Neandertal roots: Cranial and chronological evidence from Sima de los Huesos.
Identifieur interne : 003693 ( PubMed/Corpus ); précédent : 003692; suivant : 003694Neandertal roots: Cranial and chronological evidence from Sima de los Huesos.
Auteurs : J L Arsuaga ; I. Martínez ; L J Arnold ; A. Aranburu ; A. Gracia-Téllez ; W D Sharp ; R M Quam ; C. Falguères ; A. Pantoja-Pérez ; J. Bischoff ; E. Poza-Rey ; J M Parés ; J M Carretero ; M. Demuro ; C. Lorenzo ; N. Sala ; M. Martin N-Torres ; N. García ; A. Alcázar De Velasco ; G. Cuenca-Besc S ; A. G Mez-Olivencia ; D. Moreno ; A. Pablos ; C-C Shen ; L. Rodríguez ; A I Ortega ; R. García ; A. Bonmatí ; J M Bermúdez De Castro ; E. CarbonellSource :
- Science (New York, N.Y.) [ 1095-9203 ] ; 2014.
English descriptors
- KwdEn :
- MESH :
- geographic : Spain.
- anatomy & histology : Brain, Neanderthals, Skull.
- genetics : Neanderthals.
- Animals, Extinction, Biological, Fossils, Genetic Drift, Humans, Organ Size, Reproductive Isolation.
Abstract
Seventeen Middle Pleistocene crania from the Sima de los Huesos site (Atapuerca, Spain) are analyzed, including seven new specimens. This sample makes it possible to thoroughly characterize a Middle Pleistocene hominin paleodeme and to address hypotheses about the origin and evolution of the Neandertals. Using a variety of techniques, the hominin-bearing layer could be reassigned to a period around 430,000 years ago. The sample shows a consistent morphological pattern with derived Neandertal features present in the face and anterior vault, many of which are related to the masticatory apparatus. This suggests that facial modification was the first step in the evolution of the Neandertal lineage, pointing to a mosaic pattern of evolution, with different anatomical and functional modules evolving at different rates.
DOI: 10.1126/science.1253958
PubMed: 24948730
Links to Exploration step
pubmed:24948730Le document en format XML
<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Neandertal roots: Cranial and chronological evidence from Sima de los Huesos.</title><author><name sortKey="Arsuaga, J L" sort="Arsuaga, J L" uniqKey="Arsuaga J" first="J L" last="Arsuaga">J L Arsuaga</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Centro Mixto UCM-ISCIII de Evolución y Comportamiento Humanos, Madrid, Spain. Departamento de Paleontología, Facultad Ciencias Geológicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain. jlarsuaga@isciii.es.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Martinez, I" sort="Martinez, I" uniqKey="Martinez I" first="I" last="Martínez">I. Martínez</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Área de Paleontología, Departamento de Geología, Geografía y Medio Ambiente, Universidad de Alcalá, Spain.Centro Mixto UCM-ISCIII de Evolución y Comportamiento Humanos, Madrid, Spain.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Arnold, L J" sort="Arnold, L J" uniqKey="Arnold L" first="L J" last="Arnold">L J Arnold</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Centro Nacional de Investigación sobre la Evolución Humana Burgos, Spain. School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, the Environment Institute, and the Institute for Photonics and Advanced Sensing (IPAS), University of Adelaide, Australia.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Aranburu, A" sort="Aranburu, A" uniqKey="Aranburu A" first="A" last="Aranburu">A. Aranburu</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Departamento Mineralogía y Petrología, Facultad de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad del País Vasco, Spain.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gracia Tellez, A" sort="Gracia Tellez, A" uniqKey="Gracia Tellez A" first="A" last="Gracia-Téllez">A. Gracia-Téllez</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Área de Paleontología, Departamento de Geología, Geografía y Medio Ambiente, Universidad de Alcalá, Spain.Centro Mixto UCM-ISCIII de Evolución y Comportamiento Humanos, Madrid, Spain.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sharp, W D" sort="Sharp, W D" uniqKey="Sharp W" first="W D" last="Sharp">W D Sharp</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Berkeley Geochronology Center, Berkeley, CA, USA.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Quam, R M" sort="Quam, R M" uniqKey="Quam R" first="R M" last="Quam">R M Quam</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Anthropology, Binghamton University (State University of New York), Binghamton, NY, USA. Division of Anthropology, American Museum of Natural History, New York, NY, USA.Centro Mixto UCM-ISCIII de Evolución y Comportamiento Humanos, Madrid, Spain.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Falgueres, C" sort="Falgueres, C" uniqKey="Falgueres C" first="C" last="Falguères">C. Falguères</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Département de Préhistoire, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pantoja Perez, A" sort="Pantoja Perez, A" uniqKey="Pantoja Perez A" first="A" last="Pantoja-Pérez">A. Pantoja-Pérez</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Centro Mixto UCM-ISCIII de Evolución y Comportamiento Humanos, Madrid, Spain. Departamento de Paleontología, Facultad Ciencias Geológicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bischoff, J" sort="Bischoff, J" uniqKey="Bischoff J" first="J" last="Bischoff">J. Bischoff</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>U.S. Geological Survey, Menlo Park, CA,USA.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Poza Rey, E" sort="Poza Rey, E" uniqKey="Poza Rey E" first="E" last="Poza-Rey">E. Poza-Rey</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Centro Mixto UCM-ISCIII de Evolución y Comportamiento Humanos, Madrid, Spain. Departamento de Paleontología, Facultad Ciencias Geológicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pares, J M" sort="Pares, J M" uniqKey="Pares J" first="J M" last="Parés">J M Parés</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Centro Nacional de Investigación sobre la Evolución Humana Burgos, Spain.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Carretero, J M" sort="Carretero, J M" uniqKey="Carretero J" first="J M" last="Carretero">J M Carretero</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Laboratorio de Evolución Humana, Departamento de Ciencias Históricas y Geografía, Universidad de Burgos, Spain.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Demuro, M" sort="Demuro, M" uniqKey="Demuro M" first="M" last="Demuro">M. Demuro</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Centro Nacional de Investigación sobre la Evolución Humana Burgos, Spain. Institute for Photonics and Advanced Sensing (IPAS), School of Chemistry and Physics, University of Adelaide, Australia.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lorenzo, C" sort="Lorenzo, C" uniqKey="Lorenzo C" first="C" last="Lorenzo">C. Lorenzo</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Àrea de Prehistòria, Departamento d'Història i Història de l'Art, Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), Tarragona, Spain. Institut Català de Paleoecologia Humana i Evolució Social, Tarragona, Spain.Centro Mixto UCM-ISCIII de Evolución y Comportamiento Humanos, Madrid, Spain.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sala, N" sort="Sala, N" uniqKey="Sala N" first="N" last="Sala">N. Sala</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Centro Mixto UCM-ISCIII de Evolución y Comportamiento Humanos, Madrid, Spain.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Martin N Torres, M" sort="Martin N Torres, M" uniqKey="Martin N Torres M" first="M" last="Martin N-Torres">M. Martin N-Torres</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Centro Nacional de Investigación sobre la Evolución Humana Burgos, Spain.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Garcia, N" sort="Garcia, N" uniqKey="Garcia N" first="N" last="García">N. García</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Centro Mixto UCM-ISCIII de Evolución y Comportamiento Humanos, Madrid, Spain. Departamento de Paleontología, Facultad Ciencias Geológicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Alcazar De Velasco, A" sort="Alcazar De Velasco, A" uniqKey="Alcazar De Velasco A" first="A" last="Alcázar De Velasco">A. Alcázar De Velasco</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Centro Mixto UCM-ISCIII de Evolución y Comportamiento Humanos, Madrid, Spain.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cuenca Besc S, G" sort="Cuenca Besc S, G" uniqKey="Cuenca Besc S G" first="G" last="Cuenca-Besc S">G. Cuenca-Besc S</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Paleontología, Aragosaurus-IUCA and Facultad Ciencias, Universidad de Zaragoza, Spain.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="G Mez Olivencia, A" sort="G Mez Olivencia, A" uniqKey="G Mez Olivencia A" first="A" last="G Mez-Olivencia">A. G Mez-Olivencia</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Centro Mixto UCM-ISCIII de Evolución y Comportamiento Humanos, Madrid, Spain. Département de Préhistoire, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France. PAVE Research Group, Division of Biological Anthropology, Cambridge, UK.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Moreno, D" sort="Moreno, D" uniqKey="Moreno D" first="D" last="Moreno">D. Moreno</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Département de Préhistoire, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France. Laboratorio de Evolución Humana, Departamento de Ciencias Históricas y Geografía, Universidad de Burgos, Spain.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pablos, A" sort="Pablos, A" uniqKey="Pablos A" first="A" last="Pablos">A. Pablos</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Centro Mixto UCM-ISCIII de Evolución y Comportamiento Humanos, Madrid, Spain. Centro Nacional de Investigación sobre la Evolución Humana Burgos, Spain. Laboratorio de Evolución Humana, Departamento de Ciencias Históricas y Geografía, Universidad de Burgos, Spain.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Shen, C C" sort="Shen, C C" uniqKey="Shen C" first="C-C" last="Shen">C-C Shen</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>High-Precision Mass Spectrometry and Environment Change Laboratory (HISPEC), Department of Geosciences, National Taiwan University, Taiwan ROC.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rodriguez, L" sort="Rodriguez, L" uniqKey="Rodriguez L" first="L" last="Rodríguez">L. Rodríguez</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Laboratorio de Evolución Humana, Departamento de Ciencias Históricas y Geografía, Universidad de Burgos, Spain.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ortega, A I" sort="Ortega, A I" uniqKey="Ortega A" first="A I" last="Ortega">A I Ortega</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Centro Nacional de Investigación sobre la Evolución Humana Burgos, Spain.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Garcia, R" sort="Garcia, R" uniqKey="Garcia R" first="R" last="García">R. García</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Laboratorio de Evolución Humana, Departamento de Ciencias Históricas y Geografía, Universidad de Burgos, Spain.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bonmati, A" sort="Bonmati, A" uniqKey="Bonmati A" first="A" last="Bonmatí">A. Bonmatí</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Centro Mixto UCM-ISCIII de Evolución y Comportamiento Humanos, Madrid, Spain. Departamento de Paleontología, Facultad Ciencias Geológicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bermudez De Castro, J M" sort="Bermudez De Castro, J M" uniqKey="Bermudez De Castro J" first="J M" last="Bermúdez De Castro">J M Bermúdez De Castro</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Centro Nacional de Investigación sobre la Evolución Humana Burgos, Spain.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Carbonell, E" sort="Carbonell, E" uniqKey="Carbonell E" first="E" last="Carbonell">E. Carbonell</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Institut Català de Paleoecologia Humana i Evolució Social, Tarragona, Spain. Àrea de Prehistòria, Departamento d'Història i Història de l'Art, Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), Tarragona, Spain. Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology of Beijing (IVPP), China.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PubMed</idno><date when="2014">2014</date><idno type="RBID">pubmed:24948730</idno><idno type="pmid">24948730</idno><idno type="doi">10.1126/science.1253958</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/PubMed/Corpus">003693</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="PubMed" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PubMed">003693</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en">Neandertal roots: Cranial and chronological evidence from Sima de los Huesos.</title><author><name sortKey="Arsuaga, J L" sort="Arsuaga, J L" uniqKey="Arsuaga J" first="J L" last="Arsuaga">J L Arsuaga</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Centro Mixto UCM-ISCIII de Evolución y Comportamiento Humanos, Madrid, Spain. Departamento de Paleontología, Facultad Ciencias Geológicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain. jlarsuaga@isciii.es.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Martinez, I" sort="Martinez, I" uniqKey="Martinez I" first="I" last="Martínez">I. Martínez</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Área de Paleontología, Departamento de Geología, Geografía y Medio Ambiente, Universidad de Alcalá, Spain.Centro Mixto UCM-ISCIII de Evolución y Comportamiento Humanos, Madrid, Spain.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Arnold, L J" sort="Arnold, L J" uniqKey="Arnold L" first="L J" last="Arnold">L J Arnold</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Centro Nacional de Investigación sobre la Evolución Humana Burgos, Spain. School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, the Environment Institute, and the Institute for Photonics and Advanced Sensing (IPAS), University of Adelaide, Australia.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Aranburu, A" sort="Aranburu, A" uniqKey="Aranburu A" first="A" last="Aranburu">A. Aranburu</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Departamento Mineralogía y Petrología, Facultad de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad del País Vasco, Spain.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gracia Tellez, A" sort="Gracia Tellez, A" uniqKey="Gracia Tellez A" first="A" last="Gracia-Téllez">A. Gracia-Téllez</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Área de Paleontología, Departamento de Geología, Geografía y Medio Ambiente, Universidad de Alcalá, Spain.Centro Mixto UCM-ISCIII de Evolución y Comportamiento Humanos, Madrid, Spain.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sharp, W D" sort="Sharp, W D" uniqKey="Sharp W" first="W D" last="Sharp">W D Sharp</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Berkeley Geochronology Center, Berkeley, CA, USA.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Quam, R M" sort="Quam, R M" uniqKey="Quam R" first="R M" last="Quam">R M Quam</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Anthropology, Binghamton University (State University of New York), Binghamton, NY, USA. Division of Anthropology, American Museum of Natural History, New York, NY, USA.Centro Mixto UCM-ISCIII de Evolución y Comportamiento Humanos, Madrid, Spain.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Falgueres, C" sort="Falgueres, C" uniqKey="Falgueres C" first="C" last="Falguères">C. Falguères</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Département de Préhistoire, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pantoja Perez, A" sort="Pantoja Perez, A" uniqKey="Pantoja Perez A" first="A" last="Pantoja-Pérez">A. Pantoja-Pérez</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Centro Mixto UCM-ISCIII de Evolución y Comportamiento Humanos, Madrid, Spain. Departamento de Paleontología, Facultad Ciencias Geológicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bischoff, J" sort="Bischoff, J" uniqKey="Bischoff J" first="J" last="Bischoff">J. Bischoff</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>U.S. Geological Survey, Menlo Park, CA,USA.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Poza Rey, E" sort="Poza Rey, E" uniqKey="Poza Rey E" first="E" last="Poza-Rey">E. Poza-Rey</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Centro Mixto UCM-ISCIII de Evolución y Comportamiento Humanos, Madrid, Spain. Departamento de Paleontología, Facultad Ciencias Geológicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pares, J M" sort="Pares, J M" uniqKey="Pares J" first="J M" last="Parés">J M Parés</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Centro Nacional de Investigación sobre la Evolución Humana Burgos, Spain.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Carretero, J M" sort="Carretero, J M" uniqKey="Carretero J" first="J M" last="Carretero">J M Carretero</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Laboratorio de Evolución Humana, Departamento de Ciencias Históricas y Geografía, Universidad de Burgos, Spain.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Demuro, M" sort="Demuro, M" uniqKey="Demuro M" first="M" last="Demuro">M. Demuro</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Centro Nacional de Investigación sobre la Evolución Humana Burgos, Spain. Institute for Photonics and Advanced Sensing (IPAS), School of Chemistry and Physics, University of Adelaide, Australia.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lorenzo, C" sort="Lorenzo, C" uniqKey="Lorenzo C" first="C" last="Lorenzo">C. Lorenzo</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Àrea de Prehistòria, Departamento d'Història i Història de l'Art, Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), Tarragona, Spain. Institut Català de Paleoecologia Humana i Evolució Social, Tarragona, Spain.Centro Mixto UCM-ISCIII de Evolución y Comportamiento Humanos, Madrid, Spain.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sala, N" sort="Sala, N" uniqKey="Sala N" first="N" last="Sala">N. Sala</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Centro Mixto UCM-ISCIII de Evolución y Comportamiento Humanos, Madrid, Spain.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Martin N Torres, M" sort="Martin N Torres, M" uniqKey="Martin N Torres M" first="M" last="Martin N-Torres">M. Martin N-Torres</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Centro Nacional de Investigación sobre la Evolución Humana Burgos, Spain.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Garcia, N" sort="Garcia, N" uniqKey="Garcia N" first="N" last="García">N. García</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Centro Mixto UCM-ISCIII de Evolución y Comportamiento Humanos, Madrid, Spain. Departamento de Paleontología, Facultad Ciencias Geológicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Alcazar De Velasco, A" sort="Alcazar De Velasco, A" uniqKey="Alcazar De Velasco A" first="A" last="Alcázar De Velasco">A. Alcázar De Velasco</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Centro Mixto UCM-ISCIII de Evolución y Comportamiento Humanos, Madrid, Spain.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cuenca Besc S, G" sort="Cuenca Besc S, G" uniqKey="Cuenca Besc S G" first="G" last="Cuenca-Besc S">G. Cuenca-Besc S</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Paleontología, Aragosaurus-IUCA and Facultad Ciencias, Universidad de Zaragoza, Spain.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="G Mez Olivencia, A" sort="G Mez Olivencia, A" uniqKey="G Mez Olivencia A" first="A" last="G Mez-Olivencia">A. G Mez-Olivencia</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Centro Mixto UCM-ISCIII de Evolución y Comportamiento Humanos, Madrid, Spain. Département de Préhistoire, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France. PAVE Research Group, Division of Biological Anthropology, Cambridge, UK.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Moreno, D" sort="Moreno, D" uniqKey="Moreno D" first="D" last="Moreno">D. Moreno</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Département de Préhistoire, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France. Laboratorio de Evolución Humana, Departamento de Ciencias Históricas y Geografía, Universidad de Burgos, Spain.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pablos, A" sort="Pablos, A" uniqKey="Pablos A" first="A" last="Pablos">A. Pablos</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Centro Mixto UCM-ISCIII de Evolución y Comportamiento Humanos, Madrid, Spain. Centro Nacional de Investigación sobre la Evolución Humana Burgos, Spain. Laboratorio de Evolución Humana, Departamento de Ciencias Históricas y Geografía, Universidad de Burgos, Spain.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Shen, C C" sort="Shen, C C" uniqKey="Shen C" first="C-C" last="Shen">C-C Shen</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>High-Precision Mass Spectrometry and Environment Change Laboratory (HISPEC), Department of Geosciences, National Taiwan University, Taiwan ROC.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rodriguez, L" sort="Rodriguez, L" uniqKey="Rodriguez L" first="L" last="Rodríguez">L. Rodríguez</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Laboratorio de Evolución Humana, Departamento de Ciencias Históricas y Geografía, Universidad de Burgos, Spain.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ortega, A I" sort="Ortega, A I" uniqKey="Ortega A" first="A I" last="Ortega">A I Ortega</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Centro Nacional de Investigación sobre la Evolución Humana Burgos, Spain.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Garcia, R" sort="Garcia, R" uniqKey="Garcia R" first="R" last="García">R. García</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Laboratorio de Evolución Humana, Departamento de Ciencias Históricas y Geografía, Universidad de Burgos, Spain.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bonmati, A" sort="Bonmati, A" uniqKey="Bonmati A" first="A" last="Bonmatí">A. Bonmatí</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Centro Mixto UCM-ISCIII de Evolución y Comportamiento Humanos, Madrid, Spain. Departamento de Paleontología, Facultad Ciencias Geológicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bermudez De Castro, J M" sort="Bermudez De Castro, J M" uniqKey="Bermudez De Castro J" first="J M" last="Bermúdez De Castro">J M Bermúdez De Castro</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Centro Nacional de Investigación sobre la Evolución Humana Burgos, Spain.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Carbonell, E" sort="Carbonell, E" uniqKey="Carbonell E" first="E" last="Carbonell">E. Carbonell</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Institut Català de Paleoecologia Humana i Evolució Social, Tarragona, Spain. Àrea de Prehistòria, Departamento d'Història i Història de l'Art, Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), Tarragona, Spain. Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology of Beijing (IVPP), China.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Science (New York, N.Y.)</title><idno type="eISSN">1095-9203</idno><imprint><date when="2014" type="published">2014</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Animals</term><term>Brain (anatomy & histology)</term><term>Extinction, Biological</term><term>Fossils</term><term>Genetic Drift</term><term>Humans</term><term>Neanderthals (anatomy & histology)</term><term>Neanderthals (genetics)</term><term>Organ Size</term><term>Reproductive Isolation</term><term>Skull (anatomy & histology)</term><term>Spain</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" type="geographic" xml:lang="en"><term>Spain</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="anatomy & histology" xml:lang="en"><term>Brain</term><term>Neanderthals</term><term>Skull</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="genetics" xml:lang="en"><term>Neanderthals</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="en"><term>Animals</term><term>Extinction, Biological</term><term>Fossils</term><term>Genetic Drift</term><term>Humans</term><term>Organ Size</term><term>Reproductive Isolation</term></keywords></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">Seventeen Middle Pleistocene crania from the Sima de los Huesos site (Atapuerca, Spain) are analyzed, including seven new specimens. This sample makes it possible to thoroughly characterize a Middle Pleistocene hominin paleodeme and to address hypotheses about the origin and evolution of the Neandertals. Using a variety of techniques, the hominin-bearing layer could be reassigned to a period around 430,000 years ago. The sample shows a consistent morphological pattern with derived Neandertal features present in the face and anterior vault, many of which are related to the masticatory apparatus. This suggests that facial modification was the first step in the evolution of the Neandertal lineage, pointing to a mosaic pattern of evolution, with different anatomical and functional modules evolving at different rates.</div></front></TEI><pubmed><MedlineCitation Status="MEDLINE" Owner="NLM"><PMID Version="1">24948730</PMID><DateCreated><Year>2014</Year><Month>06</Month><Day>20</Day></DateCreated><DateCompleted><Year>2014</Year><Month>07</Month><Day>08</Day></DateCompleted><DateRevised><Year>2014</Year><Month>06</Month><Day>20</Day></DateRevised><Article PubModel="Print"><Journal><ISSN IssnType="Electronic">1095-9203</ISSN><JournalIssue CitedMedium="Internet"><Volume>344</Volume><Issue>6190</Issue><PubDate><Year>2014</Year><Month>Jun</Month><Day>20</Day></PubDate></JournalIssue><Title>Science (New York, N.Y.)</Title><ISOAbbreviation>Science</ISOAbbreviation></Journal><ArticleTitle>Neandertal roots: Cranial and chronological evidence from Sima de los Huesos.</ArticleTitle><Pagination><MedlinePgn>1358-63</MedlinePgn></Pagination><ELocationID EIdType="doi" ValidYN="Y">10.1126/science.1253958</ELocationID><Abstract><AbstractText>Seventeen Middle Pleistocene crania from the Sima de los Huesos site (Atapuerca, Spain) are analyzed, including seven new specimens. This sample makes it possible to thoroughly characterize a Middle Pleistocene hominin paleodeme and to address hypotheses about the origin and evolution of the Neandertals. Using a variety of techniques, the hominin-bearing layer could be reassigned to a period around 430,000 years ago. The sample shows a consistent morphological pattern with derived Neandertal features present in the face and anterior vault, many of which are related to the masticatory apparatus. This suggests that facial modification was the first step in the evolution of the Neandertal lineage, pointing to a mosaic pattern of evolution, with different anatomical and functional modules evolving at different rates.</AbstractText><CopyrightInformation>Copyright © 2014, American Association for the Advancement of Science.</CopyrightInformation></Abstract><AuthorList CompleteYN="Y"><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Arsuaga</LastName><ForeName>J L</ForeName><Initials>JL</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Centro Mixto UCM-ISCIII de Evolución y Comportamiento Humanos, Madrid, Spain. Departamento de Paleontología, Facultad Ciencias Geológicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain. jlarsuaga@isciii.es.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Martínez</LastName><ForeName>I</ForeName><Initials>I</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Área de Paleontología, Departamento de Geología, Geografía y Medio Ambiente, Universidad de Alcalá, Spain.Centro Mixto UCM-ISCIII de Evolución y Comportamiento Humanos, Madrid, Spain.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Arnold</LastName><ForeName>L J</ForeName><Initials>LJ</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Centro Nacional de Investigación sobre la Evolución Humana Burgos, Spain. School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, the Environment Institute, and the Institute for Photonics and Advanced Sensing (IPAS), University of Adelaide, Australia.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Aranburu</LastName><ForeName>A</ForeName><Initials>A</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Departamento Mineralogía y Petrología, Facultad de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad del País Vasco, Spain.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Gracia-Téllez</LastName><ForeName>A</ForeName><Initials>A</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Área de Paleontología, Departamento de Geología, Geografía y Medio Ambiente, Universidad de Alcalá, Spain.Centro Mixto UCM-ISCIII de Evolución y Comportamiento Humanos, Madrid, Spain.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Sharp</LastName><ForeName>W D</ForeName><Initials>WD</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Berkeley Geochronology Center, Berkeley, CA, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Quam</LastName><ForeName>R M</ForeName><Initials>RM</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Anthropology, Binghamton University (State University of New York), Binghamton, NY, USA. Division of Anthropology, American Museum of Natural History, New York, NY, USA.Centro Mixto UCM-ISCIII de Evolución y Comportamiento Humanos, Madrid, Spain.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Falguères</LastName><ForeName>C</ForeName><Initials>C</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Département de Préhistoire, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Pantoja-Pérez</LastName><ForeName>A</ForeName><Initials>A</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Centro Mixto UCM-ISCIII de Evolución y Comportamiento Humanos, Madrid, Spain. Departamento de Paleontología, Facultad Ciencias Geológicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Bischoff</LastName><ForeName>J</ForeName><Initials>J</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>U.S. Geological Survey, Menlo Park, CA,USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Poza-Rey</LastName><ForeName>E</ForeName><Initials>E</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Centro Mixto UCM-ISCIII de Evolución y Comportamiento Humanos, Madrid, Spain. Departamento de Paleontología, Facultad Ciencias Geológicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Parés</LastName><ForeName>J M</ForeName><Initials>JM</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Centro Nacional de Investigación sobre la Evolución Humana Burgos, Spain.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Carretero</LastName><ForeName>J M</ForeName><Initials>JM</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Laboratorio de Evolución Humana, Departamento de Ciencias Históricas y Geografía, Universidad de Burgos, Spain.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Demuro</LastName><ForeName>M</ForeName><Initials>M</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Centro Nacional de Investigación sobre la Evolución Humana Burgos, Spain. Institute for Photonics and Advanced Sensing (IPAS), School of Chemistry and Physics, University of Adelaide, Australia.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Lorenzo</LastName><ForeName>C</ForeName><Initials>C</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Àrea de Prehistòria, Departamento d'Història i Història de l'Art, Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), Tarragona, Spain. Institut Català de Paleoecologia Humana i Evolució Social, Tarragona, Spain.Centro Mixto UCM-ISCIII de Evolución y Comportamiento Humanos, Madrid, Spain.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Sala</LastName><ForeName>N</ForeName><Initials>N</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Centro Mixto UCM-ISCIII de Evolución y Comportamiento Humanos, Madrid, Spain.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Martinón-Torres</LastName><ForeName>M</ForeName><Initials>M</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Centro Nacional de Investigación sobre la Evolución Humana Burgos, Spain.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>García</LastName><ForeName>N</ForeName><Initials>N</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Centro Mixto UCM-ISCIII de Evolución y Comportamiento Humanos, Madrid, Spain. Departamento de Paleontología, Facultad Ciencias Geológicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Alcázar de Velasco</LastName><ForeName>A</ForeName><Initials>A</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Centro Mixto UCM-ISCIII de Evolución y Comportamiento Humanos, Madrid, Spain.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Cuenca-Bescós</LastName><ForeName>G</ForeName><Initials>G</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Paleontología, Aragosaurus-IUCA and Facultad Ciencias, Universidad de Zaragoza, Spain.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Gómez-Olivencia</LastName><ForeName>A</ForeName><Initials>A</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Centro Mixto UCM-ISCIII de Evolución y Comportamiento Humanos, Madrid, Spain. Département de Préhistoire, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France. PAVE Research Group, Division of Biological Anthropology, Cambridge, UK.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Moreno</LastName><ForeName>D</ForeName><Initials>D</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Département de Préhistoire, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France. Laboratorio de Evolución Humana, Departamento de Ciencias Históricas y Geografía, Universidad de Burgos, Spain.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Pablos</LastName><ForeName>A</ForeName><Initials>A</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Centro Mixto UCM-ISCIII de Evolución y Comportamiento Humanos, Madrid, Spain. Centro Nacional de Investigación sobre la Evolución Humana Burgos, Spain. Laboratorio de Evolución Humana, Departamento de Ciencias Históricas y Geografía, Universidad de Burgos, Spain.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Shen</LastName><ForeName>C-C</ForeName><Initials>CC</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>High-Precision Mass Spectrometry and Environment Change Laboratory (HISPEC), Department of Geosciences, National Taiwan University, Taiwan ROC.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Rodríguez</LastName><ForeName>L</ForeName><Initials>L</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Laboratorio de Evolución Humana, Departamento de Ciencias Históricas y Geografía, Universidad de Burgos, Spain.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Ortega</LastName><ForeName>A I</ForeName><Initials>AI</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Centro Nacional de Investigación sobre la Evolución Humana Burgos, Spain.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>García</LastName><ForeName>R</ForeName><Initials>R</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Laboratorio de Evolución Humana, Departamento de Ciencias Históricas y Geografía, Universidad de Burgos, Spain.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Bonmatí</LastName><ForeName>A</ForeName><Initials>A</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Centro Mixto UCM-ISCIII de Evolución y Comportamiento Humanos, Madrid, Spain. Departamento de Paleontología, Facultad Ciencias Geológicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Bermúdez de Castro</LastName><ForeName>J M</ForeName><Initials>JM</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Centro Nacional de Investigación sobre la Evolución Humana Burgos, Spain.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Carbonell</LastName><ForeName>E</ForeName><Initials>E</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Institut Català de Paleoecologia Humana i Evolució Social, Tarragona, Spain. Àrea de Prehistòria, Departamento d'Història i Història de l'Art, Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), Tarragona, Spain. Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology of Beijing (IVPP), China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author></AuthorList><Language>eng</Language><PublicationTypeList><PublicationType UI="D003160">Comparative Study</PublicationType><PublicationType UI="D016428">Journal Article</PublicationType><PublicationType UI="D013485">Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't</PublicationType></PublicationTypeList></Article><MedlineJournalInfo><Country>United States</Country><MedlineTA>Science</MedlineTA><NlmUniqueID>0404511</NlmUniqueID><ISSNLinking>0036-8075</ISSNLinking></MedlineJournalInfo><CitationSubset>IM</CitationSubset><CommentsCorrectionsList><CommentsCorrections RefType="CommentIn"><RefSource>Science. 2014 Jun 20;344(6190):1338-9</RefSource><PMID Version="1">24948719</PMID></CommentsCorrections></CommentsCorrectionsList><MeshHeadingList><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D000818" MajorTopicYN="N">Animals</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D001921" MajorTopicYN="N">Brain</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000033" MajorTopicYN="N">anatomy & histology</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D053476" MajorTopicYN="N">Extinction, Biological</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D005580" MajorTopicYN="Y">Fossils</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D040961" MajorTopicYN="N">Genetic Drift</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D006801" MajorTopicYN="N">Humans</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D059125" MajorTopicYN="N">Neanderthals</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000033" MajorTopicYN="Y">anatomy & histology</QualifierName><QualifierName UI="Q000235" MajorTopicYN="Y">genetics</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D009929" MajorTopicYN="N">Organ Size</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D060047" MajorTopicYN="N">Reproductive Isolation</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D012886" MajorTopicYN="N">Skull</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000033" MajorTopicYN="Y">anatomy & histology</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D013030" MajorTopicYN="N" Type="Geographic">Spain</DescriptorName></MeshHeading></MeshHeadingList></MedlineCitation><PubmedData><History><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="entrez"><Year>2014</Year><Month>6</Month><Day>21</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="pubmed"><Year>2014</Year><Month>6</Month><Day>21</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="medline"><Year>2014</Year><Month>7</Month><Day>9</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate></History><PublicationStatus>ppublish</PublicationStatus><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">24948730</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="pii">344/6190/1358</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="doi">10.1126/science.1253958</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></PubmedData></pubmed></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
EXPLOR_STEP=$WICRI_ROOT/Wicri/Asie/explor/AustralieFrV1/Data/PubMed/Corpus
HfdSelect -h $EXPLOR_STEP/biblio.hfd -nk 003693 | SxmlIndent | more
Ou
HfdSelect -h $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/PubMed/Corpus/biblio.hfd -nk 003693 | SxmlIndent | more
Pour mettre un lien sur cette page dans le réseau Wicri
{{Explor lien
|wiki= Wicri/Asie
|area= AustralieFrV1
|flux= PubMed
|étape= Corpus
|type= RBID
|clé= pubmed:24948730
|texte= Neandertal roots: Cranial and chronological evidence from Sima de los Huesos.
}}
Pour générer des pages wiki
HfdIndexSelect -h $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/PubMed/Corpus/RBID.i -Sk "pubmed:24948730" \
| HfdSelect -Kh $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/PubMed/Corpus/biblio.hfd \
| NlmPubMed2Wicri -a AustralieFrV1
| This area was generated with Dilib version V0.6.33. |  |