The future of the northeast Atlantic benthic flora in a high CO2 world.
Identifieur interne : 003637 ( PubMed/Corpus ); précédent : 003636; suivant : 003638The future of the northeast Atlantic benthic flora in a high CO2 world.
Auteurs : Juliet Brodie ; Christopher J. Williamson ; Dan A. Smale ; Nicholas A. Kamenos ; Nova Mieszkowska ; Rui Santos ; Michael Cunliffe ; Michael Steinke ; Christopher Yesson ; Kathryn M. Anderson ; Valentina Asnaghi ; Colin Brownlee ; Heidi L. Burdett ; Michael T. Burrows ; Sinead Collins ; Penelope J C. Donohue ; Ben Harvey ; Andrew Foggo ; Fanny Noisette ; Joana Nunes ; Federica Ragazzola ; John A. Raven ; Daniela N. Schmidt ; David Suggett ; Mirta Teichberg ; Jason M. Hall-SpencerSource :
- Ecology and evolution [ 2045-7758 ] ; 2014.
Abstract
Seaweed and seagrass communities in the northeast Atlantic have been profoundly impacted by humans, and the rate of change is accelerating rapidly due to runaway CO2 emissions and mounting pressures on coastlines associated with human population growth and increased consumption of finite resources. Here, we predict how rapid warming and acidification are likely to affect benthic flora and coastal ecosystems of the northeast Atlantic in this century, based on global evidence from the literature as interpreted by the collective knowledge of the authorship. We predict that warming will kill off kelp forests in the south and that ocean acidification will remove maerl habitat in the north. Seagrasses will proliferate, and associated epiphytes switch from calcified algae to diatoms and filamentous species. Invasive species will thrive in niches liberated by loss of native species and spread via exponential development of artificial marine structures. Combined impacts of seawater warming, ocean acidification, and increased storminess may replace structurally diverse seaweed canopies, with associated calcified and noncalcified flora, with simple habitats dominated by noncalcified, turf-forming seaweeds.
DOI: 10.1002/ece3.1105
PubMed: 25077027
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<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">The future of the northeast Atlantic benthic flora in a high CO2 world.</title><author><name sortKey="Brodie, Juliet" sort="Brodie, Juliet" uniqKey="Brodie J" first="Juliet" last="Brodie">Juliet Brodie</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Life Sciences, The Natural History Museum Cromwell Road, London, SW7 5BD, UK.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Williamson, Christopher J" sort="Williamson, Christopher J" uniqKey="Williamson C" first="Christopher J" last="Williamson">Christopher J. Williamson</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Life Sciences, The Natural History Museum Cromwell Road, London, SW7 5BD, UK ; School of Earth and Ocean Sciences, Cardiff University Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff, CF10 3YE, UK.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Smale, Dan A" sort="Smale, Dan A" uniqKey="Smale D" first="Dan A" last="Smale">Dan A. Smale</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Marine Biological Association of the UK Citadel Hill, Plymouth, PL1 2PB, UK ; Ocean and Earth Science, National Oceanography Centre, University of Southampton Waterfront Campus, European Way, Southampton, SO14 3ZH, UK.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kamenos, Nicholas A" sort="Kamenos, Nicholas A" uniqKey="Kamenos N" first="Nicholas A" last="Kamenos">Nicholas A. Kamenos</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>School of Geographical and Earth Sciences, University of Glasgow Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mieszkowska, Nova" sort="Mieszkowska, Nova" uniqKey="Mieszkowska N" first="Nova" last="Mieszkowska">Nova Mieszkowska</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Marine Biological Association of the UK Citadel Hill, Plymouth, PL1 2PB, UK.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Santos, Rui" sort="Santos, Rui" uniqKey="Santos R" first="Rui" last="Santos">Rui Santos</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Marine Plant Ecology Research Group (ALGAE), Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR), University of Algarve Campus of Gambelas, Faro, 8005-139, Portugal.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cunliffe, Michael" sort="Cunliffe, Michael" uniqKey="Cunliffe M" first="Michael" last="Cunliffe">Michael Cunliffe</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Marine Biological Association of the UK Citadel Hill, Plymouth, PL1 2PB, UK.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Steinke, Michael" sort="Steinke, Michael" uniqKey="Steinke M" first="Michael" last="Steinke">Michael Steinke</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>School of Biological Sciences, University of Essex Colchester, CO4 3SQ, UK.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Yesson, Christopher" sort="Yesson, Christopher" uniqKey="Yesson C" first="Christopher" last="Yesson">Christopher Yesson</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Life Sciences, The Natural History Museum Cromwell Road, London, SW7 5BD, UK ; Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society of London Regent's Park, London, NW1 4RY, UK.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Anderson, Kathryn M" sort="Anderson, Kathryn M" uniqKey="Anderson K" first="Kathryn M" last="Anderson">Kathryn M. Anderson</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Zoology, The University of British Columbia #4200-6270 University Blvd., Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z4, Canada.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Asnaghi, Valentina" sort="Asnaghi, Valentina" uniqKey="Asnaghi V" first="Valentina" last="Asnaghi">Valentina Asnaghi</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>DiSTAV - University of Genoa C.so Europa 26, Genoa, 16132, Italy.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Brownlee, Colin" sort="Brownlee, Colin" uniqKey="Brownlee C" first="Colin" last="Brownlee">Colin Brownlee</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Marine Biological Association of the UK Citadel Hill, Plymouth, PL1 2PB, UK.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Burdett, Heidi L" sort="Burdett, Heidi L" uniqKey="Burdett H" first="Heidi L" last="Burdett">Heidi L. Burdett</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of St Andrews St Andrews, Fife, KY16 9AL, UK ; Scottish Oceans Institute, University of St Andrews St Andrews, Fife, KY16 8LB, UK.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Burrows, Michael T" sort="Burrows, Michael T" uniqKey="Burrows M" first="Michael T" last="Burrows">Michael T. Burrows</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Scottish Marine Institute Oban, Argyll, PA37 1QA, UK.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Collins, Sinead" sort="Collins, Sinead" uniqKey="Collins S" first="Sinead" last="Collins">Sinead Collins</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Institute of Evolutionary Biology, University of Edinburgh The King's Building, West Mains Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3JT, UK.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Donohue, Penelope J C" sort="Donohue, Penelope J C" uniqKey="Donohue P" first="Penelope J C" last="Donohue">Penelope J C. Donohue</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>School of Geographical and Earth Sciences, University of Glasgow Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Harvey, Ben" sort="Harvey, Ben" uniqKey="Harvey B" first="Ben" last="Harvey">Ben Harvey</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Institute of Biology, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University Aberystwyth, UK.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Foggo, Andrew" sort="Foggo, Andrew" uniqKey="Foggo A" first="Andrew" last="Foggo">Andrew Foggo</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Marine Biology and Ecology Research Centre, School of Marine Sciences and Engineering, Plymouth University PL4 8AA, UK.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Noisette, Fanny" sort="Noisette, Fanny" uniqKey="Noisette F" first="Fanny" last="Noisette">Fanny Noisette</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>CNRS, UMR 7144, Station Biologique de Roscoff, Place Georges Teissier, Roscoff Cedex, 29688, France ; UPMC Univ. Paris 6, UMR 7144 Station Biologique de Roscoff, Place Georges Teissier, Roscoff Cedex, 29688, France.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Nunes, Joana" sort="Nunes, Joana" uniqKey="Nunes J" first="Joana" last="Nunes">Joana Nunes</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Plymouth Marine Laboratory Prospect Place, The Hoe, Plymouth, PL1 3DH, UK.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ragazzola, Federica" sort="Ragazzola, Federica" uniqKey="Ragazzola F" first="Federica" last="Ragazzola">Federica Ragazzola</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>School of Earth Sciences, University of Bristol Wills Memorial Building, Queen's Road, Bristol, BS8 1RJ, UK.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Raven, John A" sort="Raven, John A" uniqKey="Raven J" first="John A" last="Raven">John A. Raven</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Division of Plant Science, University of Dundee at the James Hutton Institute Invergowrie, Dundee, DD2 5DA, UK ; Plant Functional Biology and Climate Change Cluster, University of Technology Sydney Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Schmidt, Daniela N" sort="Schmidt, Daniela N" uniqKey="Schmidt D" first="Daniela N" last="Schmidt">Daniela N. Schmidt</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>School of Earth Sciences, University of Bristol Wills Memorial Building, Queen's Road, Bristol, BS8 1RJ, UK.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Suggett, David" sort="Suggett, David" uniqKey="Suggett D" first="David" last="Suggett">David Suggett</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>School of Biological Sciences, University of Essex Colchester, CO4 3SQ, UK.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Teichberg, Mirta" sort="Teichberg, Mirta" uniqKey="Teichberg M" first="Mirta" last="Teichberg">Mirta Teichberg</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Leibniz-Zentrum für Marine Tropenökologie Fahrenheitstraße 6, Bremen, D-28359, Germany.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hall Spencer, Jason M" sort="Hall Spencer, Jason M" uniqKey="Hall Spencer J" first="Jason M" last="Hall-Spencer">Jason M. Hall-Spencer</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Marine Biology and Ecology Research Centre, School of Marine Sciences and Engineering, Plymouth University PL4 8AA, UK.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PubMed</idno><date when="2014">2014</date><idno type="RBID">pubmed:25077027</idno><idno type="pmid">25077027</idno><idno type="doi">10.1002/ece3.1105</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/PubMed/Corpus">003637</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="PubMed" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PubMed">003637</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en">The future of the northeast Atlantic benthic flora in a high CO2 world.</title><author><name sortKey="Brodie, Juliet" sort="Brodie, Juliet" uniqKey="Brodie J" first="Juliet" last="Brodie">Juliet Brodie</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Life Sciences, The Natural History Museum Cromwell Road, London, SW7 5BD, UK.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Williamson, Christopher J" sort="Williamson, Christopher J" uniqKey="Williamson C" first="Christopher J" last="Williamson">Christopher J. Williamson</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Life Sciences, The Natural History Museum Cromwell Road, London, SW7 5BD, UK ; School of Earth and Ocean Sciences, Cardiff University Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff, CF10 3YE, UK.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Smale, Dan A" sort="Smale, Dan A" uniqKey="Smale D" first="Dan A" last="Smale">Dan A. Smale</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Marine Biological Association of the UK Citadel Hill, Plymouth, PL1 2PB, UK ; Ocean and Earth Science, National Oceanography Centre, University of Southampton Waterfront Campus, European Way, Southampton, SO14 3ZH, UK.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kamenos, Nicholas A" sort="Kamenos, Nicholas A" uniqKey="Kamenos N" first="Nicholas A" last="Kamenos">Nicholas A. Kamenos</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>School of Geographical and Earth Sciences, University of Glasgow Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mieszkowska, Nova" sort="Mieszkowska, Nova" uniqKey="Mieszkowska N" first="Nova" last="Mieszkowska">Nova Mieszkowska</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Marine Biological Association of the UK Citadel Hill, Plymouth, PL1 2PB, UK.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Santos, Rui" sort="Santos, Rui" uniqKey="Santos R" first="Rui" last="Santos">Rui Santos</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Marine Plant Ecology Research Group (ALGAE), Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR), University of Algarve Campus of Gambelas, Faro, 8005-139, Portugal.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cunliffe, Michael" sort="Cunliffe, Michael" uniqKey="Cunliffe M" first="Michael" last="Cunliffe">Michael Cunliffe</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Marine Biological Association of the UK Citadel Hill, Plymouth, PL1 2PB, UK.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Steinke, Michael" sort="Steinke, Michael" uniqKey="Steinke M" first="Michael" last="Steinke">Michael Steinke</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>School of Biological Sciences, University of Essex Colchester, CO4 3SQ, UK.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Yesson, Christopher" sort="Yesson, Christopher" uniqKey="Yesson C" first="Christopher" last="Yesson">Christopher Yesson</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Life Sciences, The Natural History Museum Cromwell Road, London, SW7 5BD, UK ; Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society of London Regent's Park, London, NW1 4RY, UK.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Anderson, Kathryn M" sort="Anderson, Kathryn M" uniqKey="Anderson K" first="Kathryn M" last="Anderson">Kathryn M. Anderson</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Zoology, The University of British Columbia #4200-6270 University Blvd., Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z4, Canada.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Asnaghi, Valentina" sort="Asnaghi, Valentina" uniqKey="Asnaghi V" first="Valentina" last="Asnaghi">Valentina Asnaghi</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>DiSTAV - University of Genoa C.so Europa 26, Genoa, 16132, Italy.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Brownlee, Colin" sort="Brownlee, Colin" uniqKey="Brownlee C" first="Colin" last="Brownlee">Colin Brownlee</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Marine Biological Association of the UK Citadel Hill, Plymouth, PL1 2PB, UK.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Burdett, Heidi L" sort="Burdett, Heidi L" uniqKey="Burdett H" first="Heidi L" last="Burdett">Heidi L. Burdett</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of St Andrews St Andrews, Fife, KY16 9AL, UK ; Scottish Oceans Institute, University of St Andrews St Andrews, Fife, KY16 8LB, UK.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Burrows, Michael T" sort="Burrows, Michael T" uniqKey="Burrows M" first="Michael T" last="Burrows">Michael T. Burrows</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Scottish Marine Institute Oban, Argyll, PA37 1QA, UK.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Collins, Sinead" sort="Collins, Sinead" uniqKey="Collins S" first="Sinead" last="Collins">Sinead Collins</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Institute of Evolutionary Biology, University of Edinburgh The King's Building, West Mains Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3JT, UK.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Donohue, Penelope J C" sort="Donohue, Penelope J C" uniqKey="Donohue P" first="Penelope J C" last="Donohue">Penelope J C. Donohue</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>School of Geographical and Earth Sciences, University of Glasgow Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Harvey, Ben" sort="Harvey, Ben" uniqKey="Harvey B" first="Ben" last="Harvey">Ben Harvey</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Institute of Biology, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University Aberystwyth, UK.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Foggo, Andrew" sort="Foggo, Andrew" uniqKey="Foggo A" first="Andrew" last="Foggo">Andrew Foggo</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Marine Biology and Ecology Research Centre, School of Marine Sciences and Engineering, Plymouth University PL4 8AA, UK.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Noisette, Fanny" sort="Noisette, Fanny" uniqKey="Noisette F" first="Fanny" last="Noisette">Fanny Noisette</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>CNRS, UMR 7144, Station Biologique de Roscoff, Place Georges Teissier, Roscoff Cedex, 29688, France ; UPMC Univ. Paris 6, UMR 7144 Station Biologique de Roscoff, Place Georges Teissier, Roscoff Cedex, 29688, France.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Nunes, Joana" sort="Nunes, Joana" uniqKey="Nunes J" first="Joana" last="Nunes">Joana Nunes</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Plymouth Marine Laboratory Prospect Place, The Hoe, Plymouth, PL1 3DH, UK.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ragazzola, Federica" sort="Ragazzola, Federica" uniqKey="Ragazzola F" first="Federica" last="Ragazzola">Federica Ragazzola</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>School of Earth Sciences, University of Bristol Wills Memorial Building, Queen's Road, Bristol, BS8 1RJ, UK.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Raven, John A" sort="Raven, John A" uniqKey="Raven J" first="John A" last="Raven">John A. Raven</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Division of Plant Science, University of Dundee at the James Hutton Institute Invergowrie, Dundee, DD2 5DA, UK ; Plant Functional Biology and Climate Change Cluster, University of Technology Sydney Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Schmidt, Daniela N" sort="Schmidt, Daniela N" uniqKey="Schmidt D" first="Daniela N" last="Schmidt">Daniela N. Schmidt</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>School of Earth Sciences, University of Bristol Wills Memorial Building, Queen's Road, Bristol, BS8 1RJ, UK.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Suggett, David" sort="Suggett, David" uniqKey="Suggett D" first="David" last="Suggett">David Suggett</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>School of Biological Sciences, University of Essex Colchester, CO4 3SQ, UK.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Teichberg, Mirta" sort="Teichberg, Mirta" uniqKey="Teichberg M" first="Mirta" last="Teichberg">Mirta Teichberg</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Leibniz-Zentrum für Marine Tropenökologie Fahrenheitstraße 6, Bremen, D-28359, Germany.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hall Spencer, Jason M" sort="Hall Spencer, Jason M" uniqKey="Hall Spencer J" first="Jason M" last="Hall-Spencer">Jason M. Hall-Spencer</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Marine Biology and Ecology Research Centre, School of Marine Sciences and Engineering, Plymouth University PL4 8AA, UK.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Ecology and evolution</title><idno type="ISSN">2045-7758</idno><imprint><date when="2014" type="published">2014</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">Seaweed and seagrass communities in the northeast Atlantic have been profoundly impacted by humans, and the rate of change is accelerating rapidly due to runaway CO2 emissions and mounting pressures on coastlines associated with human population growth and increased consumption of finite resources. Here, we predict how rapid warming and acidification are likely to affect benthic flora and coastal ecosystems of the northeast Atlantic in this century, based on global evidence from the literature as interpreted by the collective knowledge of the authorship. We predict that warming will kill off kelp forests in the south and that ocean acidification will remove maerl habitat in the north. Seagrasses will proliferate, and associated epiphytes switch from calcified algae to diatoms and filamentous species. Invasive species will thrive in niches liberated by loss of native species and spread via exponential development of artificial marine structures. Combined impacts of seawater warming, ocean acidification, and increased storminess may replace structurally diverse seaweed canopies, with associated calcified and noncalcified flora, with simple habitats dominated by noncalcified, turf-forming seaweeds.</div></front></TEI><pubmed><MedlineCitation Status="PubMed-not-MEDLINE" Owner="NLM"><PMID Version="1">25077027</PMID><DateCreated><Year>2014</Year><Month>07</Month><Day>31</Day></DateCreated><DateCompleted><Year>2014</Year><Month>07</Month><Day>31</Day></DateCompleted><DateRevised><Year>2017</Year><Month>02</Month><Day>20</Day></DateRevised><Article PubModel="Print-Electronic"><Journal><ISSN IssnType="Print">2045-7758</ISSN><JournalIssue CitedMedium="Print"><Volume>4</Volume><Issue>13</Issue><PubDate><Year>2014</Year><Month>Jul</Month></PubDate></JournalIssue><Title>Ecology and evolution</Title><ISOAbbreviation>Ecol Evol</ISOAbbreviation></Journal><ArticleTitle>The future of the northeast Atlantic benthic flora in a high CO2 world.</ArticleTitle><Pagination><MedlinePgn>2787-98</MedlinePgn></Pagination><ELocationID EIdType="doi" ValidYN="Y">10.1002/ece3.1105</ELocationID><Abstract><AbstractText>Seaweed and seagrass communities in the northeast Atlantic have been profoundly impacted by humans, and the rate of change is accelerating rapidly due to runaway CO2 emissions and mounting pressures on coastlines associated with human population growth and increased consumption of finite resources. Here, we predict how rapid warming and acidification are likely to affect benthic flora and coastal ecosystems of the northeast Atlantic in this century, based on global evidence from the literature as interpreted by the collective knowledge of the authorship. We predict that warming will kill off kelp forests in the south and that ocean acidification will remove maerl habitat in the north. Seagrasses will proliferate, and associated epiphytes switch from calcified algae to diatoms and filamentous species. Invasive species will thrive in niches liberated by loss of native species and spread via exponential development of artificial marine structures. Combined impacts of seawater warming, ocean acidification, and increased storminess may replace structurally diverse seaweed canopies, with associated calcified and noncalcified flora, with simple habitats dominated by noncalcified, turf-forming seaweeds.</AbstractText></Abstract><AuthorList CompleteYN="Y"><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Brodie</LastName><ForeName>Juliet</ForeName><Initials>J</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Life Sciences, The Natural History Museum Cromwell Road, London, SW7 5BD, UK.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Williamson</LastName><ForeName>Christopher J</ForeName><Initials>CJ</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Life Sciences, The Natural History Museum Cromwell Road, London, SW7 5BD, UK ; School of Earth and Ocean Sciences, Cardiff University Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff, CF10 3YE, UK.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Smale</LastName><ForeName>Dan A</ForeName><Initials>DA</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Marine Biological Association of the UK Citadel Hill, Plymouth, PL1 2PB, UK ; Ocean and Earth Science, National Oceanography Centre, University of Southampton Waterfront Campus, European Way, Southampton, SO14 3ZH, UK.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Kamenos</LastName><ForeName>Nicholas A</ForeName><Initials>NA</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>School of Geographical and Earth Sciences, University of Glasgow Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Mieszkowska</LastName><ForeName>Nova</ForeName><Initials>N</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Marine Biological Association of the UK Citadel Hill, Plymouth, PL1 2PB, UK.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Santos</LastName><ForeName>Rui</ForeName><Initials>R</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Marine Plant Ecology Research Group (ALGAE), Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR), University of Algarve Campus of Gambelas, Faro, 8005-139, Portugal.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Cunliffe</LastName><ForeName>Michael</ForeName><Initials>M</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Marine Biological Association of the UK Citadel Hill, Plymouth, PL1 2PB, UK.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Steinke</LastName><ForeName>Michael</ForeName><Initials>M</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>School of Biological Sciences, University of Essex Colchester, CO4 3SQ, UK.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Yesson</LastName><ForeName>Christopher</ForeName><Initials>C</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Life Sciences, The Natural History Museum Cromwell Road, London, SW7 5BD, UK ; Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society of London Regent's Park, London, NW1 4RY, UK.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Anderson</LastName><ForeName>Kathryn M</ForeName><Initials>KM</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Zoology, The University of British Columbia #4200-6270 University Blvd., Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z4, Canada.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Asnaghi</LastName><ForeName>Valentina</ForeName><Initials>V</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>DiSTAV - University of Genoa C.so Europa 26, Genoa, 16132, Italy.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Brownlee</LastName><ForeName>Colin</ForeName><Initials>C</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Marine Biological Association of the UK Citadel Hill, Plymouth, PL1 2PB, UK.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Burdett</LastName><ForeName>Heidi L</ForeName><Initials>HL</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of St Andrews St Andrews, Fife, KY16 9AL, UK ; Scottish Oceans Institute, University of St Andrews St Andrews, Fife, KY16 8LB, UK.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Burrows</LastName><ForeName>Michael T</ForeName><Initials>MT</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Scottish Marine Institute Oban, Argyll, PA37 1QA, UK.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Collins</LastName><ForeName>Sinead</ForeName><Initials>S</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Institute of Evolutionary Biology, University of Edinburgh The King's Building, West Mains Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3JT, UK.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Donohue</LastName><ForeName>Penelope J C</ForeName><Initials>PJ</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>School of Geographical and Earth Sciences, University of Glasgow Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Harvey</LastName><ForeName>Ben</ForeName><Initials>B</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Institute of Biology, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University Aberystwyth, UK.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Foggo</LastName><ForeName>Andrew</ForeName><Initials>A</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Marine Biology and Ecology Research Centre, School of Marine Sciences and Engineering, Plymouth University PL4 8AA, UK.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Noisette</LastName><ForeName>Fanny</ForeName><Initials>F</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>CNRS, UMR 7144, Station Biologique de Roscoff, Place Georges Teissier, Roscoff Cedex, 29688, France ; 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Paris 6, UMR 7144 Station Biologique de Roscoff, Place Georges Teissier, Roscoff Cedex, 29688, France.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Nunes</LastName><ForeName>Joana</ForeName><Initials>J</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Plymouth Marine Laboratory Prospect Place, The Hoe, Plymouth, PL1 3DH, UK.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Ragazzola</LastName><ForeName>Federica</ForeName><Initials>F</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>School of Earth Sciences, University of Bristol Wills Memorial Building, Queen's Road, Bristol, BS8 1RJ, UK.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Raven</LastName><ForeName>John A</ForeName><Initials>JA</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Division of Plant Science, University of Dundee at the James Hutton Institute Invergowrie, Dundee, DD2 5DA, UK ; Plant Functional Biology and Climate Change Cluster, University of Technology Sydney Ultimo, NSW 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gases</Keyword></KeywordList></MedlineCitation><PubmedData><History><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="received"><Year>2014</Year><Month>01</Month><Day>31</Day></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="revised"><Year>2014</Year><Month>04</Month><Day>15</Day></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="accepted"><Year>2014</Year><Month>04</Month><Day>22</Day></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="entrez"><Year>2014</Year><Month>8</Month><Day>1</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="pubmed"><Year>2014</Year><Month>8</Month><Day>1</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="medline"><Year>2014</Year><Month>8</Month><Day>1</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>1</Minute></PubMedPubDate></History><PublicationStatus>ppublish</PublicationStatus><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">25077027</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="doi">10.1002/ece3.1105</ArticleId><ArticleId 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