid synthesis in hepatocytes from wild-type and was largely ineffective in AMPK-knockout hepatocytes; its effects were more severely affected by knockout of α1 than of α2, β1, or β2.</div>
</front>
</TEI>
<pubmed><MedlineCitation Status="MEDLINE" Owner="NLM"><PMID Version="1">25036776</PMID>
<DateCreated><Year>2014</Year>
<Month>07</Month>
<Day>19</Day>
</DateCreated>
<DateCompleted><Year>2015</Year>
<Month>08</Month>
<Day>19</Day>
</DateCompleted>
<DateRevised><Year>2017</Year>
<Month>11</Month>
<Day>16</Day>
</DateRevised>
<Article PubModel="Print"><Journal><ISSN IssnType="Electronic">1879-1301</ISSN>
<JournalIssue CitedMedium="Internet"><Volume>21</Volume>
<Issue>7</Issue>
<PubDate><Year>2014</Year>
<Month>Jul</Month>
<Day>17</Day>
</PubDate>
</JournalIssue>
<Title>Chemistry & biology</Title>
<ISOAbbreviation>Chem. Biol.</ISOAbbreviation>
</Journal>
<ArticleTitle>Mechanism of action of compound-13: an α1-selective small molecule activator of AMPK.</ArticleTitle>
<Pagination><MedlinePgn>866-79</MedlinePgn>
</Pagination>
<ELocationID EIdType="doi" ValidYN="Y">10.1016/j.chembiol.2014.05.014</ELocationID>
<ELocationID EIdType="pii" ValidYN="Y">S1074-5521(14)00202-6</ELocationID>
<Abstract><AbstractText>AMPK is a sensor of cellular energy status and a promising target for drugs aimed at metabolic disorders. We have studied the selectivity and mechanism of a recently described activator, C2, and its cell-permeable prodrug, C13. C2 was a potent allosteric activator of α1-complexes that, like AMP, also protected against Thr172 dephosphorylation. Compared with AMP, C2 caused only partial allosteric activation of α2-complexes and failed to protect them against dephosphorylation. We show that both effects could be fully restored by exchanging part of the linker between the autoinhibitory and C-terminal domains in α2, containing the equivalent region from α1 thought to interact with AMP bound in site 3 of the γ subunit. Consistent with our results in cell-free assays, C13 potently inhibited lipid synthesis in hepatocytes from wild-type and was largely ineffective in AMPK-knockout hepatocytes; its effects were more severely affected by knockout of α1 than of α2, β1, or β2.</AbstractText>
<CopyrightInformation>Copyright © 2014 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.</CopyrightInformation>
</Abstract>
<AuthorList CompleteYN="Y"><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Hunter</LastName>
<ForeName>Roger W</ForeName>
<Initials>RW</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dow Street, Dundee, DD1 5EH Scotland, UK; Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences SA, EPFL Innovation Park, bâtiment G, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Foretz</LastName>
<ForeName>Marc</ForeName>
<Initials>M</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Inserm, U1016, Institut Cochin, 24 rue du Faubourg Saint-Jacques, 75014 Paris, France; CNRS, UMR8104, Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris cité, 75006 Paris, France.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Bultot</LastName>
<ForeName>Laurent</ForeName>
<Initials>L</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences SA, EPFL Innovation Park, bâtiment G, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Fullerton</LastName>
<ForeName>Morgan D</ForeName>
<Initials>MD</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, 1280 Main West Street, Hamilton ON L8N 3Z5, Canada.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Deak</LastName>
<ForeName>Maria</ForeName>
<Initials>M</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences SA, EPFL Innovation Park, bâtiment G, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Ross</LastName>
<ForeName>Fiona A</ForeName>
<Initials>FA</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Division of Cell Signalling and Immunology, College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Hawley</LastName>
<ForeName>Simon A</ForeName>
<Initials>SA</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Division of Cell Signalling and Immunology, College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Shpiro</LastName>
<ForeName>Natalia</ForeName>
<Initials>N</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dow Street, Dundee, DD1 5EH Scotland, UK.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Viollet</LastName>
<ForeName>Benoit</ForeName>
<Initials>B</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Inserm, U1016, Institut Cochin, 24 rue du Faubourg Saint-Jacques, 75014 Paris, France; CNRS, UMR8104, Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris cité, 75006 Paris, France.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Barron</LastName>
<ForeName>Denis</ForeName>
<Initials>D</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences SA, EPFL Innovation Park, bâtiment G, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Kemp</LastName>
<ForeName>Bruce E</ForeName>
<Initials>BE</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Protein Chemistry and Metabolism, St. Vincent's Institute and Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, 41 Victoria Parade, Fitzroy VIC 3065, Australia.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Steinberg</LastName>
<ForeName>Gregory R</ForeName>
<Initials>GR</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, 1280 Main West Street, Hamilton ON L8N 3Z5, Canada.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Hardie</LastName>
<ForeName>D Grahame</ForeName>
<Initials>DG</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Division of Cell Signalling and Immunology, College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Sakamoto</LastName>
<ForeName>Kei</ForeName>
<Initials>K</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dow Street, Dundee, DD1 5EH Scotland, UK; Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences SA, EPFL Innovation Park, bâtiment G, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland. Electronic address: kei.sakamoto@rd.nestle.com.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
</AuthorList>
<Language>eng</Language>
<GrantList CompleteYN="Y"><Grant><GrantID>097726</GrantID>
<Agency>Wellcome Trust</Agency>
<Country>United Kingdom</Country>
</Grant>
<Grant><Agency>Canadian Institutes of Health Research</Agency>
<Country>Canada</Country>
</Grant>
<Grant><Agency>Medical Research Council</Agency>
<Country>United Kingdom</Country>
</Grant>
</GrantList>
<PublicationTypeList><PublicationType UI="D016428">Journal Article</PublicationType>
<PublicationType UI="D013485">Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't</PublicationType>
</PublicationTypeList>
</Article>
<MedlineJournalInfo><Country>United States</Country>
<MedlineTA>Chem Biol</MedlineTA>
<NlmUniqueID>9500160</NlmUniqueID>
<ISSNLinking>1074-5521</ISSNLinking>
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<MeshHeadingList><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D055372" MajorTopicYN="N">AMP-Activated Protein Kinases</DescriptorName>
<QualifierName UI="Q000737" MajorTopicYN="N">chemistry</QualifierName>
<QualifierName UI="Q000378" MajorTopicYN="Y">metabolism</QualifierName>
</MeshHeading>
<MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D000249" MajorTopicYN="N">Adenosine Monophosphate</DescriptorName>
<QualifierName UI="Q000494" MajorTopicYN="N">pharmacology</QualifierName>
</MeshHeading>
<MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D000595" MajorTopicYN="N">Amino Acid Sequence</DescriptorName>
</MeshHeading>
<MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D000818" MajorTopicYN="N">Animals</DescriptorName>
</MeshHeading>
<MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D004789" MajorTopicYN="N">Enzyme Activation</DescriptorName>
<QualifierName UI="Q000187" MajorTopicYN="N">drug effects</QualifierName>
</MeshHeading>
<MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D020536" MajorTopicYN="N">Enzyme Activators</DescriptorName>
<QualifierName UI="Q000378" MajorTopicYN="N">metabolism</QualifierName>
<QualifierName UI="Q000494" MajorTopicYN="Y">pharmacology</QualifierName>
</MeshHeading>
<MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D004951" MajorTopicYN="N">Esterification</DescriptorName>
<QualifierName UI="Q000187" MajorTopicYN="N">drug effects</QualifierName>
</MeshHeading>
<MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D005227" MajorTopicYN="N">Fatty Acids</DescriptorName>
<QualifierName UI="Q000378" MajorTopicYN="N">metabolism</QualifierName>
</MeshHeading>
<MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D022781" MajorTopicYN="N">Hepatocytes</DescriptorName>
<QualifierName UI="Q000166" MajorTopicYN="N">cytology</QualifierName>
<QualifierName UI="Q000187" MajorTopicYN="N">drug effects</QualifierName>
</MeshHeading>
<MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D050155" MajorTopicYN="N">Lipogenesis</DescriptorName>
<QualifierName UI="Q000187" MajorTopicYN="N">drug effects</QualifierName>
</MeshHeading>
<MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D051379" MajorTopicYN="N">Mice</DescriptorName>
</MeshHeading>
<MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D008969" MajorTopicYN="N">Molecular Sequence Data</DescriptorName>
</MeshHeading>
<MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D011355" MajorTopicYN="N">Prodrugs</DescriptorName>
<QualifierName UI="Q000378" MajorTopicYN="N">metabolism</QualifierName>
<QualifierName UI="Q000494" MajorTopicYN="N">pharmacology</QualifierName>
</MeshHeading>
<MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D021122" MajorTopicYN="N">Protein Subunits</DescriptorName>
<QualifierName UI="Q000819" MajorTopicYN="N">agonists</QualifierName>
<QualifierName UI="Q000737" MajorTopicYN="N">chemistry</QualifierName>
<QualifierName UI="Q000378" MajorTopicYN="N">metabolism</QualifierName>
</MeshHeading>
<MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D011994" MajorTopicYN="N">Recombinant Proteins</DescriptorName>
<QualifierName UI="Q000737" MajorTopicYN="N">chemistry</QualifierName>
<QualifierName UI="Q000378" MajorTopicYN="N">metabolism</QualifierName>
</MeshHeading>
<MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D015398" MajorTopicYN="N">Signal Transduction</DescriptorName>
<QualifierName UI="Q000187" MajorTopicYN="N">drug effects</QualifierName>
</MeshHeading>
<MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D054852" MajorTopicYN="N">Small Molecule Libraries</DescriptorName>
<QualifierName UI="Q000378" MajorTopicYN="N">metabolism</QualifierName>
<QualifierName UI="Q000494" MajorTopicYN="Y">pharmacology</QualifierName>
</MeshHeading>
<MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D013379" MajorTopicYN="N">Substrate Specificity</DescriptorName>
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<PubmedData><History><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="received"><Year>2014</Year>
<Month>02</Month>
<Day>17</Day>
</PubMedPubDate>
<PubMedPubDate PubStatus="revised"><Year>2014</Year>
<Month>05</Month>
<Day>09</Day>
</PubMedPubDate>
<PubMedPubDate PubStatus="accepted"><Year>2014</Year>
<Month>05</Month>
<Day>30</Day>
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