"Heroes" and "villains" of world history across cultures.
Identifieur interne : 003056 ( PubMed/Corpus ); précédent : 003055; suivant : 003057"Heroes" and "villains" of world history across cultures.
Auteurs : Katja Hanke ; James H. Liu ; Chris G. Sibley ; Dario Paez ; Stanley O. Gaines ; Gail Moloney ; Chan-Hoong Leong ; Wolfgang Wagner ; Laurent Licata ; Olivier Klein ; Ilya Garber ; Gisela Böhm ; Denis J. Hilton ; Velichko Valchev ; Sammyh S. Khan ; Rosa CabecinhasSource :
- PloS one [ 1932-6203 ] ; 2015.
English descriptors
- KwdEn :
- MESH :
- psychology : Students.
- Culture, Famous Persons, History, Internationality, Religion, Universities.
Abstract
Emergent properties of global political culture were examined using data from the World History Survey (WHS) involving 6,902 university students in 37 countries evaluating 40 figures from world history. Multidimensional scaling and factor analysis techniques found only limited forms of universality in evaluations across Western, Catholic/Orthodox, Muslim, and Asian country clusters. The highest consensus across cultures involved scientific innovators, with Einstein having the most positive evaluation overall. Peaceful humanitarians like Mother Theresa and Gandhi followed. There was much less cross-cultural consistency in the evaluation of negative figures, led by Hitler, Osama bin Laden, and Saddam Hussein. After more traditional empirical methods (e.g., factor analysis) failed to identify meaningful cross-cultural patterns, Latent Profile Analysis (LPA) was used to identify four global representational profiles: Secular and Religious Idealists were overwhelmingly prevalent in Christian countries, and Political Realists were common in Muslim and Asian countries. We discuss possible consequences and interpretations of these different representational profiles.
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0115641
PubMed: 25651504
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pubmed:25651504Le document en format XML
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Sibley</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>University of Auckland, School of Psychology, Auckland, New Zealand.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Paez, Dario" sort="Paez, Dario" uniqKey="Paez D" first="Dario" last="Paez">Dario Paez</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>University of the Basque Country, School of Psychology, San Sebastián, Spain.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gaines, Stanley O" sort="Gaines, Stanley O" uniqKey="Gaines S" first="Stanley O" last="Gaines">Stanley O. Gaines</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Brunel University, School of Social Sciences, London, United Kingdom.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Moloney, Gail" sort="Moloney, Gail" uniqKey="Moloney G" first="Gail" last="Moloney">Gail Moloney</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Southern Cross University, Department of Psychology, Lismore, Australia.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Leong, Chan Hoong" sort="Leong, Chan Hoong" uniqKey="Leong C" first="Chan-Hoong" last="Leong">Chan-Hoong Leong</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>National Singapore University, Institute of Policy Studies, Singapore, Singapore.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wagner, Wolfgang" sort="Wagner, Wolfgang" uniqKey="Wagner W" first="Wolfgang" last="Wagner">Wolfgang Wagner</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Johannes Kepler University, Department of Social and Economic Psychology, Linz, Austria.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Licata, Laurent" sort="Licata, Laurent" uniqKey="Licata L" first="Laurent" last="Licata">Laurent Licata</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Université Libre de Bruxelles, Center for Social and Cultural Psychology, Bruxelles, Belgium.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Klein, Olivier" sort="Klein, Olivier" uniqKey="Klein O" first="Olivier" last="Klein">Olivier Klein</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Université Libre de Bruxelles, Center for Social and Cultural Psychology, Bruxelles, Belgium.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Garber, Ilya" sort="Garber, Ilya" uniqKey="Garber I" first="Ilya" last="Garber">Ilya Garber</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Saratov State University, Department of Pedagogy and Psychology of Professional Education, Saratov, Russia.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bohm, Gisela" sort="Bohm, Gisela" uniqKey="Bohm G" first="Gisela" last="Böhm">Gisela Böhm</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>University of Bergen, Faculty of Psychology, Bergen, Norway.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hilton, Denis J" sort="Hilton, Denis J" uniqKey="Hilton D" first="Denis J" last="Hilton">Denis J. Hilton</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>University of Toulouse II, Cognition, Langues, Langage et Ergonomie, Toulouse, France.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Valchev, Velichko" sort="Valchev, Velichko" uniqKey="Valchev V" first="Velichko" last="Valchev">Velichko Valchev</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Tilburg University, Department of Cross-Cultural Psychology, Tilburg, Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Khan, Sammyh S" sort="Khan, Sammyh S" uniqKey="Khan S" first="Sammyh S" last="Khan">Sammyh S. Khan</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>University of Exeter, Medical School, Exeter, United Kingdom.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cabecinhas, Rosa" sort="Cabecinhas, Rosa" uniqKey="Cabecinhas R" first="Rosa" last="Cabecinhas">Rosa Cabecinhas</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>University of Minho, Institute of Social Sciences, Braga, Portugal.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PubMed</idno><date when="2015">2015</date><idno type="RBID">pubmed:25651504</idno><idno type="pmid">25651504</idno><idno type="doi">10.1371/journal.pone.0115641</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/PubMed/Corpus">003056</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="PubMed" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PubMed">003056</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en">"Heroes" and "villains" of world history across cultures.</title><author><name sortKey="Hanke, Katja" sort="Hanke, Katja" uniqKey="Hanke K" first="Katja" last="Hanke">Katja Hanke</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Jacobs University Bremen, Bremen International Graduate School of Social Sciences, Bremen, Germany.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Liu, James H" sort="Liu, James H" uniqKey="Liu J" first="James H" last="Liu">James H. Liu</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Victoria University of Wellington, School of Psychology, Wellington, New Zealand.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sibley, Chris G" sort="Sibley, Chris G" uniqKey="Sibley C" first="Chris G" last="Sibley">Chris G. Sibley</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>University of Auckland, School of Psychology, Auckland, New Zealand.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Paez, Dario" sort="Paez, Dario" uniqKey="Paez D" first="Dario" last="Paez">Dario Paez</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>University of the Basque Country, School of Psychology, San Sebastián, Spain.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gaines, Stanley O" sort="Gaines, Stanley O" uniqKey="Gaines S" first="Stanley O" last="Gaines">Stanley O. Gaines</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Brunel University, School of Social Sciences, London, United Kingdom.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Moloney, Gail" sort="Moloney, Gail" uniqKey="Moloney G" first="Gail" last="Moloney">Gail Moloney</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Southern Cross University, Department of Psychology, Lismore, Australia.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Leong, Chan Hoong" sort="Leong, Chan Hoong" uniqKey="Leong C" first="Chan-Hoong" last="Leong">Chan-Hoong Leong</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>National Singapore University, Institute of Policy Studies, Singapore, Singapore.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wagner, Wolfgang" sort="Wagner, Wolfgang" uniqKey="Wagner W" first="Wolfgang" last="Wagner">Wolfgang Wagner</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Johannes Kepler University, Department of Social and Economic Psychology, Linz, Austria.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Licata, Laurent" sort="Licata, Laurent" uniqKey="Licata L" first="Laurent" last="Licata">Laurent Licata</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Université Libre de Bruxelles, Center for Social and Cultural Psychology, Bruxelles, Belgium.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Klein, Olivier" sort="Klein, Olivier" uniqKey="Klein O" first="Olivier" last="Klein">Olivier Klein</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Université Libre de Bruxelles, Center for Social and Cultural Psychology, Bruxelles, Belgium.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Garber, Ilya" sort="Garber, Ilya" uniqKey="Garber I" first="Ilya" last="Garber">Ilya Garber</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Saratov State University, Department of Pedagogy and Psychology of Professional Education, Saratov, Russia.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bohm, Gisela" sort="Bohm, Gisela" uniqKey="Bohm G" first="Gisela" last="Böhm">Gisela Böhm</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>University of Bergen, Faculty of Psychology, Bergen, Norway.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hilton, Denis J" sort="Hilton, Denis J" uniqKey="Hilton D" first="Denis J" last="Hilton">Denis J. Hilton</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>University of Toulouse II, Cognition, Langues, Langage et Ergonomie, Toulouse, France.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Valchev, Velichko" sort="Valchev, Velichko" uniqKey="Valchev V" first="Velichko" last="Valchev">Velichko Valchev</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Tilburg University, Department of Cross-Cultural Psychology, Tilburg, Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Khan, Sammyh S" sort="Khan, Sammyh S" uniqKey="Khan S" first="Sammyh S" last="Khan">Sammyh S. Khan</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>University of Exeter, Medical School, Exeter, United Kingdom.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cabecinhas, Rosa" sort="Cabecinhas, Rosa" uniqKey="Cabecinhas R" first="Rosa" last="Cabecinhas">Rosa Cabecinhas</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>University of Minho, Institute of Social Sciences, Braga, Portugal.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">PloS one</title><idno type="eISSN">1932-6203</idno><imprint><date when="2015" type="published">2015</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Culture</term><term>Famous Persons</term><term>History</term><term>Internationality</term><term>Religion</term><term>Students (psychology)</term><term>Universities</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="psychology" xml:lang="en"><term>Students</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="en"><term>Culture</term><term>Famous Persons</term><term>History</term><term>Internationality</term><term>Religion</term><term>Universities</term></keywords></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">Emergent properties of global political culture were examined using data from the World History Survey (WHS) involving 6,902 university students in 37 countries evaluating 40 figures from world history. Multidimensional scaling and factor analysis techniques found only limited forms of universality in evaluations across Western, Catholic/Orthodox, Muslim, and Asian country clusters. The highest consensus across cultures involved scientific innovators, with Einstein having the most positive evaluation overall. Peaceful humanitarians like Mother Theresa and Gandhi followed. There was much less cross-cultural consistency in the evaluation of negative figures, led by Hitler, Osama bin Laden, and Saddam Hussein. After more traditional empirical methods (e.g., factor analysis) failed to identify meaningful cross-cultural patterns, Latent Profile Analysis (LPA) was used to identify four global representational profiles: Secular and Religious Idealists were overwhelmingly prevalent in Christian countries, and Political Realists were common in Muslim and Asian countries. We discuss possible consequences and interpretations of these different representational profiles.</div></front></TEI><pubmed><MedlineCitation Status="MEDLINE" Owner="NLM"><PMID Version="1">25651504</PMID><DateCreated><Year>2015</Year><Month>02</Month><Day>05</Day></DateCreated><DateCompleted><Year>2015</Year><Month>10</Month><Day>16</Day></DateCompleted><DateRevised><Year>2015</Year><Month>10</Month><Day>28</Day></DateRevised><Article PubModel="Electronic-eCollection"><Journal><ISSN IssnType="Electronic">1932-6203</ISSN><JournalIssue CitedMedium="Internet"><Volume>10</Volume><Issue>2</Issue><PubDate><Year>2015</Year></PubDate></JournalIssue><Title>PloS one</Title><ISOAbbreviation>PLoS ONE</ISOAbbreviation></Journal><ArticleTitle>"Heroes" and "villains" of world history across cultures.</ArticleTitle><Pagination><MedlinePgn>e0115641</MedlinePgn></Pagination><ELocationID EIdType="doi" ValidYN="Y">10.1371/journal.pone.0115641</ELocationID><Abstract><AbstractText>Emergent properties of global political culture were examined using data from the World History Survey (WHS) involving 6,902 university students in 37 countries evaluating 40 figures from world history. Multidimensional scaling and factor analysis techniques found only limited forms of universality in evaluations across Western, Catholic/Orthodox, Muslim, and Asian country clusters. The highest consensus across cultures involved scientific innovators, with Einstein having the most positive evaluation overall. Peaceful humanitarians like Mother Theresa and Gandhi followed. There was much less cross-cultural consistency in the evaluation of negative figures, led by Hitler, Osama bin Laden, and Saddam Hussein. After more traditional empirical methods (e.g., factor analysis) failed to identify meaningful cross-cultural patterns, Latent Profile Analysis (LPA) was used to identify four global representational profiles: Secular and Religious Idealists were overwhelmingly prevalent in Christian countries, and Political Realists were common in Muslim and Asian countries. We discuss possible consequences and interpretations of these different representational profiles.</AbstractText></Abstract><AuthorList CompleteYN="Y"><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Hanke</LastName><ForeName>Katja</ForeName><Initials>K</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Jacobs University Bremen, Bremen International Graduate School of Social Sciences, Bremen, Germany.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Liu</LastName><ForeName>James H</ForeName><Initials>JH</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Victoria University of Wellington, School of Psychology, Wellington, New Zealand.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Sibley</LastName><ForeName>Chris G</ForeName><Initials>CG</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>University of Auckland, School of Psychology, Auckland, New Zealand.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Paez</LastName><ForeName>Dario</ForeName><Initials>D</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>University of the Basque Country, School of Psychology, San Sebastián, Spain.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Gaines</LastName><ForeName>Stanley O</ForeName><Initials>SO</Initials><Suffix>Jr</Suffix><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Brunel University, School of Social Sciences, London, United Kingdom.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Moloney</LastName><ForeName>Gail</ForeName><Initials>G</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Southern Cross University, Department of Psychology, Lismore, Australia.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Leong</LastName><ForeName>Chan-Hoong</ForeName><Initials>CH</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>National Singapore University, Institute of Policy Studies, Singapore, Singapore.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Wagner</LastName><ForeName>Wolfgang</ForeName><Initials>W</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Johannes Kepler University, Department of Social and Economic Psychology, Linz, Austria.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Licata</LastName><ForeName>Laurent</ForeName><Initials>L</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Université Libre de Bruxelles, Center for Social and Cultural Psychology, Bruxelles, Belgium.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Klein</LastName><ForeName>Olivier</ForeName><Initials>O</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Université Libre de Bruxelles, Center for Social and Cultural Psychology, Bruxelles, Belgium.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Garber</LastName><ForeName>Ilya</ForeName><Initials>I</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Saratov State University, Department of Pedagogy and Psychology of Professional Education, Saratov, Russia.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Böhm</LastName><ForeName>Gisela</ForeName><Initials>G</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>University of Bergen, Faculty of Psychology, Bergen, Norway.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Hilton</LastName><ForeName>Denis J</ForeName><Initials>DJ</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>University of Toulouse II, Cognition, Langues, Langage et Ergonomie, Toulouse, France.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Valchev</LastName><ForeName>Velichko</ForeName><Initials>V</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Tilburg University, Department of Cross-Cultural Psychology, Tilburg, Netherlands.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Khan</LastName><ForeName>Sammyh S</ForeName><Initials>SS</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>University of Exeter, Medical School, Exeter, United Kingdom.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Cabecinhas</LastName><ForeName>Rosa</ForeName><Initials>R</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>University of Minho, Institute of Social Sciences, Braga, Portugal.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author></AuthorList><Language>eng</Language><PublicationTypeList><PublicationType UI="D016428">Journal Article</PublicationType><PublicationType UI="D013485">Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't</PublicationType></PublicationTypeList><ArticleDate DateType="Electronic"><Year>2015</Year><Month>02</Month><Day>04</Day></ArticleDate></Article><MedlineJournalInfo><Country>United States</Country><MedlineTA>PLoS One</MedlineTA><NlmUniqueID>101285081</NlmUniqueID><ISSNLinking>1932-6203</ISSNLinking></MedlineJournalInfo><CitationSubset>IM</CitationSubset><CommentsCorrectionsList><CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites"><RefSource>Psychol Bull. 1973 May;79(5):294-309</RefSource><PMID Version="1">4574836</PMID></CommentsCorrections><CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites"><RefSource>Stat Med. 1986 Jan-Feb;5(1):21-7</RefSource><PMID Version="1">3961312</PMID></CommentsCorrections><CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites"><RefSource>J Abnorm Psychol. 1946 Jul;41:258-90</RefSource><PMID Version="1">20995551</PMID></CommentsCorrections><CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites"><RefSource>Behav Brain Sci. 2010 Jun;33(2-3):61-83; discussion 83-135</RefSource><PMID Version="1">20550733</PMID></CommentsCorrections><CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites"><RefSource>Br J Soc Psychol. 2005 Dec;44(Pt 4):537-56</RefSource><PMID Version="1">16368018</PMID></CommentsCorrections></CommentsCorrectionsList><MeshHeadingList><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D003469" MajorTopicYN="Y">Culture</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D005197" MajorTopicYN="Y">Famous Persons</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D006664" MajorTopicYN="Y">History</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D038622" MajorTopicYN="Y">Internationality</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D012067" MajorTopicYN="N">Religion</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D013334" MajorTopicYN="N">Students</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000523" MajorTopicYN="N">psychology</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D014495" MajorTopicYN="N">Universities</DescriptorName></MeshHeading></MeshHeadingList><OtherID Source="NLM">PMC4317187</OtherID></MedlineCitation><PubmedData><History><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="received"><Year>2013</Year><Month>02</Month><Day>27</Day></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="accepted"><Year>2014</Year><Month>11</Month><Day>25</Day></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="entrez"><Year>2015</Year><Month>2</Month><Day>5</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate 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