Baseline HIV-1 resistance, virological outcomes, and emergent resistance in the SECOND-LINE trial: an exploratory analysis.
Identifieur interne : 003039 ( PubMed/Corpus ); précédent : 003038; suivant : 003040Baseline HIV-1 resistance, virological outcomes, and emergent resistance in the SECOND-LINE trial: an exploratory analysis.
Auteurs : Mark A. Boyd ; Cecilia L. Moore ; Jean-Michel Molina ; Robin Wood ; Juan S. Madero ; Marcelo Wolff ; Kiat Ruxrungtham ; Marcelo Losso ; Boris Renjifo ; Hedy Teppler ; Anthony D. Kelleher ; Janaki Amin ; Sean Emery ; David A. CooperSource :
- The lancet. HIV [ 2352-3018 ] ; 2015.
English descriptors
- KwdEn :
- Adult, Anti-HIV Agents (therapeutic use), Dideoxynucleosides (therapeutic use), Drug Resistance, Viral, Drug Therapy, Combination, Female, HIV Infections (drug therapy), HIV Infections (psychology), HIV Infections (virology), HIV-1 (drug effects), HIV-1 (genetics), HIV-1 (isolation & purification), HIV-1 (physiology), Humans, Lamivudine (therapeutic use), Lopinavir (therapeutic use), Male, Medication Adherence, Middle Aged, Ritonavir (therapeutic use), South Australia, Tenofovir (therapeutic use), Treatment Outcome, Viral Load (drug effects), Young Adult.
- MESH :
- chemical , therapeutic use : Anti-HIV Agents, Dideoxynucleosides, Lamivudine, Lopinavir, Ritonavir, Tenofovir.
- geographic : South Australia.
- drug effects : HIV-1, Viral Load.
- drug therapy : HIV Infections.
- genetics : HIV-1.
- isolation & purification : HIV-1.
- physiology : HIV-1.
- psychology : HIV Infections.
- virology : HIV Infections.
- Adult, Drug Resistance, Viral, Drug Therapy, Combination, Female, Humans, Male, Medication Adherence, Middle Aged, Treatment Outcome, Young Adult.
Abstract
WHO-recommended second-line antiretroviral therapy (ART) of a pharmacologically enhanced (boosted) protease inhibitor plus nucleoside or nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NtRTIs) might be compromised by resistance. Results of the 96 week SECOND-LINE randomised trial showed that NtRTI-sparing ART with ritonavir-boosted lopinavir and raltegravir (raltegravir-group) provided non-inferior efficacy to ritonavir-boosted lopinavir and two or three NtRTIs (NtRTI-group) in participants with virological failure composed of a first-line regimen of a non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor plus two NtRTIs. We report the relation of baseline virological resistance with virological failure and emergent resistance on study.
DOI: 10.1016/S2352-3018(14)00061-7
PubMed: 26424460
Links to Exploration step
pubmed:26424460Le document en format XML
<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Baseline HIV-1 resistance, virological outcomes, and emergent resistance in the SECOND-LINE trial: an exploratory analysis.</title><author><name sortKey="Boyd, Mark A" sort="Boyd, Mark A" uniqKey="Boyd M" first="Mark A" last="Boyd">Mark A. Boyd</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>The Kirby Institute for Infection and Immunity in Society, UNSW Medicine, University of New South Wales Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia. Electronic address: mboyd@kirby.unsw.edu.au.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Moore, Cecilia L" sort="Moore, Cecilia L" uniqKey="Moore C" first="Cecilia L" last="Moore">Cecilia L. Moore</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>The Kirby Institute for Infection and Immunity in Society, UNSW Medicine, University of New South Wales Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Molina, Jean Michel" sort="Molina, Jean Michel" uniqKey="Molina J" first="Jean-Michel" last="Molina">Jean-Michel Molina</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Hospital Saint-Louis, Department of Clinical Infectious Diseases, Paris, France.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wood, Robin" sort="Wood, Robin" uniqKey="Wood R" first="Robin" last="Wood">Robin Wood</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Desmond Tutu HIV Foundation, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, South Africa.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Madero, Juan S" sort="Madero, Juan S" uniqKey="Madero J" first="Juan S" last="Madero">Juan S. Madero</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Medicas y Nutricion (Salvador Zubirán), Department of Infectious Diseases, Mexico D F, Mexico.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wolff, Marcelo" sort="Wolff, Marcelo" uniqKey="Wolff M" first="Marcelo" last="Wolff">Marcelo Wolff</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Hospital San Borja-Arriaran, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ruxrungtham, Kiat" sort="Ruxrungtham, Kiat" uniqKey="Ruxrungtham K" first="Kiat" last="Ruxrungtham">Kiat Ruxrungtham</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Chulalongkorn University; HIV-NAT, Thai Red Cross AIDS Research Center, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Losso, Marcelo" sort="Losso, Marcelo" uniqKey="Losso M" first="Marcelo" last="Losso">Marcelo Losso</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Hospital J M Ramos Mejía, Servicio de Immunocompromatidos, Pabellon de Clinica, Buenos Aires, Argentina.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Renjifo, Boris" sort="Renjifo, Boris" uniqKey="Renjifo B" first="Boris" last="Renjifo">Boris Renjifo</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Global Medical Affairs, Virology, Global Pharmaceutical Research & Development, AbbVie Inc, Chicago, IL, USA.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Teppler, Hedy" sort="Teppler, Hedy" uniqKey="Teppler H" first="Hedy" last="Teppler">Hedy Teppler</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Merck Clinical Research-Infectious Diseases, Merck, Whitehouse Station, NJ, USA.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kelleher, Anthony D" sort="Kelleher, Anthony D" uniqKey="Kelleher A" first="Anthony D" last="Kelleher">Anthony D. Kelleher</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>The Kirby Institute for Infection and Immunity in Society, UNSW Medicine, University of New South Wales Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Amin, Janaki" sort="Amin, Janaki" uniqKey="Amin J" first="Janaki" last="Amin">Janaki Amin</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>The Kirby Institute for Infection and Immunity in Society, UNSW Medicine, University of New South Wales Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Emery, Sean" sort="Emery, Sean" uniqKey="Emery S" first="Sean" last="Emery">Sean Emery</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>The Kirby Institute for Infection and Immunity in Society, UNSW Medicine, University of New South Wales Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cooper, David A" sort="Cooper, David A" uniqKey="Cooper D" first="David A" last="Cooper">David A. Cooper</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>The Kirby Institute for Infection and Immunity in Society, UNSW Medicine, University of New South Wales Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PubMed</idno><date when="2015">2015</date><idno type="RBID">pubmed:26424460</idno><idno type="pmid">26424460</idno><idno type="doi">10.1016/S2352-3018(14)00061-7</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/PubMed/Corpus">003039</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="PubMed" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PubMed">003039</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en">Baseline HIV-1 resistance, virological outcomes, and emergent resistance in the SECOND-LINE trial: an exploratory analysis.</title><author><name sortKey="Boyd, Mark A" sort="Boyd, Mark A" uniqKey="Boyd M" first="Mark A" last="Boyd">Mark A. Boyd</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>The Kirby Institute for Infection and Immunity in Society, UNSW Medicine, University of New South Wales Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia. Electronic address: mboyd@kirby.unsw.edu.au.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Moore, Cecilia L" sort="Moore, Cecilia L" uniqKey="Moore C" first="Cecilia L" last="Moore">Cecilia L. Moore</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>The Kirby Institute for Infection and Immunity in Society, UNSW Medicine, University of New South Wales Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Molina, Jean Michel" sort="Molina, Jean Michel" uniqKey="Molina J" first="Jean-Michel" last="Molina">Jean-Michel Molina</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Hospital Saint-Louis, Department of Clinical Infectious Diseases, Paris, France.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wood, Robin" sort="Wood, Robin" uniqKey="Wood R" first="Robin" last="Wood">Robin Wood</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Desmond Tutu HIV Foundation, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, South Africa.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Madero, Juan S" sort="Madero, Juan S" uniqKey="Madero J" first="Juan S" last="Madero">Juan S. Madero</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Medicas y Nutricion (Salvador Zubirán), Department of Infectious Diseases, Mexico D F, Mexico.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wolff, Marcelo" sort="Wolff, Marcelo" uniqKey="Wolff M" first="Marcelo" last="Wolff">Marcelo Wolff</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Hospital San Borja-Arriaran, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ruxrungtham, Kiat" sort="Ruxrungtham, Kiat" uniqKey="Ruxrungtham K" first="Kiat" last="Ruxrungtham">Kiat Ruxrungtham</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Chulalongkorn University; HIV-NAT, Thai Red Cross AIDS Research Center, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Losso, Marcelo" sort="Losso, Marcelo" uniqKey="Losso M" first="Marcelo" last="Losso">Marcelo Losso</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Hospital J M Ramos Mejía, Servicio de Immunocompromatidos, Pabellon de Clinica, Buenos Aires, Argentina.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Renjifo, Boris" sort="Renjifo, Boris" uniqKey="Renjifo B" first="Boris" last="Renjifo">Boris Renjifo</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Global Medical Affairs, Virology, Global Pharmaceutical Research & Development, AbbVie Inc, Chicago, IL, USA.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Teppler, Hedy" sort="Teppler, Hedy" uniqKey="Teppler H" first="Hedy" last="Teppler">Hedy Teppler</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Merck Clinical Research-Infectious Diseases, Merck, Whitehouse Station, NJ, USA.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kelleher, Anthony D" sort="Kelleher, Anthony D" uniqKey="Kelleher A" first="Anthony D" last="Kelleher">Anthony D. Kelleher</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>The Kirby Institute for Infection and Immunity in Society, UNSW Medicine, University of New South Wales Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Amin, Janaki" sort="Amin, Janaki" uniqKey="Amin J" first="Janaki" last="Amin">Janaki Amin</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>The Kirby Institute for Infection and Immunity in Society, UNSW Medicine, University of New South Wales Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Emery, Sean" sort="Emery, Sean" uniqKey="Emery S" first="Sean" last="Emery">Sean Emery</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>The Kirby Institute for Infection and Immunity in Society, UNSW Medicine, University of New South Wales Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cooper, David A" sort="Cooper, David A" uniqKey="Cooper D" first="David A" last="Cooper">David A. Cooper</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>The Kirby Institute for Infection and Immunity in Society, UNSW Medicine, University of New South Wales Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">The lancet. HIV</title><idno type="eISSN">2352-3018</idno><imprint><date when="2015" type="published">2015</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Adult</term><term>Anti-HIV Agents (therapeutic use)</term><term>Dideoxynucleosides (therapeutic use)</term><term>Drug Resistance, Viral</term><term>Drug Therapy, Combination</term><term>Female</term><term>HIV Infections (drug therapy)</term><term>HIV Infections (psychology)</term><term>HIV Infections (virology)</term><term>HIV-1 (drug effects)</term><term>HIV-1 (genetics)</term><term>HIV-1 (isolation & purification)</term><term>HIV-1 (physiology)</term><term>Humans</term><term>Lamivudine (therapeutic use)</term><term>Lopinavir (therapeutic use)</term><term>Male</term><term>Medication Adherence</term><term>Middle Aged</term><term>Ritonavir (therapeutic use)</term><term>South Australia</term><term>Tenofovir (therapeutic use)</term><term>Treatment Outcome</term><term>Viral Load (drug effects)</term><term>Young Adult</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" type="chemical" qualifier="therapeutic use" xml:lang="en"><term>Anti-HIV Agents</term><term>Dideoxynucleosides</term><term>Lamivudine</term><term>Lopinavir</term><term>Ritonavir</term><term>Tenofovir</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" type="geographic" xml:lang="en"><term>South Australia</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="drug effects" xml:lang="en"><term>HIV-1</term><term>Viral Load</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="drug therapy" xml:lang="en"><term>HIV Infections</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="genetics" xml:lang="en"><term>HIV-1</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="isolation & purification" xml:lang="en"><term>HIV-1</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="physiology" xml:lang="en"><term>HIV-1</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="psychology" xml:lang="en"><term>HIV Infections</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="virology" xml:lang="en"><term>HIV Infections</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="en"><term>Adult</term><term>Drug Resistance, Viral</term><term>Drug Therapy, Combination</term><term>Female</term><term>Humans</term><term>Male</term><term>Medication Adherence</term><term>Middle Aged</term><term>Treatment Outcome</term><term>Young Adult</term></keywords></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">WHO-recommended second-line antiretroviral therapy (ART) of a pharmacologically enhanced (boosted) protease inhibitor plus nucleoside or nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NtRTIs) might be compromised by resistance. Results of the 96 week SECOND-LINE randomised trial showed that NtRTI-sparing ART with ritonavir-boosted lopinavir and raltegravir (raltegravir-group) provided non-inferior efficacy to ritonavir-boosted lopinavir and two or three NtRTIs (NtRTI-group) in participants with virological failure composed of a first-line regimen of a non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor plus two NtRTIs. We report the relation of baseline virological resistance with virological failure and emergent resistance on study.</div></front></TEI><pubmed><MedlineCitation Status="MEDLINE" Owner="NLM"><PMID Version="1">26424460</PMID><DateCreated><Year>2015</Year><Month>10</Month><Day>01</Day></DateCreated><DateCompleted><Year>2016</Year><Month>03</Month><Day>24</Day></DateCompleted><DateRevised><Year>2016</Year><Month>05</Month><Day>26</Day></DateRevised><Article PubModel="Print-Electronic"><Journal><ISSN IssnType="Electronic">2352-3018</ISSN><JournalIssue CitedMedium="Internet"><Volume>2</Volume><Issue>2</Issue><PubDate><Year>2015</Year><Month>Feb</Month></PubDate></JournalIssue><Title>The lancet. HIV</Title><ISOAbbreviation>Lancet HIV</ISOAbbreviation></Journal><ArticleTitle>Baseline HIV-1 resistance, virological outcomes, and emergent resistance in the SECOND-LINE trial: an exploratory analysis.</ArticleTitle><Pagination><MedlinePgn>e42-51</MedlinePgn></Pagination><ELocationID EIdType="doi" ValidYN="Y">10.1016/S2352-3018(14)00061-7</ELocationID><ELocationID EIdType="pii" ValidYN="Y">S2352-3018(14)00061-7</ELocationID><Abstract><AbstractText Label="BACKGROUND" NlmCategory="BACKGROUND">WHO-recommended second-line antiretroviral therapy (ART) of a pharmacologically enhanced (boosted) protease inhibitor plus nucleoside or nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NtRTIs) might be compromised by resistance. Results of the 96 week SECOND-LINE randomised trial showed that NtRTI-sparing ART with ritonavir-boosted lopinavir and raltegravir (raltegravir-group) provided non-inferior efficacy to ritonavir-boosted lopinavir and two or three NtRTIs (NtRTI-group) in participants with virological failure composed of a first-line regimen of a non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor plus two NtRTIs. We report the relation of baseline virological resistance with virological failure and emergent resistance on study.</AbstractText><AbstractText Label="METHODS" NlmCategory="METHODS">As part of the randomised open-label SECOND-LINE trial, second-line ART NtRTI selection was made by either genotype (local laboratory) or algorithm. Genotypic resistance for the entire cohort at baseline was assessed on stored samples at a central laboratory. Virological failure was defined as plasma viral load greater than 200 copies per mL. Baseline viral isolates were assigned genotypic sensitivity scores (GSSs) by use of the Stanford HIV Database version 6.3.1: a global GSS (gGSS), defined as the combined GSS for lamivudine or emtricitabine, abacavir, zidovudine, stavudine, didanosine, and tenofovir and a specific GSS (sGSS) defined as the GSS for the ART regimen initiated by a specific participant. Emergent resistance was reported on samples with a viral load greater than 500 copies per mL. We used multivariate logistic regression with backward elimination to assess predictors of virological failure and emergent resistance.</AbstractText><AbstractText Label="FINDINGS" NlmCategory="RESULTS">From April 19, 2010, to July 22, 2013, 271 patients were included in the NtRTI group and and 270 in the raltegravir group. In the NtRTI group 215 had available baseline sequence data, and 240 had viral load measurements at 96 weeks; in the raltegravir group 236 had baseline sequence data and 255 had viral load measurements at 96 weeks. Median (IQR) gGSS was 3.0 (1.3-4.3) in the NtRTI group and 3.0 (1.0-4.3) in the raltegravir group. The median sGSS in the NtRTI group was 1.0 (0.5-1.8). Multivariate analysis showed significant associations between virological failure and less than complete adherence at week 4 (odds ratio [OR] 2.18, 95%CI 1.07-4.47; p=0·03) and week 48 (2.49, 1.09-5.69; p=0.03), baseline plasma viral load greater than 100,000 copies per mL (3.43, 1.70-6.94; p=0.0006), baseline gGSS >4.25 (4.73, 1.94-11.6; p=0.0007), and being Hispanic (3.13, 1.21-8.13; p=0.02) or African (3.49, 1.68-7.28; p=0.0008) rather than Asian. We observed emergent major mutations in one (1%) of 129 participants for protease (both groups), eight (13%) of 64 for reverse transcriptase (NtRTI group) and 16 (20%) of 79 for integrase. Emergent resistance was associated with the raltegravir group (OR 2.47, 95% CI 1.02-5.99; p=0.05), baseline log10 viral load (1.83, 1.12-2.97; p=0.02), and absence of the Lys65Arg (K65R) or Lys70Glu (K70E) mutation at baseline (3.18, 1.12-9.02; p=0.03).</AbstractText><AbstractText Label="INTERPRETATION" NlmCategory="CONCLUSIONS">Poor adherence was a major determinant of virological failure in people on second-line ART. In settings with limited resources, investment in optimisation of adherence rather than implementation of drug resistance testing might be advisable.</AbstractText><AbstractText Label="FUNDING" NlmCategory="BACKGROUND">University of New South Wales Australia, Merck, AbbVie, and the Foundation for AIDS Research.</AbstractText><CopyrightInformation>Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.</CopyrightInformation></Abstract><AuthorList CompleteYN="Y"><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Boyd</LastName><ForeName>Mark A</ForeName><Initials>MA</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>The Kirby Institute for Infection and Immunity in Society, UNSW Medicine, University of New South Wales Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia. Electronic address: mboyd@kirby.unsw.edu.au.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Moore</LastName><ForeName>Cecilia L</ForeName><Initials>CL</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>The Kirby Institute for Infection and Immunity in Society, UNSW Medicine, University of New South Wales Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Molina</LastName><ForeName>Jean-Michel</ForeName><Initials>JM</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Hospital Saint-Louis, Department of Clinical Infectious Diseases, Paris, France.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Wood</LastName><ForeName>Robin</ForeName><Initials>R</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Desmond Tutu HIV Foundation, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, South Africa.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Madero</LastName><ForeName>Juan S</ForeName><Initials>JS</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Medicas y Nutricion (Salvador Zubirán), Department of Infectious Diseases, Mexico D F, Mexico.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Wolff</LastName><ForeName>Marcelo</ForeName><Initials>M</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Hospital San Borja-Arriaran, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Ruxrungtham</LastName><ForeName>Kiat</ForeName><Initials>K</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Chulalongkorn University; HIV-NAT, Thai Red Cross AIDS Research Center, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Losso</LastName><ForeName>Marcelo</ForeName><Initials>M</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Hospital J M Ramos Mejía, Servicio de Immunocompromatidos, Pabellon de Clinica, Buenos Aires, Argentina.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Renjifo</LastName><ForeName>Boris</ForeName><Initials>B</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Global Medical Affairs, Virology, Global Pharmaceutical Research & Development, AbbVie Inc, Chicago, IL, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Teppler</LastName><ForeName>Hedy</ForeName><Initials>H</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Merck Clinical Research-Infectious Diseases, Merck, Whitehouse Station, NJ, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Kelleher</LastName><ForeName>Anthony D</ForeName><Initials>AD</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>The Kirby Institute for Infection and Immunity in Society, UNSW Medicine, University of New South Wales Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Amin</LastName><ForeName>Janaki</ForeName><Initials>J</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>The Kirby Institute for Infection and Immunity in Society, UNSW Medicine, University of New South Wales Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Emery</LastName><ForeName>Sean</ForeName><Initials>S</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>The Kirby Institute for Infection and Immunity in Society, UNSW Medicine, University of New South Wales Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Cooper</LastName><ForeName>David A</ForeName><Initials>DA</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>The Kirby Institute for Infection and Immunity in Society, UNSW Medicine, University of New South Wales Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><CollectiveName>SECOND-LINE study group</CollectiveName></Author></AuthorList><Language>eng</Language><PublicationTypeList><PublicationType UI="D016428">Journal Article</PublicationType><PublicationType UI="D016448">Multicenter Study</PublicationType><PublicationType UI="D016449">Randomized Controlled Trial</PublicationType><PublicationType UI="D013485">Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't</PublicationType></PublicationTypeList><ArticleDate DateType="Electronic"><Year>2015</Year><Month>01</Month><Day>20</Day></ArticleDate></Article><MedlineJournalInfo><Country>Netherlands</Country><MedlineTA>Lancet HIV</MedlineTA><NlmUniqueID>101645355</NlmUniqueID><ISSNLinking>2352-3018</ISSNLinking></MedlineJournalInfo><ChemicalList><Chemical><RegistryNumber>0</RegistryNumber><NameOfSubstance UI="D019380">Anti-HIV Agents</NameOfSubstance></Chemical><Chemical><RegistryNumber>0</RegistryNumber><NameOfSubstance UI="D015224">Dideoxynucleosides</NameOfSubstance></Chemical><Chemical><RegistryNumber>2494G1JF75</RegistryNumber><NameOfSubstance 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