Gremlin 1 identifies a skeletal stem cell with bone, cartilage, and reticular stromal potential.
Identifieur interne : 003114 ( PubMed/Corpus ); précédent : 003113; suivant : 003115Gremlin 1 identifies a skeletal stem cell with bone, cartilage, and reticular stromal potential.
Auteurs : Daniel L. Worthley ; Michael Churchill ; Jocelyn T. Compton ; Yagnesh Tailor ; Meenakshi Rao ; Yiling Si ; Daniel Levin ; Matthew G. Schwartz ; Aysu Uygur ; Yoku Hayakawa ; Stefanie Gross ; Bernhard W. Renz ; Wanda Setlik ; Ashley N. Martinez ; Xiaowei Chen ; Saqib Nizami ; Heon Goo Lee ; H Paco Kang ; Jon-Michael Caldwell ; Samuel Asfaha ; C Benedikt Westphalen ; Trevor Graham ; Guangchun Jin ; Karan Nagar ; Hongshan Wang ; Mazen A. Kheirbek ; Alka Kolhe ; Jared Carpenter ; Mark Glaire ; Abhinav Nair ; Simon Renders ; Nicholas Manieri ; Sureshkumar Muthupalani ; James G. Fox ; Maximilian Reichert ; Andrew S. Giraud ; Robert F. Schwabe ; Jean-Phillipe Pradere ; Katherine Walton ; Ajay Prakash ; Deborah Gumucio ; Anil K. Rustgi ; Thaddeus S. Stappenbeck ; Richard A. Friedman ; Michael D. Gershon ; Peter Sims ; Tracy Grikscheit ; Francis Y. Lee ; Gerard Karsenty ; Siddhartha Mukherjee ; Timothy C. WangSource :
- Cell [ 1097-4172 ] ; 2015.
English descriptors
- KwdEn :
- MESH :
- chemical , metabolism : Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins.
- cytology : Bone and Bones, Intestine, Small, Mesenchymal Stromal Cells.
- metabolism : Cartilage, Intestine, Small, Mesenchymal Stromal Cells.
- Animals, Mice, Mice, Inbred C57BL.
Abstract
The stem cells that maintain and repair the postnatal skeleton remain undefined. One model suggests that perisinusoidal mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) give rise to osteoblasts, chondrocytes, marrow stromal cells, and adipocytes, although the existence of these cells has not been proven through fate-mapping experiments. We demonstrate here that expression of the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) antagonist gremlin 1 defines a population of osteochondroreticular (OCR) stem cells in the bone marrow. OCR stem cells self-renew and generate osteoblasts, chondrocytes, and reticular marrow stromal cells, but not adipocytes. OCR stem cells are concentrated within the metaphysis of long bones not in the perisinusoidal space and are needed for bone development, bone remodeling, and fracture repair. Grem1 expression also identifies intestinal reticular stem cells (iRSCs) that are cells of origin for the periepithelial intestinal mesenchymal sheath. Grem1 expression identifies distinct connective tissue stem cells in both the bone (OCR stem cells) and the intestine (iRSCs).
DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2014.11.042
PubMed: 25594183
Links to Exploration step
pubmed:25594183Le document en format XML
<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Gremlin 1 identifies a skeletal stem cell with bone, cartilage, and reticular stromal potential.</title><author><name sortKey="Worthley, Daniel L" sort="Worthley, Daniel L" uniqKey="Worthley D" first="Daniel L" last="Worthley">Daniel L. Worthley</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Medicine and Irving Cancer Research Center, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia; Cancer theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, SA, 5001, Australia; Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Vic., 3052, Australia.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Churchill, Michael" sort="Churchill, Michael" uniqKey="Churchill M" first="Michael" last="Churchill">Michael Churchill</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Medicine and Irving Cancer Research Center, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Compton, Jocelyn T" sort="Compton, Jocelyn T" uniqKey="Compton J" first="Jocelyn T" last="Compton">Jocelyn T. Compton</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tailor, Yagnesh" sort="Tailor, Yagnesh" uniqKey="Tailor Y" first="Yagnesh" last="Tailor">Yagnesh Tailor</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Medicine and Irving Cancer Research Center, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rao, Meenakshi" sort="Rao, Meenakshi" uniqKey="Rao M" first="Meenakshi" last="Rao">Meenakshi Rao</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Si, Yiling" sort="Si, Yiling" uniqKey="Si Y" first="Yiling" last="Si">Yiling Si</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Medicine and Irving Cancer Research Center, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Levin, Daniel" sort="Levin, Daniel" uniqKey="Levin D" first="Daniel" last="Levin">Daniel Levin</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Saban Research Institute, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Schwartz, Matthew G" sort="Schwartz, Matthew G" uniqKey="Schwartz M" first="Matthew G" last="Schwartz">Matthew G. Schwartz</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Uygur, Aysu" sort="Uygur, Aysu" uniqKey="Uygur A" first="Aysu" last="Uygur">Aysu Uygur</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hayakawa, Yoku" sort="Hayakawa, Yoku" uniqKey="Hayakawa Y" first="Yoku" last="Hayakawa">Yoku Hayakawa</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Medicine and Irving Cancer Research Center, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gross, Stefanie" sort="Gross, Stefanie" uniqKey="Gross S" first="Stefanie" last="Gross">Stefanie Gross</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Renz, Bernhard W" sort="Renz, Bernhard W" uniqKey="Renz B" first="Bernhard W" last="Renz">Bernhard W. Renz</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Medicine and Irving Cancer Research Center, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Setlik, Wanda" sort="Setlik, Wanda" uniqKey="Setlik W" first="Wanda" last="Setlik">Wanda Setlik</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Martinez, Ashley N" sort="Martinez, Ashley N" uniqKey="Martinez A" first="Ashley N" last="Martinez">Ashley N. Martinez</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chen, Xiaowei" sort="Chen, Xiaowei" uniqKey="Chen X" first="Xiaowei" last="Chen">Xiaowei Chen</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Medicine and Irving Cancer Research Center, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Nizami, Saqib" sort="Nizami, Saqib" uniqKey="Nizami S" first="Saqib" last="Nizami">Saqib Nizami</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lee, Heon Goo" sort="Lee, Heon Goo" uniqKey="Lee H" first="Heon Goo" last="Lee">Heon Goo Lee</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kang, H Paco" sort="Kang, H Paco" uniqKey="Kang H" first="H Paco" last="Kang">H Paco Kang</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Caldwell, Jon Michael" sort="Caldwell, Jon Michael" uniqKey="Caldwell J" first="Jon-Michael" last="Caldwell">Jon-Michael Caldwell</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Asfaha, Samuel" sort="Asfaha, Samuel" uniqKey="Asfaha S" first="Samuel" last="Asfaha">Samuel Asfaha</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Medicine and Irving Cancer Research Center, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Westphalen, C Benedikt" sort="Westphalen, C Benedikt" uniqKey="Westphalen C" first="C Benedikt" last="Westphalen">C Benedikt Westphalen</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Medicine and Irving Cancer Research Center, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich - Campus Groβhadern, Munich 81377, Germany.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Graham, Trevor" sort="Graham, Trevor" uniqKey="Graham T" first="Trevor" last="Graham">Trevor Graham</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Barts Cancer Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, UK.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Jin, Guangchun" sort="Jin, Guangchun" uniqKey="Jin G" first="Guangchun" last="Jin">Guangchun Jin</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Medicine and Irving Cancer Research Center, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Nagar, Karan" sort="Nagar, Karan" uniqKey="Nagar K" first="Karan" last="Nagar">Karan Nagar</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Medicine and Irving Cancer Research Center, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wang, Hongshan" sort="Wang, Hongshan" uniqKey="Wang H" first="Hongshan" last="Wang">Hongshan Wang</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Medicine and Irving Cancer Research Center, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kheirbek, Mazen A" sort="Kheirbek, Mazen A" uniqKey="Kheirbek M" first="Mazen A" last="Kheirbek">Mazen A. Kheirbek</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kolhe, Alka" sort="Kolhe, Alka" uniqKey="Kolhe A" first="Alka" last="Kolhe">Alka Kolhe</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Medicine and Irving Cancer Research Center, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Carpenter, Jared" sort="Carpenter, Jared" uniqKey="Carpenter J" first="Jared" last="Carpenter">Jared Carpenter</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Medicine and Irving Cancer Research Center, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Glaire, Mark" sort="Glaire, Mark" uniqKey="Glaire M" first="Mark" last="Glaire">Mark Glaire</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Medicine and Irving Cancer Research Center, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Nair, Abhinav" sort="Nair, Abhinav" uniqKey="Nair A" first="Abhinav" last="Nair">Abhinav Nair</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Medicine and Irving Cancer Research Center, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Renders, Simon" sort="Renders, Simon" uniqKey="Renders S" first="Simon" last="Renders">Simon Renders</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Medicine and Irving Cancer Research Center, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Manieri, Nicholas" sort="Manieri, Nicholas" uniqKey="Manieri N" first="Nicholas" last="Manieri">Nicholas Manieri</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Muthupalani, Sureshkumar" sort="Muthupalani, Sureshkumar" uniqKey="Muthupalani S" first="Sureshkumar" last="Muthupalani">Sureshkumar Muthupalani</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Division of Comparative Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Fox, James G" sort="Fox, James G" uniqKey="Fox J" first="James G" last="Fox">James G. Fox</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Division of Comparative Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Reichert, Maximilian" sort="Reichert, Maximilian" uniqKey="Reichert M" first="Maximilian" last="Reichert">Maximilian Reichert</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Division of Gastroenterology, Departments of Medicine and Genetics, Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Giraud, Andrew S" sort="Giraud, Andrew S" uniqKey="Giraud A" first="Andrew S" last="Giraud">Andrew S. Giraud</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Vic., 3052, Australia.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Schwabe, Robert F" sort="Schwabe, Robert F" uniqKey="Schwabe R" first="Robert F" last="Schwabe">Robert F. Schwabe</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Medicine and Irving Cancer Research Center, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pradere, Jean Phillipe" sort="Pradere, Jean Phillipe" uniqKey="Pradere J" first="Jean-Phillipe" last="Pradere">Jean-Phillipe Pradere</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Medicine and Irving Cancer Research Center, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université Paul Sabatier, Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires (I2MC)- UMR1048, Toulouse 31432, France.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Walton, Katherine" sort="Walton, Katherine" uniqKey="Walton K" first="Katherine" last="Walton">Katherine Walton</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Prakash, Ajay" sort="Prakash, Ajay" uniqKey="Prakash A" first="Ajay" last="Prakash">Ajay Prakash</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gumucio, Deborah" sort="Gumucio, Deborah" uniqKey="Gumucio D" first="Deborah" last="Gumucio">Deborah Gumucio</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rustgi, Anil K" sort="Rustgi, Anil K" uniqKey="Rustgi A" first="Anil K" last="Rustgi">Anil K. Rustgi</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Division of Gastroenterology, Departments of Medicine and Genetics, Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Stappenbeck, Thaddeus S" sort="Stappenbeck, Thaddeus S" uniqKey="Stappenbeck T" first="Thaddeus S" last="Stappenbeck">Thaddeus S. Stappenbeck</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Friedman, Richard A" sort="Friedman, Richard A" uniqKey="Friedman R" first="Richard A" last="Friedman">Richard A. Friedman</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center Biomedical Informatics Shared Resource and Department of Biomedical Informatics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gershon, Michael D" sort="Gershon, Michael D" uniqKey="Gershon M" first="Michael D" last="Gershon">Michael D. Gershon</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sims, Peter" sort="Sims, Peter" uniqKey="Sims P" first="Peter" last="Sims">Peter Sims</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University, NY, 10032, USA.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Grikscheit, Tracy" sort="Grikscheit, Tracy" uniqKey="Grikscheit T" first="Tracy" last="Grikscheit">Tracy Grikscheit</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Saban Research Institute, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lee, Francis Y" sort="Lee, Francis Y" uniqKey="Lee F" first="Francis Y" last="Lee">Francis Y. Lee</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Karsenty, Gerard" sort="Karsenty, Gerard" uniqKey="Karsenty G" first="Gerard" last="Karsenty">Gerard Karsenty</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mukherjee, Siddhartha" sort="Mukherjee, Siddhartha" uniqKey="Mukherjee S" first="Siddhartha" last="Mukherjee">Siddhartha Mukherjee</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Medicine and Irving Cancer Research Center, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA. Electronic address: sm3252@columbia.edu.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wang, Timothy C" sort="Wang, Timothy C" uniqKey="Wang T" first="Timothy C" last="Wang">Timothy C. Wang</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Medicine and Irving Cancer Research Center, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA. Electronic address: tcw21@columbia.edu.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PubMed</idno><date when="2015">2015</date><idno type="RBID">pubmed:25594183</idno><idno type="pmid">25594183</idno><idno type="doi">10.1016/j.cell.2014.11.042</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/PubMed/Corpus">003114</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="PubMed" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PubMed">003114</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en">Gremlin 1 identifies a skeletal stem cell with bone, cartilage, and reticular stromal potential.</title><author><name sortKey="Worthley, Daniel L" sort="Worthley, Daniel L" uniqKey="Worthley D" first="Daniel L" last="Worthley">Daniel L. Worthley</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Medicine and Irving Cancer Research Center, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia; Cancer theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, SA, 5001, Australia; Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Vic., 3052, Australia.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Churchill, Michael" sort="Churchill, Michael" uniqKey="Churchill M" first="Michael" last="Churchill">Michael Churchill</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Medicine and Irving Cancer Research Center, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Compton, Jocelyn T" sort="Compton, Jocelyn T" uniqKey="Compton J" first="Jocelyn T" last="Compton">Jocelyn T. Compton</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tailor, Yagnesh" sort="Tailor, Yagnesh" uniqKey="Tailor Y" first="Yagnesh" last="Tailor">Yagnesh Tailor</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Medicine and Irving Cancer Research Center, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rao, Meenakshi" sort="Rao, Meenakshi" uniqKey="Rao M" first="Meenakshi" last="Rao">Meenakshi Rao</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Si, Yiling" sort="Si, Yiling" uniqKey="Si Y" first="Yiling" last="Si">Yiling Si</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Medicine and Irving Cancer Research Center, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Levin, Daniel" sort="Levin, Daniel" uniqKey="Levin D" first="Daniel" last="Levin">Daniel Levin</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Saban Research Institute, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Schwartz, Matthew G" sort="Schwartz, Matthew G" uniqKey="Schwartz M" first="Matthew G" last="Schwartz">Matthew G. Schwartz</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Uygur, Aysu" sort="Uygur, Aysu" uniqKey="Uygur A" first="Aysu" last="Uygur">Aysu Uygur</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hayakawa, Yoku" sort="Hayakawa, Yoku" uniqKey="Hayakawa Y" first="Yoku" last="Hayakawa">Yoku Hayakawa</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Medicine and Irving Cancer Research Center, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gross, Stefanie" sort="Gross, Stefanie" uniqKey="Gross S" first="Stefanie" last="Gross">Stefanie Gross</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Renz, Bernhard W" sort="Renz, Bernhard W" uniqKey="Renz B" first="Bernhard W" last="Renz">Bernhard W. Renz</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Medicine and Irving Cancer Research Center, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Setlik, Wanda" sort="Setlik, Wanda" uniqKey="Setlik W" first="Wanda" last="Setlik">Wanda Setlik</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Martinez, Ashley N" sort="Martinez, Ashley N" uniqKey="Martinez A" first="Ashley N" last="Martinez">Ashley N. Martinez</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chen, Xiaowei" sort="Chen, Xiaowei" uniqKey="Chen X" first="Xiaowei" last="Chen">Xiaowei Chen</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Medicine and Irving Cancer Research Center, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Nizami, Saqib" sort="Nizami, Saqib" uniqKey="Nizami S" first="Saqib" last="Nizami">Saqib Nizami</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lee, Heon Goo" sort="Lee, Heon Goo" uniqKey="Lee H" first="Heon Goo" last="Lee">Heon Goo Lee</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kang, H Paco" sort="Kang, H Paco" uniqKey="Kang H" first="H Paco" last="Kang">H Paco Kang</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Caldwell, Jon Michael" sort="Caldwell, Jon Michael" uniqKey="Caldwell J" first="Jon-Michael" last="Caldwell">Jon-Michael Caldwell</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Asfaha, Samuel" sort="Asfaha, Samuel" uniqKey="Asfaha S" first="Samuel" last="Asfaha">Samuel Asfaha</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Medicine and Irving Cancer Research Center, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Westphalen, C Benedikt" sort="Westphalen, C Benedikt" uniqKey="Westphalen C" first="C Benedikt" last="Westphalen">C Benedikt Westphalen</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Medicine and Irving Cancer Research Center, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich - Campus Groβhadern, Munich 81377, Germany.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Graham, Trevor" sort="Graham, Trevor" uniqKey="Graham T" first="Trevor" last="Graham">Trevor Graham</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Barts Cancer Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, UK.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Jin, Guangchun" sort="Jin, Guangchun" uniqKey="Jin G" first="Guangchun" last="Jin">Guangchun Jin</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Medicine and Irving Cancer Research Center, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Nagar, Karan" sort="Nagar, Karan" uniqKey="Nagar K" first="Karan" last="Nagar">Karan Nagar</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Medicine and Irving Cancer Research Center, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wang, Hongshan" sort="Wang, Hongshan" uniqKey="Wang H" first="Hongshan" last="Wang">Hongshan Wang</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Medicine and Irving Cancer Research Center, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kheirbek, Mazen A" sort="Kheirbek, Mazen A" uniqKey="Kheirbek M" first="Mazen A" last="Kheirbek">Mazen A. Kheirbek</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kolhe, Alka" sort="Kolhe, Alka" uniqKey="Kolhe A" first="Alka" last="Kolhe">Alka Kolhe</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Medicine and Irving Cancer Research Center, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Carpenter, Jared" sort="Carpenter, Jared" uniqKey="Carpenter J" first="Jared" last="Carpenter">Jared Carpenter</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Medicine and Irving Cancer Research Center, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Glaire, Mark" sort="Glaire, Mark" uniqKey="Glaire M" first="Mark" last="Glaire">Mark Glaire</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Medicine and Irving Cancer Research Center, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Nair, Abhinav" sort="Nair, Abhinav" uniqKey="Nair A" first="Abhinav" last="Nair">Abhinav Nair</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Medicine and Irving Cancer Research Center, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Renders, Simon" sort="Renders, Simon" uniqKey="Renders S" first="Simon" last="Renders">Simon Renders</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Medicine and Irving Cancer Research Center, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Manieri, Nicholas" sort="Manieri, Nicholas" uniqKey="Manieri N" first="Nicholas" last="Manieri">Nicholas Manieri</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Muthupalani, Sureshkumar" sort="Muthupalani, Sureshkumar" uniqKey="Muthupalani S" first="Sureshkumar" last="Muthupalani">Sureshkumar Muthupalani</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Division of Comparative Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Fox, James G" sort="Fox, James G" uniqKey="Fox J" first="James G" last="Fox">James G. Fox</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Division of Comparative Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Reichert, Maximilian" sort="Reichert, Maximilian" uniqKey="Reichert M" first="Maximilian" last="Reichert">Maximilian Reichert</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Division of Gastroenterology, Departments of Medicine and Genetics, Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Giraud, Andrew S" sort="Giraud, Andrew S" uniqKey="Giraud A" first="Andrew S" last="Giraud">Andrew S. Giraud</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Vic., 3052, Australia.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Schwabe, Robert F" sort="Schwabe, Robert F" uniqKey="Schwabe R" first="Robert F" last="Schwabe">Robert F. Schwabe</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Medicine and Irving Cancer Research Center, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pradere, Jean Phillipe" sort="Pradere, Jean Phillipe" uniqKey="Pradere J" first="Jean-Phillipe" last="Pradere">Jean-Phillipe Pradere</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Medicine and Irving Cancer Research Center, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université Paul Sabatier, Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires (I2MC)- UMR1048, Toulouse 31432, France.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Walton, Katherine" sort="Walton, Katherine" uniqKey="Walton K" first="Katherine" last="Walton">Katherine Walton</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Prakash, Ajay" sort="Prakash, Ajay" uniqKey="Prakash A" first="Ajay" last="Prakash">Ajay Prakash</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gumucio, Deborah" sort="Gumucio, Deborah" uniqKey="Gumucio D" first="Deborah" last="Gumucio">Deborah Gumucio</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rustgi, Anil K" sort="Rustgi, Anil K" uniqKey="Rustgi A" first="Anil K" last="Rustgi">Anil K. Rustgi</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Division of Gastroenterology, Departments of Medicine and Genetics, Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Stappenbeck, Thaddeus S" sort="Stappenbeck, Thaddeus S" uniqKey="Stappenbeck T" first="Thaddeus S" last="Stappenbeck">Thaddeus S. Stappenbeck</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Friedman, Richard A" sort="Friedman, Richard A" uniqKey="Friedman R" first="Richard A" last="Friedman">Richard A. Friedman</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center Biomedical Informatics Shared Resource and Department of Biomedical Informatics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gershon, Michael D" sort="Gershon, Michael D" uniqKey="Gershon M" first="Michael D" last="Gershon">Michael D. Gershon</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sims, Peter" sort="Sims, Peter" uniqKey="Sims P" first="Peter" last="Sims">Peter Sims</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University, NY, 10032, USA.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Grikscheit, Tracy" sort="Grikscheit, Tracy" uniqKey="Grikscheit T" first="Tracy" last="Grikscheit">Tracy Grikscheit</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Saban Research Institute, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lee, Francis Y" sort="Lee, Francis Y" uniqKey="Lee F" first="Francis Y" last="Lee">Francis Y. Lee</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Karsenty, Gerard" sort="Karsenty, Gerard" uniqKey="Karsenty G" first="Gerard" last="Karsenty">Gerard Karsenty</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mukherjee, Siddhartha" sort="Mukherjee, Siddhartha" uniqKey="Mukherjee S" first="Siddhartha" last="Mukherjee">Siddhartha Mukherjee</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Medicine and Irving Cancer Research Center, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA. Electronic address: sm3252@columbia.edu.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wang, Timothy C" sort="Wang, Timothy C" uniqKey="Wang T" first="Timothy C" last="Wang">Timothy C. Wang</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Medicine and Irving Cancer Research Center, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA. Electronic address: tcw21@columbia.edu.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Cell</title><idno type="eISSN">1097-4172</idno><imprint><date when="2015" type="published">2015</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Animals</term><term>Bone and Bones (cytology)</term><term>Cartilage (metabolism)</term><term>Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins (metabolism)</term><term>Intestine, Small (cytology)</term><term>Intestine, Small (metabolism)</term><term>Mesenchymal Stromal Cells (cytology)</term><term>Mesenchymal Stromal Cells (metabolism)</term><term>Mice</term><term>Mice, Inbred C57BL</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" type="chemical" qualifier="metabolism" xml:lang="en"><term>Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="cytology" xml:lang="en"><term>Bone and Bones</term><term>Intestine, Small</term><term>Mesenchymal Stromal Cells</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="metabolism" xml:lang="en"><term>Cartilage</term><term>Intestine, Small</term><term>Mesenchymal Stromal Cells</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="en"><term>Animals</term><term>Mice</term><term>Mice, Inbred C57BL</term></keywords></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">The stem cells that maintain and repair the postnatal skeleton remain undefined. One model suggests that perisinusoidal mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) give rise to osteoblasts, chondrocytes, marrow stromal cells, and adipocytes, although the existence of these cells has not been proven through fate-mapping experiments. We demonstrate here that expression of the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) antagonist gremlin 1 defines a population of osteochondroreticular (OCR) stem cells in the bone marrow. OCR stem cells self-renew and generate osteoblasts, chondrocytes, and reticular marrow stromal cells, but not adipocytes. OCR stem cells are concentrated within the metaphysis of long bones not in the perisinusoidal space and are needed for bone development, bone remodeling, and fracture repair. Grem1 expression also identifies intestinal reticular stem cells (iRSCs) that are cells of origin for the periepithelial intestinal mesenchymal sheath. Grem1 expression identifies distinct connective tissue stem cells in both the bone (OCR stem cells) and the intestine (iRSCs).</div></front></TEI><pubmed><MedlineCitation Status="MEDLINE" Owner="NLM"><PMID Version="1">25594183</PMID><DateCreated><Year>2015</Year><Month>01</Month><Day>17</Day></DateCreated><DateCompleted><Year>2015</Year><Month>04</Month><Day>07</Day></DateCompleted><DateRevised><Year>2016</Year><Month>10</Month><Day>19</Day></DateRevised><Article PubModel="Print"><Journal><ISSN IssnType="Electronic">1097-4172</ISSN><JournalIssue CitedMedium="Internet"><Volume>160</Volume><Issue>1-2</Issue><PubDate><Year>2015</Year><Month>Jan</Month><Day>15</Day></PubDate></JournalIssue><Title>Cell</Title><ISOAbbreviation>Cell</ISOAbbreviation></Journal><ArticleTitle>Gremlin 1 identifies a skeletal stem cell with bone, cartilage, and reticular stromal potential.</ArticleTitle><Pagination><MedlinePgn>269-84</MedlinePgn></Pagination><ELocationID EIdType="doi" ValidYN="Y">10.1016/j.cell.2014.11.042</ELocationID><ELocationID EIdType="pii" ValidYN="Y">S0092-8674(14)01519-0</ELocationID><Abstract><AbstractText>The stem cells that maintain and repair the postnatal skeleton remain undefined. One model suggests that perisinusoidal mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) give rise to osteoblasts, chondrocytes, marrow stromal cells, and adipocytes, although the existence of these cells has not been proven through fate-mapping experiments. We demonstrate here that expression of the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) antagonist gremlin 1 defines a population of osteochondroreticular (OCR) stem cells in the bone marrow. OCR stem cells self-renew and generate osteoblasts, chondrocytes, and reticular marrow stromal cells, but not adipocytes. OCR stem cells are concentrated within the metaphysis of long bones not in the perisinusoidal space and are needed for bone development, bone remodeling, and fracture repair. Grem1 expression also identifies intestinal reticular stem cells (iRSCs) that are cells of origin for the periepithelial intestinal mesenchymal sheath. Grem1 expression identifies distinct connective tissue stem cells in both the bone (OCR stem cells) and the intestine (iRSCs).</AbstractText><CopyrightInformation>Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.</CopyrightInformation></Abstract><AuthorList CompleteYN="Y"><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Worthley</LastName><ForeName>Daniel L</ForeName><Initials>DL</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Medicine and Irving Cancer Research Center, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia; Cancer theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, SA, 5001, Australia; Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Vic., 3052, Australia.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Churchill</LastName><ForeName>Michael</ForeName><Initials>M</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Medicine and Irving Cancer Research Center, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Compton</LastName><ForeName>Jocelyn T</ForeName><Initials>JT</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Tailor</LastName><ForeName>Yagnesh</ForeName><Initials>Y</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Medicine and Irving Cancer Research Center, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Rao</LastName><ForeName>Meenakshi</ForeName><Initials>M</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Si</LastName><ForeName>Yiling</ForeName><Initials>Y</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Medicine and Irving Cancer Research Center, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Levin</LastName><ForeName>Daniel</ForeName><Initials>D</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Saban Research Institute, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Schwartz</LastName><ForeName>Matthew G</ForeName><Initials>MG</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Uygur</LastName><ForeName>Aysu</ForeName><Initials>A</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Hayakawa</LastName><ForeName>Yoku</ForeName><Initials>Y</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Medicine and Irving Cancer Research Center, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Gross</LastName><ForeName>Stefanie</ForeName><Initials>S</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Renz</LastName><ForeName>Bernhard W</ForeName><Initials>BW</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Medicine and Irving Cancer Research Center, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Setlik</LastName><ForeName>Wanda</ForeName><Initials>W</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Martinez</LastName><ForeName>Ashley N</ForeName><Initials>AN</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Chen</LastName><ForeName>Xiaowei</ForeName><Initials>X</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Medicine and Irving Cancer Research Center, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Nizami</LastName><ForeName>Saqib</ForeName><Initials>S</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Lee</LastName><ForeName>Heon Goo</ForeName><Initials>HG</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Kang</LastName><ForeName>H Paco</ForeName><Initials>HP</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Caldwell</LastName><ForeName>Jon-Michael</ForeName><Initials>JM</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Asfaha</LastName><ForeName>Samuel</ForeName><Initials>S</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Medicine and Irving Cancer Research Center, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Westphalen</LastName><ForeName>C Benedikt</ForeName><Initials>CB</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Medicine and Irving Cancer Research Center, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich - Campus Groβhadern, Munich 81377, Germany.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Graham</LastName><ForeName>Trevor</ForeName><Initials>T</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Barts Cancer Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, UK.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Jin</LastName><ForeName>Guangchun</ForeName><Initials>G</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Medicine and Irving Cancer Research Center, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Nagar</LastName><ForeName>Karan</ForeName><Initials>K</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Medicine and Irving Cancer Research Center, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Wang</LastName><ForeName>Hongshan</ForeName><Initials>H</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Medicine and Irving Cancer Research Center, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Kheirbek</LastName><ForeName>Mazen A</ForeName><Initials>MA</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Kolhe</LastName><ForeName>Alka</ForeName><Initials>A</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Medicine and Irving Cancer Research Center, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Carpenter</LastName><ForeName>Jared</ForeName><Initials>J</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Medicine and Irving Cancer Research Center, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Glaire</LastName><ForeName>Mark</ForeName><Initials>M</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Medicine and Irving Cancer Research Center, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Nair</LastName><ForeName>Abhinav</ForeName><Initials>A</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Medicine and Irving Cancer Research Center, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Renders</LastName><ForeName>Simon</ForeName><Initials>S</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Medicine and Irving Cancer Research Center, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Manieri</LastName><ForeName>Nicholas</ForeName><Initials>N</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Muthupalani</LastName><ForeName>Sureshkumar</ForeName><Initials>S</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Division of Comparative Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Fox</LastName><ForeName>James G</ForeName><Initials>JG</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Division of Comparative Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Reichert</LastName><ForeName>Maximilian</ForeName><Initials>M</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Division of Gastroenterology, Departments of Medicine and Genetics, Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Giraud</LastName><ForeName>Andrew S</ForeName><Initials>AS</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Vic., 3052, Australia.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Schwabe</LastName><ForeName>Robert F</ForeName><Initials>RF</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Medicine and Irving Cancer Research Center, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Pradere</LastName><ForeName>Jean-Phillipe</ForeName><Initials>JP</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Medicine and Irving Cancer Research Center, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université Paul Sabatier, Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires (I2MC)- UMR1048, Toulouse 31432, France.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Walton</LastName><ForeName>Katherine</ForeName><Initials>K</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Prakash</LastName><ForeName>Ajay</ForeName><Initials>A</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Gumucio</LastName><ForeName>Deborah</ForeName><Initials>D</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Rustgi</LastName><ForeName>Anil K</ForeName><Initials>AK</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Division of Gastroenterology, Departments of Medicine and Genetics, Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Stappenbeck</LastName><ForeName>Thaddeus S</ForeName><Initials>TS</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Friedman</LastName><ForeName>Richard A</ForeName><Initials>RA</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center Biomedical Informatics Shared Resource and Department of Biomedical Informatics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Gershon</LastName><ForeName>Michael D</ForeName><Initials>MD</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Sims</LastName><ForeName>Peter</ForeName><Initials>P</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University, NY, 10032, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Grikscheit</LastName><ForeName>Tracy</ForeName><Initials>T</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Saban Research Institute, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Lee</LastName><ForeName>Francis Y</ForeName><Initials>FY</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Karsenty</LastName><ForeName>Gerard</ForeName><Initials>G</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Mukherjee</LastName><ForeName>Siddhartha</ForeName><Initials>S</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Medicine and Irving Cancer Research Center, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA. Electronic address: sm3252@columbia.edu.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Wang</LastName><ForeName>Timothy C</ForeName><Initials>TC</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Medicine and Irving Cancer Research Center, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA. Electronic address: tcw21@columbia.edu.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author></AuthorList><Language>eng</Language><GrantList CompleteYN="Y"><Grant><GrantID>5U54 CA126513</GrantID><Acronym>CA</Acronym><Agency>NCI NIH HHS</Agency><Country>United States</Country></Grant><Grant><GrantID>R01 EB006834</GrantID><Acronym>EB</Acronym><Agency>NIBIB NIH HHS</Agency><Country>United States</Country></Grant><Grant><GrantID>R01 NS015547</GrantID><Acronym>NS</Acronym><Agency>NINDS NIH HHS</Agency><Country>United States</Country></Grant><Grant><GrantID>AR056246</GrantID><Acronym>AR</Acronym><Agency>NIAMS NIH HHS</Agency><Country>United States</Country></Grant><Grant><GrantID>U54 CA126513</GrantID><Acronym>CA</Acronym><Agency>NCI NIH HHS</Agency><Country>United States</Country></Grant><Grant><GrantID>R01 RHL115145A</GrantID><Agency>PHS HHS</Agency><Country>United States</Country></Grant><Grant><GrantID>R01 AR056246</GrantID><Acronym>AR</Acronym><Agency>NIAMS NIH HHS</Agency><Country>United States</Country></Grant><Grant><GrantID>P30 ES002109</GrantID><Acronym>ES</Acronym><Agency>NIEHS NIH HHS</Agency><Country>United States</Country></Grant><Grant><GrantID>EB006834</GrantID><Acronym>EB</Acronym><Agency>NIBIB NIH HHS</Agency><Country>United States</Country></Grant><Grant><GrantID>R01 HL115145</GrantID><Acronym>HL</Acronym><Agency>NHLBI NIH HHS</Agency><Country>United States</Country></Grant><Grant><GrantID>T32 GM007315</GrantID><Acronym>GM</Acronym><Agency>NIGMS NIH HHS</Agency><Country>United States</Country></Grant></GrantList><PublicationTypeList><PublicationType UI="D016428">Journal Article</PublicationType><PublicationType UI="D052061">Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural</PublicationType></PublicationTypeList></Article><MedlineJournalInfo><Country>United States</Country><MedlineTA>Cell</MedlineTA><NlmUniqueID>0413066</NlmUniqueID><ISSNLinking>0092-8674</ISSNLinking></MedlineJournalInfo><ChemicalList><Chemical><RegistryNumber>0</RegistryNumber><NameOfSubstance 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